
iP|i!illii;i;:ii:';-i.;^'- 












^ q 




0. 


















> • » • .0 






<5^ •" o « o ' .<s^ q 






#^^:^<; '^..^^ /#®v \..^ ;>^€^'^ 



o *':v*- ^'^ 



.0' 



% 



5°x. 






o > 



•v 



^"•^*-^ -,«^"«° .^ 












'^-^. 



.-..% 



^^ 



^. 









„?: 



v.*. 



^' ^^ -^^ 



.<^ 



>A\>^/ 



o > 



V 



^ •^^. ''Vwr>' y 









^\^ 






^ ^^ 






V, * o . o ^ ^«5,^ 



,^-^°- 



^0 



^'•""^^^ y .*A^VA^%. ./' <'f^'- \..^^^'' •;^v 






•-^^,* ^^" "^ ^.y%Z' a"" ^'^ "-^ 







o » • • /■ ^ \ 



'THE ANCIENT CITY." 



HISTORY 



■OF- 



mmm, m mim. 



1649—1887, 



BY ELIHl S. RILEY. 






ANNAPOLIS. 
RECOKD PRINTING OFB^ICE, 

1887. 



/ i^h 



n 



Entered, according to Act of Congress in the year 1887, by ELIHtl 
S. RILEY, in the office of the Librarian of Congress, at Wash 
ington. 






C\'^ ^ <^A 






Annapolis, Feb. 1, 1887. 

In pursuance of the Act of 1886, Chapter 150, entitled "an Act to 
provide for a State subscription to Riley's History of Annapolis," 
the undersigned, designated by said Act, to examine said History, 
hereby certify that we "have examined said History, as prepared by 
said Riley, and find that it contains much valuable and interasting 
matter, a considerable portion of which has not hitherto appeared in 
any published history ; and believing, as we do, that the book will be 
of interest to the people of the State, we, therefore approve the same. 

Henry Lloyd, 
R. H. Alvey, 
E. P. Duvall. 



PREFACE. 

: o : 

This History of Annapolis has been written in hours taken from 
the days of a very busy life. They have been hours of labor, but 
hours lightened by the pleasures of the task. 

The annals of the brave, intelligent, chivalrous people who made 
the City of Annapolis celebrated, are part of the history of the nation. 

In the early days of the capital, the sturdy Puritans represented 
the austere and religious in its annals : the political and aggressive 
period followed the removal of the capital from St. Mary's to An- 
napolis ; the third stage was the golden age of Annapolitan history. 
Its people, polished in literature, skilled in politics, energetic in busi- 
ness, experienced the benefits of literary culture, maintained their rights 
against encroaching proprietaries, pushed their commerce into many 
seas, and enjoyed the opulence that active trade returns to intelligent 
enterprise. Then came the Revolutionary epoch. In it, no city in 
the colonies was more prompt and decisive in resisting the aggres- 
sions of the crown, and in supplying troops and sinews of war for 
carrying on active operations in the field against the British forces. 
After the Revolution, Annapolis declined in importance, but the loca- 
tion of the Naval Academy here in 1845 restored its national charac- 
ter. The connection by Short-Line railroad with Baltimore renews 
its ancient hopes of commercial importance. To gather the rays of 
light from their varied sources and to form them into one prism of 
information has made it necessary to search many volumes of history. 
trench on the memory and patience of numerous citizens, and to record, 
out of our own limited store-house of recollection, things new and old. 

In this task we have had the aid of the following public documents, 
journals, and histories : 

Maryland (razatte, William Parks, Pu])lisher. Annapolis, 1727, 
1728, 1729. 

Maryland Gazdte, Jonas Green and descendants, publishers, 1745 to 
1839. 

Ridgely's Annals of Annapolis, 1841. 

Historical View of the Government of Maryland, John V. L. Mc- 

Mahon, 1831. /'Vk** '''''* ^"^ 

Historv of Maryland, John Leeds ilBfe 2 vols., ISo;. 
Scharf's History of Maryland, 8 vols., 1879. 
Archives of Maryland, 3 vols., 1883. 
Appieton's Encyclopedia. 
Laws of Maryland, 1637 to 17(33. 



6 PREFACE. 

Allen's History of St. Aune's Parish. 1857^. 

EJdis' Letters from Aniianolis. 17G9 to 1776. 

Lord Baltimore's Kent Roll for Anue Arundel. 

MSS. in the Land <.)llic»*. 

Survev? iti Annapolis, MSS. in the Land Office. 

JouruaU of Proceedings of the House, MSS., in the. Land Office, 
Auuapoli.-i and 

Maryland Historical Society, Baltimore. 

Procee-lings of the Provincial Court, MSS. in the Land Office. 

Proceedings of tho Governor's council, MSS. Land Office. 

Marsliall's Life of Washington. 

Terra Mara*. 

Force's Tnicts. 

lieiflster of St. John's College. 

Report of the Legislature on St. .John's College. 

A Puritan Colony in Maryland. Dan'l. R. Randall. 

A Fre:ieh Officer's Letters from America. 

Soltrv'.- History of the Xaval Academy. 

Hou'sf and .Senate Documents. IStJl. 

Pr(»ceedings of the Corporation. 

I>>ckt-l I i the Mayor's Court of Annapolis, 

The Annapolis dazftt*'. 

The Muiyland GazfAfe. i New Issue.) 

Th*- R I .,riL Annapolis. 

The Ke- vised C<Mle of Annapolis. 

Laws ol Maryland of 1SS4. 

I am indebted greatly to Seiuitor Nicholas Brewer, of this county. 
for the l.»an of a valuable volume — Eddis' Letters from Awnapolis ; 
also, H French Officer's Letters from America. The former has been 
invaluable and without it the History of Annapolis would have l)een 
vranting in much important information. 

To Mr. Geo. H.Shafer, Deputy in the LandOlliee. Dr. K. P. Duvall, 
State Lil»rarian. and Mi. S. M. Gatchell. Librarian of tlie Maryland 
Historical Society, I am indebted for their many courtesies in grant- 
ing me full access to the nunierous sources of history in their resi>ec- 
tire offices. 

To my venerable anil esteemed relative. Mrs. Kli/a Bonsall. now in 
the 84tii year of her age, of sound mind, keen memory, and well-or- 
dered intellect, Thereby gratefully acknowledge my great indebtedness 
for much valuable information, especially in the location of former 
landmarks and the identification of ancient houses in oiir city. 
To Di. George Wells, whose unremitthig and unsolicited efforts were 
largely instrumental in s«M'uring the option of a .State's subscription 
to thia History, I here record my high ajtpreciation of his friendly 
and invaluable services, that were n-Jidered in that lofty spirit which, 
when ci»uferringa favor. si«ems to !»♦• receiving »»ne. 

T am indebted to the memlH-rs of the Legislature who voted to 



PREFACE, 7 

isustain the work. Had it not been for them this volume had possibly 
not been written. 

My thanks are particularly due to the unwearied assistance the 
Anne Arundel delegation gave in securing State aid to this work. 

To the many friends whose interest has encouraged and whose help- 
ful efforts have aided in the preparation of this work, I am gratefully 
indebted, and none the less to those, in many quarters, who were in- 
stant in season and out of season in bringing to the attention of Legis- 
tors, the merits of the proposed work, and in urging upon them the 
propriety of encouraging the publication by a State subscription. 

The author has endeavored to make the work essentially one of 
fact, and to present those facts in the language of those who lived 
this history, or who first chronicled the events to which they were co- 
temporary. He conceives that the plan will convey to the reader a 
better picture of the people and the times of which he wrote than any 
style he might adopt. 

If the halo of a State's glory is brightened by this work ; if any 
service has been rendered the commonwealth; if something valuable has 
been preserved from partial or total destruction by the History of 
Annapolis, the members of the Legislature who voted for chapter 150, 
Acts of 1886, are entitled to a large share of the credit to be accorded 
this volume. Thesa members are: 

In the Senate. 

President Edwin Warfield, Senator from Howard. 

Nicholas Brewer, " '' Anne Arundel. 

William D. Burchinal. " •• Kent. 

Charles T. Claggett. '• '• Prince George. 

K. Johnson Colton, " '' St. Mary's. ^ 

G-riffin W. Goldsborough, " •' Caroline. 

Thomas G. Hayes, " '' " Baltimore City. 

Clinton McCullough. «- - Cecil. 

A. Beall McKaig. '' '' Allegany. 

George Peter, <« .* Montgomery. 

Isidor Rayner, '< " Baltimore Citv. 

Harry W.Rusk. 

C. Bohn Slingluff, " " Baltimore county. 

Theophilus Tunis. " •' Talbot. 

In the House of Delegates. 

Speaker .loseph B. Seth, of Talbot county. 

Francis V. King, '' St. Mary's oountv. 

Charles P. Norris, " ^' 

Lewis C. Justice, Jr.. " Kent. 

John Ireland, •' Anne Arundel. 

E. E. Gott, Jr.. 

M. Tilghman Howard, " •' 

Oeo. N. Potee, '' " 

Francis Gantt, '' Calvert. 



PREFACE, 



John Hiihner, 
William Pole. Sr., 
Joseph S. Baldwin, 
Michael < >*Hani, 
James J. Lindsay. 
F. A. ("Benson, 
Paul Winchester, 
De Wiltoir~Sno wden . 
Fillmore Beall, 
William W. Busteed, 
?Mward C. Legg, 
William l>ndley, 
R. Harris Archer, 
Charles W. Wright, 
John Y. Graham, 
James U. Willing, 
Edward D. Fitzgerald. 
John Rooney, 
Peter J. Campbell, 
Riciiard J. Penn, 
Charles II. Evans, 
C. Do<ld McFarland. 
Patrick Reillv. 
L. W. Gunther, 
Timothy Hayes, 
Charles A. HotTman. 
Lewis Reitz. 
Hariy A. Schultz, 
John E. Durding. 
Heniy C. Seel to. 
Lewis C. McCusker, 
Geo. M. Stnnebraker. 
E. C. Gaskill, 
Albert Holle, 
Samnel H. HolTacker. 
Michael Buckman. 
Elias B. Arnold, 
Annapolis. J»me ^t. 1^^7. 



" Baltimore county. 

" Tal)>ot county. 

" Prince George's county. 

" Queen Anne's county. 



Harford county. 
Caroline county 



Baltimore City. 



' Washingt<m county. 
•' Allegany 

' Carroll 



KLllir S. IclLKV 



CHAPTER 

I. 

II. 

III. 

IV. 

V. 

VI. 

VII. 

VIII. 

IX. 

X. 

XI. 

XII. 

XIII. 

XIV. 

XV. 

XVI. 

XVII. 

XVIII. 

XIX. 

XX. 

XXI. 

XXII. 

XXIII. 
XXIV. 

XXV. 
XXVI. 

XXVII. 

XXVIIT. 

XXIX. 

XXX. 

XXXI. 

XXXII. 



CONTENTS. 

(-.o:) 

PAGE. 

Settlement of Annapolis 1 ' 

Formation of Anne Arundel County '^^' 

The Puritans Refuse to Send Delegates to the 

Legislature of 1651 ^'^ 

The Animosities of the Old World Transplanted ^ 

IN THE XeW 

Providence Sends a Petition to the Commission- 
ers of the Co:mmonwealth ^^ 

Gov. Stone Proclaims the Puritans to be Rebels ^7 

An Indian Treaty Madk on the Severn 2b 

Preparations for War ^ 

The Battle OF THE Severn J'^ 

Quakers and Indians Disturb the Colony 61 

Colonial Life • • • • • ^ 

An Indiscreet Representative from Anne 

Arundel "^^ 

The Courageous Spirit of the Maryland 

Settlers • ,; 2^ 

Providence Changed to ' 'The Town at Proctors o2 

The Impeachment of Major Thomas Truman. . .^ . o4 
Removal of the State Capital from St. Mary's 

TO Annapolis • • • • ^J 

Chronicles of Annapolis from 1694 to 1700 h^ 

First State House in Annapolis ^^ 

St. Anne's Parish fj^ 

King William's School 7/ 

The Second State House in Annapolis..^. bU 

The Atte:*ipt of Richard Clarke, in 1707, to 

Burn Annapolis '• • ' '^J 

Annapolis is Made a City ^'^ 

The Annapolis Delegates Denied Admittance 

TO the House ^2 

The First Newspaper in Maryland 94 

Chronicles of Annapolis from 1707 to 1740 96 

The Second Newspaper Printed in Maryland . . 9 _ 

Annapolis in 1745 1^^~ 

- Annapolis a Century Old -••■ 10b 

Chronicles of Annapolis from 1746 to 177d lOJ 

Customs and Characters of the Capital 122 

The First American Theatre Erected in An- 
napolis 1^" 



10 



COXTKNTS. 



XXXIII. The Stamp Act in Anxafolis 149 

XXXn'. riov. Edex, of Marylaxu. the Last Exglish Gov- 

EUXOR TO Leave THE Revolted Coloxies. . . 102 

XXXV. Shipyards, Rack Courses, axd Ixdiaxs 157 

XXXVL The Third State Iloust: ix Axxapoms IGl 

XXXVIL AxxAPOLis IX THE Declaratiox of 1>depexdexce 164 

XXXVIIL AxxAPoLis DuRixiJ the Revolutioxary War 165 

XXXIX. A Politi(;al Prisoxer ix ax xapolis During the 

Revolution 189 

XL. Annapolis After the Revolution 192 

XL I . Anna polis Wants to be the Capital of the Ukited 

States 198 

XLll. Gexeral Washington Resigns His Military Com- 
mission AT AXXAPOLIS 200 

XIjHL St. Johx's College 208 

XLIV. President Washix(;tox's Visit to Anxapolis^,,.^^ 218 

XLV. Chroxicles of Axxapolis from 1777 to 1810. . 220 

XLVl . The Axciext Regime Disappears 228 

XLVIL William Pixkxev Haxquetted in Annapolis 230 

XLVIIL Anxapclis Durixi, the War of 1812 28H 

XLIX. LaFavette's Visit to Annapolis 238 

L. "Thk Glorious Nineteen" 244 

LL '-Jok M()R(}Ue" 250 

Lll. Chroniclvs of Annapolis from 1810 T(> 1839 253 

lilH. Location OF the Uxited States Naval Academy 

AT Annapolis 264 

Ll\'. A Riot ix Annapolis 26S 

LV. Chronicles of Axxapolis from 1S4.") to 1847 272 

LA'l. A Retrospect of T\V(» Cexturip.s 274 

LVU. A Galaxy of Illustrious Axxapolitaxs 275 

LVIIL Chroxkles of Axxapolis from 1860 to 1861 280 

LL\. Opening OF the Civil War — Annapolis Seizedby 

THE Federal Government 281 

LX. Public Buildings. Churches, and Ancient Land- 
marks 302 

LXL Elections in Annak)Lis During tiiic Civil War. . 310 

LXn. Chronicles of Annapolis from 1863 to 1887 311 

LXlil. A Disastrous AcciDKNT 321 

LXI V. Annapolis of the Present 323 



GOYERiXORS 

— :o : — 

Of the Province and State of Maryland from 

THE First Settlement in 1633 to 1887. 

: () : 

UNDER THE PROPRIETARY GOVERNMENT. 

Leonard Calvert l(Jo:}. John Hart 1715. 

Thomas Greene 1047. Charles Calvert 1720. 

William Stone 1640. Benedict L. Calvert. . . 1727. 

Commissioners ii n d e r Samuel Ogle 1782. 

Parliament l(i-')4. Charles Lord Baltimorel788. 

Josiah Fendall 165S. Samuel Ogle 1785. 

Phili}. Calvert 10(U . Thomas Bladen 1742. 

Charles Calvert 1602. Samuel Ogle 1747. 

Charles Lord Baltimorel67(5. Horatio Sharpo 175B. 

Thomas Notley 1078. Robert >](lcn 1769. 

Charles Lord BaltimorelOSl. 

UNDER THE ROYAL GOVEHNMENT. 

Government seized by Nathaniel Blackiston. . 1699* 

the crown of Endandl689. John Seymour 1704- 

Lyonei Copley. . . .' 1692. John Hart 1714- 

Francis Nicholson 1694. 

PRESIDENT'S OF THE PROVINCE. 

Thomas Tench VO'-l Benjamin T.-^sker 1752. 

Edward Lloyd 1709. 

UNDFR STATE GOVERNMENT. 

Provisional Govern- Elected under Constitu- 

ment 1770. tion of 1851, for four 

Thomas Johnson 1777. years. 

Thomas Sim Lee 1779. Thomas WatkinsLigon.1858. 

William Paca 1782. Thos. Hollidav Hicks .1857. 

William Smallwood. . .1785. Augustus W. Bradford. 1801. 

John Eager Howard. . .1788. Elected under Consti- 

George Plater 1791. tution of 1860, for 

Thomas Sim Lee 1792. four ye<ars. 

John H. Stone 1794. Thos. Swann, of Balto. 

John Henry 1797. City 1865. 

Benjamin Ogle 1798. Elected under Constitu- 

John Frances Mercer. .1801. tion of 1867, for four 

Robert Bowie 1803. years. 

Robert Wright 1806. Oden Bowie 1869. 



12 



GOVERNORS OF MARYLAND. 

Edward Llovd 180<J. Wm. Pinkney White . . 1872. 

Robert Bowie 1811. Resigned March 4, 1874, 

Levin Winder 1812. to take seat as U. S. 

Charles Ridgely, of Senator. 

Hampton 1815. .James Black Groome . . 1874. 

Charles Goldsborough.l8l8. Gov. Groome, elected 

Samnel Sprigg 1810. l)y the Legislature. 

Samuel Stevens, .Ir 1822. .John Lee CartoU. .... .1875. 

•Joseph Kent 1825. Wm. T. Hamilton 1879. 

Daniel Martin 1828. Robert M. McLane. . . .1883. 

Thomas King Carroll.. 1820. Resigned March 27, 

Daniel Martin 18.30. 1885, to take the 

George Howard 1831 . positio n o f U. S. 

James Thomas 1832. Minister to France. 

Thomas W . Veazey ... 1 835. Hen ry Lloyd 1885-7. 

William Grason 1838. On resignation of Gov. 

Elected under the McLane. lly. Lloyd, 

amended Constitution of Maryland, (byvir- 

of 1838, for three years tue of being President, 

William Grason 1838. of the Senate, became 

Francis Thomas 1841. Governor.) and was 

Thomas G. Pratt 1S44. re-elected by the 

Philip F. Thomas 1847. Legislatiir.'. Jrm. 20 

Enoch Louis Lowe 1850. 1886. 



MAYORS 



Of the City of Annapolis Under the Charter 
OF Queen Anne, and Subsequently. 



Amos Garrett 1708. 

Thomas I.arkin 1720. 

Benjamin Tasker 1721. 

Vachel Denton 1722. 

Benjamin Tasker 1726. 

Yachel Denton 1727. 

William llodgers 1745. 

John Ross 1749. 

Benjamin Tasker 1750. 

Michael Macnamara.. .1753. 

Benjamin Tasker 1754. 

John Brice 1755. 

Benjamin Tasker 1756. 

John Bullen 1757. 

John Ross 1758. 

George Stewart 1759. 

Michael Macnamara . . .1760. 

Stephen Bordley 1761. 

John Brice 1762. 

George Stewart 1763. 

Daniel Dulany 1764. 

John Ross 1765. 

Walter Dulany 1766. 

Upton Scott 1767. 

Allen Quynn 1778-9. 

John Brice 1780. 

John Bnllen 1781. 

James Brice. 1782. 

Jeremiah T. Chase 1783. 

Nicholas Carroll 1784. 

Robert Couden 1785. 

Allen Quvnn 1786-7. 

James Brice 1788. 

JohnBiillen 1789. 

Nicholas Carroll 1790. 

Robert Couden 1791. 

Allen Quynn 1792. 

John Bullen 1793. 

James Williams 1794. 



Burton Whetcroft 1807. 

John Kelly 1808. 

Burton Whetcroft 1809. 

John Johnson 1810. 

Nicholas Brewer 1811. 

Gideon White 1812. 

John Randall 1813. 

Nicholas Brewer 1814. 

John Randall 1815. 

Nicholas Brewer 1816. 

John Randall 1817. 

Nicholas Brewer 1818. 

Lewis Duvall 1819-1822. 

James Boyle 1823-4. 

Richard Harwood, of 

Thos 1825-7. 

Dennis Claude. . . .1828-1836. 

John Miller 1837-9. 

Alex. C. Magruder.. 1840-2. 

Richard Swann 1843-4. 

William Bryan 1845. 

Richard Swann 1846-7. 

Richard R. Goodwin.. .1848. 

Abram Claude 1847-50. 

B. T. B. Worthington.1851. 
Richard R. Goodwin. ..1852. 

Dennis Claude 1853. 

Abram Claude 1854. 

N. Brewer, of Nich.. .1855. 

Richard Swan» 1854-7. 

Joshua Brown 1858. 

William Harwood 1859. 

John R. Magruder.. .1860-1. 

J. Wesley White 1862. 

John R. Magruder 1863. 

Solomon Phillips 1864. 

Richard R. Goodwin. ..1865. 

Richard Swann 1866. 

Abram Claude 1867-8. 



14 



MAYORS OF ANNAPOLIS. 



William Piukiiey 1795. 

John Davidson 1800. 

James Williams 1801. 

Allen Quymi 1802. 

Samuel Ridout 1803. 

John Jolmson 1804. 

James Williams 1805. 

Samuel Ridout 1806. 



Augustus G^ssaway. . . 1869. 

JohnT. E. Hyde 1870. 

James Munroe 1871-4. 

Arthur W. Wells.. .1875-6. 
.Tames H. Brown. .. .1877-8. 
Thomas E. Martin. .1879-88. 
Abram Claude 1883-7, 



ANNAPOLIS CITY GOVERNMENT. 

1 8 8*7 . 

Mayor, 
DR. ABRAM CLAUDE. 
Counsellor, 
JAMES REVELL. 
Aldernwn, 
1st Ward, JOHN H. THOMAS, DAVID P4RT,-PTT 
2nd - JOHN B. FLOOD, WM. E BH^P^OK^^^ 

3rd - JULL4N BREWER, GRAFTOxlviUTO 

Clerk, 
ELIHU S. RILEY. 

Treasurer, 

LOUIS H. REHX. 

City Commissioiier, 

EDGAR HUTTOX. 

Market Master, 

MARTIX F. REVELL. 

City Police, 

ARTHUR MARTIX, Chief 

EZEKIEL A. MITCHELL, JAMES W4.TKTX'=! 

C. X. STIXCHCOMB, JOHX R A'pixls. 

ANNAPOLIS VOLUNTEER FIRE DEPART 
MENT. 



Chief Marshal— WAS HIXGTOX D. BASIL. 
Engineer— ROBERT BELLIS. 
Fireman— JAMES D. JOHXSOX. 

Rescue Hose Company. 

Assistant Marshal— FRAXK MYERS. 

Foreman— JOHX H. RAWLIXGS. 

1st Assistant Formeau— J. W. AXDERSOX, 



16 FIRE DEPARTMENT. 

2nd Asst. Foreman— W. T. JEWELL. 
Secretary— A. C. SWEET. 
Treasurer— T. IRVING BAKER. 
Trustees— H. C. BASIL and J. W. WEAVKR. 

Independent Fike Company, No. 2. 



President— F. H. STOCKETT, Jk. 

Vice-President— P. ELWOOD PORTER. 

Secretary— RICHARD H. GREEN. Jk. 

Treasurer— W. D. BASIL. 

Foreman— JULIAN BREWER. 

Asst. Marslial— GRAFTON ^lUNROE. 

WaTEKWITCH H()(JK AND LADDER CuMPANV 

Foreman— JOHN L. BEALL. 
Asst. Foreman— A. M. PARKINGSON. 

1st Marshal— JOHN NASON. 

2na " —JAMES CANNON. 
Recording Secretary— JAMES BURNS. 

Treasurer— THOMAS FADES. 
Annaiioli.s, June 15, 1887. 



HISTORY OF ANNAPOLIS 



CPI AFTER I. 
Thp: Settlement of Anxapoei-s. 

[1608.] The Indians were the first to occupy tlie site of Anmipo- 
lis. The records of their habitation renuihi in the occasional well- 
■shapen arrow and finely-modelled tomahawk that the furrow of the 
farmer upturns in the vicinity, or the showers of heaven wash from 
the earth. 

The white man, who first saw the fair hills of Severn, was the famous 
Captahi John Smith, of Virginia, who. in 11)08, made his celebrated 
voyage up the Chesapeake, and, from his description of his journey, 
passed the mouth of the Severn, and conthiued his travels to the Fa- 
ta psco. 

The settlement of Annapolis was due to events as novel as a ro- 
mancer's imaginings. 

[1048.] A Frotestant governor ruled in Virginia, a Catholic pro- 
prietary reigned in Maryland. That liberality, which professors of a 
similar'faitli might be reasonably expected to exhibit to each other, was 
sadly wanting in the Churchmen of Virginia towards their Furitan 
bretiiren, and", in the year 1G48, the authorities of Virginia, discovering 
that the Congregational or Independent Church, formed in 1042, had. 
by the aid of secret meetings, notwithstandhig the laws against it. 
increased to one hundred and eighteen members, began a rigorous 
execution of their penal statutes against the Furitans. Their conven- 
ticle was broken up, and the members of it were scattered in different 
directions. 

Near the close of the year 1048, the elder of the Indepejidents, 
Mr. Durand, took refuge in Maryland. Negotiations for a settement 
of the Independents xeij soon began, and the persecuted Furitans 
were offered an asylum in Maryland, provided they, who would hold 
land, would take the oath of allegiance to Lord Baltimore. 

This was the oath : 

"I do faithfully and' truly acknowledge the right honoraV)]e Cecd- 
ius, lord baron of Baltimore,"^ to be the true and absolute lord and pro- 
prietary of this provhice and country of Maryland and the islands 
thereunto belonging, and I do swear that I will bear true faith unto 
his lordship and to his heirs as to the true and absolute lords and pro- 
prietaries of the said provhice and islands thereunto belonging, and 
will not at any thne bv words or actions in puV)lic or in private, wit- 
3 ' 



IS ' ' T II E A N G I E X T C I T Y . ' ' 

tinixly or willincrly. to the l>ost of my understanding, any way dero- 
gate from. Ijut will at all times'as occasion shall require, to the ut- 
most of my power defend, and maintain all such his Siiid lordship's 
and his heir's right, title, interest, privilege, royal jurisdiction, pre- 
rogative, proprict;\ry and dominion over and in the said provhice of 
Maryland and islan<ls thereunto l)elonging. and over the people who 
are and shall be tiiereui for tiie time lieing as are granted, or men- 
tioned to Ije granted to his said lordship and his heiis l)y tlie king of 
England in his said lordsiiip's patent of the said province under the 
great seal of England. I do also swear that I will, with all expedi- 
tion, discover to his said lordship, or to his lieutenant, or other cliief 
governor of the said province, for the time being, and also use my 
l)est endeavors to prevent any plot, conspiracy, or combination, which 
I shall know, or havecauseto suspect, is. or shall be. intended against 
the person of his lordsiiip. or which shall tend any ways ro the disin- 
hersion or deprivation of his said lordship's or his said heir's their right 
title, royal jui-jsdiction, and dominion aforesaid, or any any part 
thereof, and I do swear that I will not either by myself,' or by any 
other person, or persons, directly or indirectly take,* accept, receive, 
purcluise, or possess, any lands, tenements, or hereditaments within 
the said province of of .'Maryland, or the islands thereunt-j belonging, 
from any Indian or Indians to any other use. or uses, but to the use 
of his said lonlship and his heirs, or knowingly from any other per- 
son or persons not deriving a legal title thereunto by, fro'in. or under 
some grant from his said lordship or his said heirs legally passed, or 
under his or their great seal of the Siiid province for the "time V)eing. 
So help me God, and by the contents of this book."- 

[1(>4!).] A small company from Richard Bennett's plantation, at 
Xansemond, in all about ten families, was the first to arrive on the 
Severn. At Greenbury's Point tiiey made a settlement — a tract of 
two hundred and fifty acres was surveyed and divided into lots of fif- 
teen acres, each settler receiving one lot, and Bennett securing the 
Imlance. As tlie Puritans came to the Chesjipeake they took posses- 
sion of unoccupied lands, and there was quite speedily a line of planta- 
tions extending from Herring Bay to 3Iagothy river, a distance of 
twenty-five miles. 

George Lynn Lachlin Davis says the town was originally intended 
to l)e erected at Greenbury's Point, and bases his opinion on the fact 
that tlie lots there were spoken of as the "Town Land at Green- 
l)ury*s.'* The events that led to the subsequent seleclion of tlie 
present as the location of tlie town, have not l>ecn preserved. 

Among those wiio Imd land surveyed in or about Annai)olis at this 
period, was Mattiiew Howard, whose lot was surveyed .July :), 1050, 
on "ye south side of Severn river." Then came these allottments: 
For William Grouch, on Dec. 11, ITmO, on "ye south side of Sev- 
ern river," for Thos. Todd, July 8, KJol, "on ye south side of Sev- 
ern river." **This,"saysthepresentRollIW)k,t"ispartof Annapolis 
Town, and part the Libertys begins at ye n. e. point of the town 
and extends along the river to ye first crot-k to ye west and then with 
l)aeklinestoyel)eginning." Nov. 22. 1<>51, LoeustXeck, on the south 
of the Severn, was surveyed for James 1 lorncr. Nov. 22, ITmI, land was 
surveyed for Nicholas \Vyat ; Nov. lo, l(;.~>i.ff.r Richard Acton, near 

* P.. zm.ms -MMiylHinl, vi). 2, v. t)-'i}i. 

t VcJ. 1, p. ••». 



H I S T R Y of A N N A r L I S . 1^ 

Severn river ; Nov. 20, 1651, for Peter Porter, on the south side of Sev- 
ern river ; Xov. 25, 1651, to Thomas Howell, on south side of Severn 
river ; Xov. 20, 1651, for James Warner, near Severn river ; Dec. 4, 
1658, for Thomas Gott, on south side of Severn river, (afterwards 
escheated to the State and bought by William Bladen.) Xov. 3. 1658, 
John Xorwood was given the ti^le to tracts of land on the south side 
of the Severn; Aug. 27, 1659, land was surveyed for Wm. Galloway, 
on the south side of Severn ; Xov. 2, 1659, for John Colier. on south 
side of Severn ; Dec. 16, 1661, for Saml. Ruthers, on south side of 
Severn river, near Howell's creek. 

There were besides these many allottments on South river, one of 
which on Feb, 20, 1661, was of Wardridge, "for James Warner and 
Henry Ridgely, on the north side of South river, possessors of 200a., 
Coll. Henry Eidgely, 200a., ditto for his son Plenry's orphans : 200a. 
for Charles Ridgely." The tomb of a descendant of these Ridgelys 
remains to this day on the same spot, upon which the early Ridgelys 
first settled. 

Thomas Todd's lot is the only one of the early settlers' allottments 
that can be recognized as part of Annapolis. The water front of his 
lot began at a point on the harbor line and ran up to the mouth of 
Spa creek. 

The Puritans, who formed the nucleus of this colony, which was 
destined to rule the province, were with but few exceptions the sturdy 
sons of the English yeomanry. Warrosquoyacke county, or Isle of 
Wight, afterward called Xorfolk county, Virginia, lying'^on the south 
of the James, was the centre of the Puritan district, from whence the 
settlers of Providence came. Edward Bennett, a wealthy London 
merchant, who had obtained in 1621, a large grant of land on the 
Xansemond river, south of the James, when he caine to Virginia, had 
brought with him considerable company of Puritans. Edward Ben- 
nett was their patriarch. Rev. William Bennett, a relative, their spir- 
itual leader, and Richard Bennett, son of Edward, became the Moses 
of the Virginia Puritans when they made their exodus from Virginia 
to Maryland. X 

Descended from this hardy stock of sturdiest English, indoctrinated in 
the tenets of their austere faith, inheritors of trials and persecutions, 
their subsequent rebellious and courageous conduct in Maryland was 
the natural sequence of their blood, religion, and education. 

Soon after their arrival at Providence, Gov. Stone urged upon the 

iritans the oath of allegiance to Lord Baltimore, which he told them 

f they did not take, they must have no land, nor abiding in the 

ovince." 

The Puritans peremptorily refused to take the oath of allegiance, 
haggling especially at the expressions "royal jurisdiction" and "ab- 
solute dominion," which latter "they exceedingly scrupled." They 
objected to the aoth, also, because "they must swear t« uphold that 
government and those officers who were sworn to countenance and up- 
hold anti-Christ — in plain words expressed in the officer's oath — the 
Roman Catholic religion." 

Lord Baltimore's friend, Mr. John Langford, very aptly replied to 
these ^objections that "there Was nothing promised by my lord or Cap- 
tain Stone to them, but what was performed. They were first ac- 

t A Puritan Colony in Maryland, p. 7. 



20 " T H E A X C 1 E N T C 1 T Y . ' ' 

quainted by Captain Stone before tliey came there with tliat oath of 
fidelity, which was to be taken by those who would have any land 
there "from his lordship ; nor had they any regret to the oath, till they 
were as much refreshed with their en'tcrtainment there, as the snake 
in tlie fable was with the countrymairs breast: for which some of 
'them arc equally tiiankful. IJut it is now, it seems, thouirht, by some 
oE these peoj)k'. too much below tiiem t(^ take an oath to theh)rdpro- 
[trietary of that province. thou<rli many Protestants, of much better 
quality, have taken it. and, (which is more than can be hojjcd for some 
of these men,) kept it. As to the government tliere, they knew it 
very well Viefore they came thither; and, if they had not liked it, 
they might have forborne coming or staying there : for they were never 
forced to either. Tiie chief olhcers, under my hn-d there, are Pro- 
testants. The jurisdiction exercised there by them is no other than 
what is warranted by his lordship's patent of that ])rovince, which 
gives jiim the power and j)rivileges of a count i)alatine there. de[)end- 
iiig on tlie supreme authority of ^]ngland. with ])ower to make laws 
with the pco])le's consent ; without which jjowers and privileges his 
lordship would not have undertaken that jilantation. and have l)een 
at so great a charge, and run so many hazards he hath done for it.*' 
-s: -;• -:;;• '.There are none there sworn to uphold anti-Chri«^t, as 3Ir. 
Strong falsely suggests; nor doth the oath of fidelity l)ind any man 
to maintain any other jurisdiction or dominion of my lord's, than 
what is granted by his patent. Though some of these ])eople (it 
seems ) tliink it unfit that my lord should have such a jurisdiction and 
dominion there, yet they, it seems, l)y their arrogant and insolent i)ro- 
ceediugs. thiid< it fit for them to exercise farre morea])solute jurisdic- 
tion and dominion there than my lord Baltimore ever did; nor are 
they contented with fredom for themselves of conscience, j^erson and 
estate, (all of which are established to them by hiw there and enjoyed 
by them hi as amjde manner as ever any people did inany place in the 
world,) unless they may have the liberty to debarr others from the 
like freedom, and that they may domineeranddo wliat they please. " "••"* 
So obstinately did these peojile refuse to comitly with the obliga- 
tions they took to olttain an asylum in ^Mary land, they remained en- 
tirely outside tlie ])ale of lord IJaltiuKUv'sgovenimeut. and obstructed 
the formati(Jii of a county, for a year. 
** Hozman's Maryland, vol. 2, p :37l. 



CHAPTER II. 

Formation of Anne Auindel Cointv. 

[ir)r)0.] The Puritans of Providence by Ai>ril, UioO, had recovered 
PUtViciently from their scruples of conscience to elect delegates to the 
(ieneral AssemVdy, that convened at St. Mary's on the (Itli of that 

month. 



H IS TORYOF Annapolis. 31 

The Governor's return from Providence was, "By the lieutenant, 
&c., of Maryland. The freeman of that part of this province of 
Maryland, now called Providence, being by my appointment duly 
suminoned to this present assembly, did unanimously make choice of 
Mr. Puddington and Mr. James Cox, for their burgesses, I being there 
in person at the time." 

The reconciliation effected by Gov. Stone promised to be perma- 
nent. The House chose Mr. James Cox, of Providence, their speaker,, 
and the Assembly passed the folio whig : — 

"An Act for the erecting of Providence into a county by the name; 
of Annarundell county. 

'*Be it enacted by tlie Lord Proprietary, by and with the assent and 
approbation of the Upper and Lower House of this Assembly, That, 
that part of the Province of Maryland, on the west side of tlic Bay 
of Chessopeack, over against the Isle of Kent, formerly called liy the 
name of Promlence by the inhabitants there residing and inhabiting 
this yeare, shall henceforth be created into a shire, or county, Ijy the 
name of Annarundell county, and by that name hereafter to be ever 
Ciilled." 

It was probably so called from the maiden name of Lady Balti- 
more, then lately deceased. Lady Anne Arundel, the daughter of 
Lord Arundel, of Wardour, whom Cecilius, Lord Balthnore, had mar- 
ried.* 

After the adjournment of the General Assembly, Governor Stone,, 
in July, 1650, visited Providence, and organized it into a county. 
under the name of Anne Arundel. 

A commission was issued by the Governor to "Mr. Edward Lloyd, 
gentleman," appointing him "to be commander of Anne Arundel 
county, until the Lord Proprietary should signify to the contrary." 
James Ilomewood, Thomas Meares, Thomas Marsh, George Pudding- 
ton. Matthew Hawkins, James Merryman, and Henry Catlyn were, 
with Commander Lloyd, appointed commissioners of the county. 

The conmiission of Connnander Lloyd gave him, with the approval 
of the other commissioners, tlie right to issue "warrants and com- 
missions, and for all other matters of judicature, with whom you, 
Commander Lloyd, are to consult in all matters of importance con- 
cerning your said county." 

Commander Lloyd's duties, as by his commission declared, were "to 
call and appohit courts to be kept within and for the said county ; in 
which courts you, the said commander, or your deputy, (being one of 
the said commissioners,) with any three or more, of the said com- 
missioners there present from time to time, to hold pleas, and finally 
to determine all causes and actions whatsoever, civil, happening or 
arising between any of the inhabitants of the said county, of what 
value soever, saving and reserving to all and every, the inhabitants 
of said county and others, liberty of appeal from the county court to 
the provincial court, in any civil cause or action to the value of £20 
sterling or 2,0001b tobacco, and upwards, the party so appealing first 
putthig hi sufficient security to the said county court to be answerable 
for treble damages in case the order of judgment of the said county 
court made in tliat cause, shall happen to be confirmed upon hearing 
])y the provincial court ; and also to hear _^and determine all matters 

* Ridgely's Annals o« Annapolis, p. 37. 



22 * * T H E A X C I E N T C I T Y . ' ' 

criminal, happening and committed in the said ojunty. which may be 
heard by justices of the peace in any county in Enghnd, in their 
courts of session, not extendiufr to life or member, and further to do, 
use, and execute all manner of jurisdiction and authority whatsoever, 
for the conservation of the peace within the said county, as any jus- 
tice of the peace in ^Cnjjland may. or ought to do. by virtue of his 
commission for the peace ; further Hkewise authorizing you the said 
commander, or your deputy, to ek'ct and appoint all nece'ssary officers 
for the execution of justice and conservation of the peace there, with 
allowance of such fees as are usually belong-ing to the same or like 
oiTicers hi Virginia ; and to do all otiier things and acts, which shall 
be necessary f(jr tlie execution of the powers and jurisdiction hereby 
committed to you."t 
Tliis commission was signed by Gov. Stone at Providence, July 30,1G50. 

The day ):»efore the aV)ove was issued, Gov. Stone had given a com- 
mission to the Commander of Anne Arundel authorizing him ''to grant 
warrants for land within the said county to adventurers or planters, 
according to his lordsliip's conditions of plantation, whereupon such 
land shall happen to be due to such adventurers or {danters respec- 
tively." •'The warrants, together with the particular demands or as- 
signment upon which the same slmll be granted, to be entered upon re- 
cord by his lordship's secretary of the said province.'' 

Thougli the jHjlitical storm had cjilmed. all was uot well in the infant 
colony. Tije Indian was still a near neighbor, and though generally 
peaceabh'. his savage nature haddisi»layed itself in the murder of some 
of tlie citizens of the new county in a most cruel and inhuman manner. 

These murderers were supposed to be Susquehainiocks, a powerful 
and war like tribe, who inhabited all that section which extends from 
the Patuxent to the Susquehaima river on the Western Shore, and all 
that i>art that lies between the Choptauk and Susquehanna rivers on 
the IrListern side of the bay. 

To punish the murderers and tiieir abettors, the General Assembly 
of KioO. enacted that '•Whereas, certain Indians these last year have 
most wickedly and barberously murthered an English inhabitant of 
the county of Kent and other mhal)itants likewise since, hi Anne 
Arundel county. Be it therefore ordered, that the Governor, with 
the advice of the council, or the major part of them, shall have power, 
hi case such Indians, who have committed such barberous and wicked 
murders, shall not be sent in, after demand made of them, to the 
government here to receive such punishment as is due for such offence, 
to press men, and to ajjpoint such allowance for their pay. and to 
make war upon the nations of Indians refusing to deliver up those of- 
fenders as aforesaid, as in in his and their best discretion, shall be 
thought fit ; the chargi' of which was to be laid by an equal assess- 
ment on the persons and estates of all the inhabitants of this province." 

Xo account lias come down to us of the result of these preparations, 
although the silence of our records raises the presumption that the 
traditional peace of tlie col Miy with the Indians was also unbrokv^v. ::". 
this case. 

I^Ieanwhih', with the usual activity of Englishmen, the colony 
carried on a l>risk tnuh' with those Indians whose peaceable methods 
led them ui the avenues of luirter and exchange. 

t Bo/man'f* iVl:ir.vl.iMil. v-^l 2. p 40S, 
I'ozaiaii*.- .Mar.vl.Mul. v. 1. L'. p. 401'. 



II I S T O K V O F A N N A P O I, 1 S . 21) 

CI I AFTER HI. 

TiiK PriiiTAN.s ItKFr.sE TO Se.xd Deleuatk.s to the 
LjXiisi^ATriJio or lijol. 

The Puritans who settled at Annapolis, were a restless set with 
itching ears, who seemed never so satisfied as when they %vere in open 
opposirton to the powers tliat were. 

The General Asseniljly of 1650 had modified the oatli of allegiance 
to Lord Baltimore, carefully expunging the objectionable plirases 
••absolute lord" and "royal jurisdiction." In their place was inserted 
"that tliey would defend and maintain all such his lordship's just and 
la^\1:ul right, title, interest, privileges, jurisdictions, })rerogatives, 
propriety, and dominion over and in the said province, &c., not any 
wise understood to infringe or prejudice liberty of conscience in point 
of religion."' 

This, for a time, tranrpiilized the settlers at Providence, l)ut the 
next year, 1051, when they were called upon to send delegates to the 
General Assembly, they perem])torily refused. 

The reason for this refusal has not Ijeen preserved, but it is 
generally thought it was b^ecause the Puritans believed that the pro- 
prietary government would be overthrown l)y Cromwell, who was 
steadily advancing to power. 

Lord Baltimore heard of tlie conduct of the Puritans with just in- 
dignation. Under date of August 20, 1051, he wrote to "William 
Stone, Esq.. liis lieutenant of his said jn-ovince of Maryland, and to 
his right trusty and well-beloved, the Upper and Lower Houses of his 
General Assembly there, and to all other his officers and inhabitants 
of his province," expressing his '•wonder at a message which he under- 
stood was lately sent by one Mr. Lloyd, from some lately seated at Anne 
Arundel within his said province of Maryland to his General Assembly, 
held at St. 3Iary"s in March last, and his unwillingness to impute 
either to the author or deliverer thereof so malign a sense of ingrati- 
tude and other ill-affections as it may seem to bear: conceiving ra- 
ther, tliat it proceeded from some apprehensions in them at the time, 
grounded upon some reports in these parts of a dissolution or resigna- 
tion here, (in England) of his i)atent and right to that province." 
After declaring these rumors to be false and, referring the Puritans 
to Mr. Harrison, their former pastor, who was then in England, for 
the truth of his assertions. Lord Baltimore added, "in consideration 
•of a better compliance from these people with his government there 
ior the future, he should not any further expostulate, or make any 
iurther reflection on that message, till further occasion given him by 
them, and if such admonition did not pi-e vail, then that he w^ould make 
use of his authority, with the assistance of well-affected persons, to 
compel sucli factious and turbulent spirits to a V>etter compliance with 
the lawful government there." He accordingly willed and required 
"his lieutenant to proceed with all such as shall be for the future re- 
factory on that kind ; and in case any of the English inhabitants of 
that province should at any time hereafter refuse or neglect to send 
burgesses to our General Assembly there, being lawfully summoned 
;for that purpose, he wills and requires all the members of the said 
.Assemltly, which sliall lawfully meet upon such summons to proceed, 



24 ' • T H E A N (J I E N T City."' 

as thoy oii^^ht. as they may lawfully do. in all business helonging to 
the (Toueral Assembly there, notwithstanding any sueli refusal, or 
neglect as aforesjiid. and to fine all such refusers or neglectors accord- 
ing to their demerits ; and moreover, in case of their ])ersistency in 
sucli refusiil or negh'ct. then, that they l»e declared enemies to the 
public peace of tlie province, and rebels to the lawful government 
tliereof. and l)e proceeded against accordingly."*" 

Tile conduct of these Puritans was especially ungrateful, sii^ce, re- 
ceived by Lord Baltimore when j»rofessors of the Protestant relig- 
ion had refused theindomicil. their asylum in Maryland had cost Lord 
Baltimore the enmity of Charles II. then in exik' upon the continent. 
So great was the displeasure of tiie young king, tliat Lord Balti- 
more had given the Puritans a settlenu'ut in Maryland, that he, the 
natui-al friend of the proprietary, in spite of Jjord Baltimore's un- 
dou])te(l right to name his lieutenant in tiie province, ajijiointed Sir 
William Davenant, Governor of Maryland, alleging in the commission 
that Davenant was so appointed "because the Ijord Baltimore did 
visibly adhere to the re])els in England, and admitted all kinds of sec- 
taries and schismatics, and ill-affected persons in that province. "f 

" Hozmjtn's Msiiyland, vol. L', p. llti. 
t Mime p. 410. 



CHAPTER IV. 

TiiK Ammositiksof the Old VVobM.D Tkansit. anted 
IN THE New. 

[I(l41i.] In 1(54!J. when Charles 1 was executed. Thomas Greene, 
who was acting Governor during the absence of Governor Stone, 
caused the Prince of Wales to l»e itroclaimed in Mai-yland as the "un- 
doubted, rightful heir to all his father's dominions."' This i)roclama- 
tion was issued on the 15th of November, and on the same day an- 
other was published "to further the common rejoicing of the inhal)i- 
tants upon that occasion," declaring a general pardon to all the in- 
habitants of the province, who had connuitted any criminal offence.* 

This proclamation and tiie general rejoicing were not in consonance 
with the sentiments of the Puritan adventurers on tiie banks of the 
Severn, and this latent feeling was exhil)ited in their n'fusal to send 
delegates to the Genenil Assemlily. and. a little later, a more forcible 
proof of their political animositii's was given. 

The cause of the commonwealth triumphant in Enghuid. Cromwell 
turned his attention to the American plantations, and commissioners 
were sent out to take p(»ssession of all that were unfavorable to the 
Protector. ^Maryland was not named in the Act of Parliament, but 
Lord Baltimore's enemies contrived to have that c<»lony mentioned in 
the instructions to the commissioners. 

* KideKly'8 AiitiHl- nf Aiim<poli«, •.. MS. 



II I S r O K Y O F A N N A P O LIS. 25 

Richard Bennett and the notorions William Claiborne, who had 
^•iven so nuieh trouble to the infant colony of Maryland, were two of 
the commissioners. 

[1G53.] In March, 1G52, at the head of an armed force, the com- 
missioners entered Maryland. They proposed to Governor Stone and 
the conncil of the province, "that they should all remain in their 
places, confornnng themselves to the laws of the commonwcfilth of 
En^2:land m point of government oidy. and not infringhig the Lord 
Baltimore's just rights." Governor Stone and the balance of Lord 
Baltimore's officers of government "declared that they did in all hu- 
mility suV)mit themselves to the government of the commonwealth of 
England, in chief e under God." 

From the proposition, however, to issue writs m the name of the 
commonwealth instead of Lord Baltimore, Gov. Stone and his coun- 
sellors "desired to be excused, because they did conceive the parliament 
intended not to divest the Lord Baltimore of his right in his province, 
and that they understood out of England, tliat the Council of State 
intended not, that any alteration should be made in 3Iaryland ; that 
the King's name was never used heretofore in said writs, but that they 
had always been in the name of the lord proprietary, according to the 
privileges of his patent ever since the beginnhig of that plantation." 

"Whereupon," says Mr. John Langford, "the said commissioners 
demanded of Captain Stone the Lord Baltimore commission to him ; 
which he showed them ; and, then without any other cause at all, they 
detahied it, and removed him and his lordship's other officers out of 
their employment in the provhice under him, and appointed others to 
manage the government of Maryland, independent of his lordship." 

Bennett and Claiborne ordered "that all writs, warrants, and process 
whatsoever, be issued forth in the name of tiie keepers of the lil;)erty 
of England ; and that they be signed under the hand of one or more 
of the council hereafter named, viz : — Rol)ert Brooke, Esq., Col. 
Francis Yardley, Mr. Job Chandler, Captain E^dward Windham, Mr. 
Richard Preston, and Lieutenant Richard Banks." 

The new council, or any two or more of its members, was empow- 
ered to hold courts, and to direct and govern the affairs of the province. 

Thus the disaster, that Lord Baltimore, by his personal intercession 
with parliament, had been able to ward off in the legislative branch, 
was consummated by his enemies through the executive power of the 
Council of State. 

Maryland reduced to subjection, the commissioners returned to 
Virginia, where Bennett was made Governor, and Claiborne, Secre- 
tary of State. 

Handsomely provided for in Virginia, the connnissioners visited Mary- 
land to rivet more firmly their hold upon it. Discovering that Gov- 
ernor Stone was exceedhigly popular with the people, as well as affable 
to the commissioners, Bennett and Claiborne resolved to make him 
Governor once more. In order to justify their actions in ousting him 
at their previous visit, they declared, in their proclamation restoring 
Governor Stone to his office, and Mr. Hatton as Secretary of State. 
that these were left out of office "upon some misapprehension or mis- 
understanding, as they alleged, in that particular of issuing out writs 
and all other process whatever, in the name of the liberties of Eng- 
land by authority of parliament," that Captain Stone was "contented 



20 ' ' T H t A N C i E -\ T (.' I T V . ■ ■ 

to ■reussuine his former place." on condition that he niiglit ''reserve 
and save to himself, as also to the aforesaid Mr. Tliomas Hatton, 
lloberr lirouke, Esq.. and Captain John Price, their oaths made to the 
Lord Baltimore, lord proprietor of this province, until the pleasure of 
the State of England Ije further kno\vn.''t 

The proclamation bore dale of June 2Sth, 10-j2. 
t Bozmun's Maryland, vol. 2, p. 447. 



CHAPTER V. 

PiioviDENCE Sends a Petitkjxto thi^Commi.s.^ioneks 

OF THE Commonwealth. 

[IGo:].] Wliilst Maryland was made a shuttle-cock in the hands ot 
opposing forces, the Puritans of Severn addressed a jietition — 

'•To Honorable, Kichard Bennett and Col. William Claiborne, 
Esqrs.. Commissioners of the Commonwealth of England for Virginia 
and Maryland." It was styled: "The Humble Petition of the Com- 
missioners and Inhalntants of Severne, alias Ann Arundel county, 
sheweth." It read: '"That whei-eas, we were invited and encouraged 
by Cai>tain Stone, the Lcjrd Baltimore's Governor of Maryland, to 
remove ourselves and estates into his province, with promise of enjoy- 
ing the liberty of consciences in matter of religion, and all other 
privileges of ICnglish snl)jects. And your petitioners did upon this 
ground, with great cost, labor, and danger, remove ourselves, and 
have lieen at great ciiarges in building and clearing: Xow the Lord 
Baltimore imposeth an oath upon us by i)roclamatioii, which he re- 
(piireth his Lieutenant forthwitli to publish; whicli, if we do not take 
within three months after publication, all our lands are to be seized 
for his lordship's use. This oath we conceive not agreeable to the 
.terms on which we came hither, nor to the liberty of our consciences 
as Christians and free subjects of the Connnonwealth of England: 
Neither can we be persuaded in our consciences by any light of God, 
or engagement upon us, to such an oath; but rather liumbly conceive 
it to be a very real grievance and such an o[)pression as Ave are not 
aV)le to bear; neithc: b we see by what lawful power such an oath, 
with sucli extreme ^-^ei'^ *\escan by his Lordship be exacted of us who 
are free sal)jects of the Commonwealth of England, and have taken 
the Engagement to them. We have complained of this grievance to 
the late Honorable Coui;cel of Stiite, in a petition subscribed by us, 
which never received an answer, such as might clear the lawfulness 
of such, his proceedingo with us, but an aspersion cast upon us of 
being factious fellows ; neither have we received any conviction of our 
error in not taking the Siiid oath, nor order by that power, before 
when; our petition is still dependic-, to take it hereafter; neither can 
we believe that the Connnonwealcn of England will ever expose us to 
fiuch a manifest and real bondage (who assert themselves, the main- 



li I S T R Y F A X N A P L I S . 27 

tamers of the lawful liberties of the subject,) as to make us swear 
absolute sul)jection to a Government, where the Ministers of State are 
bound by oath to countenance and defend the Koman Popish Relio-ion, 
which we apprehend to be contrary to the Fundamental Law oE Eng- 
land, the covenant taken in the tliree Kingdoms, and the conscience 
of true English, subjects and doth carry on an arbitrary power, so as 
whatever is done by the people at great costs in assemblies, for the 
good of the people, is lialjle to be made null by the negative voice of 
his Lordship. But affirmative propositions and commands are in- 
cessantly urged, and must not be denied. 

'"In Consideration, whereof, we humbly tender our Condition and 
Distraction, upon this occasion, falling upon the hearts of the people, 
to your view iind consideration, intreating your honors to relieve us 
according to rlie Cause and Power wherewith you are entrusted by the 
Connnonwealth of England. We rather, because upon such an exi- 
gent at this, we have none to flie to but yourselves, the Honorable 
Commissioners of the Commonwealth of England; not doubting but 
God will direct you into what his mind and will is in this matter con- 
cerning us. and that you will faithfully apply yourselves to our redress 
in what is just and our lawful liberty, which is the ]3rayer of your 
poor petitioners. Severn River, the od of January, 1053/ '"■••' 

This petition was signed by Edward Lloyd and seventy-seven 
others of the housekeepers, freemen, and inhabitants of Severn. 

The people of north Patuxent sent a similar petition under date of 
March 1st. 10o3. This was signed by Richard Preston and sixty 
others. On 3Iarch 12, 1053, Bennett and Clarborne returned an en- 
couraging answer to the petitions from Severn and Patuxent, in 
which reply they counselled that the settlers • "continue in your due 
obedience to the Commonwealth of England, in such manner as you, 
and they, were then ap|iointed and engaged: and not to be drawn 
aside from tlie same upon any pretence of such uncertain relations as 
we hear are divulged among you. To which we expect your real con- 
formity, as you will answer the contrary: notwithstanding tiny 
pretence of power from Lord Baltimore's Agents, orany other whatso- 
ever to the contrary." " * 

* Force'-x Ti-iicts, vol. 2, ch. ix. p, -28. 



CHAPTER VI. 

Gov. Stone Proclaims THE PuEiTANS to be Eebels. 



[1G54.] Information of Cromwell's elevation to the protectorate 
been received Governor Stone proclaimed him protector on 



iiavin^ 



the 6th of June, 1654. The same year, on the 4th of July, Governor 
Stone, in public proclamation, charged the commissioners, Bennett 
and Claiborne, and the whole Puritan party, mostly of Anne Arundel, 
with "drawing away the people, and leading them into faction, sedi- 
tion, and rebellion against the Lord Baltimore." 



2^ ' ' T n E A X c I E N T City."" 

Tliis proelamal ion is not now extant, V)ut Mr. Leonard Strong, a 
Puritan writer and a U^adinj; citizen of Providence, contemporaneous 
with the docunient. says that the paper called "that which was done 
l)y coinniissiou from tli'c Council of State inP]n<i^land, rebellion against 
the Jjord lialtimore; and those, that were actors in it. factious and 
seditious persons, wliicli was done by a proclamation full of railing 
terms, i)ul)lished at Providence in the church meeting.*'* 

Bennett and Claiborne promptly returned to ^laryland. Eleven 
days from the date of Gov. Stone's proclamation, "tliey applied them- 
selves to Cajttain William Stone, f the Governor, and Council of Mary- 
land,"" "in a peacealde and loving way to persuade them into their 
due and prouiised obedience to tlie commonwealth of England."'! 

The C(»mmissioners, in their [)ublished statement of the occurrence, 
leclared that (lovernor and Council, "returning only opproVnous and 
uncivil languag(\ presently mustered his whole power of "ueu and sol- 
diers in arms, intending to suri)rise the said commissioners, and (as 
oould l)e imagined) to destroy all those tliat had refused the said 
unlawful oath, and oidy kept theuiselves in their due obedience to the 
commonwealtli of England under whicii tliey were reduced and set- 
tled by the parliament's authority aiul connnission. Then the said 
commissiouers. in cpiiet and peaceal)le manner, with some of the people 
of Patuxeut and Severn went over the river of Patuxent, and there at 
length received a message from the said captain Stone, that the next 
day he would meet and treat in the woods; and thereupon being in 
some fear of a party come froiti Virginia, he condescended to lay down 
his power, lately assumed from the lord Baltimore and to submit, (as 
he had once before done) to such government as the commissioners 
should api)oint under his highness the lord protector." 

* liozinaii's IMiuylund, vol. •_', p. f.Ol. 
tJ^tiiietneiit of the Cotnrni>^8ioiier>. 
+ Ijeor.ard Strong. 



CHAPTER VII. 

An Indian Tkp:atv Made on thi-: Severn. 

[l()r)2.] The dissensions of the Maryland colonists did not lu-ovent 
them from looking to the peace of State with the Indians. 

The Crovernor and C<mncil, sitting as a court, on the 28th of June, 
1<>.')2. Wm. Stone, Governor. Thomas Ilatton, Secretary, and Robert 
Brooke, CVd. Francis Vardley. Job Chandler, and Richard Preston, 
members, being present, passed the following: 

"Whereas, this court is informed, that the Susquehanna Indians 
have a long time desired, and much pressed for the conclusion of a 
peace with the government and inhabitants of this province, which as 
is now conceived, may tend very much to the Siifety ami advantage 
of the inhabitants here, if advisedly effected : It is, therefore, ordered,. 



History ofAxn A poLis. 39 

ciud the court doth hereby give full power and authority unto Richard 
Bennett, Esq., Mr. Edwai-d Lloyd, Captain William Fuller, Mr. 
Thomas Marsh and Mr. Leonard Strong, or and three or more of them 
whereof the said Richard Bennett, Esqr., to be one, at such time and 
place as they may think convenient, to consult and treat with the said 
Susquelianna Indians, and by the use of all lawful and fitting means, 
(if they can,) to conclude a league and peace, on the behalf' of this 
government and the inhabitants thereof, with the said Susquehanna 
Indians, so as the peace, safety, and advantage of the inhabitants 
here may be, (so far as in them lies,) thereby advanced, settled, and 
preserved." 

All of the jiersons named as commissioners were, with the exception 
of Richard Bennett, inhabitants of Providence.* The commissioners 
proceeded at once to their work. On the fifth of July following, a 
treaty of peace was concluded with the Susquehannas, "at the River 
of Severn, in the Province of Maryland." 

It is not difficult to picture the canoe of the formidable Susquehan- 
nas, decked with feathers and paint, armed with bow and tomahawk, 
dashing with daring skillfulness from Greenbury's to Sycamore point, 
and thence to Windmill, and out again to the offing, and fading in thw 
dim sunset up the Chesapeake before the steady gaze of the sturdy 
Puritans, nor the ripple of excitement that moved the little settle- 
ment when these formidable" savages appeared in its midst. 

The following is an exact copy of the treaty made on' the Severn, 
and the quaint style of expression and homely phrases cast a ruddy 
glare of information upon the environs of the early -inhabitants 
of the capital : 

'•Articles of peace and friendship treated and agreed upon the 5th 
day of July, 1052, between the English nation in the province of 
Maryland on the one party, and the Indian nation of Sasquesahanogh 
•on the other parties, as followeth : 

"Istly. That the English nation shall have, hould, and enjoy to 
them, tlieir heires, and assigns for ever, all the land lying from 'Pa- 
tuxent river unto Palmer's island on the western side of the bay of 
Chesa])eake, and from Choptank river to the northeast branch, which 
lyes to the northward of Elke river on the eastern side of the said bay, 

with all the islands, rivers, creeks, f fish, fowl, dear, elk. and 

whatsoever else to the same belonging, excepting the isle of Kent and 
Palmer's island, which belong to Captain Claiborne. But, neverthe- 
less, it shall be lawful for the aforesaid English or Indians to build a 
house or fort for trade or any such like use or occasion at any tyme 
upon Palmer's island. 

*'2dly. That if any damage or injury be done on either side at any 
tyme hereafter, either by the English or Indians aforesaid, or by any 
other allies, confederates, tributaries, or servants, that reparation be 
made and satisfaction given from each other from tyme to tyme as the 
case re(piires, and as in reason should be done between those that are 
friends, and that desire soe to continue. 

"odly. That if any the people or servants belonging to the Eng- 
lish or to the Indians shall goe away or run away from either side, they 
shall not be concealed, or kept away from each other. But shall, with ail 
* Now Annapoli.-. 
t -A. word not legible in the record. 



30 * ' T II E Ancient City.'' 

convenient si)ceclc, be returned back, and brought home. And satis- 
faction to be made in a reatJonable way for transportation by hmd or 
water to those that bring them in. 

"•4tlily. That, upon any occasion of Vmsiness to the English, or any 
message or tiie Hke, the Indians shall come by water and not hy land. 
That tliere siiall not be above eight or ten at* the most at one tyme. 
And that they bring with them the token given them l>y tlie English 
for that })nrpose, Ijy which they may be known and entertained. As 
also that the English on their i)artes, when they send to the Indians 
the messenger shall carry tlie token which wee have received from them. 

"othly. And lastly, these articles and every particular of them 
shall be really and invioaldy observed, kei»t, and performed by tlie two 
nations, before named, and by all the people lielonging to them, or 
that are in amity with them, for ever to the end of the world. And 
that all former injuries 'oeing buried, and forgotten from hencefor- 
ward, tlicy doe {)romisc and agree to walke together and carry one 
towards another in all tilings as friends, and to assist one another ac- 
cordingly. But if it so happen at any tyme hereafter that either party 
is weary of the peace, and intends war, tlien that the same shall be 
signified and mode knowne each to other by sending in. an«l deliver- 
ing up his writing before any Act of hostility or enmity be done or at- 
tem})ted, and that twenty days warning thereof be given l^eforehand. 

''These several articles were solemnly and mutually del >ated and con- 
cluded at the river of Severne, inthe])rovinceof Maryland. V>y Richard 
Bennett, Esquire, Mr. Edward Lloyde, Capn. WiUiani Fuller. Mr. 
Thomas ]Marsh, and Mr. Leonard Strong, commissioners, authorized 
and appointed by the governor and councell of the aforesaid province. 
And by Sawahegeh, treasurer, Auroghtaregh, Scarhuhadigh, Ruth- 
chogah, and Xathheldianeh, warr captaines and couneilloi"S of Sas- 
quehanogh, commissionors, ai)p<»inted and sent for that purpose by the 
nation and stiite of Sas'piehanogli. An were fully ratitied, done, and 
confirmed by several presents, gifts, and tokens of friendship mutually 
given, received, and accepted on both sides. In witness whereof the 
afores;iid oounnissioncrs, in l)elialf of the aforesiiid nation have here- 
unto sett their hands and scales the day and the yeare above written. 

'•Ri. Bennett— Ivhv. Lloyd— Tlios. 3Iar<h— Will. Fuller,— Leo. 
Strong. Locus 

The mark ot ^ X 

Sawahegeh SigillL. 

Tlie mark of -< 

Aureghtaregh." 

Tlie mark of F Rnthcho:::ah. 

V 

The mark of | 

A Scarhuhadigh. 

The mark of WW Nathheldianeh. 

Locus 

William Lawson, X 

Sigilli. 

■Tafer Peter — for the Swcades's Governors Witnos«."]: 

t Council Procee<ling-, Lib. II. H., p. (J2. 



History of Annapolis. 3* 

CHAPTER VIII. 
Peeparatioxs for War. 

[lGo4.] Frequent and violent changes in the govcrnincnt of tlic 
province had their legitimate sequence. 

On the last reducement of the Maryland government by Bennett and 
Claiborne, July 15, 16.54, they had appointed. Captain William Fuller, 
Mr. Ricliard PVeston, Mr. William Durand, ]Mr. Edward Lloyd, Cap- 
tahi John Smith. Mr. Leonard Strong, John Lawson, Mr. John Hatch, 
Mr. Richard Wells, and Mr. Richard Ewen, or any four of them, 
whereof Captain William Fuller, Mr. Richard Preston, or Mr. Wil- 
liam Durand, to ])e always one, to be commissioners for the well- 
ordering, directing, and governing the affairs of Maryland, under his 
highness, the lord'protector of England, Scotland, Ireland, and the 
dominions thereof , and in his name only, and no other."' The com- 
mission gave authority to hold courts, to summon an a^^einbly, and 
prohibited Roman Catholics from voting. 

The names in, and spirit of, the commission, bear evidence that the 
majority of the commissioners were Puritans of Providence and its 
adjacent settlements. 

Captain Fuller and his associates summoned a Legislature, and it 
began its sessions at Patuxent, October 20th, 1654, the assembly sit- 
ting as one house. The most remarkable law of this Legislature was 
the one that "enacted and declared that none who profess and exercise 
the Popish (commonly called the Roman Catholic) religion can be ^ 
protected in this province by the laws of England formerly established / 
and yet unrepealed I"' 

Never had the fable of the camel who asked to put his nose in the 
Arab's tent and who finally turned the owner out, been more com- 
pletely realized than it was with the Puritans and Catholics of Mary- 
land. Stringent laws were passed by the same assembly against 
drunkenness, swearing, false reports, slandering, and tale bearing, 
violations of the Sabbath, and acts of adultery and fornication. 

An act was also passed changing the name of Anne Arundel county 
to tlie County of Providence, and prescribing the bounds thereof to be 
Herring-Creek, inclurling all the plantations and lands unto the 
]?ounds of Patuxent county, (supposed to be the present Calvert,) that 
is, to a creek called ••Mr. Marshe's Creek, otherwise called Oyster 
Creek." 

[1055.] All was peace in the province until January, 1655, when 
the ship Golden Fortitne, Capt. Tilman, arrived in Maryland. On_ it 
came a gentleman named Eltonhead, who brought the information 
•'that the lord Baltimore kept his patent and that his highness, (the 
lord protector,) had neither taken the lord Baltimore's patent from 
him, nor his land." 

By the same ship, it appears, came a letter from lord Baltimore up- 
braiding Gov. Stone for "resigning up his government unto the hands 
of the lord protector and commonwealth of England, without striking 
one stroke." 

Gov. Stone needed no more encouragement to act. He re-asstimed 
the duties of Governor itnder his former commission, and determined 



;J2 "The A x c i e n t C i t v . ' ' 

to make a iiianly strugorle to obtain possession of the governnK'nt of the 
province. lie proceeded immediately to issue military commissions 
to officers, and t»> ori^anize an armed force in the li)yal C(>unty of St. 
Mary's. 

Which of the two sides. Lord Baltimore's or the Commissioners'. 
Cromwell sustained isditlicult t > tell, in view of two letters on tiie sub- 
ject one written January 12th. IO.m. and the other September 2flth. 
which are palpable conti-adictions of each other. 

But this conflict of riijrlits liad i^one so far. war, and not words, 
could only decide it. 

The overt act was connnitted by Gov. Stone, who dcsjiatched 
Mr. John Hammond to recover the records of the jirovince and 
t(j Seize a macrazine of arms and annnunition. leathered at 
Mr. Richard Preston's house at Patuxent. and l)elonjjin,ix to the 
Puritans. 

Mr. Hammond sjiys : "I went uwarmed amonirst the Sons of 
Thunder, only three or four to row me, and despite all their 
braves of raisintr the country, callinfj in his servants to appre- 
liend me. threatened mv with the sev(>rity of their new made 
law, myself alone seizt'd. and i-an-ied away thi- Uecoids in de- 
fiance." 

The Puritan account of these proeeedini^s is(piaint. ]\[r. Leonard 
Stront,' wrote : "Then (that is on the arrival of the news by the (iol- 
de/i Foi'tnne,) the Lord Ualtimore's othcei-s, and the j)opish j)ai'ty be- 
gan to divulge abroad, and boast mucli of jiower, wliieli came in tliat 
ship from his highness, the lord j)r(Hector, to confirm the Lord Balti- 
more's patent to liim, and to re-establish his officers in their former 
jdaces under iiim ; which pretended power they assmned to themselves ; 
Captain Stone and tlie rest giving out threatening speeches. That 
now the rel)els at Patuxent and Severne should know that he was 
governor again : giving order. That neither Act of the sjud Assembly 
should V>e observed, nor writ from the power estaUished l)y the com- 
missioners aforesaid obeyed," — (to wit, writs in the name' of Cajitain 
Fuller and others, to whom Bennett and Clail»orne liad connnitted tlie 
powers of government, as beiore cited.) **but what should issue forth 
in the name of the lord proprietary, viz., h)rd Baltimore. And further, 
the said Captain Stone gave several commissions to the papists and 
other desperate and bloody fellows, to muster and raise men in arms 
to be ready upon all occasions, giving out that he would go to Pa- 
tux'Ut, and si-ize the records of the province at the place where 
they WL-re ajtpointed to W kejit by an Aet of the Assembly, and 
to ai)i»rehend Mr, Richard Preston also, at whost- house thev 
were ; which shortly was t'lfected by virtue of a warrant in Cajitaili 
Stone's name, without proclaiming, or shewing and jiower by which 
he acted such high rol)bers, But in threatening speeches declared, 
that they would luive the government: and for tiie terror of others, 
would liang some of the commissioners, wliich were entrusted with 
the i;overnment by the commissioiu'i-s of the conmnnonwealth 
of Enirland, under liis lughness. tlie lord protector, namelv. Cap- 
tain Williai'i 1-^iller. Mr/ liicliard Prest-.n. and Mr. William Du- 
mud." 



History of Annapolis. 3o' 

CHAPTER IX. 
The Battj.e of the Severx. 

[1035.] About the 20th of March, 1055, Gov. Stone started fruiii 
St. Mary's to briii2: the miruly Puritans of Providence into subjection 
to Lord Baltimore's g-overnment. The forces of the Governor con- 
sisted of 130 men. Part of these inarched by land up the southern 
peninsula, and were ferried across the mouths of rivers and creeks in 
eleven or twelve small boats which the Governor had pressed into his 
service. 

Advised of the advance of Gov. Stone's forces, the Puritans sent 
messengers to meet the Governor, whom they found near Herring 
Bay,* ill Anne Arundel. 

Roger Heameans who took part in the engagement that followed, 
says : 

"A message having been sent to demand his power and the ground 
of such his proceedings. 

''The second message to him being such low terms, that those that 
sent it were grieved at their hearts that ever it went out of their 
hands; which was as followeth : 

"For Captain William Stone, Esq.: 

"Sir : — The people of these parts have met together, and considered 
the present transactions on your part, and have not a little marvelled 
that no other answer of the last message hath been made, than what 
tendred rather to make men desperate than conformable; yet being 
desirous of peace, do once again present to your serious consideration 
these ensuing proposals, as the mind of the people : 

"1. If you will govern us so as we may enjoy the liberty of Eng- 
glish subjects. 

"2. And that we be,- and remain indempnified in respect of our 
engagement, and all former acts relating to the reducement and 
government. 

"3. That those who are minded to depart the province, may freely 
do it without any prejudice to themselves or estate; we are content to 
own yourself as governor, and submit to your government. If not, 
we are resolved to commit ourselves into the hands of God, and rather 
die like men, than be made slaves. 

Will. Durand, Secretary. 

"But no answer to this was returned, but the same paper in scorn 
sent back again." 

These pacific offers were carried by six men in a boat. The pro- 
posals of peace were not only rejected, but the messengers were seized 
as captives of war. Three of them, however, contrived to escape, and 
took back to Providence the story of their treatment, and the intentions 
of Captain Stone upon the settlement. 

On the rejection of their offer of peace, the Puritans prepared to 
put in execution their resolve "to die like men, rather than be made 
slaves." 

Gov. Stone, in the meanwhile, behaved himself in a fustian style 
at Herring Bay, seizing one of the commissioners of State, and forcing 
* Then called iletiiag Creek. 
3 



8-i ' • 'P II E A N C I E N T I T Y . ' ' 

"another of quality to fly for his life, having threatened to hang him 
up to his own door; and not finding the man, affrighted his wife, and 
plundered tlie house of animnnition and provision, threatening still 
what tliey would do to the people at Prondence. and that they would 
lorce the rebellious, factious Roundheads to suhniit. and tlien they 
would show their power. "^•" 

(jov. Stone, moving nearer to Annapolis, sent forward Dr. Luke 
Uarht-r with a proclamation which is not extant. Dr. Barber, ui de- 
seril)ing his envoyage to (,'romwell, says that "in the end of this de- 
claration the governor did protest, as in the presence of Almighty 
(xod. that he came not in a hostile way to do them any hurt, but 
sought by all means possible, to reclaim them by faire meanes: and to 
my knowledge at the sending out of parties, (as occasion served,) he 
gave strict conunand. tluit if they met any of the Ann Arundel men, 
r.hey should not fire the first gun. nor upon paine of death plunder 
any. These were his actings to my knowledge upon the march.*' 

\Vhilst these messages were passing between the opposing forces, the 
men of St. Mary's were rapidly closing the gap between them and 
Providence. 

Dr. Barber and his companion. ]Mr. Coursey. were permitted to read 
the document they brought from Gov. Stone, "but having no other 
treaty to offer, they were cpiietly dismissed t:) their own company," 
to whom it seems they did not return. Mr. Packer, fromirov. St<me, 
the next day followed Dr. Barlier. Aft<er Mr. Packer, came 'Sir. Cour- 
sey, presumably on the same errand. Xone of thein returned to Gov. 
Stone, who, left in ignorance as to the intentions of the Puritans, 
pushed on to the Severn, at the mouth of which, on the 24th of March 
he arrived "about the shutthig of the eve,'" "with eleven or twelve 
v(\ssels, greater and lesser, in which their whole army was wafted.'*! 

On the appearance of Gov. Stone and his fleet at tlie mouth of the 
Severn. Capt. Fuller, the commander of the Puritans, called his 
councillors together, and sent liis secretary. INIr. William Durand. and 
another of his councillors, on board the iiu>rchant ship. Golden Lyon, 
lloger lleamans. captain, then lying in the harbor. There they made 
a requisition upon the captain for the services of himself, his ship, 
and his crew, in defence of the town. Durand, at the same time, 
posted on tiie mainmast a proclamation by which lleamans "was re- 
• [uired, in the name of the Lord Protector and commonwealth of 
Kngland, and for tlie maintenance of tlie just lii)ertics, lives, and 
estates of the free subjects thereof, against an unjust jtower, to be 
aiding and assisting in this service." lleamans manifested a r^al 
or fictitious unwillingness to take part'in the engagement, but Siiys, 
"after seeing the equity of the cause, and the groundless proceedings of 
the enemy, he offered liimsolf, ship, and men, for that service, to be 
directed by the sjiid councillors." Dr. Barber, a partizan of Gov. 
Stone says, lleamans was hired by the Puritans to take the part he 
afterward played. 

lleamans reLites that, on seeing the "company of sloops and boats 
making towai'ds the ship, the council on board, and tlie ship's com- 
l)any, woidd have made shot at them, but this relator r*ommanded 
them to forbear, and went himself upon the poop in the stern of the 
s!iip, and hailed them several times, and no answer was made. He 

• I'.ozm.tiv^ Miiiylaiiil, v.'l. 2. v. o2i). 

f Boz'niirs .MiUj'liiiiti, v.,1. 2, i>. .^2.'. 



II I S T O R Y F A X N A P L I S . 35 

then charged them not to come nearer the ship, but the enemy kept 
rowing on their waj^and wore come within shot of the ship; his mates 
and company having had information of their threatenings, as well 
against the ship as the poor distressed people, resolved to fire upon 
them without their commander's consent, rather than hazard all by 
the enemy's nearer approach, whereupon he ordered them to fire a 
gun at random to divert their course from the ship, but the enemy 
kept still course right with the ship, and took no notice of any warn- 
ing given. He then commanded his gunner to fire at them, but one 
of his mates, Mr. Robert Morris, who knew the country very well, 
the malice of the adversary against these people who were then near 
worn out with fears and watchings, made shot at them, which came 
fairly with them: whereupon they suddenly altered their course from 
the ship, and rowed into the creek, calling the ship's company rogues, 
round-lieaded rogues, and dogs, and vnth many execrations and rail- 
ing, threatened to fire them on the morning.'" 

Gov. Stone entered the mouth of Spa Creek, which forms the 
southern boimdary of the present city of Annapolis, and landed his forces 
on Horn point, a peninsula opposite Annapolis, and south of .Spa Creek. 

Whilst the Governor was landing his men, Capt. Heamans fired 
another shot at them. "The shot thereof lighting somewhat near to 
them, the Governor deemed it most prudent to send a messenger on 
board the Golden Lyon to know the reason of their conduct, with 
directions to the messenger to inform the captain of the ship, that he 
(Gov. Stone) thought 'the captain of the ship had been satisfied.' 
To which, Captain Heamans, who and a younger brother, Mrs. 
Stone says, were great sticklers in the business, answered in a very 
blustering manner — 'Satisfied with what? I never saw any power 
Capt. Stone had to do as he hath done, but the superscription of a 
letter. I must, and will, appear for these in a good cause.' "•••' 

"The same night," says Heamans, "came further intelligence from 
the enemy in the harbor, that they were making fireworks against 
the ship." On this the Puritans "commanded a small ship of Captain 
Cut's, of Xew England, then in the river, to lie in the mouth of the 
creek to prevent the enemy's coming forth in the night, to work any 
mischief against the ship.'* 

The St. Mary's men evidently looked- upon the campaign as one of 
certain triumph, and like of Goliath of Gath, before the armies of 
Israel, they defied the hosts of the Puritans. 

Approaching on the morrow by a narrow neck of land, near which 
their vessels were moored, the Cavaliers, with sound of drum and rail- 
ings loud, called to their enemies: "Come, ye rouges, come, ye 
rouges, round-headed dogs." On this the Captain of the Golden 
Lyon fired his fourth and, this time, fatal shot, killing one of the St. 
Mary's men. 

The day^ the 2oth of March, was the Sabbath, but religion and 
fighting are professions the Puritans always would mix. So whilst the 
Governor was putting his troops in martial array, the Puritans were 
already in his rear. Their little band of one hundred and twenty, 
under Capt. "Wm. Fuller, had marched out of town, around the head 
of Spa Creek, a detour of six miles, and now appeared behind the Gover- 
nor's army. 

* Leonard Strong;--in Bozmaii's Maryland, vol. 2; p. 52i. 



36 ''The Ancient City.'' 

The sentry of the St. Mary's men fired the signal shot, when "Cap- 
tam Fuller still expecting, that, then at least, possibly they might 
give a reason of their coming, commanded his men, upon pain of death, 
not to shoot a gun, or give the first onset, setting up the standard of 
the commonwealth of England, against which the enemy shot five or 
six guns, and killed one man in the front before a shot was made by 
the other.'' "Then," continues Mr. Leonard Strong, "the word was 
given, "/m' the name of Gud Jail o/t; God in our streiif/fh.'" ' The cry 
of the St. Mary's men was, 'Hey, for St. Mary'-^.'' Thus the battle of 
the Severn began. 

The charge was fierce, but brief. "Througli the glorious presence 
of the Lord of liosts," says the samecotemporaryautlior, "manifested 
in and towards liis poor, oppressed i)eopk'. the enemy could not endure, 
but gave back ; and were so effectually charged liome, that they were 
all routed, turned their l)acks, threw down their arms, and begged for 
mercy. After the first volley of shot, a small company of the enemy, 
from behind a great tree fallen, galled us. and wounded divers of out 
men, but were soon beaten oft'. Of the whole company of Marylanders 
there escaped only four or five, who ran away out of the army to carry 
news to their confederates. Capt. Stone. Colonel Price, Capt.Gerrard', 
Cupt. Lewis, Capt. Kendall. (in-ol)a])ly Fendall.) Capt. Guither, Major 
Chandler, and all the rest of thecouncellors, oiiicers, and soldiers of the 
Lord Baltimore, among whom both commanders and soldiers, a great 
number being Papists, were taken, and so were their vessels, arms, am- 
munition, provisions, about fifty men slain and wounded. We lost 
only two men in the field, but two died since of their wounds. God 
did a])|)ear wonderlul in the field, and in the hearts of the people, all 
confessing Him to be the only worker of this victory and deliverance." 

However much the Puritans attributed the fate of battle to the Al- 
mighty, after the contest was once over, they laid aside His precepts, 
and })roceeded to close matters after their own will. Doctor Barber, 
an author of that period, writing in the interests of the St. Mary's 
men, says : "After the skirmish, the Governor, upon quarter given 
him and all liis company in the field, yielded to be taken prisoners, 
but, two or three days after, the victors condemned ten to death, and 
executed four, and had executed all, had not the incessant petition- 
ing and begging of some good women saved some, and the soldiers 
others : the Governor himself being condemned by them and since beg- 
ged by the soldiers, some being saved just as they were leading to 
execution." 

Those who were executed, were Mr. William Eltonhead, Lieut. Wm. 
Lewis, Mr. Legget, and John Pedro, a German. Gov. Stone, though 
his life was si)ared, was treated with great ciuelty, and, whilst in 
prison, sjiffering from a severe wound received in the battle, neither 
his friends nor liis wife were allowed to visit him. 

A year after this battle, the 23rd of Oct(jber, 1056, Lord Baltimore 
sent instructions to his Lieuteiumt and Council in which he required 
the peojile of Ainie Arundel to quietly and j)eacefully submit to his 
Lordship's Patents as he used and exercised the same there before the 
trouljles began, vizt. in the year 1(550, and according to the advice of 
the said (of Trade) committee, which had decided that Lord Balti- 
more was entitled to the Government of the province of Maryland. 

He added, "His Lordship wills and requires his said Lieutenant and 
Council that the Law in the said Province instituted, An act concern- 



History OF Annapolis. 37 

ing Religion and passed heretofore there with his Lordship's assent, 
Whereby all Persons who profess to believe in Jesus Christ have 
Liberty of Conscience and free exercise of their religion there, be duly- 
observed in the said Province by all the inhabitants thereof, and that 
the penalties mentioned in the said act be duly put in execution upon 
any ofEendors against the same, or any part thereof."* 

The Province was restored to Lord Baltimore in March, 1658, he 
having been deprived of it six years. 



CHAPTER X. 
Quakers and Indians Disturb the Colony. 

[1658.] Incessant were the disturbances in the colony. When 
the Puritans and the State were at peace, the Indian and the Quaker 
ruffled the Province. "At a Council held 23 of Julij, at Annarundell 
Present, The Governor, The Secretary Col : Nathaniell Vtie." The 
following proceedings took place : 

"This morneing was sworne Of his Lordship Councell Mr. Edward 
Lloyd and from the Councell went to assist the Governor at the 
County Court. 

"After the Court was ended the Councell mett againe and there 
being then Present The Governor The Secretary Coll : Xathaniell Vtie 
Mr. Edward Lloyd. 

"Toke into consideracon the insolent behaviour of som people 
called Quakers who at the Court, in contempt of an order then made 
& proclaimed, would presumptuously stand Covered, and not only so, 
but also refused to subscribe the engagement notwithstanding the Act 
of Assembly in that case provided alleadging they were to be governed 
by Gods la we and the light within them & not by mans la we and vpoa 
full debate finding that this theyr refusall of the engagement was a 
breach of the Articles of the 24th of March last, and that theyr prin- 
ciples tended to the destruction of all Government. 
"Ordered 

"That all persons whatsoeuer that were resideing within this Pro- 
vince on 24th of March 1657 should take & subscribe the said engage- 
ment by the 20th of August next or else depart the Province by the 
35th of March followeing vpon paine due to Rebbells & Traitors if 
fouRd within this Province after the said 25th of March, & that a 
Proclamacon be forthwith drawne to this effect. 
"Proclamation, 

"By the Lieutenant & Governor of Maryland. 

"Whereas vpon the Surrender of the Government to me his Lord- 
ship Lieutenant on the 24th of March last past amongst other things it 
was then agreed that the Oath of fidelity should not be pressed vpon 
the inhabitants then resideing within this Province but that in place. 

♦ Archive? of Ma yhind. CGuncil Proceedings, p. 32o. 



38 "TuE Ancient City." 

and stead thereof an engagement slionld be taken in Manner and 
forme as in those Articles (rehition vnto them ])eing had) more at 
hirge appearetli And whereas l>y Act of this last Generall Assembly 
the said Articles are confirmed & the said engagement V>ya La we com- 
manded to be taken To the end the said Articles may l)e inviolably ob- 
served and tliat all Jealousies and feares be removed These are in the 
Lord Pro})rietarys name strictly to charge & Command all persons 
whatsoeuer to make tlieyr repaire to the Clarkes of the respectiue 
County Courts at or Ijefore the 20th day of August next ensueing to 
make theyr subscriptions to the said engagement or else that they 
provide themselues to depart this Province by the 2oth day of March 
next and to declare tluit all persons who sliall refuse to subscribe the 
engagement witliin tlie time Ijefore limited and shall be found in any 
l»art of this Province after the Soth day of March aforesaid shall be 
proceeded against as llebbells & Traitors Giren vnder my hand this 
33rd of July l'jo8. Josias Fendall. 

*-At Councell lield 25 Julij at Patuxent Present The. Governor The 
Secretary. 

"According to the ^Yarrant beareing date 22nd Instant Thomas 
Thurston was brought before tlie Governor, & the said Thurston being 
desirous to depart the Province tlie Governor Ordered this followeing 
"Warrant to be drawne "Whereas Tliomas Thurston by liimselfe Sc 
friends hath desired of me tliat he may passe vp to Annarundell, 
from whence he hath ingaged himselfe to depart this Province by Mon- 
day next being the second day of August, vntill whos departing out of 
this l^rovince Josias Cole is to remaineas by Order of Court Provided 
These are therefore in the Lord Proprietarys name to Will & require 
you not to molest the Siiid Thomas Thurston during the time limited 
for Ins stay and so soone as he shall signify to you his intention pres- 
ently to depart that you sett at liberty tlie said Josias Cole Provided 
that if they or either of them sliall be found ^^^thin this Province after 
the aforesaid second day of August (vnlesse made vnable to depart by 
sicklies) they or either of them be apprehended and proceeded against 
according to lawe in theyr case provided Given Vnder my hand at Pa- 
tuxfut this 25th day of .July IGoS. Josias Fendall." 

[IGflo.] In 1005, the Indians again became an element of trouble, 
and a Council that met at St. Mary's, June 0th, 1005, took "into de- 
bate some speedy way for the prevention of the Indian Enemyes 
further incursiones into this province, And liow they"may be sup- 
I>ressed for the future." 

In tlu' levy for the various counties. St. Mary's had to raise thirty 
men and the like numl)er was required of Ainui Annulel. Capt. Wil- 
liam Burges, of Anne Arundel, was jjut in command of the trooji, and 
lie was ordered to raise them by press or otiierwise, with sufTicicntarms 
and ammunition. He was also made Deputy Commander of all the 
forces. 

Tile commission and instructions given to Capt. Purges, preserved 
in the jjroceedings of the council. t give a curious insight into the 
state of the colony regarding that still unsolved problem— the Ameri- 
can Indian. 

"The Commission Reads: 

"Charles Calvert &c.. To Capt. William Burges Greeting Whereas 

* An^hives of Md. Council Procoi'dintrs, p. :;')o. 
t Arcliive.N of IMd. CouiumI Proci-edirms, p. nS-i. 



History ofAxxapolis. 39 

Diverse Forraigiie Indians have of late Committed diverse murders 
vpon the people of this Province and Committed diverse other Out- 
rages for repression of which I have thought fitt to raise a Competent 
Number of Men Now Know Yee that I reposing especiall confidence in 
yor fidelity Courage and Experience in Martiall Affaires have Consti- 
tuted Ordained and Appointed and by these presents doe Constitute 
Ordaine and a])point yow Commandr in Cheife under mee of all the 
forces soe raised in St. Mary's, Kent, Charles. Calvert and* Anne 
Arnndell Countys against the said Indians to make warre and pursue 
and by Gods Assistance to Vanquish and Kill and Generally in all 
things to doe all or any thing or things as any Commandr in Cheife 
may or of Right Ought to doe according to such Instruecons as I haue 
herewith sent or shall from time to time send yow Given at St. Mary's 
undr my hand and Scale this 6th day of June in the 34th yeare of his 
Lordps Dominion Oner this Prouince Annoq Domini 1665. 

Charles Calvert." 

The following were the instructions given Capt. Burges :* 

"Instructions directed by the Honble the Leiutennt Generall Charles 
Calvert Esqr &c.. To Capt. William Burges and sent wth his Comcon 
dated 6th day of June 1665. 

"Imprimis you are to take Under yor Charge and Comand the 
Seuerall parties of men raised in St. Mary's. Kent, Charles and Cal- 
vert Countys as those in Anne Arundell Countys wth which men ac- 
cording to your Best discrecon and wth the Aduice and Consent of the 
major part of the Officers comanding in the Seuerall partyes yow are 
to Endeauour to find out the Indian Enemy in theire Quarters and 
them by God's Assistance to Vanquish or Otherwise driue Out of this 
Prouince or Otherwise uppon the place and Emergent Occasions as 
yow with the Advice and Consent aforesaid shall fiiide it more Exped- 
ient and for the safety of the Province in Generall to keepe severall 
partyes ranging the woods as well to the Head of Patuxent as Patapsco 
& Bush Riuers or euen up to the Utmost bounds of the Prouince up- 
pon the Sasquesahanough riuer. 

"Secondly yow are to take speciall Care to see yow men want not 
necessary prouisiones for foode nor Armes nor Amunicon and to that 
end yow are to issue Orders to the Sherriffes or other Officers next to 
yow in the seuerall Countyes where yow shall chance to come in pur- 
suite of yor Commission to presse any Armes Ammunicon or Provis- 
iones Needfull ; AVho are to keepe exact and true accompts of such 
thinges so pressed as aforesaid. 

"Thirdely yow are to take especiall Care of the People in Patapsco 
riuer and Gunn Powder Riuer and to that end yow are to keepe a Con- 
stant Correspondence with yor Colonell Lewis Stockett, whom, when 
yow shall Chance to meet yow are to Obey in all thinges. 

"Fourthly To the end all necessary assistance may be Given to all 
places in danger yow are to giue notice of all yor proceedings and all 
intelligence yow shall receive to me twice euery weeke and Oftener if 
need be, and to presse messengers expressely to bring yor letters to 
me as also to send yor intelligence to your Collonell as often as need 
shall be, and Generally yow are to presse Boates men or horses either 
to Carry Baggage or to March after the Ennemy as yow shall see Oc- 
casion. 

* Arcliive* of Md. Council Pr joeeding.s, p. 524. 



40 ' ' T H E A X C I E N T C I T Y . ' ' 

"Fifthly Yow arc to Associate with any the fneiidle Indians to any 
number yow sliall finde most Contenient for the service now in hand ; 
but in yor march or in yor Quarters yow are to take speciall Care that 
noe English doe Game or wrestle with any Indians so to auoid all Oc- 
casiones of Quarrell.'' 

No war followed this preparation of arms, and, in 1G06, a treaty of 
peace was made with a number of Indians, in which the right was 
conceded to the proprietary to appoint the emperor of the Indians. 
For nine years the colony enjoyed exemption from Indian warfare. 



CHAPTER XI. 
Colonial Life. 



From 1G57 to 1683 there is a lamentable gap in the history of Provi- 
dence, due, it is believed, to the loss of the State's Records by "the 
removal of the records and documents of the province from St. Mary's 
to x\.nnaj)olis, some of which were greatly damaged," and to "the loss 
of some by the fire which destroyed the State House in 1704, where 
they were chiefly deposited."* 

The chasm will be filled by extracts from the journals of the General 
Assembly and records of the Courts, from wliose quaint proceedings 
and curious customs may be gleaned the thoughts, deeds, and charac- 
ters of the men who laid the foundations of Annapolis. 

Upper House, Saturday 28th, April. 10G(3. 

[IGGO.] "Then came a member from the lower house, and desired 
the governor,! from the the whole lower house, not to discharge Ed- 
ward Erbery, merchant, from the sare of Bristol ; in regard, they had 
sometliing to object against him, as well for abusing the lower house 
of Assembly, as his lordship, last night. 

"Then came a member from the lower liouse, with tliis paper follow- 
ing : 

Tuesday, 1st May, IGGG. 

"William Calvert, Esc^., motions the house, 

"That, whereas there was an abuse committed last night by Edward 
Erbery, to the disturbance of the wliole iiouse, in their ([uiet and rest, 
and the clerk of this house informs timt the siiid Erbery did call the 
whole house pajjists, rogues,**** rogues, &c., whicii the speaker is 
desired to take notice of, and proceed therein, either by presentment 
or otherwise, as to luin shall seem best, and that it be the first "thing^ 
this house takes into coiisideration or del>ate. 

"^Ir, Nicholas Piccard and Mr. Kichard Blunt informed the house 
of certain vulgar and indecent expressions of Erbery concerning the 
lower liouse, and that they were asliamed of tin- pluc'' from wlif-nce 
they came. 

* Ridgely's Annals of Annapolis, p. M. 

t Arc'hivfs of MiiiilHUil. l'io<'ee<imK> ol A'-seinbly, i'. .")r>. 



History OF Annapolis. 41 

"Mr. Richard Hall says, that amongst a great many other extrava- 
gant words, Erbery said that Charles Calvert was a rogue. 

"William Calvert, Esq., saith, how that Erbery, inhishearmg, said, 
we, viz. the assembly, were in company of pitiful rogues and puppies, 
and there is not one in the country deserves to keep me company but 
Charles Calvert, who owes me ten thousand pounds of tobacco. 

' 'Mr Richard Smith informs this morning, when Erbery awaked, the 
Erbery complained that he was bound ; that he remembered all that 
he had said last night, and that he was not drunk ; and in a threaten- 
in"- manner, said he would remember those that bound him. 

''The abuse that Edward Erbery gave to the lieutenant-general and 
tliis assembly last night, being taken into consideration, and upon a 
full debate thereon, had in this house, they do judge the same to be a 
scandal to the Lord Proprietor, to his lieutenant-general, and to both 
houses of assembly, and a great reflection upon the province in gen- 
eral ; and, therefore, unanimously voted by this house, that the said 
Erbery be brought before this house, to give answer to the above said 
charo-e, in relation to those informations now given in against hiin. 

"Ordered by the speaker that Mr. Edward Erbery be brought into 
the sheriff, &c.' -, , i i • 

"And taxed by the speaker of all those words spoken, who making 
his appearance after the charge being read unto him, he answered that 
he remembered none of these words that is alleged, only he confesseth 
that he was in drink, and being further taxed about the words spoken 
this morning, (which were averred by a member of this house) he says 
that he remembers not that ever he spoken such words. _ 

"Which answer being taken into consideration, the house do judge 
the same altogether unsatisfactory, and that no person of full age shall 
take advantage by drunkenness in such case. 

"Whereupon this house do humbly present the consideration thereot 
to the upper house, that they would please to signify to this house then- 
resentment of the same, and what they shall judge further necessary 
to be done with the said Erbery as touching the punishment or other- 
wise for this house's concured therewith.' ,1. 

"The upper house do order that the said Edward Erbery be tyed to 
an apple tree before the house of assembly, and be there publickly 
whipped upon the bare back with thirty-nine lashes, and that the sher- 
iff of St. Mary's county be commanded to apprehend the said Erbery 
and see this order put in execution, and that the said Erbery do pay 
the sheriff his fees before he departs out of his custody ; and further 
ordered, that the said Erbery be, after he is whipped, brought into 
both houses of assembly publickly to ask them forgiveness. 

(Signed) John Gittings, Clerk." 

"Upper House, February 17th, 1674. 
[1674.] 'Came into this house, a petition of the lower house, as 

followeth, viz: ^ . -r ■ ^ ^^ j. n ^ 

"To the honourable Charles Calvert, Esquire, Lieutentstnt (reneral 

and Cliief Judge of the Provincial Court of the Right Honourable the 

Lord Proprietary. 

"The humble petition of the Deputies and Delegates of the Lower 

House of Assembly, 

"Humbly sheweth to your excellency, 



42 ' ' T II E A N C I E N T C I T Y . ' ' 

"That, whereas John Cowman ])ein.£r arraijcned. convicted and con- 
demned ui»on the statute of tlie first of Kintr James of Enirlaud, &c., 
for witclicraft, conjuration, sorcery, or enchantment used upon the 
body of Elizal)etli Goodall, and now lyine: under that condemnation, 
and liath liumbly implored and beseeched us, your lordship's petition- 
ers, to mediate and intercede in his behalf with your excellency for a 
reprieve and stay of execution. 

"Your excellencie's |)etitioiiersdo therefore, accordinirly, in all hum- 
ble manner, beseech your excellency that the ri2:our and severity of the 
law to which the said condemned malefactor liath miserably exposed 
himself, may be remitted and relaxed by the exercise of your excel- 
lency's mercy and clemencie upon so wretched and miserable an object. 

"And your petitioners, as in duty bound, will ever pray, &c.' 

'Upper House, February 17th. 

"Tlie lieutenant-general hath considered of the petition here above, 
and is willinjc, upon the request of the lower house, that the con- 
demned malefactor be reprieved, and execution stayed, provided that 
the sheriff of St. Maries' county carry him to the gallows, and that 
the ro)»e being about his neck, it be there made known to him how 
much he is beholding to the lower house of assemblie for mediating 
and interceeding in his behalf with tlie lieutenant-general, and that 
he remain at the city of St. Maries, to be employed in such service 
as the governor and council shall think fltt, during the pleasure of 
the governor." 

The Quakers, or Friends, who had settled in Maryland at an early 
period of its cstal)lisliment, suffering under that system of intoler- 
ance and prosecutoin wliich prevailed against all dissenters at that, 
and down to a latter day, remonstrated against the unjust laws of the 
province whieli del»arred their testimony or. "alhrmation," "and sub- 
jected them to heavy penalties for refusing to take the prescribed 
oaths," "although contrary to their conscience, and, in their opinion 
the Saviour's positive injunction, declared in his sermon on the mount 
— 'swear not at all.'" Thisremonstranceor i)etitionaj)pears upon the 
journals of the upi>er liouse in 1674, and is as follows : 

"Saturday, 23d May, 1074. 

"Read in the liouse, a petition exJiibited liy certain Quakers, as fol- 
lows, viz : 

"This we do lay before the goveruour and council assembly, in the 
wisdom of God, to consider of, from us who hi scorn are called, 
Quakers. 

''What we can say and do instead of an oatli, it is iu obedience to 
Clirist's conuiiand, that we cannot swear and take an oath, and Christ 
our Lord and Saviour's command is, 'I say unto you swear not at all,' 
Though in the old time, they were not to forswear tliemselves, Imf 
perform their oallis to the Ijord ; and the Lord .Jesus Christ's com- 
mand is, l>ut let your connnunication be yea. yea, and nay, nay, for 
whatsoever is more than these couieth of evil: and St. James saith, 
in his general epistle to the Church of Christ, above all things, my 
l)retheren. swear not; neither by heaven, nor by tlie earth, nor by 
any other oath ; mark, but let your yea, be yea, and your nay, be nay, 
least you fall unto condemnaticm. Now, here ye may see, .that 
Christ and apostles sett us yea, yea, and nay. nay, over and above an 



HistoryofAnnap.olis. 43 

oath and swearing, and in lieu of an oath. See, in obedience to Christ 
and the apostles' command, it is, that we do not, and dare not swear, 
least we should go into the evil, and so fall into condemnation, as 
■Christ and the apostles saith before. But according to Christ Jesus 
and the apostles' command, doe keep to yea, yea, and nay, nay, 
wherein they do double their words to make them of more force. 
Christ Jesus to the deciples and the apostles to the church ; and now, 
if, that we are called to testifie the truth, or to serve in any office or 
place or jurie, if that we do break our yea, yea, or nay, nay, then let 
us suffer the same penalty, as they, that do break an oath, or are fore- 
sworne. And this not repugnant to the laws of England, having the 
same penalty on the same transgression ; for, in Jamaica, their law is 
so, that our brethren's testimony upon yea, yea, and nay, nay, as 
Christ and as the apostles commanded, is taken, and the same in the 
same in the acts and province laws at Carolina, and the same in the 
patent and acts at Road Island, and the same in the new country of 
Jersey, is taken instead of an oath ; which the governour and his 
council and assembly may, by an acfof assembly, let us have the same 
liberty here, as our brethren' have in other places, colonies, or provin- 
ces, that we may not be put to inconveniences, for you do not know 
what trouble often many of us are put to, because we cannot swear 
and take oath, and do lose our rights and that which is due to us from 
others, and how we have been made prey upon by many, because we 
cannot swear, and have lost much in our estates, and cannot be so ser- 
viceable in our generation to the country, as we might be, and also 
what trouble we have had, who have been overseers or executors, or 
the like, that have been intrusted with orphans, fatherless, and wid- 
ows' estates or wills, for want of an oath. And, therefore, you having 
power to remedie these things by making an act, we do lay them be- 
fore you, and that if we do breake our yea, yea, or nay, nay, or what 
we testifie, then let us suffer the same punishment as they do that 
break their oaths or swear falsely ; and this we are willing to suffer, 
who profess faith in Christ, and would all that profess the same, to 
exercise a conscience void of offence towards God and men. So you 
may remove this 'Oppression if you please, and let us have the same 
liberty that our friends and bretheren have in other countrys and is- 
lands, as we are creditably informed ; whose hands are hereimto sub- 
scribed in behalf's of our bretheren. 

'WeXLOCK ChRISTERSON, Jo. HOMEARD, 

'William Perrie, Hi. Beard, &c. 

"Ordered by the house, that the petition here above be sent to the 
lower house, and offered to their consideration. 

"This petition was accordingly sent to the lower house, who re- 
turned it with a message requesting to be informed by his excellency 
and the upper house, whether, in their opinion, the assembly had the 
power to alter the form of the oath prescribed by the laws of Eng- 
land, in point of evidence between the king and his people, &c., in 
matters depending within the province, or not. To which message, 
the upper house replied, that they had resolved, that the petition 
should remain upon the Journal till further advice from the Lord Pro- 
prietary, who declared that he 'formerly had intention of gratifying 
the desire of the said people, called Quakers, in that kind ;' but for 
some reason not mentioned, his lordship desired 'that all proceedings 
therein be, for the present, suspended.' 



44 ' ' T H E A N C I E N T C I T Y . ' ' 

"This higlily respectable and long misunderstood society of chris- 
tians, were not restored to the riglits and privileges, so moderately, 
but firmly, insisted upon in the foregoing petition, until the year 1702* 
— wlien the legislature struck from the statute books this relict of in- 
toleranc£."t 

[1071.] On the 28th of March, 1671, when the Upper House had 
met at "two of the clock in the afternoon," it received "a message 
from the Lower House wTiicli was their desire to know whether the 
Deputys of Calvert county or the deputys of Anne Arundel county 
ought to take place. Upon examination whereof this House were of 
opinion that the Deputys of A me Arundel ought to have the Prece- 
dency and sent the honoraV)lo, the Secretary to satisfy them in that 
particular with the Records of their Commission constituting their 
county Courts. And afterwards this house sent Mr. Brooks and Mr. 
Trueman to the Lower House for their further satisfaction therein. "J 

The jurisprudence of a nation and the manner of its application to 
the causes wliich arise under it are indices of the moral and mental 
status of that people. 

From yellow and dusty volumes, MSS. preserved among the arch- 
ives of Marylanil, are taken the records of some quaint trials which 
throw a radiar:t light upon those curious times. 

[1().")G.] In lOoO, the provinc l)cing under the authority of the 
commissioners of Cromwell, Judith Catchi)ole was brought before the 
Court under a suspiction of having murdered her child. It was "a 
Generall Provincial court Held at Patiixent, Se])tembcr, 22nd, 1056,"' 
which heard the case to determine if she should be indicted. Patux- 
ent was then the name of Calvert county. 

The Court was composed of Capt. Wm. Fuller, Mr. Pichard Pres- 
ton, Mr. Edward Lloyd, Mr. John Sc^ott and Mr. Michael Brooke. 
Judith denied even the birth of the child, whereupon the court or- 
dered "a jury of able women to be impanelled and to give in their 
verdict to tlie best of their judgement whether she, the said Judith,, 
hath ever had a child, or not." 

The following jury was selected: Pose Smith, Mrs. Belcher. Mrs. 
Chai)lin, ]\[rs. Brooke, ]Mrs. Battin, ]\[rs Cannardy, Mrs. Bussey, Mrs. 
Brooke, P^hzabeth Claxton, Elizabeth Potter and Dorothy Day — 
eleven. 

The testimony in the case, as recorded, was : 

"James Jolly, sworne examined, saith that being at John Gram- 
mer's, a weeke before Wm. Bramliall's man died, tlie sjiid servant of 
Bramliall said that Judith Catchpole cut a maid's skinn olf her throat, 
and she. never felt it, and the sjiid Judith Catchpole sewed the wound 
up, againc. and further saith not." 

"Elizalx'th Norton, sworne and examined, sjiith that Wm. Bram- 
hall's servant that dyed, saith that Judith Catchpole, Cut the skina 
of a maid's throat when she was asleep, and the Siud maid never felfc 
it, and tlie said Judith sewed up tlie wound againe, with a Xeodle and 
thread ; and the sai<l servant Siiid, if he should divulge it. it would be 
worse for him, and further Siiith not. That Wm. Bramhall's man 
Siiid that Judith Catchpole and he did grind a knife Dutch fasr.ion, 
and the said Judith prickt a seaman in tlie back with it, a- d she 

* Act of ITOJ, chaptpr I. s*ciion 'Jl, 

t Ridirely'fi Aniiiils. 

t Archives of Ma ylnnH, Proceedings of Assembly, p. 240* 



H I S T O R Y F A X X A P O L I S . 45 

"beo-ged a little srease of the chirurgeon, and greased his back, and 
he^stood up again ; and the said servant said^that Judith was to kill 
three or four men more and further said not." 

"Andrew Wilcox sworneand examined, saith, that Mr. Bramhall s 
man-servant that dyed said that when the murther was done all the 
people and seamen "in the ship were asleep : and after :t was done 
Judith Catchpole and the said servant of ^Ym. Bramhall went u}) 
upon the deck, and walked a quarter of an hour, afterward oft" they 
Went, each to their Lodging ; this being at Sea in the middle of the 
ni2:ht, and further saith not." 

We the jury thereupon rendered a verdict "The Jury of women, 
before named, having according to our charge and oath, searched the 
bodv of Judith Catchpole, doe give in our verdict that accordnig to 
our 'best judgment, that said Judith Catchpole hath not had any child 
within the time charged." -r -,• i ^-i ^ i ^ 

The court then gave opinion that, "Whereas, Judith Catchpole, 
servant to Wm. Darrington, of this Province of Maryland, was appre- 
hended and brought before the court upon a suspicion of murdering 
a child in her voyage at sea, bound for this Province in the ship Mary 
and Francis, who set forth of Engla-,d upon her intended voyage m. 
or about October last, 1655, and arrived in this Province m, :r about 
January following, and her accuser being deceased, and no murther 
appearing, upon lier examination, denying the fact ; was ordered that 
her body' should be searcht by a jury of able women, which being 
done, the said jury returning their verdict to this court that they 
found, that the said Judith had not had any child within the time, 
charged, and, also it appearing to this court, by severall testimonies 
thatlhe party accusing was not in sound mind, whereby it is con- 
ceived the said Judith Catchpole is not inditable. Tr.e Court doth, 
therefore, order that upon the reasons aforesaid that she, the said Ju- 
dith Catchpole, be acquitted of that charge unless further evidence 

appear." . -, ^ .-. 

The court records of this decade bear, m several places, the name 
an individual who seemed to be one of those characters, who furnisn 
food for courts. Peter Godson is the unfortunate Marylander. One 
of the cases was Avhen Peter was sued for caUing a woman a witch. 
He confessed penitence, and escaped, in a measure, the meshes and 

penalties of the law. „ ^ , ■, .nn~ i> -^ • 

[1665.] "At a court holden the fifth day of October, I660, it is 
recorded that "Peter Godson, being convicted of stealing n bodkin 
from the wife of John Hambleton, and concealing the same shall ac- 
cording^ to the Act of Assembly, restore four fould in silver, which is 
four shillings and six pence, to the defendent, with the charges of 
court being four hundred and six pounds of tobacco. ' ' 

In December of the same year Peter again appears m court. Thos. 
Ager complained "that he hath paid unto Peter Godson Tobacco tor 
a cure, ihe said Godson undertook to perform on the said Ager, and 
hath left him worse than he found him. It is ordered, ' ' said the Court, 
"that the sai d Godson pay him his tobacco back againe except 
he perform his undertaking." . 

In the succeeding March, the following proceedings in the case 

were had : . . i j. i 

"Whereas, by a former order, Peter Godson was injoyned to make 
a cure of Thomas Ager or else repay ye tobacco which he had received 



46 * ' T H E A N C I E N T C 1 T Y . ' ' 

ill satisfaction of his euro, tiud it, appearing: to tliis Court, that tlic 
said Godson hath not performed the order, it is now ordered that the 
said Godson shall repay the said tobacco whicli is OOOlb and caske, or 
else execution." 

Jaines Johnson for a misuse of his tong'ue paid severe penalties. At a 
court held HTriy 15th, 1047, "the Court being: informed of certainc 
mutinous s[)eeches uttered by James Johnson, about ye 3d of July, 
viz.; that he should say unto Richard Bennett, after sojue discourse 
concerninij: the Goveriimi-nt n<nv established, that he hoped Avithin a 
while, to see a confusion of all Papistry iiere, and further the said 
James Johnson said that both he. the said Richard Bennett and yt. 
came up with the late Governor from Virginia, (meaning,' the soldiers.) 
were rogues : for that they had undone a brave country, for had it not 
been for them, to witt, the soldiers, they mij^ht have enjoyed this 
country, to themselves, (meaning the late Rebells to his Pro[)rietary,) 
and their pr(»gency after them. And the said Richard Bennett re- 
plyed, yt. there were in the Governor's Company as honest, men as 
himself. The said Johnson still ])ersisted in it, saying that they were 
all rogues and he would justifie it, and, at the same time he, the same 
James Johnson, urged the said Bennett to go downe, and certifie the 
Governor of tliese speeches, saying tliat if he should complaine to the 
Governor against him, he regarded it not, for he cared noe more for 
the Governor, (meaning ]Mr. Greene,) then he did for any of the rest. 
Also, at tlu' same time, speaking concerning Cajit. Hill, he wished 
thatCapt. ilill would come, and re-assume the government, affirming 
that, if Cai)t. Hill, were come, and yt. he, the said James Johnson 
could see Capt. John Price, pressing soldiers to resist tlie said Ca[)t. 
Hill, and not above two otiicrs in his company, lie would shott him, 
(meaning Capt. Price.) All which being proved by the oath of Richard 
liennett. the Court judged that he should be fined in 2,0001b tobacco, 
and to be whipped with thirty lashes. And to remain in the Sheriff's 
hands, till the Corporall punishment be excquuted, and to put in 
security for ye i)ayment of the s«\idfine. 

"Warrant to the Sheriff to see sentence excquuted to-morrow in the 
evening." 

[l<i'')4.] Mrs. Brooks for an amiable i)iecc of gossip among her ac- 
(piaintances, Avas called to answer "at a court holden for the Province 
of :\[aryland. Kith of Oct., 1G54:" 

The first witness Mr. Geo. Newman, testified he "heai'd^NCrs. Brooks 
relate tiiat she heard Mrs. Goulson had V)eaten her maid two hour by 
the clock, AND THERE WERE tluit would take their oath that it was an 
hour and a half btj the clock." 

"Margaret Prichard, aged twentie yeares or thereabouts," deposed, 
"that this Dejxinent heard Mrs. Brooks say that !Mrs. GouLson had 
beaten her maid two hours," following that with tlie significant at- 
testation, "by the cloek." Unlike the inattentive and poetical New- 
man, jMargaret had not to say that Mrs. Brooke related "there, were 
that," wlio could make a certain oath that, and so forth, but she could 
swear to the person, and give a longer period to]\[rs. Gonlson's active 
i'l>is()de in her household duties. She testified that ]\rrs. Brooks 
further said : Elizcbeth Tenuis would take her oath that it was two 
hours and a half," l)ut the important"*by the cloek." was not vouch- 
safed by this deponent. Klizebcth heard more ; Margaret liad fin- 
ished up with a delicious titbit of gossip respecting the conjugal rela- 



H I s T o R Y OF Annapolis. 47 

tions of lier mimercifiil acquaintanoe. Margaret further continued 
her deposition by testifying- that ''Elizabeth Tennis should say" tliat 
the exasperated lord of Mrs. Goulson, "tore the hair of his head and 
wisht that she, the said Mrs. Gronlson ^YOuld kill the self-same maid, 
that she might never kill more." 

This record follows :—'" That, whereas, Mrs. Brooks reported that 
Sarah Goulson unhuvfidly punished her maid-servant, which cannot 
be proved. It is ordered that Mrs. Brooks shall pay the charges." 

Thus the slanderer received her reward. 

[1G48. ] Its dignity our provincial courts jealously guarded. Swearing 
at its sessions was punished, and perjury before it, it would, hi no 
wdse, countenance, as is attested by the sentence of one John Gonoore 
who was found guilty of this latter crime, "att a court held at Henry 
Morgan's att Kent 22nd Jan"y," sometime aljout 1648. 

Thomas Matthews in behalf of the Lord Proprietary complained 
''against John Gonoore, that being called to answer upon his oath, 
not haveing the feare of God afore his eyes, he answered falsely and 
and against his knowledge, whereby he committed a willfull perjury, 
wherefore the said Thos. Matthews requireth in the behalf of the 
said Lord Proi)rietary, the said Goonore to be brought to condine 
punishment. 

"John Goonore not having anything to say for his defence, more 
than that it was the first time he ever committed the like offence. 
The Court adjudged him to be nailed by both ears to the Pillory with 
nailes in each eare, and the nails to be slitt out, and afterwards to be 
whipped with 20 good lashes. And this to be exequufed immediately 
hefore any other business of Court he 2')roceeded ur>oii.'" 

The following curious trial is found in Liber S. Folios 297 and 298, 
(vf the Provincial Court of Maryland : 

[1659.] "Whereas John Wasnington, of Westmoreland county, in 
Virginia, hath made complaynt against Edward Prescott, merchant, 
accusing ye said Prescott of felony unto ye Governor of this Province. 
xVUeging how that thee ye said Prescott, hanged a witch in his ship, 
as hee Vv'as outwards bound from England hither ye lastyeare. Uppon 
which complaynt of ye said Washington, ye Governor caused ye said 
Edward Prescott. to bee arrested ; Taking bond for his appeanxnce at 
this Provinciall Court, of 4,000rbs tobacco. Giving, moreover, notice 
to ye said Washington, by letter, of his proceedings therein, a copie 
of which bond, with ye said Washington's answere thereto are as fol- 
loweth : 

"Mr. Washington, ' 

"LTppon your complaynt to me that Mr. Prescott did in his voyage 
from England hither, cause a woman to bee executed for a witch, I 
have caused him to bee apprehended up2:)on suspition of felony, and 
doe intend to bind him over to ye Provincial Court to answere it ; 
w^liere I doe allso expect you to bee, to make good your charge. Hee 
will !)e called upon his tryall ye 4th on oth of October next, att ye 
court to bee held then att Patunent, nearo Mrs. FPenwick's house ; 
where I suppose you will not fayle to bee. Whitnesses examined m 
Virginia will be of no vallew there in this case, for they must bee 
face to face w^ith ye party accused, or they stand for nothing. I 
thought gooil to actuaynt with this, that you may not come unpro- 
vided. <^, 



48 ' • T II K A X c I E N T City." 

"This at jiresent Sr. is all from 
''Your Friend, 
"Josiat Feudell, 

"29tli September." 

'vllumble Sir, 

"Yours, of this 29th instant, this day 1 received. I am sorry, yet 
my extraordinary occassions will not ])ermit me to ])C at ye next Pro- 
vinciall Court to he held in ^Maryland ye 4 of this next month. Be- 
cause then, God willinfr, 1 intend to ^^et my youn.ir sone baptized, all 
ye company and gossips being all ready invited. Besides in this short 
time witnesses cannot be got to come over. But if Mr. Prescott be 
bound to answer at ye next Provineiall Court after this. I shall do 
what lyeth in my j)Ower to get them ouer. Sir. I shall desire you for 
to acquaint me wheather Mr. Prescott be bound over to try, next 
Court, and when yr court is, that I may havo some time for to provide 
evidence. And so I rest 

"Your Friend & Servant, 

"John Washington, 

"oO September 1059."' 

"To whicli complaynt of John \Yashington, ye said Edward Pres- 
cott, (submitting himself to his tryall,) denyeth not but that there 
was one Elizabeth Richardson, hanged in his ship, as he was outward 
bound ye last year from England, and comming for this Province, 
neiir unto ye VVcstern Islands, by his master and company, (he having 
appointed one John Greene, for ye voyage master, thoug^ himself 
was both merchants and owner of ye ship,) but further sayth, that 
be understood ye proceedings 6f his said master and company, and 
protested against in that business. And that there upon both ye 
master and company were ready to mutiny. 

"And it appearing in y^- court by ye i)rinted custom house dis- 
charge, and light house bills or acquittances produced and shewn by 
ye said Edward Prescott, taken or given in John Greene's name, that 
ye said Green was master for ye voyage, and not Edward Prescott, 
and no one coming to jn-osequnto. Ye said Prescott, therefore prays 
that liee may be acquitted. 

"P^dward Prescott, prisoner at ye bar, upon suspition of felony, 
stated upon his acquittal. If any person can give evidence against 
him, let him come in, for the prisoner otherwise will ho acf[uitted. 

"And no one appearing, ye prisoner is acquitted l)y the Board." 



CHAPTER XII. 

An Indiscuket Representativk riioM Anne 
Arundel. 

[1G03.] The early annals of the province of Maryland preserve, as 
representatives of Anne Aruiidel in the General Assembly, the names 
of many families still to be found within the l^orders of this interest- 
ing county. In 1GG2. Anne Arundel was represented by Robert Burle, 
Richard Beard, and Rjilph Hawkins. 



History OF Annapolis. 4& 

The former became engaged in a serious difficulty by the indiscreet 
use of his pen, as will appear by the following extracts from the 
journal of proceedings of the General Assemlily :* 

"Wednesday, the 2d of April. Then was taken into consideration 
a certain paper, endorsed 'To the worshipful, the burgesses for this 
present Assembly, holden for Maryland. The declaration of several 
of the inhabitants of Anne Arundel county, which, as bearing no 
date, nor being subscribed by any person whosoever, was put to the 
vote whether it were a libel yea, or no.' 

"Voted by the House that it is a libel, containing scandalous and 
seditious expressions, tending to the utter subversion and overthrow 
of the legislative power of this province, residing in the Lord Proprie- 
tary andboth houses of Assembly, and, that it be sent to the lower 
house who are desired to jo\n ^vith this house in the searching out and 
centuring the author. "Ordered, that Mr. Daniel Jenifer, messer ~er, 
be sent from this house to the lower house, to present that seditious 
paper published at Anne Arundel, with the vote of this house lDT 
their concurrence." 

"Thursday, the 3rd of April. 

"Then the Lower House returned the seditious pamphlet sent by 
the Upper House to them together with the vote of this house, en- 
dorsed on the back side : 

"Assented to by the lower house. William Bretton, clerk. 

' 'And further informed this house that as a member of that house, by 
name Robert Burle, did acknowledged that paper would reflect upon 
him, and that therefore the Lower House did desire that that member 
might be suspended from voting as a member till he had purged 
himself. 

"Unanimously voted by the Upper House that that person, viz : 
Robert Burle, should be suspended from sitting till he had purged 
himself, and that this vote be sent to the said Burle. 

"Then came two meml)ers of the Lower House, and said that 
the Lower House desired that Robert Burle might be forthwith tried. 

"Ordered, That a conference be desired immediately with the 
Lower House. 

"At a conference the Upper House did satisfy the Lower House, 
that Robert Burle is not to be tried by an assembly, but at a Provin- 
cial Court regularly. 

"Friday, the 4th of April. 

"Then came Robert Biirle and preferred the following petition and 
acknowledged his hearty sorrow for his faults concerning the mutinous 
and seditious expressions in the libel contained, which he penned and 
was published at Anne Arundel 

"To the Right Honorable, the Lieutenant General and to the Hon- 
orable Philip Calvert, Esq., Councellor, and to the Honored Council. 

"The humble petition of Robert Burle, showeth, 

"That whereas your petitioner is adjudged by your honors and by 
the Burgesses to have committed great transgression, and that of a 
high nature, which he hath committed inconsiderately through in- 
firmity and weakness, for which he declareth himself to be heartily 
sorry and humbly prayeth your honors to pardon and to pass by his 
great offence and conceiving liimseK to be the first offender since his 

* Archives! of Md. Proceedings of Assembly, p. 427. 

4 



5U ' ' T II E A N C 1 E N T Cl T Y . ' ' 

Lordshii)'s arrival, humbly prayeth for forgiveness which may be for 
the Honor of his Loj),! and .shall engage your petitioner to better 
fidelity, loyalty, and faithful o})edicnce, and shall ever engage the pe- 
titioner to pray for your honor's prosperity. 

"Ordered, That the said liurle do forthwith go to the Lower House 
and ask jiardon for his fault, and that the clerk of the Lower Iloilse 
be desired to see his suljinission recorded in their journal. 

"The Lower House sent to desire to know whether Robert Burle 
might be admitted to sitt with them again. 

'•Tiie Lieutenant General left it to their discretions." 

The exact contents of this paper are not jireserved. It is apparent 
the Lower House concluded to let Mr. Burle remain a member of that 
body, as his name appears among the list of delegates prefixed to the 
acts of assembly (jf the session of 1U02. 

t I.irdsliip. 



CHAPTER XIIL 

The CouKACJEors Spirit of the Maryland 
Settlers. 

[1081.] It was not alone in the tented field that that courageous 
spirit, which has always characterized Marylaiiders, was evinced by 
our early settlers, but in tvery position where manly deeds and noble 
words were required, the hardy adventurers proved themselves men 
worthy oC the stock from whence they came. 

Over and over again the Legislature of Maryland, the lower house 
especi.illy, showed a determined opposition to the encroachments of 
the jtroprietary upon their just riglits and liberties, and evinced that 
deteruiination in so marked a manner that proprietaries were com- 
pelled to submit to their imperative demands. 

This determination to yield no rights and to urge no unnecessary 
privileges was strongly jjortrayed by the proceedings of the Assem1)ly 
which met in August, KJ-SL On calling the roll, there appeared 
twelve vacancies in the lower house. The house thereu|)on addressed 
the Lord l*ro|>rietary requesting him to ai)i)oint some oflicer, to whom 
the speaker of their house migiit direct his warrants, to cause these 
vacancies to be filled: until which "they huml)ly conceived them- 
selves greatly incapacitated to act and do j>ropurtional)le to the great 
trust reposed in them, and sufficiently to consult tlie grand and 
weighty affairs of the province." The address alsocomj»lainedai)out 
his lordsliij) having called but two meuibers from each county when 
four should have '>een called. 

His lordship askeil tlie jjresence of the lower house. On entering 
the upi»er house, the Lord Proprietary said : "That by ln"s proelauui- 
tion, by vvhicli they were now called, the law for four delegates is suffi- 
ciently dissented to, and that otherwise, he would gratify their re- 



H I S T R Y F A N N A P O L I S . 51 

quest in issuin<!: out writs for filling- up vacancies." The lower house 
was tlien requested to unite with the upper house, with their members 
then present, and to proceed to business. 

The lower house refused. Thereupon the Proprietary agreed that 
writs might be issued for supplying the vacancies for the present, 
provided the lower house would acknowledge it as a favor from his 
lordship, and so enter it upon the journals." 

Sceii^g the opportunity by a stroke of policy to secure a principle, 
the lower house consented to make this entry on their jouriuil, and to 
agree to tlie election of two representatives from each county, pro- 
vided his lordship would consent that in all future vacancies, the 
speaker should have the right to issue his warrant to the secretary of 
the province to order elections to fill such vacancies ; otherwise they 
declared their unanimous resolution, "to stand to, and not to recede 
trom the substance of their address," and for the right of their speaker 
to issue his warrant in case of vacancies, and that they had "made all 
the condescentions they can. without apparer.t violation of their 
privileges." and they hoped that. the upper house would concur 
therem. The upper nouse refused to grant this authority which they 
thought ' 'aimed at things wholly new and unheard of in this province. ' ' 

The lower house answered this by declaring it a "denyalof the just 
and reasonable proposalls of this house for the future election of 
deputies, &c.," and passed a unanimous vote, "that it was the un- 
doubted privilege of this house, that the speaker of this house issue 
hii warrants," &c., and considered it "a very unsafe, ill precedent to 
proceed any further in the business of the session, and request his 
lordship to appoint some person to whom said warrants should be 
directed." 

The chancellor thereupon was sent by his lordship to the lower 
house to acquaint them "that he cannot but wonder how the lower 
house of assembly assume to themselves a power here that is not only 
new to us, and unheard of before in this province, but not practiced 
in Virginia, Barbadoes, or any other of his majesties plantations," &c. 

"His majesty hath the sole power to dispose of his conquests upon 
terms he pleases, &c., and desired to know their positive answer, 
whether they would join them in the dispatch of lousiness, promising 
if they would, he would immediately issue writs to fill up the house 
with four delegates from each county." 

The lower house resolved, that if his lordship caused writs to issue 
as promised, that tney would "proceed upon such matters as shall l^e 
recommended to them from his lordship." But at the same time, they 
asserted "their rights and privileges, rather from the rules of England 
than the imperfect proceedings of the nominated colonies, the first 
being our inherent right — yea, and birthright, though born in this 
province. 

"To liken us to a conquered people, we take very heavily, and -wash 
we had not heard, and do wonder it should pass the upper house. 
But, if the word conquest intends that we are subjects to arbitrary 
laws and impositions, then we humbly take leave lo believe that 
they are not his lordshij^'s words, but the result of strange, if not 
evil council. 

"That his majesty has reserved for us the rights and privileges of 
Englishmen, is that we iuoist upon." 



52 • ' T n E A N C I E N T C I T Y . ' ' 

The Lord Proprietarv, in reply to the last message from the lower 
house, (li^claimcfl any intention to liken the freemen of Maryland to a 
conquered ])eo})le, or subjeci; to arbitrary laws or impositions, and 
hopes that they may no way deserve that severe refiection. and assures 
them that he liad always "been ready to oblis^e and show his kindness, 
to t,ie ^'ood people of this province ;" and, as a further testimony of 
it, !:.";ates his willin?:ness to issue writs as desired, if the lower h. use 
will isk it of him '"as a thing that will oblige (at this time) the in- 
habitants of this province, of whom they are representatives," &c. 

The lower house accordingly made the request, stating th» ir will- 
ingness "to leave off all disputations about words," S{\ying. it "will 
be a matter «:f great content and rejoicing among to the good people 
of thiti province," &c.*" 

Thuii the "freemen of Maryland," as they were called. }>roved 
themselves worthy of their honorable title, and gave abundant evi- 
dence of that love of liberty and courage to enjoy it which have char- 
acterized the English speaking race, at all times, the world over. 

* Ilidg-'ly's Annals of Anunpolis, y. SG. 



CHAPTER XIV. 
Providence CI^A^'(;ED to ^Tiie Town, at Prootor's/' 

[1083.] Providence seems to have changed its name sometime be- 
tween 10.10 and lG8o, for by an act of the Legislature of the last 
named year, cliap. V,* it .vas spoken of as "The Town at Proctor's," 
ana made a port of entry of tlie province. 

The commissioners appointed by this act to execute its powers were, 
son. crime before the 2.")th of March, 1084. to meet on the rcsju'Ctivo 
lands, and to agree with and purciiase of tiie owr.ers 100 acres of con- 
venient lands, and cause the same to be surveyed, marked and stake ^ 
out, and divided into convenient streets, lanes, and alleys, with open 
places to be left for erecting church, chapel, market-house, or other 
public buildings, and the remaining part of the sjiid 100 acres, to 
divide into 100 equal lots, marked on posts. 1, 2, 3. &c., to 100, of 
which the owner of the land, to have his first choice for one lot. No 
person to purchate more than one lot. during tour n.onths after the 
2oth of :\[arcii, 1084, and the lots to be purchased by the inhabitants 
of the con- ty only. But if not taken up by tiiem" within the said 
four months, then to be free to any person whatsoever, to take up the 
same, paying the owner proportional)ly. ' 

If the owners refused, or were disabled Ijy legal incapacity to sell, 
the co-nmissioners were empowered to issue their warrant to the 
sheriff, to sunnnon a jury to value the lands, and the damage by them 
assessed, was to be paid to the owners, by the parties taking up lots, in 
proportion to tl"'" ^■"'^. 

* Bncon 8 Jitw- 



H I S T O R Y F A X X A P O L I S . 53 

The coininissioiiers were empowered to summon the Surveyor-Gen- 
eral, or liis Deputy, in the county, to survey and layout the ''100 
acres aforesaid," and to mark and stake out the same into 100 equal 
lots, with streets. 

After such survey, laying-out, and valuations, any I'crson making: 
choice of a lot, and makinu; entry thereof, with the person appointed 
by the commissioners, to keep tlie book of entries, and payin.2,- or giv- 
ing security for payment of such sum, as should be by direction of the 
commissioners, rated upon such lot, and payaV)le to the owner of the 
land, and building on such lot one sufficient twenty foot square house, 
at the least, before the last day of August, 1085, each respective lot 
to be held of the Lord Proprietary, his heirs forever, under the yearly 
rent of oii'^ penny current money, for each respective lot ; the same, 
or any other manner of settlement or building tliereon, according to 
the directions of Ihe act, was to invest the said taker-up and builder 
with an estate of inheritance in the said lot to him, his heirs, and as- 
signs forever. And also, upon tender of payment and refusal, the 
said buddings as aforesaid, with proof of such tender ard refusal, were to 
be binding to all intents and purposes, against the said parties so re- 
fusing, their heirs, &"c. 

The commissioners for each respective county, named in this act, 
were to appoint a person to keep a book, wherein to enter down each 
man's choice of any respective lot. 

The Surveyor's fee was to be SOibs. of tobacco for each lot, to be 
paid by the taker-up. 

In case the taker-up of any lot should refuse or neglect to build 
within the time by this act appointed, any person whatsoever, might 
take u}» the same, paying the tobacco first set on such lot, to tlie com- 
missioner of the county, or to the person by them appointed to receive 
the same, for the use and benefit of the said town, |)rovided such 
second taker-up begin to build such house, as was limited in the act 
within one month after such his entry, and finish the same within six 
months, which house, so built, should give and settle an estate of in- 
heritance to him and his heirs forever, on said lot. 

Lots not taken up in five years were to revert to their original 
owners '"as in their first and former estate." 

All ships and vessels trading with the province, after August, 1685, 
were lequired to ''unload their respective goods and merchandise at 
such towns, ports and places only," as were in the "act before set 
down and appointed, on j^enalty of forfeiting all such goods and 
merchandizes by them landed, at any other places whatsoever, one- 
third to his lordship, one-third to the benefit of the next adjacent 
town in tne county where such offence shall be committed, and one- 
third to the informer. 

No merchant, factor, mariner, or other person, trading into the 
province, whether foreigner or inhabitants, was allowed to traffic, 
sell, or barter away any goods but at some of these legally appointed 
ports and towns, but it was allowed for workingmen's wages to be 
paid, and the inhabitants were permitted to buy at their own jdanta- 
tions, necessary provisii-ns for their families, with any goods, &g., 
bought at any the ports, or with goods by them purchased, imported, 
and landed at any of the ports. 

All goods and wares, of the growth, production, ormanufactare of 
the province, intended for exportation, had to be brought to one of 



54 ' ' T H E A N C I E N T C I T Y . ' ' 

these ports for sliipment. and all store-house keepers, havinj:^ room for 
storage, were required under i)enalty, to allow goods brought for ex- 
portation to be stored, under rent of 10 lbs. of tobacco per hogsliead. 
The store-house keeper acted by this receipt of goods as insurer of 
the goods, casualties by fire excepted. ' 

"This effort to enlarge tlie "Town at Proctors," it appears, proved 
futile, for, in 1094. commissioners, with similar powers, to those given in 
the act of 1083, were re-appointed todo these 'first worksover again." 



CHAPTER XV. 
The r>rPEA('HMENT of Ma.joii Thomas Ti;r>[AX. 

[lOTo.] The Snsquehannock Indians, at one time one of the most 
powerful tribes in Maryland, liad to retreat before the advance of 
the ferocious Senecas, and, in 1G75, the former located theuiselves in 
the coun'iry of the Piscattoways at the liead of the Potomac. 

Several murders having been committed by these Indians, iNfary- 
land and Virginia united in sending a force against them. The troops 
invested a fort occupied by the Susquehannocks, from whicli during 
the course of the siege, five Indian chiefs were induced, under offers 
of friendshi)) and i)romises of protection, to come into the colonial 
camp, in wliich they were treacherously murdered. 

This l)7ise conduct aroused the indignation of tlie people of "Mary- 
land, and Major Truman was impeached and tried for murder in 1070. 

The first article of impeachment declared : 

"Articles against major Thomas Truman exliiliited by tlie lower 
house of assembly to the right honourable the Lord Proi>riet;irv. and 
upper house of xYssffmbly."--- 

"We, your lordshiji's most humble, true, faithful and obedient |)eo- 
ple, the burgesses and delegates in your lowei' house of assembly, be- 
ing constrained, by necessity of our fidelity and conscience, in viiuli- 
cation of the honour of God, and the honour and welfare of your 
lordship and this province, do complain and shew that the said major 
Thomas Truman, late commander-in-chief ujion an expedition aL'ainst 
the Indians at the Susqueh.annali forte, hath, by ma)iy and sundry 
ways and means, committed divers and sundry enormous crimes and 
offences, to the dishonour of Almighty God, against the laws of na- 
tions, contrary to your l(U*dshij>'s (^onnnissionand instructions, atid to 
the great endangering of your lordshiji's peace, and the good and 
safety of your lordship's province, according to the articles liereaftcr 
mentioned, that is to say : 

"We find, ujion reading your lordship's conuuission and instructions, 
and the affidavits which we herewith send to your lordship and tii)per 
house of assemlily. and which we humbly submit to you lordsliip's 
examination and serious consideration.' 

• Arcliives of ^Inrjlitii'l. AMSt-inhly Pioceedini;'*, |i. IS."). 



History of Annapolis. 55 

"Tlic first. That the said major Truman hath broken his commis- 
sion and instructions thus : that the said major Thomas Truman hav- 
ing received six Indians sent out by the Susquehannahs as embassa- 
dors to treat with him on the Sunday after the arrival of the ]\[ary- 
laiid forces, and received their paper and meddall,t by which we find 
they were received as friends, and in amity with us, and had liberty 
of going back to the fort, and were assured that no intention of force 
was to be used against them, and that no damage should be done to 
them, their wives, or children, and that they did, that night, go into 
the forte, and the next morning did return again with the like num- 
ber, only one Indian changed, and supposed to come on purpose to 
treat, and not in any hostile manner, yet the said major Thomas Tru- 
man, without calling any council of warr of your lordship's officers 
under his command, as he ought to have done, did, in a barbarous 
and cruel manner, cause five of the said Indians to be killed and mur- 
dered, contrary to the law of God and nations, and contrary to your 
lordship's commission and instructions." 

The upper house after a "full hearing on both sides, and after read- 
ing of the said major's commission and instructions from liis loirlship 
and council," found Major Truman guilty as impeached, and ordered 
a messenger to be sent to the lower house to draw up a bill of at- 
tainder against him. 

The lower house prescribed in the l)ill a fine as punishm.ont. The 
upper house objected to a fine being levied for "such broad crimes," 
and said ; "it will be much wondered by those who shall hear and view 
our proceedings thereon, what shall V)e the cause why the same hath 
been past over with so slender and shghta punishment, being no more 
than what crimes of a more inferior nature might have deserved." 

The lower house replied to this l)y saying "that the said Major 
Truman, for his crime does not deserve death, in regard that several 
circumstances that appeared at his tryall, extenuated his crime very 
much, as the unanimous consent of tlie Virginians, and the eager im- 
petuosity of the whole field, as well Marylanders, upon the sight of 
the Christians murdered at Mr. Hinson's, and them very Indians 
that were there killed, being proved to be murderers, both of them 
and several other Christians; and in regard, also* that it appears to 
this house that the said crime was not maliciously perpetrated, or out 
of any design to prejudice the province, but merely out of ignorance, 
and to prevent a mutiny of the whole army, as well Virginians as 
Marylanders; wherefore, this house do not think fittto recede from 
their former vote.'' 

Between the dift'erences of the two houses on the suliject. Major 
Truman appears to have escaped punishment altogether. 

t Very pioh:itily thosf^ received when iliey m ui-- ih ' Treaty "ith tiie Pari- 
tau< on the JSevni in 1652. 



CHAPTER XVI. 

Eemoval of the State Capital frdm St. Mary's 

TO Annapolis. 

[1694.] Plant a capital on any site, and it immediately throws out 



56 ' ' T H E A N C I E N T C I T Y . " 

its tendrils, and takes root in the l)ody politic and in the affections of 
the i)eople. Time increases the dejjth of these roots, and di?ninislies 
the clianees of tlieir transplantinc:. History establishes the fact that 
capitals are not easily removed from one place to another, and that a 
State clings to the site of its ancient cai)ital with almost religious 
veneration. Catholic Italy, for a time deprived of its early 
seat of government, at the favorable moment, i)ut its armies in 
motion, and headed by a son of the Church, thrusts the Pope into the 
narrow confines of the Vatican, and seizes upon its ancient capital to 
the joy of a Catholic i)eople. 

Maryhi'iid, since her settlement as a colony, has had but two sub- 
stantial changes of her capital. Several temporary removals of the 
place of the meeting of the General Assembly and the sessions of the 
Courts have taken place, but from 10o4, the year of the settlement of 
Maryland, to 1083, "St. Marie's," in St. Mary's county, remahied 
leually, and, most of the time, really, the venerated capital of Mary- 
land. 

The first evidence St. Mary's had that its treasured prerogative, the 
possession of the capital, could be taken from her, was in 1054, after 
the parliamentary commissioners, Bennett and Claiborne, had reduced 
the colony to ol)edience to the commonwealth — to which authority it 
was never overtly disobedient. The Assembly, called by the Puritan 
provincial authorities, met at one liichard Preston's nouse on the Pa- 
tuxent liiver, to which place tlie documents and records of the colony 
kad been removal. In 1050, whilst St. Mary's remained the residence 
of Lord Baltimore's Lieutenant in the Province, Gov. Fendall, Pa- 
tuxent still continued the place of the regular meeting of the General 
Assembly. St. Mary's, in the year lO'iO, was fully restored to all her 
ancient prerogatives, and, in that year, the session of the General As- 
sembly was held tlua-e. 

St. Mary's remained undisturbed in her re-acknowledged honors 
until 1083, when, through the remote-.-.ess of the town from the rest 
of the province, its inconvenience, ani1 expense of access, which had 
always been "felt and often complained of," she was once more tem- 
porarily shorn of iier laurels. Tlie will of tlie Proprietary and feel- 
iiiiTS of* the iH'ople conspired to sustain tlie ]>rivileges of tl'iis ancient 
cin- ; but the former, in 1083. yielded to the desires of the long-suffer- 
iuii p('oi)le, and the Assembly was removed, with the courts and pro- 
A-incial offices, to a place called the "Ridge," in Anne Arundel county. 
One session only of the Gejieral Assembly was held here. The poor 
accommodations of the Ridge drove tliem hence, and the ])eripatetic 
caintal took up its ai)ode on Battle Creek, on the Patuxent River, 
from wiience, after a session of three days only, it was again removed 
to its old site, the city of St. Mary's. The Proviiicial Court found it 
necessary to adjourn* also from the Ridge, from the want of necesstiry 
accounnodations. 

Once >nore settled at St. Mary's, the Proprietary gave the inhal)itants 
of tiiat town a written promise that the caj)itai "should not l)e re- 
moved ao-ain during his life." Resting under this assurance the peo- 
ple of St? Mary's had reason to feel secure in fiie possession of the 
capital of the province, at least, for the uncertain duration of the jn'o- 
iirietary's life. Subsequent events proveil the vanity of human calcu- 
lations uj)on this tenure. 
* JMi-Jhihon s Mmvland, i>, 'jr.i. 



History ofAnnapolis. 57 

Providence, evidently, had a desire for the location of the seat of 
government within its limits very early in its history, for in 16T4. when 
the Legislature was considering the propriety of erecting a State 
House, prison, and office, at the Ridge, a member of the lower house 
stated, and the house sent the message to the Governor and Council 
that ''there are severall persons of qualitie in Anne Arundel county 
that will undertake to build a State House, prison and office at there 
own charge onlie to be repaid by the countrey when the buildings are 
finished and to build a House for his Excelency, at .their own proper 
costs and charges." The Lower House showed that it was fully ripe 
for the innovation by voting "that it be necessarie and this house doe 
petition his Excelencie accordinglie." 

The Upper House gave a sharj) reply. It returned "answer to 
which vote the Captaine General signifieth to the Lower House that 
he, having by.writiehig allreadie declared his choice and the public 
faith l)eing allreadie passed, and conceiving that this Last Paper is noe 
answer to the last message of this House tuching the Buildings, doth 
not thinke fit to take anie further notice of the said Paper ; but that 
the Lower House be desired to signefie to this House of what dimen- 
sion the said Buildings are to be and then some persons will ofEer 
themselves as undertakers of the same." 

In 1089, William of Orange mounted the throne of England, and 
Protestantism l^ecame the ascendant religion in that kingdom. Lord 
Baltimore received instructions to proclaim William and Mary, as 
sovereigns, in the province of Maryland. He promptly obeyed the 
command. His orders, however, failed to reach his agents in Mary- 
land in proper season, and, waiting to hear his mind in the matter, 
the Proprietary's "timid deputies lost him his government by shirking 
in a 'moment of emergency above the ordinary restrictions of law, 
from the exercise of powers not nominated in their commission."! 

The instrument of the revolution in the province was an organiza- 
tion known as "An Association in arms for the defense of the Pro- 
testant religion, and for asserting the rights of King William and 
Queen Mary to the provhice of Maryland and all the English domin- 
ions." John Coode was the leader of the association. After a brief 
struggle, the association, in August, 1G89, obtained entire possession 
of the province. A convention was immediately held in the name of 
the association, and a full account of the proceedings and purposes oC 
the organization was submitted to the King. 

The King approved the revolution, and the province remained under 
the authority of the convention until April 9th. 1692. At that time, 
in accordance with the wishes of the convention. Sir Lionel Copley, 
who liud appointed the first royal governor of Maryland, assumed 
control of the aifairs of the province. He convened the Legislature 
immediately. Notwithstanding the governor counselled moderation 
in legislation, the General Assembly commenced its work by throwing 
a fire l)rand in the province, in thanking the King for redeeming them 
"from the arbitrary will and pleasure of a tyrannical Popish govern- 
ment under which they had so long groaned." A most gratuitous 
and unwarrantable assertion. They followed up that charge, with 
the cstabKshment of the protestant religion in the ])rovince, and pro- 
viding for its support by general taxation. Lord Baltimore's agents 

t McMuiioti's Maryland, p. 23(5. 



58 - • T HE Ancient City.'' 

were then prohibited from reeeiviiij^ port duties, and his collection of 
his land rents was ,t,a-ievously interferred with. 

The old city of St. Clary's, around wliich clustered all the historic 
associations of early settlement, and which had been the permanent 
seat of iTovernment since the existence of the colony, was innnolated 
in turn upon the altar of revolution. The town at this time. 1094, 
contained about sixty houses — a number it had reached a few years 
after its settlement. It had soon obtained its full growth. Stunted 
in its early energies, its vital powers were sapped, and, at the period 
when the removal of the capital was suggested, had become **a mere 
landing-place for the trade of its own immediate neighborhood." St. 
Mary's had several disadvantages that presented the town nnfavora- 
l)ly to the body of Legislators. Situated at the southern extremity of 
the province, it was remote from the rest of the inhabitants, and the 
expense and inconvenience, in those days of incommodious traveling, 
attended access to, and egress from the place. Besides its local dis- 
advantages, it had one feature to discommend it to the partizans of 
that day. Its people were Catholics, whilst the Legislature was pecu- 
liarly Protestant, at least, as far as illiberal men could represent 
protestant principles. With all these against it, there is no wonder 
at the result, although a State House of respectable dimensions at St. 
Mary's indicated what expense would attend the loss of one capitol, 
and the building of another. 

The })lace contemplated as the new capital was the "Town at Proc- 
tors," now Annapolis. This place, as we may judge from an almost 
contemporary description of it, was not so large even as St. Mary's 
but, by an ac^t of the Legislature of 1088, it had been created as a town 
and port of entry. In 1094, previous to the removal of the cai)ital, it 
was named. ''Anne xVrundel Town," and was made the residence 
of the district collector, the naval othcer. and their deputies, "for the 
dispatch of shipping." Passing ahead of the period of which we are 
writing, we quote a description of the town penned about six years 
l|iter. It reads. "Col. Nicholson has done his endeavor to make a 
town of that place. There are ai)out forty dwelling houses in it, 
seven or eight of which can afford a good lodging or accommodations 
for strangers. There are also a State House and a free school, built 
of brick, which make a great show among a parc'el of wooden houses, 
and the foundation of a church is laid, the onlylirick church in Maryland. 
They have two market days in a week ; ancl had (tov. Nicholson con- 
tinued there a few months longer, he had brought it to iierfeetion.'"]: 
The people of St. Mary's were not disposed to let this v.-ilued 
treasure slip from their grasp, without making the most stremu^us 
efforts to retain it. They turned their eyes toward Gov. Nicholson, 
lifted uj) their hands, and. casting themselves at his feet in an 
agony of des] eration, as their only'hope, |)rayed him for succor in this, 
the day of their calamity. They directed a petition to him as "his 
Excellency." and as "Captain General and Governor in chief, in and 
over this, their Majestys* province and Territory of ]\[aryland." The 
address beiran, ''The Mayor. Recorder. Aldermen, Common Cotmcil- 
men, and Freemen, of the city of St. Mary's in the said province, and 
jirincipally. from the bottom oi their hearts, they rejoice in your Ex- 
cellency's happy accession to this, your Governnient ; and "sincerely 
t (Jl«!m xon .- lli'torv of V'li' iiiiit. 



HistoryofAnnapolis. 59^ 

pray for your peaceable and quiet enjoyment thereof, and long and 
prosperous continuance therein for the Glory of God, their Majestys' 
service, the good and benefit of their subjects, and your own particu- 
lar comfort and satisfaction." 

The petition then proceeds to supplicate the Governor to continue 
to the petitioners "their ancient franchises, rights, and privileges, 
granted them by tlieir cliarter with such other i)enefits and advantages 
as liath been accustomed and generally allowed, and, from time to 
time, continued to them by your predecessors, rulers, and governors 
of the ])rovince, humbly offering and proposing to your Excellency 
these following reasons as motives inducing thereto." 

These reasons were classed under sixteen heads. The first, in full : 

'■^Iniprinms, As that it was the prime and original settlement of 
the province, and from the first seating thereof for above sixty years 
hath been the antient and chief seat of Government." 

The second reason was because Lord Baltimore had conferred on it, 
in consideration of the above fact, especial privileges. 

The third paragraph set forth tliat the capital should remain where 
it was, because "the situation in itself is most pleasant and healthful, 
and naturally commodious in all respects for the purpose, being plen- 
tifully and well watered with good andwliolesome springs, and almost 
encompassed around with harbor for shipping, where five hundred sail 
of sliip, at least, may securely ride at anchor before the city." The 
town also contained, this section asserted, excellent points of land on 
which to erect fortifications to defend the said shipping, and for the 
preservation of the "public magazine and records of the province." 

Tlie fourth argument recited tliat the capital ought not to be re- 
moved, because," by an act of the Legislature of 10(53, land was bought, 
and in 1674; the Legislature passed an act to build a State House and 
a prison, which cost the province 300,000 pounds of tobacco ; and in 
the next asserted that the inhabitants of St. Mary's had made and 
paid a free offering of 100,000 pounds of tobacco to build Lord Balti- 
more a house adjacent to the town. 

The si:;th and seventh paragraphs recounted the removal of the Leg- 
islature and Courts to the Kidge in 1688, and those inconveniences 
that brought again the .capital to the "antient seat of government." 

The eighth reason given was that, for the encouragement of the in- 
habitants rf St. Mary's to make provision for the accommodation of 
the persons who would be called to the town by public business. Lord 
Baltimore promised the seat of government should not be removed 
from St. Mary's during his life. 

The ninth section states that "upon which encouragement given, 
several of the Inhabitants of the Sc\id city have launched out, disbursed 
considerable estates to their great impoverishment and almost utt|r 
ruin, if they should be defeated of such, their promised encourage- 
ment, and not only so, but divers others the inhabitants for several 
miles about contiguous and adjacent to the said county, upon the 
same encouragement of his Lordship, have seated themselves upon 
mean and indifferent lands, and laid out their estates, and made im- 
provements thereon, barely for tlie raising of stock wherewith to sup- 
ply the said city for the end and purpose aforesaid, which is now be- 
come their whole and only dependence for their future support and 
maintenance." 



GO ' ' T U E A N C 1 E N T C I T Y . ' • 

The tenth para<rraph laid down the advantafjes of St. Mary's, as to 
its convenience tor masters of vessels and others coming' in and 2:oing 
out of the j>rovince, for the dispatch of letters and expresses, its ac- 
cessibleness from Patuxeiitand Potomac Rivers, and the "Main Bay," 
and the colony of Viri^inia, "with whom" the petition affirmed, "mu- 
tual intercourse and correspondence is most undeniably necessary and 
material." 

The eleventh reason g;iv(in announced that the cai)ital should not be 
removed because Gov. Copley had been required to enter upon his 
gubernatorial duties at St. ^Mary's ! 

The twelth set forth that "scarce any precedent can be produced of 
so sudden a change, as the removal of the antient and chief seat of 
government, upon the careless suggestion and allegation of some par- 
ticular persons for theirown private interest an advantage :" and evi- 
dently to array Gov. Nicholson upon the side of St. Mary's, the peti- 
tioners flattered him with the soft impeachment that the removal of 
the capital was invested with him as their majestys' representative, 
and, at his Excellency's "feet," continued the petitioners, "we humbly 
cast ourselves for relief and support against the calamities and ruin 
wherewith we are threatened, and wlioUy relying upon your Excel- 
lency's grace and favor tlierein, witli whom, we also conceive, should 
be good manners in all persons first to treat and interceed, before they 
presume to make any peremptory result, in case of so high a nature 
as this may be." 

The thirteenth and fourteenth paragraphs reminded the Governor 
that, in 1692, "it was put to the vote of a full house, whether the 
holding of the Courts and Assembly at Saint Mary's were a grievance, 
or not. and carried'in the negative," and they, the petitioners "hum- 
bly conceive that house did well consider all difficulties and outlays, 
losses, anl expenses to be incurred in moving the capital, l>esidestlie 
hazards and casualties of removing and transporting tlie records from 
one ]»lacc to another, of wliich already some experience hath been 
had," 

To meet all the objections of inconvenience of travel to the "antient 
and chief seat of government," the petitioners offered to ])rovide as 
soon as possible "a coach, or caravan, or both, to go at all times of 
public meeting of Assemblies and Provincial Courts, and so forth, 
everyday, daily, l)etween St. Mary's and Patuxent Kiver, and at all 
other times, once a week, and also to keep constantly on hand a dozen 
horses at least, with suitable furniture, for any person, or persons, 
having occasion to ride post, or otherwise,, with or witliout a guide, to 
any ]»ort of tlie ju-ovince on tlu^ Western shore." 

The sixteentii and concluding paragraph argued that the objection 
that St. Mary's was not in the centre of the province, and, therefore, 
not suitable as the capital, was conspicuously untenable from the 
fact that the Imperial Court is held in London, "as far from the cen- 
tre of England as St. Marie's in this province ; Boston, in New Eng- 
land : Port Royal, in Jamaica : Jamestown, in Virginia ; and almost 
all other, their ^Iaje><ties American j>lantations, wiiere are ^till kept 
and continued in tlieir first antient stations and places, the chief seat 
of irovernment and courts of judicature.'' 

Then follow tlie names of the Mayor, Aldermen and Councilmen of 
St. Maries, with the freemen thereof, among the latter l)eing that of 
John Coode. 



HisTORYOpAxyjipoLis. 61 

After the signatures comes an especial sop for the governor's vanity, in 
which the same parties hoped that the reasons and motives herewith 
offered to his Excellency and the Council will prevent their assent to 
the contemplated law, and affirmed that they placed their reliance on 
"his Excellency's known experience, assisted by so worthy a council." 
They urged again that it was a royal prerogative only to change the 
seat of government, and when that authority was invaded "the State 
is in a confusion." Knowing their Majesties' respect for the rights 
of their subjects, as "sufficiently evidenced by their placing a person 
of your Excellency's hnoivn regard to the same at the helm of the gov- 
ernment, the petitioners do humbly conceive that it is not consistent 
with the rules of gratitude for so great a blessing, as to pass a law 
which your petitioners are well informed, is an apparent incroach- 
ment upon their Majesties' prerogative." 

They supplemented their lengthly review of the case with a prayer, 
which showed how solicitous the people of St. Mary's were for the 
reputation of the State. "Least," said the petitioners, "the province 
may be so blamed as to have it said that it was the first of the Ameri- 
can plantations, that offered violence to the prerogative of so worthy 
a prince," they ask that the governor will reject" the bill, until, at 
least, leave be first obtained from his Majesty. An apology for putting 
with so much freedom his Excellency in mind of a matter which they 
knew was his "chiefest care to preserve," concludes the paper. The 
Governor sent the petition to the lower house. 

The quaint and jeering reply of that body to this petition was found 
in a yellow and musty MS, at the Land Office, Annapolis, Md. It is 
quoted entire : 

"By the Assembly, Oct. the 11th, 1694. 

"This House have read and considered of the petitions and reasons 
of the Mayor, Aldermen, and others, calling themselves Common 
Council and Freemen of the City of St. Maries^ against removing the 
Courts and Assembly of, from this Corner and poorest place in the 
province, to the Center and best abihtated place thereof. Although 
wee conceive the motives there laid downe, are hardly deserving any 
answer at all, many of them being arjainst the plain matter of^fact, 
some against i-eason, and all against Generall good and wellfaire of 
the province ; yet, ])ecause your Excellency has been pleased to lay 
them before us, wee humbly returne this, our sence of the same, that 
as to the 1 : 2 : 3 : 4 : 5 : 6 : 7 : and 8 : Reasons, relating to what his 
Lord Proprietary has thought fitt to doe to the city of St. Maries, it 
is noe Rule, nor Guide to their Majesties, your Excellency, nor this 
hfuise. Itt seemes in some 2^arts to reflect on his Lord Proprietary 
more than this house believes is true, or deserved by his Lord Proprie- 
tary. 

"2. As to the 9 : this house say that it is against the plain m.atter 
of fact, for wee can decerne noe Estate, either laid out, or to lay out 
in, or about this famous City comparable with other parts of this pro- 
vince. But they say, and can make appoare that there has been moore 
3Ioney spent here, by three degrees or more, than this city and all the 
inhabitants for tenn miles round is worth, and say that having had 
<>Oty-odd years experience of this place, and almost a quarter part of 
the province devoured by it, and still, like Pharoah's kine, remain as 



03 ' ' 1^ H E A N c 1 E N T City.'' 

at first, they are discouraged to add any more of their substance to 
such ill iiiij)rovers. 

"As to the Tenth and Eleventh, wee conceive the beinp: of St. 
Maries soe neare Vir2:iniu, is not soe great an advantage to the jtro- 
vince, as the placeing the Courts in the Centre and Ilichest part of 
the same, which is noe great distance from thence of Virginia either, 
and nearer Xew York and other Governments which wee have as 
much to doe with as Virginia, if not more, and tiie place as well 
watered and as Commodious in all respects as St. Maries, which has 
only served hither to cast a Blemish upon all the rest of the province 
in the Judgment of all discerning strangers who, perceiving the 
meanness of the head, must rationally judge proportionably--- of the 
})ody tliereof. 

"To the 12 : 13 : and 14 : they say that they doe not hold themselves 
accountal)le to the Mayor and his Brethern for what they doe for their 
€ountroy's service, nor l)y what measures they do the same, nor what 
time they shall take to doe it in. nor for what reasons ; and are, and 
will be as carefuU of the records and properties of the people, as the 
proprietary. 

"To the' loth : the house say the petitioners offer faire as they have 
done formerly ; but never yet performed any, and this house believes 
that the Generall welfare of the province ouglit to take place of that 
sugar plum of all the Mayor's Coaches, who, as yet, lias not one. 

"To the 10 : this house conceive that the citty of St. Maries is very 
unequally rankt with London, Boston, Port Royall, &c. 

"All which wee humbly offer to your Excellency's juditious Con- 
sideration." 

All the honeyed words of flattery that fell from the lips of the pe- 
titioners upon the ear of his "Excellency," were also unavailing. On 
the reception of the answer of the House of Delegates, the council 
tersely recorded its view of the matter, in this brief paragraph — "This 
Board concur with the said answers made by the House of Burgesses." 

The removal was consummated the ensuing winter, and the Assem- 
bly met first on the 28th of February, 1094, (old style.) in its new 
capital. 

The archives of the province, wliich were the objects of such disin- 
terested solicitude on the part of the peojde of St. Mary's were ordered 
to be carried "in good strong bags, and to be secured with cordage 
and hides, and well jjacked — with guards to attend them night and 
day, to ill' })rof('cf('(l from all accidents, (!) and to be delivered to the 
Sheriff of Anne Arundel County at Anne Arundel Town." These re- 
cords reached Annapolis in the winter of 1094-9o. 

* This \v(»rtl is found in a later <'opy. In the 6; rli.'r records it seems to be 
•'fxporcunably.'' 



CHAPTER XVII. 
CHRONirLES OF AxXAPOLLS FROM 1G94 TO 1700. 

[1094.] By chapter 8, acts of 1694, passed Oct. 18th, the name of 
•'Town-Land at Proctors." now Annapolis, was changed to the "Town 
and Port of Ann-Arundel." The commissioners by the act of 1G94 



II I S T O R Y O F A 2s X A P L 1 S . Go 

-were Major John Hammond, Major Edward Dorsey, Mr. John Ben- 
nett, Mr. John Dorsey, Mr. Andrew Norwood, Mr. Phihp Howard, 
Mr. James Sanders, and the Honorable Xicholas Greenbury, Esq. The 
eonclnding section of this act, appointhig the commissioners, says: 
"That, at the Town and Port at Severn in Anne Arundel county, shall 
be bought' or valued by the Jury as before in this act is mentioned, all 
that parcel or neck of Land within Leary Neck-Cove""'" and Acton's Covef 
lying and adjoining, or near, to the said Town as aforesaid, or so much 
thereof as by the commissioners shall be found convenient, to be fenced 
in and called The Towx Common, 'or Pasture, and paid for, and fenced 
in at the Public Charge: And shall be for the public use and service, 
when need shall require, and that the inhabitants of the said Town 
shall not raise any of cattle or hogs, horse's or sheep, more than what 
they can contain and raise upon their respective lot or lots, and not 
more, at the discretion of the commissioners." 

This same act also constituted Ann- Arundel town a port of entry 
and i)lace of trade, and made it the place of residence of the collector 
of the district, naval oificer, and their deputies, "for the dispatch of 
shipping." 

[1095.] Dignified with the seat of government, Annapolis put on its 
honors with the stir of a new vitality. The Legislature ordered one 
or more places to be laid out and reserved as ship-yards, and passed 
an act giving Anne Arundel the Town the more euphonious title, of An- 
napolis, "Chap. II of this session enacthig that the port shad for ever 
hereafter be denominated, called and known by the Name and Port of 
Annapolis, and by no other Name or Distinction whatever. ' ' 

The first session of the Legislature in Annapolis was held in the 
house of Major Edward Dorsey, begining on February 28. 1094, 0. S.. 
(or 1095, N. S.) 

One day during this session, the Legislature adjourned in a body to 
an ale-house, if, for other than the inferential reason, is not stated ; but 
the affair excited the indignation of Governor Francis Nicholson. 

Brick clay of good quality having been discovered near Annapolis, 
contracts were made with Casper August Herman, a luirgess from 
Cecil, for building the parish church, school-house, and Stadt-house.* 

This Assembly voted "that a publique ferry be kept upon Severn 
river at Annapolis, for the accommodation of the publique." Allen 
Robinett was appointed keeper of the ferry and was required to reside 
in Annapolis, and for his services was paid 9000 pounds of tobacco 
a year, out of the pulilic revenues. This ferry was maintained by the 
Anne Arundel county authorities to the year 1887, when it was super- 
seded by a bridge. 

In the act of 1095, "for keeping good rules and orders in the Port of 
Annapolis," it was eiiacted that "for encouragement of all sorts, of 
tpadesmen, or men of calling, to. come and inhabit the town aforesaid, 
«- i-:- ■;•:- in * ^]^y^^ when any baker, brewer, tailor, dyer, or any such 
tradesmen, that, by their practice of their trade, may any ways annoy, 
or disquiet the neighbors or inhabitants of the town, it shall and may 
be lawful for the commissioners and trustees aforesaid, to allot and 
appoint such tradesmen such part or parcel of land, out of the pre- 
sent town pasture, as to the said commissioners shall seem meet 

* 111 Gr'ivev;n-d Civek. 
t 111 ^pi Creek. 

* State-liou.-f . 



64 " T H E A N C I E N T C I T Y . " 

and convenient for the exercise of such trade, a sufficient distance 
from the said town as may not be annoyance thereto, not exceeding 
the quantity of one lot or acre of land to any one tradesman afore- 
said. And provided, the same trade and lots of land for that use, 
may be as near toii^ether and contiguous as the nature of the trade will 
allow, without hindering or annoying one. another, which said ap- 
pointment and parcel of land aforesaid, allotted by the commissioners 
and trustees aforesaid, shall ])e to such i)ersons, tradesmen, and their 
heirs for ever, and to the maintenance of sucli trades and not others." 

[1090.] In this year, the Legislature passed an act for "keeping 
good rules and order" in the town of Amiapolis. and Gov. Nicholson, 
the Honorable Sir Thomas Lawrence, the Honorable Nicholas Green- 
bury, the Honorable Thomas Tench, ^Nlajor .John Hammond, .Major 
Edward Dorsey, 'Mr. -James Sanders, and Captain Richard Hill, or any 
five of them, were made the body cor];K)rate for the town. The same 
act gave Governor Nicholson a lot of land within the town common, 
"for planting or making a garden, vhie-yard, and summer-house." 
This land comprised all that part of the town beginning on the north 
east side the present dock, (then called Nicholson's Cove,) running 
with a straight line to East street, with the said street to State House 
Circle, with the Circle to Francis street, then down Francis to Church, 
down Church to the south east side of the dock. There stood within 
the lines of this lot, until fifteen years since a house, for many years 
occu[>ied by Mrs. Richard Ridgely, which tradition says was the house 
where the first Governor who lived in Annajjolis resided. That Gover- 
nor was Francis Nicholson. The house stood on the corner of Hyde's 
alley and Cornhill street and was of frame and of an architecture 
curious and ancient. 

It ajipears from the same act that Mr. Richard Beard had made a 
maj), or plot, of Annapolis. 

The commissioners were authorized to erect a market-house and to 
hold a markeV once a week, and a fair every year. 

At the same session it was proposed to have a Bridewell, "if any 
person would undertake to build and keo]) it that all idle and vagrant 
perpers may be taken up and put to work there." 

The house declared, "that such Bridewell, or house of correction, was 
very necessary and convenient, but that the present ill circumstances 
of this ]>rovince will not admit the beginning or carrying on of any 
new building then already undertaken." 

For the improvement of' Annapolis, it was proposed and adopted by 
the house "that ye townes poeple be empowered to purchase a com- 
mon, ami for the commissioners of the said town to make bye-laws, 
with jiower to Ilyne any persons, inhabitants committing breach 
thereof in such summetobeascertahied." "To assess ye conduit made 
at the i^ubhque charge. That the common be well (deaned Avith ye 
points of land, and ye place dividing the common to be well ditclied." 
•'That an handsome pair of gates be made at ye coming in of the townc, 
and two triangular houses Iniilt for ye rangers." "To have the way 
from the gate to go directly to the top of ye hill without thetowne,and 
to be ditched on each side and sett with quick setts or some such thing.""*' 

"That part of the land which lye on ye creeke,t by major Dorsey's 

* Kicluely's .Aiiuals of Annapolis, 11.90. 

t Tliis ereek jius^eii n|j Kinj; (leorge street jiiiil Piiterod the {garden \\ h re 
I>r. S. D. Kenedy now lesides, 



History of A x x a p o l i s . 05 

house, whereby his excellency at present lives,"-'- \yc sett aside for pub- 
Jique buildiuii-s. and if in case the same happen to come within any 
of ve said major's lotts, — propose that land be c:iven him elsewhere 
for'it. 

"To have in the said towne two ffairs a year, and persons coming 
thither not to be arrested for one day before the said ffair and one day- 
after. 

"That forty foot space be left along the water side within the port 
of Annapolis, for any person to build warehouses upon if the owners 
of such lotts that front upon the same do not build thereon in such a 
tyme to be sett." "That the holes made by grubbing up stumps and 
cutting off tops of stones in the said port of AnnapoTis be filled up." 

It was proposed this session to build a church in Annapolis, and a 
committee was appointed to "inspect into the proposals for building the 
same." 

Major Edward Dorscy, from the committee, reported 'that there was 
in Banck for building the church at Annapolis, £458 sterling. That 
they had discoursed workmen, and the carpenter demands for his 
work £350 — the bricklayer, having all stuff \\\^on the place. £220 — the 
brickmaker £90 — that they find no other means to raise money there- 
for without the assistance of some charitable disposed persons'. That 
the charge of building the said church will amount to £1,200 ster- 
ling." 

An was act passed the same day imposing a tax of "three pence ner 
hundred on tobacco, to continue and be in force until the 12th dav of 
May, which shall be in the year of our Lord God, 1698, and to be*ap- 
phed to the building of ye church at Annapolis." The architect of 
this church was Thomas Ffie'der. 

This year a Mr. Gaddess arrived at Annapolis, "being sent, out hj 
his Lordship the Bishop of London and the house appointed him to 
read prayers in some vacant parish, and made a provision for his sup- 
port of 10,000 pounds of tobacco." 

The legislature at its May session, in 1696, passed the act, establish- 
ing at Annapolis the famous "King William's School," "forthe pro- 
pagation of the gospel and education of youth in good letters and 
manners." At this school the distinguished William Pinkney was a 
student. 

_ Mr. Pinkney was a native of Annapolis, and his renown is naturally 
linked with that of another distinguished lawyer and son of Annapo- 
lis, Reverdy Johiison, who followed him in the classic halls of St. 
John's, the lineal descendant of King William's school. These two 
men, whose talents and renown have been the glory of the nation, 
ought to have barbed the arrows of derision that conceited minds have 
often aimed at the age and size of the ancient city. When the long 
roll of America's illustrious names is called, the little hamlet on the 
Severn proves its right to existence by pointing with just pride to 
Pinkney and Johnson as the peers of any, in virtue, intellect, and 
patriotism. "^ 

[1700.] A general visitation of the clergy of the province was held 
at Annapolis, May 23, 1700. This was summoned by Rev. Dr. Bravf 

* This is thelionse vvhere Mis. ilargaret Marchand now live'; 

t Allen's St. Anne's Pansli, p. 34. 

5 



C6 ' * T II E A N C I E N T C I T y, ' ' 

who had been appointed by the Bishop of London, commissary of 
Maryhmd. This convocation, the first hekl in America, is memora- 
ble for orginatint? "the first missionary effort made by any part of the 
church on this continent." Tiie field selected was Pennsylvania — the 
people tlie Quakers ! Three clergymen a])peared at this convocation 
from Anne Arundel. They were Henry Hall, of St. Jamc's, Ilei-ring 
Creek ; Josei)h Colbach, of All Hallows ; and Edward Toj)p, of An- 
napolis. 



CHAPTER XVIII. 

The First State House ix Axnapolis. 

[169G.] "The foundation of the First State House in Annapolis 
Was laid April 30, 1G9G.- 

[10!)7.] On the 11th oi'June, 1097, the Legislature passed the fol- 
lowing :t 

"Wiiereas, this Province hath been at great charge and expense in 
the building of a State House, or Public House of Judicatui-e, at tliis 
Port of Annajiolis, whicli is now almost finished and completed, and 
to the end that the said House and the several rooms and a{)artments 
therein, may in time present and to come, be ai)plied and appropriated 
to the uses and jjurposes tlie same was designed for, and no other. 

"11. Be it enacted by the King's Most Excellent Majesty, by and 
with the advice and consent of the present General Assembly, and tlie 
authority of tlie same, that the said State House and the several rooms 
and apartments therein, for the time present and to come, be, and is 
herel)y appointed and approj)riate(1 to the uses and purposes hereafter 
mentioned, and no other, that is to say, 

"III. The great room below stairs, for courts and assemblies to sit 
in ; the little room below the stairs to l)e for a magazine for everything 
Ijut powder to lie in ; the two rooms on the right hand above stairs, 
for jury and committee rooms ; the two rooms on the left hand, to be 
for provincial and land-ollice records to be kept ; and the fore-porch 
to be for the commissary's office, and records of i)robate of wills and 
granting administrations, &c., to be kept in: the two rooms on the 
right hand in the up{)er lofts, one for the county clerk to keep the 
county records in, and the other for Annapolis town clerk to keep his 
papers in ; and the other two rooms on the left hand, one of them for 
keeping the records of the Chancery court, and the other for keeping 
the records of the Governor and Councils in one part of it, and another 
part of the same room for lodging of all bonds, bills, certificates, 
dockets and other navul i)aj)ers, transmitted from the Collectors and 
Naval Olficers of this province. * * *" * The room above the 
hick-porch to })e for the Clerk of the House of Delegates to keep the 

T liiicon's LiiwH. 

• Allen's Hist )ry of yt. Anne'e, p. 27. 



II 1 s T Ji Y o V A X X A r o LIS. GT 

Journals of Procesdintrs of that House in : and the loft above the fore- 
porch over tlie Comniissary's office to be for hanging a lanthorn ont, 
and for a committee room." 

Thns dis[)osin^- of the apartments, the Assembly enacted that the 
'•'rooms be fitted np with all necessary and convenient 'boxes and 
shelves, desks, and tables to write on. and at the door of every office a 
bar l)e made, within which no person shall come, but the clerk of such 
offi.ee. nrdess upon nrsjent and a-reat occasion." 

"flis Excellency. Francis Nicholson, his Majesty's present Governor 
of this ])roviuce. the Honorable Sir Thomas Lawrence. Baronet, his 
Majesty's Secretary, and the Honorable Henry Jowles, Esq., Chancel- 
lor of the province, and the Honorable Ken elm Cheseldyn, the Com- 
missary General," were made a committee to carry out the provisions 
of this act. 

[1699.] This State House had a brief and trade history. On the 
journal of the House of the 13th of July. 1(390. is the following : 

'.Ofemorandum. that on Thursday. July loth, about four or five of 
the clock in the afternoon, a violent flftsh of lightnin<]: broke into the 
State-house at Annapolis : the House of Delegates "oeino: there sitting, 
which instantly killed Mr. James Crauford, one of the members of 
Calvert cor.nty. and hurt and wounded several other members, and 
shattered and broke most ])art of the doors and window pases belong- 
ing to the said house, and sett ye said State House on fire in one of 
the upper chambers, and several other daraacres : but the fire was 
presently quenched by the diliQ:ence and industry of Ills Excellency. 
Nathaniel Blackistone, his majesty's governor."]: 

[1T04.] In 1704. the State House was burned down. From what 
cause it was ignited is left to conjecture. Gov. Seymour in his mes- 
sage on the subject said : 

"The late melanclioly accident might have been prevented had my 
often admonitions took place : for I never saw any public building: 
left solely to Providence but in Maryland. I hope this sad experi- 
ment will awaken your care for time to come, and in the interim your 
best considerations to secure the laws and records of your country iov 
•the advantage and quiet of future generations. What is proper to be 
done in rebuilding your Stadt-house, so very necessary for the accom- 
modation of the public, I leave entirely to your own serious debates 
and decision, for I have no other aim than the true interest and service 
of your country."**" 

This State House had been ordered to be built by the Lesrislature of 
1694.t 

t Kideelv's Auhal-^ of Annapnli.*, i>. 104. 
** Ridirely-s Ann;»!s of AniiMpnlis. ]i. 105. 
t Ri(ij;ely.s Anri.ii.s < f A'in.i|">Jis, p. 9:!. 



08 " T H E A N C I E X T C I T Y . " 

CITAPTKU XIX. 
St. Axnf/s PAiiisii.'-'^ 



1G92— 1887. 

[1092.] This parish is one of thirty which were established under 
the Act of Assembly, of 1092, The loss of the first twelve pa.i^es of 
the j>arish records has robbed us of much of its valuable history. In 
the returns, however, of the several vestries in the province to the 
Governor and his Council in 1092, St. Anne's w;is designated l)y the 
name of Middle X'eck Parish, and consisted of the terntoiy between 
South and Severn rivers. 

Tlie destruction of these pages of the records of tlie parish has left 
to speculation the origin of the jiame of the parish. There is, however, 
luirdly any doubt bwt that it was named in honor of the reputed motlier 
i>t the Virgin Mary, St. Ann ; and so designated l.>ecause it wasa hapjjy 
coincidence with the name of the Princess Atine, afterward ()aocn 
Anne, of England. 

[1094.] On the 8th of Octo1)er. 1094. the Governor proposed to his 
council that, at the port of Annapolis, a lot belaidolf for the minister 
nigh to where the church is to stand, and that the uiinister beobhged 
to read prayers twice a day. On the 7th of May 1090, Mr. Coney, 
supposed to be the incumbent of St. Anne's Parish, preached before 
tlie assembly, and this sermon he was desired by the jissembly to have 
printed. 

[1090.] When St. xVnne's returned its proceedings, as required by 
ch. 2d, acts of 1090. under the name of Middle X'eck Parish, the taxable 
persons in it were stated to nnmljer 874. The vestrymen of the ])arish 
were given as : Tliomas Pland. Richard Warfield, Lawrence Draper, 
Jacob Jfarnass, William Brown. Cornelius Howard. When King 
William's school was established the same year. 1090, Kev. Peregrine 
•Coney, the supposed rector of St. Anne's, was one of its trustees. 

< )n September 30th, the Lower House sent to the Upper tlie follow- 
ing message : "To show our readiness to contribute to the utmost of 
our abilities to the service of God. in building a free church and school 
at Aimapolis, we have proposed and resolved, that out of the revenue 
raised for the charge of the Province, l)y 3d per hhd, on tol)acco, one 
year's revenue so raised be for defraying the charge ot the church at 
Annapolis." 

The Lower House, jjreparatory to passing this Act, appointed a 
committee to ins])ect the proi)Osals for building thecliurch : which re- 
ported that there was in bank for this j)urpose £4~)S sterling. This 
had arisen froui the sale of the tobacco which had been collected. 
Thev also reported that the cliurch would cost £1200 sterling, about 
s7,dU0. 

These were busy times in Annapolis. The State House, King Wil- 
liam's Sciiool, and St. Anne's, for, on the 2d of Octol)er, the Governor 

' For llie e triy fuel" ot" iliis <'liap:(-r I aiu mainly iiiilpbte.j to U<n-. ttliaii 
Allen's Hi>lory of St. Anne's P.-itisii. 



II I S T O R Y O F A N N A P O L I S . Cf> 

was selected by the council to employ workmen to ])uild the church, 
were all in course of erection. 

This was the first brick church in Maryland, buj^not the first^j^lace,. 
of woiisliii.) in Annapolis. There was a meetinsc-house of the Furitans 
-in Annapolis thirty years before this and the records show there was 
also a house dediccited to rhe service of God on Greenbury's Point that 
also antedated St. Anne's. 

[1697.] On the 30th of June, 1697. a petition from Ruth Grei^-g was 
laid before the Governor and his council. Rev. Peregrine Coney was 
defendant. This document, with Mr. Coney's defence, was ordered to 
be given to Mr. Carroll, "the said Ruth's procurator." The nature 
of the complaint has not come down to us, but Mr. Coney appears to 
have enjoyed, and never to have lost, the fullest confidence of Governor 
Nicholson, who gave him the duty of issuing marriage licenses. His 
sermons were frequently asked for publication by the Assembly. 

[1699.] Gov. Nicholson selected the site of St. Anne's, and was the 
active agent in its erection. Gov. Blackiston succeeded Gov. Nichol- 
son, and, in the former's term, July 3^, 1699, an Act of Assembly im- 
posed a fine of £3:>3. 6 s. 8 p., on Edward Dorsey for not fulfilling his 
agreement to build the church ; and another Act of the same session ap- 
pointed ])ersons to treat with workmen to build it. 

[1704.] Rev. Mr. Topp followed as the second rector of St. Anne's 
and Rev. .James Wootten was the third, and, in 1704. the vestrymen 
w^ere recorded as Col. John Hammond, Mr. William Bladen, Mr. Wil- 
liam Taylard, Mr. Amos Garrett. IMr. John Freeman, Mr. Samuel 
Norwood. An entry on the~parish records, ordering payment for 
altering the gallery seats, shows that the church was finished. Thomas 
Ffielder was the architect of the edifice. The entries in the parish re- 
cords also discover to us that the first St. Anne's had both bell and 
belfry, and a golden liall adorned the spire. 

The church was biiihl in the sha]>e of a T, and was neatly finished 
inside. The principal entrance faced east, that is toward the State 
House. 

[1706.] In 1706, the General Assembly, ever mindful of St. Anne's, 
directed that, of the three lots originally laid out within the city, one 
should he for the rector of the Parish, one for the Sexton, and a third 
for the clerk of the vestry and commissary's clerk. The revenues of 
St. Anne's were further exhanced l)y an firder requiring 40 shillings 
for every corpse buried in the church yard. This was the ground 
about the church and is embraced in the present circle. The grave- 
yard extended beyond its present limits into the streets as excavations 
within its beds painfully proved a few years since. 

The revenues at this period were exceedingly meagre, and it is es- 
timated that in 1717 the rector did not receive over S350 per annum. 

[1719.] May 15, 1719, the vestry of St. Anne's laid before the Lower 
House of Assembly the grievances under which the parish la])ored. 
The gravamen of their burden was that, the parish church, by being 
built near the utmost verge of the parish, is hereby rendered very in- 
convenient to a great part of the parishioners, some of these living 
twenty miles, and others at a greater distance from it, so that were 
"it no\ that the rector A^oluntarily goes up at api)ointed times and 
preaches among them, a great j^art of them would be without the 
benefits of a minister ; that to add to this difficulty the church is much 



70 ' ' T K E A X C I E N T C 1 T Y . ' ' 

too little for a parish church, many of the parishoners being obliged 
to stay at liome for want of room, l)ut that this is most visible at pub- 
lic times, as we humbly conceive is apparent to the constant experience 
of this Honorable House, that there is no visible way to remove the 
first of these dilliculties, but by contracting the parish into narrower 
bounds, or dividing it, nor is there any means to remove the latter 
but-lty enlarging the church, l)ut no both these are rendered imprac- 
ticable to us l)y s<jme other difficulties which we shall take the liljerty 
of naming to your honors." 

The first remedy was open, the report continued, to the objection 
that the benefits of this parish are already so small, that it is but a. 
Irnre support for '*a single man in a parish," but to that is added that 
being "Chaplain to the puljlic," he **is unavoidably exposed to much 
greater expense than the benfits of the parish can defray" wliich has 
often been the cause of the parisli being without a minister. 

The second remedy could not be applied as the vestrymen had no 
means with which to enlarge. The Legislature took no notice of this 
P'.iiited applications for an increase of revenues. 

At this time one family came thirty miles to church, having to- 
drive on Saturday into the neighborhood, so as to be able to reach 
Church on Sunday. 

[172;^.] May 7th, 1723, Alexandria Frazier, Robt. Gordon, Thomas 
Worthington, V'achel Denton, Joshua George and William, obtained 
permission to build at their own expense a gallery at the west end of 
the church. 

[1727.] April 4th, 1727, several parishoners of St. Anne's, V. Den- 
ton, Thomas Worthington, John Beall, and Philip Hammond, with A, 
Frazier, rector, obtained permission to build a chai)el in the upper 
part of the parish. This was asked on account of the mconvenience of 
reachir.g Anna J 'olis for church. The site selected was the liead of 
South 1-iiver. No church, or chapel could be built in the ])rovince 
without th- permission of the Lord Proprietory, and he had delegated 
his power to his Governor, Cluirles Calvert, who gave the requisite 
license. 

May 2nd, 1727, permission was granted to Mr. Richard Claggett 
"to erect a pew where tlie font stood," and on July 4, the vestrymen 
granted permission "to erect a gallery over the pews appointed for the 
gentlemen of the Assembly." On May 7, 1728, the following petition 
on the same fubject was presented to the vestry as the humble i)eti- 
tion L'f some of the parishoners of said Parish : 

[1728.] "That, in consideratio'.i of the sauillness of the parish and 
that there was muc I want of room, you were pleased to encourige 
your parishioners by giving them leave sometimes since to build a 
gallery towards the north-east end of the said church, and your peti- 
tioners madv provisions according thereto, but some vestries after, we 
understood you were inclined to enlarge the said gallery by making it 
extend from near the pulpit all over the assembly j)ews and over the 
chancel, until it sliould reach near the Governor's pew, a design very 
much wished for ar.d of a general good and service, and by these con- 
trivances the churcii may be made to hold ahm-st as many above as 
below. xVnd we are humbly of opinion, as we believe all good and 
considerate men will be likewise, that the be?t ornament to a church 
is a good pastor and a large flock, we thank God we are l)lest with the 



HistoryofAnnapolis. 71 

one, (Eev. John Humphrey,) but want of room obr.tructs the other. 
In consideration of which, we with patience waited to know your re so- 
hitions, and, at lenc^th, being ordered to go on with your first direc- 
tion which we did accordingly till we were prevented by Mr. John 
Beale, who told us not to proceed any further until further orders 
We, therefore, having been at considerable charges, and loss of time 
in proceeding with the said work according to your orders, huml:)ly 
hope your honors will take it into your consideration. And we beg 
leave to know your commands, being fully persuaded that il will be 
most consistent to the honor and praise of God, and to the great benefit 
and advantage of the said church and people. In hopes of which 
with humble submission your petitioners as in duty bound shall ever 
pray. 

"Richard Tootell, Simon Duff, Peter Werard, Wm. Ghiselen." 

The vestry ordered the petitioners to proceed with the erection of 
the gallery. 

[1740.] In 1740, St. Anne's was enlarged, but this enlargement did 
not acconnnodate its increasing congregation, <ind, in 1741, leave was 
given to build a gallery to hofd eleven pews. 

[1750.] In 1750, the assembly passed a tax bill to raise a 
sinking fund to protect the colonists from border ravages by the 
Indians. In the taxables were bachelors. A list from eacli parish 
was ordered to be returned to the Government. The list hi St. 
Anne's Parish included Gov. Sharpe and Rev. John McPherson. the 
rector of St. Anne's, who, not caring to determine whether they came 
under the list of taxables, or rot, the vestry settled their status for them 
by ordering them on the list. All over 35 years of age. assessed under 
£300 and over £100 were taxed five shillings each, and the law re- 
mained in force six years. Joshua Frazier, Richard Green and 
Allen Quynn.'paid till 1751, Baldwin Lusby paid for 1756 ; Caleb 
Davis and Emanuel Marriott for 1756-7, and Rezin Gaither, at the 
head of Severn, for 1756-7-8. 

[1756.] Those assessed .over £300, were taxed 20s. each and Wil- 
liam Stuart, John Ridout, John Gilliss, and Daniel Wolfstenhome, 
Stephen Bordley, and Charles Carroll, barrister, paid it for six 
years. James Maccubbin, Beall Nicholson, of Annapohs, William 
Gaither, head of Severn, Charles Hammond, of Philip, and John 
Griffith paid it for five years. Col. Benj. Tasker and Lancelot 
Jacques ; paid the tax for four years. James Johiison, John Leadler, 
and Zachariah Hood ; paid it for three years. Thelast was the stamp- 
officer in 1765, and had to flee the city before the wrath of the people. 
Moses Maccubbin and John Davis jmid the tax for two years ; and S. 
Lowe, Charles Cole, William Thornton, Charles Carroll, Esq., Dr. 
Upton Scott, Robert Strain, Robert Conden, Benj. Beall, and John 
Bennett paid it for one year. 

' iSTon-attendance upon the services of the church about this time be- 
came such a serious evil, that on March 6, 1751, the wardens of St. 
Anne's gave this public notice in the columns of the Gazette : 

"The" Church wardens of St. Anne's Parish, in Anne Arundel 
county, do hereby signify that we shall be under a necessity of ob- 
serving the Laws of this Province, and the Statutes of England, re- 
lating Ifco religious worship : and more particularly the 14th section of 
the first Elizabeth, Chap. 3, which oblige all persons, not having law- 



72 ' ' T ir E A N c I E N T City." 

ful excuse, to resort to tlioir Parish Church, or Chapel, on every Sun- 
day, and other days ordained and used to he kept as Holy Days, and 
then and there to abide in decent manner, during the time of common 
prayer, preaching, or other services of God ; and theret\»re request all 
concerned to take notice. 

'•Samuel Howard. Camaliel Butler, Church Wardens." 
(.)n the 20th of June lT(il, an organ loft was ordennl. the first men- 
tion looking to tlie use of an organ in the church. 

On the 2nd of I'^ebruary, 1708, the vestry ordered a search for the 
deed of the parsonage, lot K in Annapolis. It was found, and was 
dated 1 759. It was from Philip Key, of St. Mary's and Theodosea. 
his wife, to the Kev. Alex. Williamson and vestry; consideration 
£30. The lot is described, as lying on the Southwest side of Hanover 
St.. running South loG feet, and Northwest 196, the whole correspond- 
ing with the parsonage used until the present decade, and which is 
now owned by Mrs. Owen A. Iglehart. 

[1707.] It was at tliis period that St. Anne's had a notorious pas- 
tor, the Kev. Bennett Allen, the seventeenth incumbent. His was a 
spirit born to intrigue and violence. A graduate and fellow of Wad- 
ham College, Oxford, April 20, 1767, he presented his letters of intro- 
duction to the vestry from Gov. Sharpe. Mr. Allen was a particular 
friend of Lord Baltimore, who wrote Gov. Shari)e to give him wliat- 
ever he wished in the province. Mr. Allen liad his eye on All Saints 
Parish, in Frederick, which was worth nearly So, 000 per annum, and 
whilst he was waiting for the aged rector to 'drop into his grave, he 
aceei)ted St. Anne's. For a yejxr all went well, the rector l)eing lield 
in general esteem, and with lavish hand Sj)ending a whole year's in- 
come to improve the glebe house. On the 24th of October. Mr. Allen 
received from the Governor, a license as curate of St. James, Anne 
Arundel, and the rector soon after dying, he received letters of induc- 
tion and became its rector, w.jlst still liolding on to the rector- 
ship of St. Anne's with tlie consent of both vestries. Tnis permission 
he obtained by unfair means, and for it received a challenge from one 
of St. James' vestry. He also became in volwd in a ({uarrel with Daniel 
pulany, Esq., it Is said, wlio visited him with personal chastisement 
in the streeis of Annaj)ohs. 

[1768.] In June 1768, the rector of All Saints being dead, Mr. Allen 
was presented with tliat i>arish. He was mobbed on the very first Sun- 
day of his appearance, under the influence, he said, of the Dulanys. 
Mr. Allen resigned St. Anne's and after holdhig on to All Saints one 
year resigned that also. 

Allen wasa tory a/.d. as l>y the bill of rights, the sui)i)ort of the 
clergy ceased In November. 177(5, he returned to England. Tliere on 
the ISth of June, 17.S2. he challenged Mv. Eloyd Dulany, formerly of 
Maryland, but then in London, and killed lihn. It Is'said of Allen 
that he died In wretched poverty, being intemperate and (Ungraded about 
the streets of Loiulon. He is said to have l)een a man. not only of 
finished scholarship, but of fine |)ersonal api)earance and address. He 
was, however, destitute of j)rlnclple and i)lety, profane, grasping and 
liaughty; "poor wretched man I"* 

[17 rO.] Nothing went on hi Annapolis at this time that escapi-d the 
eye or ear of the observant Eddls. who arrived In Annapolis,, 
t. Allen's ITisloiy ot St. .\iiiie's.' 



H I S T O R Y O F A N N A P L I S . 7o 

September 4th, 1770. ' 'Uiulerstamling-' ' he writes, ' "that I was in time 
for divine service, I availed inysclf of an immediate opportunity to 
offer up my fervent acknowledgement at the throne of grace. - ••• 
-;i:- -;■:■ The extcrior of the cliurch, (St. Anne's,) hab but little to 
recommend it, but the congregation was numerous. The solemn 
offices were performed with a becoming devotion, and my mind was 
in perfect unison with the important duties of the day." 

[1771.] St. Anne's was the only church in the city and notwith- 
standing ii was the protege of the State, it was allowed to fall into a 
ruinous condition. Its minister often remonstrated with his congre- 
gation and urged the repairing or rebuilding of it. Septemljer 5, 1771, 
the following poem appeared in the Maryland Gazette, addressed : 
"To the very worthy and respectalde inhabitants of Annapolis, the 
.humble petition of the old church, showeth : 

"That, late in century the last. 

By private bounty, here were placed, 

My sacred walls, tho', in truth. 

Their style and manner be uncouth ; 

Yet, whilst no structure met mine eye, 

That even with myself could vie, 

A goodly edifice I seemed, . 

And pride of all Saint Anne's was deemed. 

How changed the times ; for now. all round, 

Unnumbered stately piles abound. 

All better built, and looking down 

On me quite antequated grown. 

Left unrepaired, to time a prey, 

I feel my vitals fast decay ; 

And often have I heard it said, 

That some good people are afraid, 

Least I should tumble on their heads. 

Of wJiich, indeed, this seems a proof — 

They seldom come beneath my roof. 

The stadt-house, that, for public good. 

With me co-eval long had stood ; 

With me fall many a storm had dared, 

I?- now at length to l)e repaired : 

Or, rather, to be built anew. 

An hiiiour co the land and you. 

Whilst I alone, not worth your care, 

•Xva left your sad neglect so bear. 

With grief, in yonder field, hard by, 

A sister-ruin I espy ; 

Old Bladens place, once so famed. 

And now too well, "the folly" named. 

Her roof all tottering to decay. 

Her walls a mouldering all away : 

She says, or seems to say, to me, 

'Such too, ere long, thy fate shall be.' 

Tho', now forever gone and lo-t, 

•I blush to say, how little cost. 

The handsome pile would liave preserved, 

Till some new perfect had deserved 



74 * ' T II E A X C I E N T C I T T . " 

A mansion here, from us, to have 

As good as Carolina pive. 

But party, faction (friends that still 

Have been the foes of public weal) 

The do?s of war acfainst her slipi)ed, 

And all her rising: honours nipi)ed, 

Of sunshine oft a casual ray, 

Breaks in upon a cloudy day, 

O'erwhelnfd with avoc : methinks, I see 

A ray of hope tlius dart on me. 

Close at my door, on my own land, 

Placed there, it seems, by your command, 

I've seen, I own. with some surprise, 

A novel structure sudden rise. 

There let the stran.r^^er stay, for me, 

If virtue's friends, indeed one be. 

1 would not, if I could, restrain, 

A moral sta<::e : yet, would I fain 

Of your induli^ence and esteem, 

At least, an equal portion claim. 

And, decency, without my prayers, 

Will surely whisper in your ears, 

'To i)leasure, if such care you shew, 

A mite to duty, pray bestow.' 

Say, does my rival boast the art 

One solid comfort to impart. 

Or heal, like me, pour fortli trie strain 

Of peace on earth, g:()od will to men ? 

Merit she has ; but, let me say, 

The hijrhest merit of a play, 

Tho', Shakespeare wrote it, but to name 

With mine, were want of sense or shame. 

Why should I [»oint to distant times, 

To kindred and conf2:enial climes. 

Where, spite of many a host of foes, 

To God a mijxhty temi)le rose ? 

Why point to every land beside 

Whose honest aim it is. a pride. 

However poor if be, yet still, 

At least, to make God's house genteel? 

Here, in Annajiolis alone, 

God has the meanest house in town, 

The premises considered, I 

With humble confidence rely. 

That. Phcnix-like, 1 soon shall rise. 

From my own ashes to the skies ; 

Your mite, at least, that yon will pay. 

And your petitioner sliallpray." 
The ]ioem accomplished what the pastor could not. The congrega- 
tion resolved to erect a new church. • 

[1774.] The General Assembly was appealed to for aid, and af its 
March Session, 1774. Chai)ter 11, the General Assembly appointed 
John Kidout, Samuel Chase, William Paca, Upton Scott,^and Thomas- 



IT I S T R Y F A N X A P O L I S . <5 

IlYde. trustees, for building in Annajiolis. an elegant church adorned 
with a steeple. It was to cost £0,000, and £l,oOO was to be received 
from the State. In return for it, there were to be provided a pew for 
the Governor, a large one for the Council, one for the Speaker, all to 
be properly ornamented, and other pews for the members of the Lower 
House, one for the Judges of the Provincial Court, and one for 
strangers. One was also to be for the incumbent, one for the Wardens, 
and one for the Provincial Juries. When completed, the subscribers 
were to choose their j)ews, preference being given to subscribers of the 
largest amounts ; no one who subscribed less than £20 being entitled 
to a pew. Then twenty pews were to be sold to the parisliioners by 
auction. There was to be a common gallery for the parishioners, one 
for servants, and another for slaves. July 1775, Mr. Woodcock was- 
a,llowed £30 a year as an organist. The revolution prevented the 
erection of the church, and the theatre was used to worship in. 

"It wasnow," says the faithful chroniclerof St. Anne's, "a dark day 
for the church in Annapolis. Her church edifice had been taken 
down, her congregation scattered, her minister deprived oi his sup- 
port" and the Parish was vacant. 

"In the last twenty- six years, St. Anne's had the services of eleven 
clergymen, not averaging two-and-a-half years to each one, yet no 
one of them had died while in the service of the paiish. It seems to 
have been the Point-Look-out of the church in the province. All save 
one had continued in the parishes, of which they became the incum- 
bents on their leaving here, till their death, or till the present time. 
Malcolm, Keene, and Boucher were certainly eminent men in their 
profession. One was indeed a bad man, and perhaps, two othe/swere 
of doubtful character. But Myers, McPherson, Edmyston, Mont- 
gomery, and T. Lendrum. all were of fair, if not, of excellent standing. 
Still, what had been gained, for the church. The population of the 
parish had increased probably one-third during the period under re- 
view, and wealth also had increased. But the theatre had been in- 
troduced, and horse-racing, card-playing, dancing and drinking had 
Ijecame unrestrained, and Governors and office-holders had upheld 
and patronized tiiem, not less than did the proprietaries theraselvesy 
and the church had shovrn itself powerless. And now, it was in the 
dust, a time of retriuution had come, and everything was dark." 

[1792.] The church was finally completed in November, 1792, eigh- 
teen years after it was commenced. It cost £(5,000, nearly 830,000. 
The church was 110 feet long, and 90 broad, and was surmounted 
with a tower. On the outside were pilasters, which divided the wall 
into panels, and long windows gave it, with its time-colored bricks, a 
sombre and religious appearance. Inside, the church was frescoed. 
This church, with its modern panels and posts, in green and white, 
encircling the yard, remained until the night of Sunday, February 
Hth, 1858, when it was destroyed^by fire. This originated 
[1858.] from the furnace below which ignited the flooring. About 
eleven o'clock the ringing of the bell of the church 
summoned the citizens to the destruction of this ancient edifice. At 
first the bell seemed to be only the nine o'clock curfew ; but the dole- 
ful cry of "fire," resounding through the dark and quiet streets told 
another story. For two hours the flames, unseen and inaccessible, 
lay hidden in their lairs, pouring forth volumes of stifling smoke .r 



70 ' ' T 11 E A .\ c 1 E X T C 1 T Y . ■ ' 

This slninbor, that doceived the lio})efuL suddenly ended with the 
flames Ilarini; into the ceiUns:. dartinijr from the roof, and leapins: to 
the tower. The faithful V)ell, that had not ceased from the be^anninjj: 
of the tire to peal its own requiem, broke the stilly atmosphere with its 
doleful knell, the crackling timliers joined the dirsje. the pitiless heat, 
sweepins; through the organ, touched its keys with fiery fingers and 
made it sing its own death song, whilst a passing steamer's sympa- 
thizing bell and faithful women's tears attended the unexpected 
calamity. In a few hours only the bare walls of St. Anne's remained. 
The ial)orers employed to remove the rubbish froui the site of St. 
Anne's unearthed a tombstone bearing the following inscription : 

"HKKE LYETII THE TJODY OF JOHN THE ELDEST SOX OF 
EVAN .lOXES AND MAKY liTS WIFE ^YUO DYED TJIE 2d of 
7tber AXO d m 1710 AGED T\V(J YEARS. 
Pe diuch nag wyluch yii gaeth 

Dyfaruch 
Darfu ty milwrneih 
iTyn o gnawd i hynny gwnaeth 
Prudd alwodd i pridd eilwaeth." 
The latter part of this inscription was in tiie \Velsh hmguage. and 
was cut on the stone in very rude characters in lines per])endicular to 
the lines of the first part of the inscription. Mr. Joseph 11. Bellis 
translated it. lie said it was a verse of ^Velsh poetry : 
"Do not, do not grieve to much. 

Rejient : 
I have finished my course 
This tlesh of mine for tiiat was made, 
Earth called to earth again." 
The stone was of rectangular shape, about three feet long, one-and- 
a-half feet wide, and four inches thick, with bevelled edges. It was 
steatite, and in excellent preservation. 

The following was copied from a stone which liad been lying at t/Jie 
east end of the church for many years : 

"Here lieth interred the body of ]Mr. Amos Gakuett of the city of 
Annapolis, in Anne Arundel county, in the Province of Maryland, 
Merchant, son of Mr. James and ]\irs. Sarah Garrett, late of St. Olive 
street. Southwork. then in the Kingdom of England, now a part of 
Orate Brit tain, who (lei)arte(l this life on March the Nth. 17'37. 
.Etatis 50." 
The stone was of wiiite marble, and the inscriiilion is Ixdow a coat 
of arms consisting of fleur de lis and a grillin rami>ant. 

Tliis ins(!rij)tion jjossesses interest to .Vnnapolitans. from the fact 
that ]\[r. (iarrett was tiie first Mayor of our city. He kept a store in 
the house on Green street, now occupied by the Public Sciiool. It is 
Siiid that alter his death liis l)ody was arrested for debt, and kept for 
seven «lays, as was allowed by an old law of England. 

The third St. Anne's was rebuilt the sime year the second was de- 
stroyed . 

Hon. George Wells, president of the Farmers' liank. and formerly 
))resi(ling ollicer of the Maryland St'uate. was one of the Wardens of 
St. Ainie's when the furnace was put under the church. He remon- 
strated against it. and wiien the edifice was burned, he declined to 



History OF Annapolis. 77 

give anything- to rebnild it. So the chnreh went np and thcbellless 
tower Avas finislied. One day a tlionsand dollar bell was sent to the 
church. The good-hearted warden had kei)t liis vow and also showed 
his generous spirit. 

[1887.] A change has come over the spirit of her dreams since the 
days when St. Anne's dragged paltry tithes from unwilling tax-payers 
or threatened callous citizens with public prosecution unless they at- 
tended church services. 

It is in the front rank of good works and charitable deeds ; its 
numerous societies for the benefit of its parishioners attesting its zeal, 
its piety, and goodly walk. 

From the report of the rector of 188(J. Rev. W. S. Southgate, it is 
found that St. Anne's has a Parish Church and two Chapels, 8 Sunday 
Schools, 44 teachers, 'SdQ scholars. During the year there were Bap- 
tisms 60 ; Marriages 21 ; Burials 44 : Communicants 859 : Contribu- 
tions for the year (including completion of Chapel and repairs of Rec- 
tory) $11,430. 

St. Anne's Chapel, East Street, was begun in 1877 ; lower story 
!)eing used for services in 1878. Tlie Building was completed, as a 
memorial of Alexander Randall, in 1886. Total cost about $9,000. 

St. Philip's Chapel — a place of worship for colored people — origi- 
nally built by Zion Baptists, was bought a few years ago and fitted up for 
the colored congrcEration now using it. It has about 35 communicants. 

The bell, given by Queen Anne's, perished in the fire of 1858, but St- 
Anne's retains one proof of its honorable age. The set of communion 
vessels, now used in St. Anne's Church, consists of five pieces made 
in London by Francis Garthorne in 1695. They are all of solid silver 
and engraved with the arms of William III. 



CHAPTER XX. 

KixG \ViLLiA:\r*8 School. 
1696 1785. 

"For the propagation of the Gospel and the education of the Youth 
of this province in good letters and manners," the act of 1696. chap- 
ter 17, of the General Assembly of Maryland; provided that "place or 
places for a free school, or place of study of Latin, Greek, writing, and 
the like, consisting of one master, one usher, and one writing master 
or scribe, to a school, and one hundred scholars, more or less, accord- 
ing to the ability of the said free school* may be made erected founded, 
propagated estal.^hshed under your Royal patronage." This act was 
addressed "to his. most Excellent Majesty, &c., "Dread Sovereign," 
William the Third of England. 

This law further enacted, "that the most reverend Father in God 
Thomas, by divine Providence Lord Archbishop of Canterbury, Primate 



?.":= ' • T 11 E A X c 1 K :c t L' i r v . ' ' 

and ]\[otrojK)litiin of all England, may be Chancellor of said bchouls 
and that, to pcrpotuato the tnemorv of your majesty it may be called 
King William's School, and managed l)y certain trustees, to be chosen 
and appointed by your sacred majesty to wit : as also by the following 
trustees nominated and ap[)ointed by this present General Assem- 
bly, That is to say, by your Majesty's said Governor, Francis Nichol- 
son, Esc[., the Honorable Sir Tho.nas Lawrence, Baronet, Col. George 
Hobothau, Col. Charles Ilutchins, Col. John Addison, of your Majesty's 
Honorable Council on this i)rovince : the Reverend Divine, Mr. Pere- 
grine Coney, and ]Mr. Jolin Hewett, together witli Rol)ei-t Smith. Kene- 
iinClif seldyne IlenryConrsey, Edward Dorsey. Thomas iMinals, Tliomas 
'Tjasker, Francis Jenkins, William Dent, Thomas Smith, Edward 
Boothy, Jno. Thg^rjjpson, and John Bigger, gentlemen, or the great- 
est part, or the successors of them, npon and in a certain jdace of this 
province, called Anne-Arundel Town, (now Annapolis, ) upon Severn 
River." 

The trustees were given power to hold land to the value of floOO 
sterling and to accept all other personal ellects given for the support 
of the various schools to be established under this act. The othcial 
title of the boards of management of the various schools was "the 
Governors, and Visitors and Trustees," who were limited to twenty 
and of whom "one discreet and fit Person shall be called rector." One 
hundred and twenty-pounds per annum was voted to each free school 
thus established. 

In the proceedings of the House of Delegates, July ;], 1699, the follow- 
ing is found : 

''The new elected members of this house give to the use of the free 
schools, to vv'it : 

£ toll. I 
Mr. Jas Crawford, 1.000 j ^j^^^^ .ontlemen to be 
Mr. -'f^'^kms, i,uuu i. ^^{^,,^,^1.^,^(1 from their own 

Mr. Wm. Hutton. 1,000 subscriptions in their several 
Mr. Wm. Helmsley, bOO .^^^^.tyes." 
Mr. Geo. Ashman, 800 •' 

Major Wm. Barber, 800 J 
This evidently went to King Williams school since these members 
were to l)e discharti-cd from "subscriptioiis in their several countyes-" 
'Olr. Anthony Workman came ])efore this house, (the same 'day) 
and gave 1' 150 sterling to the building of a liouse upon a lott which 
hisexftdlcncy had already given together with tenn pounds sterlings 
towards building the said house, which is to be enjoyed by the said 
Antlioiiy Workman during his natural life, and reiuayued over to the 
use of tiie free schools. Also, the said 3Ir. Workman promised to 
leave all improvements upon said lott in good and sullicient repair." 
This house was built and King William's school succeeded to the 
ownership of it. 

King William's schoi>l was thus established at Annapolis. Gov. 
Nicholson gave a lot anil upon this tiie trustees iunnediately Itegan 
the erection of a brick scliool house. This was on the s')uth side of 
the State House, or {'()urt-house as it was often called, very nearly, if 
not on the site of the De Kalb Statue. The name of School street, the 
street that connects State liouse and Church circles — is doubtless a 
memento of this ancient seminary of learning. It was a plain V)uilding, 



History ofAnnapolis. "^^ 

containing besides scliool- rooms, apartments for the teacher and 
his family. It was completed in the year 1701. The Bishop of Lon-' 
don, sent over Mr. Andrew Geddess to take charge of the school, but, 
he, not finding it finished was sent to All Saints, Calvert county. The 
earliest mention of an officiating master of the school is found in the 
records of St. Anne's parish. Tiiey record, "Died, Xov. 9th, 1713. Rev. 
Edward Butler, rector of St. Ann's, and master of the free school, 
Annapolis." Mr. Butler was selected as rector April 14, 1711. and 
the fact, that he was a resident of Annapolis before that period, has 
raised the presumption that he had been master previous to being 
rector. 

tTnfortmiately information regarding this interesting seminary. 
which educated the celebrated William Pinkney, is exceedingly 
meagre. The act of 1750, chapter 26, indicates, however, that the 
school was not without friends and supporters. By anthorizing the 
sale of certain lands, it shows the school had some endow!nents })eside 
the £120 voted it as its establishment. This act authorized the rector 
and A-isitors of said school to sell 650 acres in Dorchester county, 
devised to them by Thomas Swithson, late of Talbot county, and also 
several houses and lots in Annapolis "of which they are seized." The 
rector and A'isitors were directed to lay out the money "arising from the 
sale of said lands, and the said lots and houses in the city of Annapolis, 
at interest on good security, for the use of said school, and apply the . 
annual interest arising therefrom towards the payment of a master, 
masters, or usher of the said school, and to no other use or purpose, 
whatever ; saving to his majesty, the Lord Proprietary, and all otliers 
not mentioned in this act, their several and respective rights." 

By act of 1774. chapter 15, the "rector, governors, trustees, and 
visitors of King William's school in Annapolis," were empowered to 
receive any gift of lands or chatties, provided they were not to hold 
beyond £200 annual hicome. By the same act any seven of«fcho above 
board were empowered to transact business in the absence of the rector. 
The register of the school, also by the same act was required, under a 
penalty of £20, to give notice to every member of the board, residing 
in Annapolis or any member whom he knows happens to be in An- 
napolis, of any intended meeting of the corporation. This sug- 
gests there may have been secret assemblies of a clique of the trustees 
for special purposes, and this act was to check these ancient "ways that 
were dark and tricks that were vain." 

The new political condition of the province required in 1778, the 
passage of a law enacting that any number of the visitors, not less 
than three, who have taken the oath of fidelity to support the State, 
may manage the affairs of the school, and execute all the powers of 
the corporation, until some three, or more, shall have met and elected 
so many other visitors as are required to complete their full number. 
This election they were enjoined to make on or before the 15th of July 
following, out of the inhabitantsof the State, "duly qualified who have 
taken the oath aforesaid." 

By act of 1785, chap. 39, the property and funds of Ejng William's 
School were conveyed to St. John's College. Among the chatties 
passed to the college was a number of "quaint and curious volumes 
of forgotten lore," which still remain in the Library of St. John's. 

Few of the rectors of the school have come down to us, but about 



80 ' ' T II E A N C 1 E N T C I T Y . ' ' 

1756, and for nine years after. ]Mr. Isaac Dakon is mentioned as mas- 
ter of the school. On the 17th of AuL^ust 1784. Rev. Ralph Iliggin- 
liotham was appointed master of Kiny- William's School. 

The record ot tlie 2:r:idnates of Kinir William's School is lost, bni 
one name rrmains — that proves its ris^iit to existence — William Pink- 
ney's. 



CITArTP:RXXI. 
The Second State House in Annapolis. 

170G 1769. 

After the first State House was burned in 1704. a committee of the 
Legislature reported that the old walls could be built up<^n in '•form 
and manner as before," and it was rebuilt by Mr. W. Bladen, the ar- 
chitect of tiie other buildings. Tlie price was not to exceed £1.000 
sterling, Mr. Bladen was given the benefit of all "the materials saved 
out the fire which apper;ai'.;ed to the old court house. "-^^ 

During the erection of this building the House of Delegates held 
its sessions in the house of Colonel Edward Dorsey, in Annapolis, 
the assembly meeting twice a day. from 8 o'clock to 12 A. M., and 
from 2 to 4 P. M., and was called together by the beating of a drum. 

Mr. David Ridgely, who wrote the ••Annals of Annapolis" in 1841, 
says : * 

'•This house," (the second State House,) "was finished in 1706, 
and is recollected by some few of the present inhabitants of this city 
— and stood wliere the present state house now stands. It is de- 
scribed as liaving been a neat l)rick building. It was in form an ob- 
long square, entered by a hall — opposite to. the door of which was 
the judges' seat, and on each side there were rooms for the jury to 
retire. Over the judges' seat was a full lengtli likeness of (^ueen 
Anne, presenting a printed charter of the ciiy of Annapolis. In 
this house the (.xeneral Assembly held its sessions. A handsome cu- 
pola surmounted the building, surrounded by balustrades, and furn- 
ished with seats for those who desired To enjoy the l)eautiful scenery 
around. Tiie portrait of Queen Anne, just uientioned, is said to have 
l)('en destroyed during the revolutionary war — when everything bear- 
ing the semblance of royalty was in I tad odour with our republican 
sires. 

"About the same i)eriod, an armory was built near the court-house, 
on the north side of it. It is repres. nted to have l)een a large hall 
with seats around it, above which the walls were covered with arms, 
tastefully arranged. It was often used as ball room — from tlie vaidted 
roof was susi»ended a wooden gilt chandolier, wliicli, when lighted up, 
produced a brilliant effect by the rellectiou of tlio li lit froin llic arnix. 

• '1 lie Stat<' House wns often callpd Court flouse. 



History OF Annapolis . 81 

Tlio walls or the hall were also decorated with full length portraits of 
Queen Anno and Lord Baltimore, The governor and council held 
their sessions in one of the apartments of this building. 

"On the south side of the court-house, stood the memorahle academy 
of King William."! 

In the Treasury Building the Governor and Council also held their 
sessions, and, at one time, both Houses of the Legislature met there : 
probably when the ])resent State House was in course of erection. 

Ootober 1st, 1769. Mr. Eddis wrote of the State-house, then called 
the Court House, j 

"The court-house, situated on an eminence at the back of the 
town, commands a variety of views highly interesting : the entrance 
to the Severn, the majestic Chesapeake, and the eastern shore of Mary- 
land, being all united in one resplendant assemblage. Vessels of va- 
rious sizes and figures are continually floating before the eye : which, 
while they add to the beauty of the scene, excite ideas of t?.e most 
pleasing nature. , 

"Tn the court-house, the representatives of the people assemble, 
for the dispatch of provincial Inisiness. The courts of justice are 
iilso held here ; and here, likewise, the public offices are established. 
This building has nothing in its appearance expressive of the great 
purposes to which it is appropriated ; and by a strange neglect is suf- 
fered to fall continually into decay ; being, both without and within, 
an e^nblem of public ])overty, and at the saine time a severe reflection 
on the government of this country, which, it seems, is consideral^ly 
richer than the generality of the American provinces. 

"The council chamber is a detached building, adjacent to the former 
on a very humble scale. It contains one tolerable room, for the re- 
'Ception of the governor and his council, who meet here during the 
sitting of the assembly ; and whose concurrence is necessary in pass- 
ing all laws." 

It was during this same year that the Legislature became iml)ued 
with sentiments similar to those entertained by Mr, Eddis, and de- 
termined to remove this " severe reflection on the government," and 
the second State House was pulled down to make room for the third. ? 



CHAPTER XXII. 

The Attempt of Richaru Clarke, ix 1707, to 
Burn Annapolis. 

[1707.] In the address of Gov. John Seymour, made to the House 
of Delegates of Maryland, on March 27th, 1707, he stilted that among 
■other duties the members of the Legislature would be called upon to 

t Hii'ltcelv's Anii«l-i "f Annapolis, D. U'G. 
t E<icii ' L'tiers, p. 15. 

6 



82 ' ' T H E A N C I E N T C I T Y. ' ' 

perform, would be that of outlawing ''Richard Clarke, whoso crimes 
?.re 50 notoriously aggravated, they cry aloud for justice." 

On March 31st, Col. John Contee, Mr. Robert Bradley, Mr. William 
Frisbey, Mr. John Watters, and Col. Pcarce, were appointed a com- 
mittee to investigate the crimes against Clarke. 

Annapolis, at this time, was the most important town in the province 
of Maryland. A plot that struck at it was no small conspiracy. 

On April 4th, the Lower House, in its reply to the executive, made 
in accordance with custom, said to Gov. Seymour: — "We are very 
sensible of the Great and dangerous designs which have been carrying 
on by wicked people, enemys to Pier Majestys Government, to destroy 
the records, arms, and ammunition, of thisto^vn, and all that was neces- 
sary to render this Government safe and secure, and we doe. in a very 
deep sence thoreof, returue you our hearty thanks for the great care 
and prudence you have sliowed in the preservation of all those things, 
and the preventing the effect of soe dangerous a conspiracy, and we 
doe humbly pray that your Excellency would V>e pleased to give order 
to the Atturney Generall to prosecute all such persons as now are, or 
shall be found to be, in the said conspiracy." 

On the same day the committee, appointed to investigate the case of 
Clarke, elected Col. John Contee, chairman, and Mr. Richard Dallam, 
clerk, and after examining a large mass of testimony, worded in the; 
quaint phraseology of those timss, and given at length in the manu- 
script copy of the proceedings of the Lower House of Maryland of 1707, 
and preserved in the Land office at Annapolis, made the following re- 
port to the House : 

"The Committee having fully heard and considered the aforegoing 
declarations, doe humbly report to the House, that they find there was 
a design fram'd by Richard Clarke, Daniel Wells, and a certaine per- 
son who term'd himself a saylor, to take some vessell, and get what 
assistance they could, in order to disturb her IMajestys peace and gov- 
ernment, here, to make an attempt upon the Town of Annapolis, and 
burn some houses there, and, whilst that consternation continued, to 
seize the magazine and powder house to furnish themselves with arms 
and aunnunition to goe a privateering ; that they so farr prosecuted 
their designe as to gain several housekeepers of desperate fortunes, 
and other disaffected persons to their party, and that Clarke, by his 
prodigality in disbursing and spreading about the counterfeit money, 
(which he'had coined himself,) had so insinuated liimself into the minds 
of several servants belonging to persons in and near the Towne of An- 
napolis and elsewhere, to joine with fhem in their cursed and wicked 
designe and intent ; 

"That they had caballs together especially at Annapolis, where a 
time for their goeing was prefix'd to be some time in March last . 

"That they had agreed to take Mr. Buff's boa to and if that (was) 
not sufficient, Mr. Evans Jones' Shallup, or any other vessell fit for 
their tume. as soon as they had done their mischief here, to go to 
Carolina. That Clarke was assisted out of Soutli River by Daniel 
Wells and him, called the Saylor, who afterwards came to Annapolis 
to prepare tlie others, but Wells having l)roke some of Clarke's money 
was in fear of being apprehended, whereupon he, the saylor and 
(William) Simpson had a meeting at the house of Smithers in An- 
napolis, and then Wells and the Saylor went off in a boat and pursued 
a shallop, wherein was I\[r. Jacob Lookerma n, Jr., and one Edward 



History of Annapolis 



83 



Taylor, bound lor bouth River, but not gaining tlieir intent made 
their way down the Bay and came xvithin a day'? journey of Clarke 
sometime afte.- several of them were apprehencid in AmiapoHs ^^^^^^^ 
committed to prison (to witt) SimpsoA Cooper, WilliamsTacocke 
and Keyton where they now lye by his Excellency's ordS (who w 
fo^'f 'itv''^' ^^' utmost thanks of the House for his care ]Tereii7) 
for had this cui-sed and villamaious design taken Effect, we fnd our 
prosterity might have been ruined by burning of the Recm-ds wh^ph 
we are of opinion was the Chief Intent and designe of the?e v IW? 
As to those persons that were Runing away with Mr Gaks' 
sloop at the Eastern, we are of opinion, was^o the%ame intent of the 

"As to the money, we conceive Clarke was the Tnal-Pvan,! -f. i • 
his wife the disburser, therefor, to Mr CaTroll ^'^^"' 

';As to Sylvester Welch, his selling the country powder its verv 

fc^*^''^7^f/'^^'^^' '^' '^^^^^ ^''^^^^ ^^'^ Eleza^th F nley hat 
three pounds of the country powder was sold by Welsh to Wdfs and 
It is the opinion of this committee, that the several persons now^n 
^Z7\^'^u'''''''''''V''^^'' ^^^™^ ^''^Sn and conspi^^cy 1 e P Le^ 
liSl A.^ ''''''T'' ^^7' ''''''^ ^^''^^ ^he House give order ti he? Ma- 
jesty s Attorney General, to proceed according " 

The committee also reported that William Simnson wh^^. ^ 
tion was before the committee, was one oUhe -S^aUors hi tlZ 
tended designe of Clarke and his accomplicies agaTnst h^^^^ 
Government, also that Wells and the privateer foll(^wPrl Plnvt ^ ^ 
to Long Island in tlie Bay where ClarL had ieifthrcl? b fte' and 
mquired after him that they were in a small boat weU ai^^^^^^^^ 
Wells carryed powder and shot with him from home nret ended ' fW 
were m pursuite of Clarke by order of Major WilZ that cS- *-^^^^^ 
tended himself a merchant giing to settle in News RivS in C^ ^olC' 
said many people of Maryland were following him and ll^A r!. ' 
arguments to perswade the inhabitants about the \"Cs t'goe "w^?J 

The House concurred in the report. 

Clarke's personal appearance was not preDossessin d- tt.. ;„ i 

th?9th of April' '"""'"■ "' '^'"'^^ ™^ P*^^*^* ''y boa Hou.es on 

that the General Assembly was most intensely exere fee I over th^ 
luSftTth^lfy""'"^""""^'^"' ^"""^ l^a JbeerS^Lr/lyt! 



84 '* The Ancient City." 

April .^th. Major .Tosiah Wilson, high sheriff of Anne Arundel county 
brought before tlie Council, "as he^iad been ordered to arrest them, 
John S[)rv and Thomas Brereton, the former the professed'' skipper 
of the sloop jMargaret's Industry, lately arrived from Virginia in 
South Kiver, after the goods of some of the conspirators. The pro- 
ceedings say "neither of the said persons offering to make an Ingen- 
ious confession, but trifling with his Excellency and the board, were 
ordered to be committed to the custody of the Shei-ift" of Anne Arun- 
del county untill his Excellency and the Board had further leisure to 
Examine them."' 

It was. however, gathered that Clarke was at "Little Wicomico, in 
Virginia," awaiting the return of the sloop. It was also discoyered. 
pro])aV)ly from the same source, "that Clarke haunts Cartewrights, at 
the Kosey Crowne, in Norfolk Tovyne." 

Subsequently Brereton and Spry, in council, under oath, on the 7th 
of April, confessed that they had been sent by Clarke, after his wife, 
children, and household goods, with an open letter to ]Mr. Hill, who, 
in accordance with the paper, had given them assistance. 

On the 8th of April, Thomas Tench, Esq.. entered the House of 
Delegates and delivered a bill of attainder against Richard Clarke 
and tlie following message from the council : 

"Tlie bill herewith sent to House for the attainder of Richard 
Clarke is thought reasonable by this Board, since this is the second 
time your House has ordered the Attorney Generall to ])rosecute him 
and his accomplices, and that hath Ix^en ineffectual, and although 
there are now actually four bills of indictment found by several grand 
juries of this province against him. yet divers evil persons have pre- 
sumed to receiye, comfort, and aid him, whereby he has been able to 
ayoid justice, according to his demerits, scidking within tenn miles of 
this jdace, the seat of government, and practicing and carrying on his 
traitorous and wicked designs. ' ' 

The paper was read and referred for further consideration. 

It was on this evidence that the following proceedings were had : 

On the 9th of April, a warrant was issued by the council, directing 
the Sheriff of Anne Arundel county, to arrest Josejjh Hill for treason, 
and to keep him in custody until "such time as he shall l)e delivered by 
due course of, law therefrom.*' This process was reconnnended, or ap- 
proved of, by the Attorney General. Mr. Hill wa« arrested on the 
10th, and brought before the council to make Ins defence, six mem- 
bers of the House ap'pearing to represent it : Messrs. ^lajor Low. 
Mr. Voung, Col. Greenfield, Mr. Hall, Mr. Spinner, and Mr. Macall. 
The Governor opened the interview by telling Mr. Hill, that he little 
expected a man of his status and character would be guilty of aid- 
ing, and corresponding with those that were enemys to her Majesty's 
Government, and disturbers of the peace thereof. ' The depositions of 
Spry and Brereton were read to Mr. Hill, wlio then "denyed ever the 
evidence mentioned Clarke's name to him. and says that' he has not 
.seen him for about twelve months, nor does he know where he now is." 
Mr. Hill denied ever receiving a letter from Clarke by the two wit- 
nesses who were called in, confronted him, and affirmed that they had 
delivered to him the letter in question. The Council concluded their 
inquiry by informing him that they would at present have nothing 
further to say to him, as he had given bail. 



H I S T R Y F A X N A P O L I S . 85 

On the 11th the depositions were sent to the Lower House, and Mr. 
Hill was desired to withdraw from it as "the lioiise find" the deposi- 
tions relate "some high crimes and misdemeanors supposed to be com- 
mitted by Mr. Joseph Hill, a member of this House." The accused 
withdrew, and the House after fully considering and debatinj: the sub- 
ject resolved that Mr. Hill be expelled from the House "till he be 
cleared of what is lay'd to his charge." The expelled member was 
then called into the House, and informed of its action, when he with- 
drew. 

It seemed that the House wished the evidence of Spry, Brereton, 
and Thos. Richetts entei-ed on their Journal, probably as a justifica- 
tion of their actions. The Council only gave consent to put it in at 
the end, as they did not wish to have the' Queen's Evidence Divulged 
before trial, as "they were unwilling to trust to Mr. Taylard, their 
Clark'e integrity, in that he may give out a copy." The House did 
not agree to this, and sent a message saying that they ought to be in- 
serted the same day they were read in the house. The Council agreed 
to this on condition to which the House consented, that they "be close 
sealed up untill Mr. Hill's Tryall was over." 

What punishment was meted out to the conspirators, their abettors, 
and sympathizers is not known. The Court records of Anne Arundel 
of that period have not been discovered after research. The act of 
attainder which passed this session upon Clarke, and which set forth 
that he "had obstinately refused to surrender himself to justice," was 
not the first measure that had been taken against him. In 1705. he 
had been outlawed for the same character of offences. It is very 
probable, as our records and history are so silent upon the subject, 
that Clarke himself never suffered the penalty of the law for his. 
treasonable designs. 



CHAPTER XXIII. 
Anxapolis is Made a City. 

On the 10th of August, 1708, Annapolis received its cliarter as a city, 
which was granted by the honorable John Seymour, the royal Gover- 
nor of Maryland. "It appears to have been one of his favourite de- 
signs, and was proposed by him to the assembly, as early as 1704. No 
measures being adopted by the latter to carry his wishes into effect, 
he at length conferred the charter by virtue of the prerogative of his 
office. Under this charter, besides the powers and privileges relative 
to the organization and exercise of its municipal government, the city 
of Annapolis obtained the privilege of electing two delegates to the 
general assembly. ' ' ■•^• 

This privilege the city retained until 1836. That year it was re- 
duced to one representative, and finally, in 1840, it lost this remnant 

* McMiihon's Md, p. loo. 



86 ' ' T H E A N C I E N T C 1 T Y . ' ' 

of its ancient importance, and was merged into the comity of Anne 
Arundel. By the act of ^840, Annapolis was continued as the Capital 
of the State and tlie place of holding tJie Court of Appeals for the 
Western Shore, and the high Court of Chancery. The act of 1837, 
made it the residence of the Governor. These honors have been in- 
corporated in the organic law of the State and are part of the present 
Constitution adopted in 1867. 

The following was the petition presented to Governor Seymour, by 
the Mayor, Recorder, Aldermen, Common Council, and sundry citizens 
of Annapolis, asking a charter for the city : 

"To His JLxcELLEXCY, John Seymoir, Esq., 

"The liumble peticion of theCorporacionof theCitty of Annapolis, and 
the greater parts of the inhabitants of the same, humbly showeth : 
"That, whereas, in her most gracious majesties in l)eha]f of yor. Ex- 
cellency, for the beutfitt of her dutifuU subjects, inhabitants in this 
place was pleased to grant them a Charter, incorporathig thereby this 
late toA'ne of Annapolis, into a Citty, it haveing formerly had the 
honour in Remembrance of Princess Anne, now our good Queen to be 
erected into a towne, and in as much as it is the seat of Government 
the best situated and most convenient place for trade, wherein are a 
greater number of inhabitants than in any other place in this her ma- 
jesties Province, who are desirous that that parte of her majesties grant 
to this Citty, impowering tlie Mayor, Recorder, Aldermen, and five of 
the Common CouncilliVien, to ellect and send two representatives to 
the Genei'all Assembly, to serve as Burgesses, for this Citty, may be 
enlarged, 3Iay it therefore, ])k'ase yor. Excellency, Sv:o farr to enlarge 
the Charter that all persons beino: free-holder;;- inthisCitty, (that is to 
say, owning a whole lott of land with a house built thereon, according 
to law,) and that all persons actually resideing and i liaVntting in 
this Citty haveing a visible esta.;c of the valine of twenty pounds, 
sterling, and all soe, that all ])ersons that hereafter shall serve five 
yeai's to any trade within this Citty, and shall, after the expiracion of 
their time be actually housekeepers and inhabitants in the same, (they 
first taking the oath of tree citizens, ) may have a free vote in the ellect- 
ing such representatives or Burgesses to serve hereafter in all Gen- 
erall Assemblys as in the said Charter, is expressed and further that 
after the Decease or Removall of any of the Comn.on Councilimen. 
already ellected, and sworne by the Mayor, Recorder, and Aldermen, 
of the said Citty, all the freemen, inhabitants, as aforesaid, may have 
a free vote in the ellecting of another Common Conncillman, or Com- 
mon Councilimen, to serve in tliis or their place and stead : and it is 
further most humbly prayed, that noe person or jiersons — after the 
next Generall Assen.bly, (notwithstanding, being made freemen of the 
Citty,) shall have an ellection voyce in the chuseing of Burgesses, or 
Representatives, for this Citty, untill they have been jnade free three 
months, which is the humble desire of your petitioners, the sn)>scril)ers, 
and as in duty bound wee will ever i)ray, &c. 
"Amos Garrett, iMayor ; Wornell Hunt, Recorder ; Wm. Bladen, John 
Freenieii, Benjamin Fordham, Evan Jones, Thomas Boardley, Josiah 
Willson, Aldermen. 
"WiUiam llaiighton, Charles Crowley, Wm. Ellott, Richard Xhomp- 
son, Sanniel Newill, Wm. Gaylard, John Grosham, Jr., Cha. Kill- 



H I S T O E Y O F A X X A P L I S . 87 

bourne, Math. Beard, Tho. Jones, Patrick Ogilvie, Caddcr Edwards, 
Common Councillmen. 

"John Baldwin, John Brice, Tho. Donera,Eichard Yoimof, .James 

Wotton, Christopher Smithers, Joseph Humphrey, -John B, 

Wm. Gwyn, Bichard Bukardike, Richard Kolk, Thomas Holmes, 
John Novarre, Wm. Durdan." 

The petition was acted upon immediately. The records bear the 
annexed endorsement : 

"November the 18th, 1T08. The Avithin petticion g-ranted and 
ordered that the Corporaicon prepare a Charter as within prayed, to 
be signed by his Excellency, and on her majesties, beliall'e sealed, witii 
the greate seals of this Province, 

Signed per Order, 

\y. Blauex, Clerk Council." 

This was the charter : 

^'The Chakter of the City of Annapolis. 

"Anne, by the Grace of God, of Greate Brittain, France, and Ireland, 
and the Dominions thereunto belonging. Queen, Defender of the faith, 
&c. To all and singular our faithfull subjects within our Province of 
Maryland, Greeting, whereas, there is a very pleasant, healthful and 
comodius place for trade, by act of the Generall Assembly of this our 
Province, laid out for a to^Aaie and porte, called Annapolis, in' honour 
of us, which said towneand porte, hath in few years (especially, since 
the accession of our trusty and well beloved John Seymour, Esq., our 
Capt. Generall and Governour-in-Chiefe, of this our Province, to 
the Government thereof, ) very considerably encresed in the number 
of its inhabitants as well as buildings, Ijotli public and private, soe 
that it excelleth all other townesand ports in our said province, and 
for that our present seate of Government, within our province afore- 
said, is fixed att the said porte and towne, whereby the same is become 
the cliiefe mart of the whole countrey, wee, being willing to encourage 
all our good and faithfull subjects as well att present, residehig and 
inhabitting. or which hereafter shall, or mayinhabitt, or reside within 
the said porte of Annapolis, of our Royall Grace, good will, and meer 
motion with the advice of our Councill, in our said province, have 
thought fitt, and doe by these our letters pattents, constitute and 
erect the said towne and porte of Annapolis, together with the circuits 
and presincts thereof, includeing the lands heretofore laid out for the 
said towneand porte of Annapolis, publick pasture, and towne com- 
mon together, with the River and Creeks adjacient, into a Citty, by 
the name of the Citty of xVnnapolis, and doe grant to the inhabitants 
of the said Citty that the same Citty shall be incorporated a Citty, con- 
sisting of a Mayor, one person learned in the law, stiled, and bearing 
the office of Recorder, of the said Citty, and six Aldermen, and tenn 
other persons to be Common Councillmen. of the said Citty, which said 
Mayor, Recorder, Aldermen, and Common Councillmen shall be a 
body incorporate, and one comunity forever in right, and ])y the name 
of Mayor, Recorder, Aldermen, and Common Councill. of the said 
Citty of Annapolis, shall be able and capable to sue and be sued att 
law. and to act and execute, doe and performe as a body incorporate, 
which shall have succession forever, and to that end to have a com- 
^mon scale, and that Amos Garrett, Esqr., one of the inhabitants of 



S8 ' • T II i: A N c I E N T City." 

the said Citty, shall for the present be, and be named Mayor of the 
said Citty, for the ensiieinjr year, and Wornell Hunt, Esqr., Recorder 
thereof, and William Bladen, John Freemen, Benjamin Fordham, 
Evan Jones, Tho. Boardley. and Josiah Willson, Escirs., inhabitants 
of the said citty, shall be Aldermen thereof, soo lon^cj as they shall 
well behave themselves therein, ha vein^ij first taken and subset ibed the 
test and severall oaths for security of the Crovernment, as by Law es- 
tablished and allsoe the oath api>ointed by us or our present Gov(;r- 
nour. to be taken liy the flavor. Recorder, and .Vldermen of the Citty 
of Annapolis, aforesaid ; Which shall be administered to them by our 
Governour-in-Chiefe, keeper of the f;:reate scale of this our })rovince 
for the time being, or by such^other ])ersonor persons as wee, our heirs, 
and successors, or our Gov. aforesaid, for the time beins^, shall, from 
time to time, authorize and appoint to administer the same, and wee 
^'rant tliat the said ]Mayor, liecordei and Aldermen, or the Major parte 
of them shall ellect and choose some others of the most sulticient of 
the iiihal)itaats of the said City, beinjLr freemen thereof, to 1)C of the 
Common Councill of the said City, for soe loni,' time as they shall well 
l»ehav(' themselves, and to perpetuate the suecessi(jn of the said Mayor, 
Recorder, Aldermen, and Common Councill in all times to come, wee 
(loo grant, that, for the future, they shall assemble in some conveniiMit 
place in the said citty, upon the feast day of St. Michaell, the Arch- 
angell, in every year, and shall ellect and choose by the ^[ajor vote. of 
such of them as shall be then present, one other of the Aldermen of 
the sjiid citty. for the time being, to V)e Mayor of the said citty, for 
the ensuing year, and upon decease or removeall of the said ^Mayrn-, of 
the said citty, for the time being, or upon any decease, or dece;isses, 
removeall, or removcalls, of the said Recorder, or Aldermen, or any 
of them, or within one month, after such respective decease, or de- 
ceases, removall, orremovalls, the residue of the said Aldermui, to- 
gether with the said Mayor, or if he shall be living or the major part 
of them whom shall at a set tinie by them to be ai>pointed within ye said 
citty and presincts ellect and nominate some other person or i)ersons 
to l)e .Mayor. Recorder, Alderman or Aldermen of the sjiid Citty in 
the place and places of such })erson or persons soe deceased or re- 
moved respectively as the case shall require soe as tiiesaid mayor to be 
EUccted and nominated to be att the time of such EUection and nomi- 
naion actually one of the Aldermen of tiiesaid Citty and soe as the 
said ]iecorder soe to be EUected and nominated, be a pei-son learned 
in the law, soe as the said Alderman or Aldermen soe to l)e Ellected 
and noMunated l)e actually att the time of such EUection and X<^mi- 
naciou (jf the Connnon Councill of the said City, the said Mayor, Re- 
corder. O!- Alderman, or Aldermen, soe to l)e Kllectedand Nominated, 
first T;;keing the severall and Resjtective Oaths before mencioned to 1)0 
appointed as aforesaid, and shall likewise then fill uj) by the l']U'ctionof 
the free ^'oters of tlie sjiid Citty, out of and from among the Inhabit- 
tants and freeholders of the said Citty, the full number of tenn persons 
to be Connnon Comicillmen, and that tiiesaid persons herel)y appointed 
and named or hereafter to l)e Elected and nominated mayor. Recorder, 
or Aldermen, be Justices of tho peace within the City presincts and 
liberties thereof, having first taken the oaths usually appointed to bo 
taken by the Justice of the Peace, the said Mayor, Recorder, and Al- 
ilermen hereby named and appointed or hereafter to Im; l*]lected, nomi- 



History OF Annapolis. SQ* 

nated, or any three of them, whereof the said Mayor or Recorder, for 
the time being, shall be one, shall have, within the presincts of the 
said Citty, full power and authority to make Constables and other 
nessessary officers, and to rnle, order, and govern the inhabitants- 
'^hereof, as justices of the peace, are or shall be authorized to doe, and 
shall have power to execnte all the Laws, Ordinances, and Statutes, in 
that behalf o, made as fully and amply as if they were authorized 
thereto, by express, commission, named therein, willing and com- 
mandhig that noe other justices of the peace or quorum within our 
said county or province, doe att any time hereafter, take upon them 
or any of them to execute the office of a justice of peace within the 
said Citty, or in the presincts thereof ; notwithstanding any comission 
at large, authoriseing them thereunto, saveing the authority and juris- 
diction of her majesties' justices of oyer and terminer and Groale de- 
liver, now or liereafter to be assigned, dureing the time of their holde- 
ing their severall respecti\'e Courts in the said Citty, and further wee 
will and grant unto the said Mayor, liecorder, and Co-iimon Councill 
of the said Citty, for the time being, full power and authority, after 
the' space of six years, to ellect a Sherriif for the said Citty, but that 
untill then the Slieriiff of Anne Aruudeli county for the time being, 
shall be Sh'errili of the said county and to make, order, and appohit 
such by-laws and ordinances among themselves, for the regulacion 
and good Government of Trade and other matters exigences and 
things within the said Citty and presincts, as to them, or" the major 
parte, shall seem meet to be consonant to reason and not contrary, but 
as near as conveniently may be agreeable, to the Lav,'s and Statutes 
now in force, which ^aid Bye-laws, shall be observed, kept, and per- 
formed by all manner of persons, Tradeing and Kesideing within the 
said Citty, under such reasonable pains, penalities, and forfeitures, as 
shall be imposed by the said Mayor, Recorder, Aldermen, and Com- 
mon Councillmen, or the major parte of them then assemljled from time 
to time, not exceeding forty shillings sterling, tfie said pains, penal- 
tys and forfeiture- to be raised by distress, and sale of the goods of such 
person offending, aud to be em[)loyed for the publick benefitt of the 
said Citty att tLeU' discression ; and further, wee doo grant and give 
full power, lyceuce, previllidge, and authority, to the Mayor, Recorder, 
Aldermen, and Common Councilbuen of the said Citty, for the time 
being, and their successors forever, and alsoe all free-holders of the 
said Citty, that is to say, ail persons ownehig a whole lott of land 
with a house built thereoii, according to law, and all persons actually 
resideing and inhabitting in the said Citty, haveing a visable estate of 
the valine of twenty pounds sterling, att the least, and likewise, all per- 
sons hereafter who shall serve five years to any trade within this Citty, 
and shall, after the expiracion of their time, be actually housekeepers 
and inhabitants in the same, to send two cittizens and delegates to 
every one of our assembly or assemblys, hereafter to be held, or att 
any time or times, hereafter to be called, to be held for this, our said 
Province of Maryland, to be ellectod and chosen out of the iniiabit- 
tants, actually being and resideing within the said Litty, haveing a 
freehold or visable estate of the vallue of twenty pounds sterling 
therein, by the said Mayor, Recorder, Aldermen, Common Councill- 
men, Freeholders, and Freemen as aforesaid, or the major parte of 
rliem being present, by virtue of our v/ritt or writts of action to be 



DO " T 11 E A N C 1 E N T C I T Y . " 

sent to them for that purpose, which said writtor writts, wee doe here- 
by ^rant. shall be issued out and sent to the said Mayor, Recorder, and 
Aldernicn, soe often as occasion shall require : provided, that all such 
ellector or voters as aforesaid, doe take an oath to be true to the in- 
terest of the said Citty l)efore they lie admitted to such vote ;and pro- 
vided, alsoe. and att all times after the end of the next G-enerall As- 
sembly, to be held for this provijce, noe Freeman, as aforesaid, not 
]>eini( a freeholder as aforesaifl, shall have the Hl)ertie of such vote as 
aforei'.aid. until free three months, after such his freedom obtained ; 
and when hereafter, there shall happen any Generall Assembly to l)e 
lield, accordinsr as writts shall be sent to the severall and respective 
counties for ollectinir Deputies or Delegates for their severall and re- 
spective counties in this our province of Maryland, wee further grant 
tliat the said cittizeiis and delegates, by them soe as aforesaid ellected 
and sent, shall have full and free votes and voices in all and every 
of our Generall Assemblys. touching or concerning all matters or 
things thereto, to be discoursed and handled as other, the Deputies or 
Delegates of the severall and respective countys, formerly have had. 
now have, or hereafter shall have ; and further, wee grant and give 
lycence to the Mayor, liecorder. Aldermen, and Common Councill or 
the said Citty, for the time bemg, and their successors forever, to have 
and to hold two marketts weekly within this said Citty, on every 
Wednesday and Saturday in the weeke, in some convenient place to 
be by them appointed within the presincts'='" Ijiberties of the said 
Citty. and alsoe two fairs yearly Jo be kept on Munday, otlierwise. 
called St. Phillip and Jacobs Day, and on the feast of St. ^Michaell. 
the Archan2:ell, or on the next Day succeeding, each or either of them, 
in ease they shall happen to fall on the Lord's Day. for tlie sale ami 
vending all inannorof goods, cattle, wares, and merchandizes whatever, 
on whieli said fair Days and first two days before and after all person.^ 
comeing to the said fairs together with their cattle, goods, wares, and 
merchandizes, and returning thence shall be exan])t and [jrevillidged 
from any arrest, attachments, or executions whatsoever, and that the 
said Mayor and Aldermen shall have power to sett sucli reasonable 
tole u[)on such goods, cattle, merchandizes, and other comodities a> 
shall l)e sold therein, respectively as shall be tiiought fitt. not exceed- 
ing six])ence on every beast sold, and the twentietli ])irte of the val- 
ine of any comodity, and shall and may hold a eourte of Pypowdry" 
dureing the said fair, for the determinacion of all controversies and 
(piarrels which may haj)pen therein, according to the u^uall course ii 
Knirland. in ihe like cases, {ind wee grant unto them all profitts and 
perqiiisitsdue. incident, and belonging to sjiid markett. fair, and Court ^' 
o\' Pypowdry : and further wee doe grant that tiie said Mayor, lie- 
corder. and Aldermen, or any three or more of tluMU. shall hold u 
<'ourte of Hustings within the said Citty where tliey an> hereby ini- 
powered to make |)r(»pei- otlicers and to sett reasonai)le ft>es, not ex- 
ceeding what are now allowed in the County Courte. and sliall have 

* "AnH" i>ioiiiibly left out. 

t The lowest— and. at the .«}imf time, the most expedition^ Court of Justice 
known to the Inw of Knglnnd, is tlie Court of Pi k.pimidhf.. ouri\ pkdcs pii.vkrI 
ZATi : so callffi from the dusty feet of tlie suitors or .icoordiiiy to Sir Edward 
<'nke, beiause justice is there dorip as speedily ms dtist ean f \il Irom the foot. 
Jt wRs held }it niiirk<'ts so that attendants on the mark.«t« might have their 
eans«s hoard and determined expeditiously, and they lose no time by the de- 
lays of the law. Bl;u'k.-tone, Vol, III. p. ;!l. 



History OF Annapolis. 91 

jurisdiction and holdplea of trespass and Gectment for any lands or 
tenements within the said Citty. as alsoe of all writts of dower for the 
same lands and tenements, and of all other actions persoiiall and 
mixt. and as a Conrte of liecord give judgement and award execucion 
thereon, according to the Laws and Statutes of England and this 
Province ; provided, the demand in the said action personall and mixt 
exceed not the sume of six pounds, ten shillings sterling, or seventeen 
hundred pounds of tobaccoe ; and, provided, nevertheless, that any 
party or partys, plaintiffs or defendants, shall be at their liberty oil 
good grounds to luing writts of habeas corpus and certiorarie, to re- 
move any plaints from the said Hustings to the Provinciall Courte hi 
this Province and alsoe to appeale from the judgment of the Mayors, 
or bring writts of error att their choice to the Provinciall Courte un- 
der such limitacion and regulacion as is already by the act of Assem- 
bly of this Province assigned for prosecuting appeales and writts of 
error from the County Courtes to the Provinciall. In testimoney 
w^hereof , wee have caused these our letters to be made pattent, giveii 
att Annapolis, under the Create Scale of our said Province. Wittness 
our trusty and well beloved John Seymour, Esq., Captain Generall 
and Governour-in-Chief of our said Province, this twenty-S:econd Day 
of November, in the seventh year of our Reigne &c., Annoque 
Domni, 1708."* 

"From the period of the grant of its charter by governor Seymour, 
Annapolis was continually on the advance. It never acquired a 
large population, nor any great degree of commercial consequence : 
but long before the American revolution, it was conspicuous as the 
seat of wealth and fashion ; the luxurious habits, elegant accomplish- 
ments, and profuse hospitality of its inhabitants were proverbially 
known throughout the colonies. It was the seat of a wealthy govern- 
ment, and of its principal institutions ; and as such, congregated 
around it many, whose liberal attainments eminently qualified "them 
for society, "t 

A French, writer in speaking of this city as he found it during the 
American revolution, thus describes it : ''In that very inconsiderable' 
town, standing at the mouth of the Severn, where it falls into the 
bay, of the few buildings it contains, at least three-fourths may be 
styled elegant and grand. Female luxury here exceeds what is 
knovi^i in the provinces of France. A French hair dresser is a man 
of importance amongst them ; and it is said, a certain dame here hires 
one of that craft at one thousand crowns a year. The State House is 
a very l)eautiful building. 1 think the most so of any I have seen in 
America." 

This forms a striking contrast to the account given of it at a much 
earlierdate, and which is to l)e found in a satire, called, "The Sot-weed 
Factor, or a Voyage to Maryland ;" in which is described the laws, 
government, courts, and constitutions of the coimtry ; and also the 
buildings, feasts, frolics, entertainments, and drimken humours of the 
inhabitants of that part of America. In burlesque verse, by Eden 
Cook, gent., published at London in 1708. 

* Liber P. C. Clmncerj- Proceed in.i^s, p. 595. 
■f McM;.hon's p. :>r.7. 



03 ''The A n c i e n t C i t y . ' ' 

Annapolis is thus mentioned in one part oi' this quaint work : 

"To try the cause, then fully bent, 
. Up to Annapolis 1 went : 

A city situate on a plain, 

Where scarce a house will keep out rain 

The buildings framed with cypress rare ; 

llesemble much our Southwick fair ; 

But stranfi:ers there will scarcely meet 

With market place, exchange, or street ; 

And, if the truth I may report, 
t It's not so large as Tottenham court, — 

St. Mary's once was in repute. 

Now here the judges try the suit. 

And lawyers twice a year dispute — 

As oft the bencji most gravely meet. 

Some to get drunk, and some to eat 

A swinging share of country treat ; 

But as for justice, riglit, or wrong, 

Not one amongst tlie numerous throng- 
Knows what it means, or has the heart 

To vindicate a stranger's part." 
Mr. Jonas Green reprinted this poem in ITol, Init took care to tell 
tlie readers it was a descri![)tion of Annapolis twenty years before. 



CHAPTER XXTV. 

TiTi: ANXAPoi.rs Delegates Denied Admittance to 
THE House. 

The Lower House considered that the jiower to erect cities and 
grant charters was a prerogative tliat coukl l)e exercised only Ijy the 
crown itself, and when the delegates from Annapolis made tlieir ap- 
pearance at the September Session of 1708, that bvody denied the 
authority of the executive ''to confer the charter and expelled the 
delegates elected undei* it. Astonished at a measure to Iwkl and un- 
expected, the governor, at first, attempted to win it to his purposes by 
conciliation. Its members were suunnoned to the trpi)er House, 
\vhere they were addressed by liiiu in language disclaiming all inten- 
tion to interfere witii their rights and privileges in determining the 
election of their own members; but claiming for himself also, tho 
competency to judge of Jiis own prero:;atives, and they were urged to- 
return to tneir house, and resciiul their resolution. In justification of 
themselves, they replied that tlic course pursued by them was founded 
upon the complaint of some of the freeholders and inhabitants of An- 
napolis, wiio conceived that it ill'ected their rights as freemen, and 
[)articidarlyas to the privilege of voting for delegates ; that the right 



HistoryofAnnapolis. 93 

to erect cities, was not expressly vested in the erovernor, and ought 
not therefore to be exercised until the Queen's pleasure was known : 
but that they would cheerfully concur with him in granting the 
charter, if all the inhabitants and freeholders of the place desired, 
and were secured in their equal privileges, to which they were entitled 
by the laws of England, and the public lands and buildings secured 
to the uses for w lich they were purchased. The Governor now tried 
the usual expedient with a refract-rry house. The Assembly was dis- 
solved and a new house immediately summoned, which he at first found 
quite as unmanageable as the old. Their first message desired him to 
inform them, if he had received from her majesty any instructions 
authorizing the grant of charters and the erection of cities which were 
not contamed in his commission ; and if so, to communicate them. 
His brief reply was. 'that he had no doubt of his own right and if the 
exercise of the power was unwarranted, he was answerable to her 
majesty, and not to them." To bring this difference to a close, a con- 
ference was now had between the two houses ; which terminat,ed in a 
compromise, and in the passage of the act of 1708, chapter 7th. to 
carry that compromise into effect. By this act. the charter of An- 
napolis was confirmed, under certain reservations as to the public 
buildings, and restrictions of the municipal power. ''"••• 

This was the act the Assembly passed to settle and confirm the 
charter of Annapolis : 

"Whereas this present General Assembly have taken into their con- 
sideration the Charter lately Granted to the City of Annapolis, and 
being desirous to give all due encouragement to cohaVdtation, have 
resolved to confirm the same Charter, and to explain and restrain some 
clauses and grants therein contained, they humbly pray that it may 
he enacted ; 

"II. AjmI it is herehy enacted. By the Queen's most Excellent Majesty, 
by and with the advice and consent of her Majesty's Governor, Coun- 
cil, and Assembly of this Province, and by the authority of the same, 
That the said Charter to the City of Annapolis, bearing date at the 
said City on the twenty-second day of Xovember, Anno 1708, in the 
seventh year of her Majesty's Reign, Sealed with the Great Seal of 
this her Majesty's Province, and signed with the Sign Manual of his 
Excellency John Seymour, Esq., Captain-General and Governor in 
Chief thereof, incorporating the inhabitants of Annapolis into a City, 
and Body Corporate, and the several Articles, Clauses, Grants, 
Powers, Authorities, and Privileges therein contained, shall, by virtue 
of this Act, be held, taken, stand, remain, and be firm, and valid to all 
intents a'.id purposes whatsoever, within the same Charter mentioned 
and expressed, subject nevertheless to the several restrictions and ex- 
planations herein specified and declared, (that is to say,) That it 
shall in no wise be intended, construed, meant, or taken, to infringe 
the liberties and privileges of the public, either in regard to the pub- 
lic lands and buildings by them heretofore purchased and built ; but 
that the same shall be reserved and continued forever, to the uses and 
purposes to which they have already been allotted : And that all and 
€very the Judges and Justices oi the several Courts of Judicature 
which have usually held their Courts within the same City, in the 
public Court-house thereof, shall and may continue so to do ; and the 

* McMahon'8 Md. p. 2i6. 



94 " T H E A X C 1 E N T C I T Y . " 

Justices, Commissioners, and Sheriff of Ann-Arundel Connty shall 
have, hold, and exercise their Jurisdiction, in as full and ample manner, 
to all intents and purposes, in the Port of Annapolis, as heretofore 
had been usual. 

"III. And be it fnrther Emicfed ami Declared, That the Bye-Laws, 
to be made by the said Corporation, shall not affect or be binding to 
any other the Inhabitants of this Province, but wholly restrahied to 
the Inhabitants and Residents of the said City ; and that the Clause 
in the said Charter, impowering the Corporation to set toll on horses, 
cattle, and other commodities, to be sold on the two fair days, of the 
first of May, and of St. Michael the Arch-Angel, yearly, shall not. in 
any wise, enure, be construed, or extended, to impowering the Cor- 
poration to assess any toll or impost upon Cattle, Groods, Wares, or 
Merchandizes whatsoever, to be sold therein, if the Goods, Wares, or 
Merchandizes should not amount to the value of twenty shillings cur- 
rent money ; but if it exceed twenty shillings value, and not above 
five pounds current money, then the sum of six-pence shall be paid 
for the lee or toll thereof ; and for all Goods, &c., exceeding in value 
five pounds current money, then it shall be lawful to assess the sum 
of twelve pence current money for the fee or toll thereof, and no 
more. 

"IV. And Whereas, the Citizens and Burgesses of the several 
Boroughs in England have formerly been allowed but half wages, in 
respect to the salary of the Knights of the Shires ; Be it therefore En- 
acted, That the Citizens, representing the City of Annapolis, shall 
only be allowed half the wages to the Delegates and Representatives, 
as is and shall be allowed to the Delegates of the several Counties of 
this Province, and no more. 

*'V. A)ul whereas, Wornell Hunt. Esq., the present Recorder of the 
said City, is not yet qualified for that trust, by reason he hath not 
been resident in this Province during the term of three years ; never- 
theless the said Wornell Hunt, by virtue of this act, shall be deemed, 
and is hereby qualified and enabled to hold and execute the said 
Office of Recorder of the City aforesaid, any Law, Statute, Usage, or 
Custom to the contrary in any wise notwithstanding. 

"VI. And he it enacted, by the advice and consent aforesaid. That 
I he Land called the Town-Common, be reserved and remain to the use 
of the proper Owner or Owners, unless the Citizens can make it appear 
to have made satisfaction for the same, the next Session of Assembly." 



CHAPTER XXV. 
The First Newspaper tx Maryland. 

[1737.] In August, 1737, William Parks, printer to the Province of 
Maryland, made the fii-st venture in Maryland journalism. He be- 
gan at Annapolis "The Maryland Gazette.'' It was printed on a 



PI I S T R Y O F A N N A P O L I S . 95 

^^heet a little larger than foolscap ; had two columns to the page, and 
four pages to an issue. It was published once a week. The first 
numbers of this interesting relic of Maryland history are lost to the 
State, as well as the concluding issues. The Maryland Historical 
Society, however, is the fortimate possessor of some twenty copies of 
the Gazette, beginning with number Go of the issue, dating from 
Tuesday, Dec. 3, to Tuesday, Dec. 10, 1728. The last number it 
has is number 97, of date of July 23, 1729. On either side of the head 
of the paper, was an excellent cut, and below the caption was a 
space left, in which the names of the several subscribers were written 
to take the Gazette o\\ its way through the post to its destination. 
At the bottom of the fourth page was the announcement — "Annapo- 
lis, printed by William Parks, by whom advertisements and subscrip- 
tions are taken. ' ' The paper was made up of copious extracts of 
foreign news, a few local items, and sometimes one page of advertise- 
ments. There were frequently long communications written in the 
semi-classic style of the period. In Xo. GG, there were four local 
items, all relating to the shipping of the port of Annapohs. On 
January 1, 1729, is a notice recounting that a negro, belonging to 
William Robinson, of the county, had impudently and without provo- 
cation struck William Smith, carpenter, during a dispute over the 
fighting of their dogs, and that for it the said negro had his car 
cropped which the Gazette said it noticed, because it was the first 
case under the law, and it published it as a warning. We can hardly 
believe that the said negroes intended to be forewarned by this Chari- 
table admonition were assiduous readers of the Gazette. 

In No. 89, there were pubhshed three advertisements, in one of 
which notice was given "that there is a ship arrived in South River 
with about two hundred choice slaves, which are to be sold by Daniel 
Dulany, Richard Snowden, and Peter Hume." 

Mention is made in the issue of June 16, 1729, that "on Tuesday 
last, George Plater, Esq., was married to Mrs. Rebecca Bowles,, the 
relict of James Bowles, Esq., a gentle woman of considerable fortune." 

From the issue of June 24, 1729, are the following extracts made : 

"On Friday last, died James Carroll, at the House of Charles Car- 
roll, Esq., in this city. 

"On Friday last, the Hon. Patrick G-ordon, Esq., Grovernor of Phila- 
delphia, attended by several gentlemen of that province, arrived here 
:o visit our Governor. His Excellency received them very kindly, 
and they were saluted with the discharge of our great guns, colors 
ilying, &c., and their entertainment has been made as agreeable as 
this place could afford. This morning his Honor, the Governor of 
Pennsylvania, departed this city under discharge of our guns, &c. 

"Annapolis, March 4th, Saturday last, being the birth day of our 
most gracious Queen Caroline, was celebrated here in the 'manner 
following : His Excellency, Benedict Leonard Calvert, our Governor, 
invited the gentlemen of this city to a very handsome entertainment 
at dinner, and in the evening there was a ball at the Stadt House." 

The price of the Gazette was fifteen shillings a year, and advertise- 
ments, no rule as to length, were "to be inserted in it at three shillings 
for the first week, and two shillings for every week after." 

When the Gazette ceassd publication, we are left to conjecture. The 
probability is it was discontinued in a fo.w years. Mr. Parks, elected 



90 * ' T H K A N C I E X T C I T V . " 

in 1727 State Printer, remained in tliat office nntil 1742. when he wjis 
succeeded by Jonas Green. 

The (}az('fte was the sixth paper, in i)oint of time, that was printed 
in tlie American I'roAinces. 



CHAPTER XXVI.- 
ClIRoXICLES OF AXNAPOTJS FliOM 1 707 Tn 1740. 

[1707.] Jn 1707, tlie Leo-ishxture passed a snpidemcnt-ifiy act for the 
advancement of trade. In this law it was enacted that ''all th^- 
towns in lialtimore and Anne Arundel Counties, with the River. 
Creeks, Coves, tliereunto belonj^in^^:, (savinp: in Patuxent River) to be 
members of the Port of Annapolis." 

[1720.] A "Prospect to Annapolis" was laid off May 24. 1720. It 
comprised two lots of jj^round, one called Dnrand's Place, the other 
"Woodchurch's Rest. It was re-surveyed for Benj. Tasker. It lay on 
the North Side of Severn.! 

[1715.] By act of 1715. ch. IV, the Leo^islature reiterated its ajrree- 
ment with Anthony, alias William Workman, in reirard to fjivinc: him 
the privilege of buildinj? on the lots belonsinc: to Kins: William's 
School, a house which was to revert to the School at Workman's death. 
The act discovers that these three lots, that the sciiool was possessed 
of,^lay "to the foot of tlio Stadt House Hill, on the Eastward there- 
of." and that Workman was an inn-keei»er, and tliat, forerectinc: and 
so donatiui,^ tlie house allud.^d to the General Assembly, had jjranted 
him liberty and license "to keej) an ordinary in said House, duriuf:: his 
natural life, free and dischars^fed from the ])ayment of fine, then im- 
posed by law therefor." Workman came from Kent Island, then de- 
clared to I)e "in the county of Talbot." AVilliam Fre 'man, brick- 
layer, of Philadelphia, in Pennsylvam'a, built the house. The same 
act. after recitinfi: the difficulty of irt'ttinLr the board of Rector, Gov- 
ernors, and \'isitoi-s of Kinj^ William's School torjether to transact 
iMisiness. enacted that five of the board on special occasion, could exe- 
cute the powers of the school. 

[1718.] In 1718, "the Honorable Colonel William Holland. Colonel 
Thomas Addison, Capt. Daniel Mariartee and ]Mr. Alexander War- 
field" were made Commissioners by Act of Assembly, at the petition 
of the Corporation of Annaj)olis, to lay out ten acres of ])ublic land 
into half acre lots "for the better encourai^cment of poor Tradesmen 
to come and inhabit within the said city, and carry on their resj^ective 
trades therein." These were laid oif on Powder-House Hill and wer<' 
tolje donated to any person or persons not an owner of property in 

t Old le.U K.ll, vol. 1, p. 170. 

* The material of tlil" (Mi.iptfr is! m iinlv .Iri.vn from Ridg^'lV.s AtitiiIs <,f 
AniiHpolir;, pii^es KiS-ll'). 



li I S T O li Y OF A N >• A P L I S^ 97 

the town, v/ho would buil-l a dwelling'-house irpoii the same. If tlie 
lots were i)ot taken up at the end of two years, then owners of proi)erty 
in the city were allowed to have them. 

This addition was called ''Xew Town." _^ ' 

The General Assembly, by the same Act. appointed Jani&s .Stoddc'fef. 
Esq., to survey and lay off the city of Annapolis, as the original 
plat of the town which had been made by liichaid Beard, had been 
burned when the State House was destroyed by fire in 1704. 

Mr. Stoddard's survey made the toAvn contain one hundred and 
forty-two acres : one hundred and fifty-thi-ee square perches, and two 
hundred, nine and tliree quarters square feet. The State House Circle 
was laid down as containing 218.988 square feet, with a diameter i)2S 
feet and a circumference of 1159. The Church Circle contained 01,- 
025 square feet, with a diameter of 846, and a circumference of 1087 
feet. 

Among those who were the first to have lots surveyed, has been well 
preserved by records in the Land OflRce. After the ?ublic Circle, (State 
House Circle, ) Church Circle, and Market Space had been surveyed. 
Dr. Charles Carroll had resurveyed his lot lying on the north west 
^ideof Duke of Gloucester street, and running to Market street. Thos. 
Macnemara had the second lot resurveyed. It laid on the southwest 
side Duke of Gloucester street. He had five other lots resurveyed. all 
on the southwest side of Duke of Gloucester street. Thomas l>laden, 
Patrick Ogleby. Robert Thomas, Aijios Garrett, Benj. Tasker, James 
Carroll. Samuel Young, John Baldwin, Catherine Baldwin, Col. 
Sam'l. Young, atul Philip Lloyd are among the lot-owners by the re- 
survey of 1718. July 25, 1718, a lot was resurved for St. Anne. It 
lay between Temple street and Doctor street. Temple street has 
passed from memory, but Doctor street remains. 

[1720.] In 1720, an Act of Assembly was passed giving further 
time to the several tradesmen who originally took up the new lots 
within the addition to the City of Annapolis, to impro-. e the same: 
and at the same session a grant was made to Mr. Edward Smith of 
one hundred and twenty feet of ground in the City of Annapolis for a 
sawyer's yard. 

[1723.] In 1723, the Assembly passed an Act ''for the encourage- 
ment of learning and erecting schools in the several counties within 
this Province." Lender it Kev. Mr. Joseph Colebatch, Col. Samuel 
Young, William Lock, Esq.. Capt. Daniel Mariartee, Mr. Charles 
Hammond, Mr. Richard Warfield, and John Beale, Esq., were made 
the visitors of the schools of xVnne Arundel. 

[1727.] In 1727, Mr. William Parks, of Annapolis, was authorized 
to print a compilation of the laws of the Province. To this date there 
had been no printer. Mr. Ridgely who wrote in 1841, says, "this col- 
lection of the laws of Maryland is now nearly out of print — but few 
copies remaining — and is held by the few that own a copy of it as a 
rare and curious body of laws passed by our early legislators." 

[1728.] In 1728, "Henry Ridgely, Mordecai Hammond, and John 

Welsch, gentlemen," were empowered to lay out a lot of land, 60 feet 

in breadth on the water, 300 feet in length, and 25 feet wide at the 

head of the land, being a part of a lot formerly alloted on which to 

7 



OS "The Ancient City. " 

build a custom liouse. The corporcation was given the fee-simple to 
the lot provided it built a market house tliereon. Tiiis lot is the site 
of the present market house. 

[17:38.] In 173;J, the Le,i]:islature passed an Act ffivinfr £3.000 for 
purchasinir convenient g^round in Annapolis, for the use of the public, 
and for I)uildin2: ther^'on a dwellinj;^ house for the residence of the 
Governor. This was for a temporary residence. The Executive, 
Samuel Osfle, does not appear to have used the fund, and a further 
sum of £1,000 was added in 1742 to this, and Governor Bladen, em- 
jiowered to purchase four lots in the City of Annapolis, and to erect a 
buildinc: thereon as a residence for the Governor. Fro::i tliis act 
spranc: McDowell Hall, St. John's Colle<?e. 

v[17;>G.] In 1786. Charles Hammond, Philip Hammond, Vachel 
Denton, Daniel Dulany, Esq., and Mr. Ricliard Warfield were em- 
])owered to purchase a piece of ground witliin the town for a public 
school in Annapolis ; to contract for material and to em})loy workmen 
to build it. £1,500, current money, was voted l)y the Legislature 
for tliis work. 

[1740.] In 1740, is found the first Act of Assembly that brings to 
puVdic a name that will be foreverlinked with the history of Maryland. 
Chaj^ter 4, Acts of 1740, ''was for the speedy and effectual publication 
of the Laws of this Province, and for the encouragement of Jonas 
Green, of the City of Annapolis, printer." For twenty-eight years, 
and until his death hi 1708, Mr. Green continued the printer of the 
Province. He was a man of ready wit, large benevolence, and suc- 
cessful enterprise. His journal, the Maryland (rdzcftc, is one of the 
fullest and most reliable sources of history left the State by the cor- 
roding touch of time. 

In the act that made Mr. Green the State Printer, he was required 
to print, stitch, and deliver a copy of the public laws, speeches, ai.d 
answers made at the various sessions, and was directed to make 
marginal notes to the laws of the Legislature. He was also required to 
reside in Annapolis. I-Cach county court was obliged to lay a tax of 
£lo yearly in their respective counties for the su[)port of the State 
Printer. The olfice was for two years. 

Tlic Legislative Ivecords of this period contain numerous acts for 
the relief of languishing del)tors lying in prison for their debts. There- 
was rpiiro a, number so discliargt'd from tlie Annapolis j-ul. 



CnAPT]]ll XXVII. 
The Sr/oND ^^ewpai'kr Printed in Maryland. 

In that repository of archives — the Maryland State Library — will be 
found nearly one hundred volumes of "I'hp Jfan/liiiid (iazette,'' the 
second newspaper printed in ^laryland. The dimensions of the (ia- 
zcttc were exceedingly modest, its pages, but four in number, 
measunng only nine and a half inches in length and seven and a half 
in width. 



H I S T r. Y O F A X N A P L I s . 90 

The first issue of the Gazette v^'as dated Thursday, January Kth. 
1745; the publisher being "Jonas Green, Post-master, at the Printiag 
office in Charles street," who announced that it contained "the fresh- 
est advices — ^T-^reign and Domestic." These advices were from Lon- 
don in the preceding August and from Amsterdam, Frankfort, and 
Paris in the same month, and from Constantinople as far back as 
Jnly. News from Boston bore date of November 12th, 1744, and that 
from New York was exactly one week later. 

In the news from Paris of August 17, old style, was this item: "Six 
of the most noted Fish-wojuen of this city, took the trouble to go to 
Metz as soon as they heard of the King's Ilbiess, and made his Ma- 
jesty a present of a Shirt and Night-Cap, which they had touch'd to 
the Shrine of St. Geneveve : his T^lajesty slept in them very comforta- 
bly, and the next day found him much better. No doubt Shirt and 
Night-Cap touch'd by the Shrine of so precious a Saint, contributed, 
much towards his Majesty's recovery." 

The last sentence appears to be the Gazette^ s. 

Then, as now, editors like Presidents, felt incumbent upon them 
to offer an mangural address. Mr. Green, in making his bow to 
the pnblic. said" "the advantage of a newspaper * * -•■ being so 
universally known, renders it unnecessary to recommend a thing of 
the kind; however, since it might be looked upon as unfashionable to 
nsher one into the world without a word or two by way of introducticm, 
we shall "■•■ * "'•• "••• give some account of our design." "Our intent,'' con- 
tinues the editor, "therefore, is to give the public a weekly account of 
themost remarkable occurrences, foreign and domestic, which shall from 
time to time, come to our knowledge : having always a principal re- 
gard to such articles as nearest concern the American Plantations in. 
general, and the province of Maryland in particular; ever observing 
the strictest justice and truth in relation of facts, and the ntmost 
disinterestedness and Impartiality in points of controversy. 

"And. in a dearth of news which, in this remote part of the world, 
may sometimes reasonably be expected, we shall study to supply that 
defect by presenting our readers with the best materials we can possi- 
bly collect : havingalways, in this respect, a due regard to whatever 
may conduce to the promotion of virtue and learning, the supju-essioii 
of vice and immorality, and the Instruction as well as entertainment 
of our readers.*' 

The advertisements of the first issue were four in number — one 
offering a reward for a strayed or stolen stallion : the second, advertis- 
ing a computation table iov merchants ; the third placed on sale a 
work entitled, "A Protest against Popery, showing the purity of the 
church of England, and Errors of the church of Rome." This adver- 
tisement is quoted entire ; "Lent sometime ago, bnt to whom is for- 
got, a bound Book in Octavo intitled. News from the Dead, or True 
Inteligence from the other World : On a Leaf preceding the title 
page is wrote ; 'The Wicked borrow and never return,' The person 
who has it, is hereby desired to consider that Text, and restore the 
Book to the right owner. ' ' 

The subscription to the Gazette- was twelve shillings, Maryland 
currency, per annnm. When the paper was furnished sealed and 
directed, two shillings additional were charged. "Advertisements of 
moderate length," were inserted at five shillings each ; subsequent 
insertions at one shilling each. 



100 "The A x c i e n t City." 

The Gazetta was so much encouraf^ed that, at the end of the secoiid 
voliiine, it was able to eidarge ; and it continued to jn-osper and in- 
crease in size down to iB^ii), when it had become a journal of very- 
respectable dimensions. It was, in that year, discontinued. 

Its pages reflect the history of the province ; its columns show tho 
ways and thoughts of the early Mary landers. 

The first volume contains many advertisements for run-away ser- 
vants, such as ''a negro boy, named Edward Mills,'" "aii Irish ser- 
vant-man, Alexander McCoy. ' " The rewards for their capt ure ranged 
from "being well rewarded,'' to ten pounds. The descriptions of 
runaways were pointed, and did not mince matters, Sarah Munro 
advertised Elizal)eth K rowder, a run-away, "as an English convict 
servant, "■^- ••■ u[)wards of f(<rty years oi age, pretty tall and round- 
shouldered, her hair very grey, and has been lately cut olf ; but, it 
is sujjposed, she has got a tower to wear instead of it." Thomas Wood' 
was advertised as being "o feet, ten inches high, has a fresh com- 
jdexion, short brown hair, and one of his teeth broken. "-■■ ••• ■■■ He 
goes by the name of John Wilson * "-•■ •■• * and has got a pass which 
he has forged, of which he is very capable, as he writes a good hand, 
and is a sly cunning fellow." John Jones, "a mulatto fellow," was 
advertised as "iibout 20 years old, has a deep dimple in his chin and 
a likely pleasant h)ok, and is a mighty singer." The descrij>tions of 
their wearing apparel wore as minute. 

An advertisement in October, 1745, announced, "next Spring a 
caravan will be set up to go from said plac;es, (Cliarlottetown and 
Patai)sco,) to York, Lancaster, and Philadelplna, for the conveyency 
of Passengers, Goods, letters, &c." Six months public notice was 
thus given of a journey that now can be made from those points to 
Philadelphia in six or eight hours : 

Nostrums were duly advertised in those pastoral times. In the issue 
of September lo, lT4o, one Francis Torres gave out in a flaming 
advertisement, a page and a quarter in length, that he liad possession 
of certain Chinese stones and powders which had cured "Rheumatism, 
Gout, Bite of Venemous Snake, Cancers, Swellings, Pleurisy, Tooth- 
ache, Headache, and numerous other diseases, simply by an outward 
application of the remedies." The announceuient was followed by a 
long number of certificates of persons, (which practice eontinues until 
this day, j who had seen cures made, or had themselves been healed, 
by these "chemical compositions." Some certified to seeing six per- 
sons cured of rattlesnake bites, one of being cured of tooth-ache, one 
of pain in the feet, one of a cancer being cured, and thus, throughout 
the hst, the marvelous healings ran. 

But "Monsieur Torres" was not allowed to sell in peace his Chinese 
cure-alls at twenty-five shillings per stone and bag. A corresi)ondent, 
in the (razatff, of Xoveinber 8, stated that "if any oue'couhl notafford 
the price charged for these articles, they shouhl go to a cutler's shop, 
there you will find a remnant of buck-horn, cut olf probably from a 
piece that was too long for a knife handle, saw and rasp it into what- 
ever shape you please, and then burn it in hot embers, and you will 
have Mons. Torres. Chinese stones which will stick to a wet finger, a 
fresh sore, &c., &;c., &c., and have all the virtues of — a new tobacco 
pipe." 

The powders were disposed of in as summary a manuer by this 
critic. 



History OF Annapolis. 101 

The Gazette, paid some aj^tention to local matters ; considerably more 
to legislative proceedings. Its columns, in 1745, contained the 
correspondence between the Grovernor and the Legislature when they 
•were at variance about the imposition of a tax on tobacco, which the 
Governor and council of State had imposed without the authority of the 
Legislature. Several sliarp messages passed between them, and contro- 
versy ended in the dissolution of the Legislature by the Executive. 

The marvelous pervaded the columns of newspapers then as welL, 
as in these times. Thus we hear from Dorchester county, that, in the- 
great snow in December last, a poor man standing upon the limb of a. 
tree, with abroad axe in his hand, cutting ofl: some boughs for fire- 
wood, his foot slipped, and he tumbled down, and falling upon tlie edge 
of the axe, (which was kept uppermost by the snow,) his breast was 
cut open quite the whole breadth of the axe, and his lungs came out. 
A surgeon, being applied to in a few days, made a perfect cure of, liira." 

In the date of June 3, 1746, the Gazette published this item : "The 
following article, having been transmitted with a desiie to have it in- 
serted ill this paper, it is therefore, without any alteration, submitted 
to the judgment of the people : ' j^ 

" 'On Saturday, May 24, 1746. two men of repute, fishing off Kent 
Island, about four o'clock in the afternoon, the weather clear and 
calm, they saw to their surprise, at a small distance, a man, about five 
feet high, walking by them on the water, as if on dry land. He 
crossed over from Kent to Talbot county about the distance of four 
miles.' " 

The afttention that was paid ta foreign news was very great. Al- 
most the entire paper, number after number, was filled with news 
from important places of the old world. These clippings show a de- 
cidedly Protestant cast of sentiment. The following is an account of 
a procession observed at Deptford, England, in 1745, honor of the 
King's birthday : 

"I. A Highlander, in his proper dress, carrying on a pole a pair of 
wooden shoes, with this motto : 

The Xewest Make Fbo3I Paris. 

"II. A Jesuit in his proper dress, carrying on the point of a long 
flaming sword, a banner with this inscription in large Capital letters : 
IxQuisiTiON, Flames, and Damnation. 

"III. Two Capauchin Friars, properly shaved, habited and ac- 
coutred with flogging poles, beads, and crucifixes, &c. One or thera 
bore, on a high pole a bell, Massbook, and candles, to curse _ the Biit- 
ish nation with ; the other carried a large standard with this inscrip- 
tion : 

IXDT'LGENCES ChEAP AS DlRT. 

Murder Xine-pcnco. 

Adultery _ . . . ^ Nine-pence half pence. 

Reading the Bible A thousand pounds. 

Fornication Four pence half penny farthing. 

Perjury •• Xothiug at all. 

Rebellion A Revv^ard or draw-back of thirteen pence half 

penny Scots money. 
'•IV. The pretender with a ribbon, a nosegay, &c., riding upon an 



103 " T U E A N C 1 E N T C I T Y. ' ' 

ass, supported by a Freiichraan on the right, and Spaniard ou left, 
each «lressed to the height of the newest modes from Paris and Madrid. 

•'Y. The Pojie riding upon his l)ull. 

"Tlie i)rocossioii was preceded and closed by all sorts of rough 
music, and after a march round the town, the Pope and tlie j^retender 
were committed to the flames according to custom, but not 'til they 
had been first confessed, absolved, and purged with holy water, by 
the Jusuit. The several actors played their parts with great drollery, 
and the only token of aifection to pojiery which the spectators gave 
was a liberal collection to tho money-boxes of the begging friars.'' 

The character of the education, tlicn available in tlie Province of 
Maryland, is learned from an advertisemeiit in the '"CTazette." Mr. 
Peter Robinson advertised that at his school iu Upper Marlborough, 
Prince George's county, re;iding, writing, arithmetic, geometry, cos- 
mography, astronomy, merciiants' accounts, "or theartof book- Keep- 
ing after the Italian manner," and algebra, were taught : also the 
description and use of "sea-charts, maps, quadrants, forestalls, 
noL-turnal protractor, scales, Coggershalls' rule sector, gauging rod, 
luiiversal ring dials, globes, and other mathematical instruments." 

The hard, persecuting spirit of those times is evidenced by a para- 
grapli taken from the same issue in which Mr. Robinson's advertise- 
ment appeared : 

"Annapolis: — Last week some persons of the Romish communion 
were apprehended, and upon examination were obliged to give 
security." 

The same mind was sliown in the needless cruelties inflicted upon 
criminals. 

In the issue of Friday, June 14, 174o, was this item : "Last week 
at Tiilbot County Court, a Xegro man was sentenced to have his right 
hand cut off ; to be nauged, and then quartered ; for the murder of 
his overseer, by stabbing him, a few days before with a knife." 

Another — "On Friday last Hector Grant, James Horncy, and Ether 
Anderson were executed at Chester in Kent county, pursuant to their 
sentence for the murder of their late jnaster. The men were hanged, 
the woman burned. They died penitent, acknowledging their crimes, 
and the justice of their punishment." The latter sentence commends 
itself to tlie sainted murderers of todav. 



CHAPTER XXVIII. 

Anxai»()Lis IX IT-!'). 

The membei's of tlie House of Delegates for this yivir from Anne 
Arundel were Major Henry Hal.', Dr. CJiarles C.-irroll, Mr. Philip 
]lannnond, and Mr. Tiionuis Worthington. For Annapolis City, 
Ca[)t. Robert Gordon, und Dr. Charles Stewart. 

On Wednesday, May lotii, 174"), James Barret was executed at An- 
nai)olis for the murder of John Cain in lialtiiuore county, perpetrated 



HistoeyofAnnapolis. 103 

under the following ciroumstances : Cain, Barret, and anoriier man. 
all three of them convicts, were engaged in petty thieving, and Cain 
was employed to sell some wool for them. He did it for eighteen 
pence ; ancl, on his refusal, after several demands to give his compiin- 
ions their share of it, they drew lots who should kill him. It fell 
upon Barret, and he inflicted a wound upon him with a knife, from 
which he died in nine weeks. Barret appeared at his trial about the 
first of April without remorse, but, at his execution, he ''seemed peni- 
tent for his sins ; implictily confessed the fact for which he suffered ; 
admonished the spectators to avoid drunkenness and passion, and de- 
clared he forgave, and died in charity with all manldnd."* 

Slave catching thrived in the province in these times. The records 
tell of one John Irwin, who was well known in the province, "particu- 
larly for his wonderful dispatch and integrity in taking up runaways, 
and his remarkable good nature in sometimes helping them off. It 
will be left to a certain class of moralists to determine which of these 
traits led him to commit a robbery and murder on the public highway 
in Scotland, which he expatiated by his life at Edinburg, Nov. i7'44." 

On Tuesday the IGth of July, 1745, there \^re great demonstrations 
of joy, such as the "firing of guns and drinkings of healths &c." 
made at Annapolis over the reduction of Louisburg by the Now Eng- 
land and English troops. The newspaper of the capital gave great 
space to the account of this capture, showing how keen an interest 
the people felt in the achievement. 

On the 4tli of August, 1745, Sunday, a severe storm passed over An- 
napolis doing great damage to it. A house was struck, and a man 
and his wife severely injured ; other persons, in and near the tovvu, 
were also hurt. Several cattle were killed in the country. The storm 
was particularly severe towards South Kiver. In this section three 
riders had just left their horses standing under a tree and had retired 
to the house for shelter, when all of the horses were struck by light- 
ning and killed. 

On the loth of August, a lad, aged 12 years, William Watson was 
knocked overboard by the boom of a schooner witliin Greenbury's 
Point and drowned. On the 35th of the same month two "servent 
men," one belonging to Mr. Tootell and one to Mr. Inch were upset 
jn a canoe on Spa Creek, and drov/ned. 

On the loth of September, James Briscoe, of St. Mary's county, was 
burnt in the hand at Aimapolis pursuant to a sentence of court for 
manslaughter, to which he pleaded guilty. 

Kobt. Gordon, Esq., was chosen mayor of the city in October. 

In this year the ship William and Anne, of Annapolis, Capt. Stra- 
chan was captured — it is supposed by the French — then at war with 
England — on her passage to London, and ransomed for 1,500 guineas. 

On Thursday, December, 20th, a fire broke out about midnight in the 
X'esideuce of Mr. GiV)8on, in Annapolis, which, notwithstanding all possi- 
ble assistance, entirely consumed the same, with all the furniture 
wearing apparel, and out-houses. Two negroes, a man and a woman, 
perished in the flames ; the rest of the family narrowly escaping with 
their lives. "It is thought tliis melancholy accident was occasioned 
by the negroes carrying coals up stairs to light tlieir ])ipes with." 

Friday, December 7, Ilobt. Gordon, Esq., and Walter Dulany were 

* Maryland Gazette. / 



104 "The Ancient City." 

unanimously elected delegates to the General Assenil)ly to represent 
Annaf)()lis. 

On ^Monday, August 5th, 1745, the Maryland Legislature began a 
called session in Annapolis. A greater number of delegates was 
never known to l)e in attendence at the first day of the session. Col. 
Edward Sprigg was unanimously elected speaker and Major William 
Tilghinan appointed clerk. The Governor, Thomas Bladen, Esq., ap- 
proved their election. It is thus seen the Governor had an important 
prerogative in the House — the rejection of its elected olTicers. 

"The session," said the Governor in his speech to the House, "was 
occasioned by a letter I have received from the Governor of New 
England, which shall be laid before you. You will find by it, that 
we arc called upon to give our assistance towards securing to the 
obedience of our Sovereign the late acquisition of Cape Breton." 
After expressing his belief that the body would not be wanting in 
pab-iotism in the matter, Gov. Bladen concluded his speech, with 
"This service requiring the first place in consultations, and the 
spe;'diest dispatch, I shall postpone the mention of ar.y other Matters 
to you, 'til we have discharged our duties upon this point." 

The Upper House of tlie Legislature in a brief address assured Gov. 
Bladen the were ready to give all assistance in their power to aid in 
securing Louisburg or Cape Breton to obedience to their common sov- 
erign ; and were ready to show on all occasions their'^duty and zeal for 
his Majesty's cause. 

Gov. Bladen briefly replied to the Upper House : ' 'Gentlemen of the 
Uppei- House of Assembly, I thank you for your address, whicn can- 
not but be very agreeable to me, as it confirms me in the good opinion 
I have of your duty and affection to his ^Majesty, and zeal for his 
service." 

On Wednesday the 7th, the Lower House, or House of Delegates 
made their reply. The peculiar phraseology of the first part of the 
firet sentence is noticeable. "May it please your Excellency, We 
liis Majesty's most dutiful and loyal sul>jects, the Delegates of the 
Freemen of Maryland, in this present Asse:: bly convened, take leave 
to acknowledge the favour of your excellency's speech at the "opening 
of this session, and your goodness in communicating to us Gov. Shir- 
ley's letter, whereby we have the ploasing news of the lieduction of 
Louisburg or Cape Breto'n, to his Majesty's obedience." They added 
although exempted from tlie call for troops, they would proceed to 
raise a support, and promised to give this business their first atten- 
tion. 

On Friday, Gov. Bladen returned this brief answer : "Gentlemen of 
the Lower f louse of Assembly, It is a real satisfaction to me to find 
by yo':r address that you are resolved to act like good subjects, faith- 
ful re|)resen:atives, and true lovers of your country." 

Thus far all was well ; but behind the Govn-nor's anxiety to secure 
an ai)propriation for supplies for Ijouisburg was an executive skeleton. 
He wanted the supplies voted at once. That was all. it app-.^irs, 
that he desired tiien he. had the Legislature in his power. He had 
the right of dissolution in his hand. So, if the Legislature was tur- 
bulent afterward, he could prorogue them, and not disai)po)iit his 
wishes, but to send the members houie before the supplies were granted 
would defeat the very object for which they were called together. The 



History of Annapolis. 105 

Lower House, on which its seems devolved the burden and the honor 
of defending:: the ri.u-lits of the "Freemen of Maryland" were as well 
aware of this pitfall, as was the Governor who set it. TJioy did not 
intend to step in it. 

On the evening^ of the 7th, probably after the otlier mild and agree- 
able address liad been presented to Governor Bladen, the following ad- 
ditional one .vas passed by the Lower House: "May it please your 
Excellency, It appearing to this House, that there has been assessed 
and levied by order of your Excellency and coimcil. the sum of one 
pound of Tobacco, on every taxable person within this Province ; and 
to force the collection thereof an execution hath been put into the 
hands of the respective sheiiffs : But in as much as it is not known 
to this House, by what Power or authority your excellency and their 
Honors have done the eame, we humbly pray your excellency will 
please to order to be laid before this House, the authority by which 
the said tax hath been assessed, levied, and execution issued for the 
same." 

On the' 12th another address was sent to his excellency. It read : 
"May it please your Excellency, We beg leave to represent to your ex- 
cellency, that, as the several Naval Officers of this province do, by vir- 
tue of sundry acts of Assembly, collect large sums of Money for the use 
of the public, we pray your Excellency will be pleased to acquaint us 
whether they give any bond for the due execution of their trusts in 
their offices, and if any, where lodged. As also to cause the same, or 
authentic copies thereof, to be laid before the House." 

The Governor ignored for a time these two addresses from the Lower 
House, but sharply rebuked that body on the 13th by the following 
message : 

"Gentlemen of the Lower House of Assembly, You have now sat 
above a week, and no bill has yet been offer-^d tome, or by what I can 
find, sent to the Upper House for the purpose, I so earnestly lecom- 
mended at our first meeting, and which brought us together at this 
season of the year. This Delay is the most extraordinary, as you 
have, in your address in answer to ray speech at the opening of the 
session, made the greatest professions of loyalty to our gracious sov- 
erign, ar>d zeal to the common cause, and you cannot but know, that 
the greatest dispatch is absolutely necessary, to render whatever you 
shall think fit to contribute, of real use. This is a truth not to be de- 
nied, and, therefore, it is that I postpone the mentioning any other 
matter to you 'till we shall have discharged our duties upon this Point ; 
which might very easily have been done in two or three days. I am 
sensible that what is passed cannot be remedied, and that all I can do 
is to remind you of your duty : therefore I earnestly exhort you, as 
you regard his ]Majesty's honor and service, and your own reputation, 
to discharge it without farther loss of time." 

Undismayed by attacks upon their loyalty to their sovereign or in- 
sinuatioi^s against their personal reputation, the members oi the 
Lower House, under date of the loth, made this manly reply : 

"May it please your Excellency, Whatever construction you are 
pleased to put upon our actions, we assure you, that our unfeigned 
loyalty to his Majesty will never permit us to give the least delay to 
anything that relates to his service, and this is apparent by the early 
and unanimous resolve of our House, to raise a sum of money for the 



lUiJ ' ' T 11 E A ^ c 1 E N T City.'' 

support ol liis garrison at Cape Breton : And accordingly a bill to 
that end is in as great forwardness as the subject matter would ad- 
mit, and will, with the utmost expedition, be sent to the Upper House. 
AVere we inclined to think of any other than a fair and upriglit be- 
havior in your excellency, we conceive there is equal room to suspect 
a delay on your part ; as you have had before you our address relating to 
the authority l>y which your excellency and his lordship's council have 
levied upon the people one pound of tobacco ])er poll, near as long as 
the aifair for support of Cape Breton hath l^een under our considera- 
tion, and we should think it less difficult for your excellency to say 
by what authority that tobacco was levied, than it is for us to find 
out ways and means effectually to answer the service of his majesty 
with the greatest ease to tlie peojde. 

* 'As wiiat we are about to do for the service of our most gracious 
sovereign is the result of our own free will, we are determined not to 
be diverted from that method of proceeding, whereby we hope to 
render it most useful and agreeable." 

The quarrel was now fully inaugurated and the irate Governor was 
not long in making a reply to this independent addtess. TJie next 
day, the IGth, Goy. Bladen sent this message to the Lower House : 
"Were I to judge of your address by the reasoning, language, and 
style of it, I should put no other consti'uction upon it, init that you 
were at a loss how to defeat the service you are met upon, and that 
you were resolved to treat me with the utmost indecency and ill man- 
ners, merely to furnish yourself with a pretence, that you wore di- 
verted from the metiiod of proceeding that would have rendered your 
services most useful and agreeable to his majesty. 

''But, as you say, you are determined not to be so diverted, let 
yqur proceedinors give evidence of the sincerity of your words, and I 
shall rejoice at it, and shall willingly lose the remembrance of your 
extraordinary Ijehavior towards myself in the pleasure I shall receive, 
when 1 shall see your actions correspond with the profession you make 
of duty to his Majesty and alfection for. his service : This is the grea-t 
point you are met upon, and I must say, you have already let so much 
time go ijy, that yni have no more to lose, if you really mean to act 
like good subjects and avoid an odious distinction that must inevita- 
bly be made betwec n the behavior of a Maryland Lower House of As- 
sembly und that of all the other colonies, who have been apjdicd.to 
on this iuiportant business. 

"As for not giving you an answer to your address in relation to the 
levy of one ])ound of tobacco per jtoll, I have deferred i. purely in 
res]>ect to his Majesty's service whivh ought to have engrossed our 
whole attention, and which, if it had, would have saved the pain of 
answering an address of so strange a nature as what you have sent 
rae this day, which 1 know to l)e the production of a few. So to a 
a few, very few, do 1 ini[)Ute it."' 

Three days alter, the Legislature voted £1.000 towards the support 
of the garrison at Cape Breton. They had before made an appropria- 
tion to this si-rvice of £2,01)0. Thus they showed their loyalty to 
their sovereign, whilst they maintained their rights as freemen. 

Once in the arena, the Freemen of ^Maryland, by their representa- 
tives, were dis])0sed to bring their recalcitrant governor tothetortuiv 
block, and to answer for real or imaginary delinquencies. On the 21st, 



History OF Annapolis. 107 

after reciting in an address to the governor that tlie people of Mary- 
land were '"burthened with many taxes and charges," they reminded 
him tliere were certain fines, forfeitnres and amerciaments, which 
ought to be appropriated to the support of the government, and, as 
there have been no accounts been rendered to the House of Delegates 
for many years, they desiried accounts of them from "1715 to this 
time." 

On the 23rd of the month, the delegates of Maryland sent his ex- 
cellency another address. It was brief and pointed. It read : 

"May it please your Excellency, You not being pleased hitherto to 
give us an answer to a former address of this House, requesting you 
would order to be laid before us, by what authority your excellency 
and his lordship's council have caused to be levied on the people of 
this Province one pound of tobacco per poll, we humbly presume to 
renew our application to your excellency for that purpose. 

"And we do hope this request will be the more readily complied 
with, as it is the desire of the whole representative body of the people 
of Maryland.'.' 

That day Gov. Bladen sent three messages to the Lower House m 
reply to the addresses of that body. In tide first he said that the tax 
of one pound of tobacco was levied "by virtue of an act of Assembly, 
for the ordering and regulating the militia of this province for better 
•defence and security thereof, which you will fii:d in the body of laws, 
page 101." 

In regard to the naval officers' bond, the Governor said they were 
"lodged." with him, and he had ordered copies to be laid before the 
House. 

As to the fines and forfeitures paid since 1715, that were appro- 
priated by the Legislature for the support of the Government, the 
governor said tliat he took it "for granted, that the agents, who re- 
ceived them, have accounted for them to the Lord Proprietary, to 
whom only they were accountable." The same reasoning and man- 
ner of reply was made as to the fines and forfeitures of common law. 
The Governor closed his communications with "and if there was any 
occasion to lay such accounts before the Lower House of Assembly, 
as you desire, which I think there is not, it would be a very difficult 
task on me to procure such accounts, because several of the gentle- 
men who have been agents, are dead, and I am not acquainted with 
their executors or administrators. The same reasons will reach the 
amerciaments, and, therefore, I need not add anything more relating 
to them." 

The governor's replies in regard to the bonds of naval officer, and the 
fines, forfeitures, and amerciaments appear to have been satisfactory ; 
but not that in regard to the levying of the tobacco tax by himself 
and council. 

On September second, the Lower House sent the longest paper of 
the correspondence to the Govei'nor, in which it recited the act by 
which the governor claimed to lay the tax, and stated that, as this act 
was one supplemental to one enacted to be in force for three years, its 
authority had long since expired. "And although," the address con- 
tinued, "this be our opinicni on that point, we take leave further to ob- 
strve to your excellency, that it the said act were in its full force, yet 
it does not appear to us, that your excellency and the honorable 
board, have acted agreeable to the letter, meaning, or intention thereof. 



lOS ' • T II c A X c I E ^- T C i T Y . ■ ' 

"It crives us great concei-:i to have any cause of complaint against 
or dilference with your excellency, and that honorable board, and 
therefore truly wish and ho])e to iind, that the welfare and ease of 
the people may, and will, be the measure and rule of acting. 

"We, therefore, hope you will agree with us, that it is a high in- 
fringement on the liberties of .the people of Maryland to levy any 
taxes on them under color of law, as not only we, but our constitu- 
ents generally conceived has been done in this casc.""-=- 

* T!ii> correspoivlence is fouii I in the current numbers of the Maryland 

Giizette. 



CHAPTER XXIX. 
AxxAPOi.is A Cextuky Old* 

[1749.] Mr. Allen, in his brochure of St. Anne's Parish, says of 
Annapolis at this period : 

''At this date (1749,) one hundred years had passed away since the 
emigrants from Virginia had settled in the territory of this j^arish. 
And it may be worth while to take passi::g retrospect of the changes 
here during this period. The original inhabitants, the Indians, Avere 
all gone. The Puritans, they too, as such, wei-e^io longer heard of, 
their places of worsiiip wei-e desolate, and tlieir graveyards — Avhere 
are they? At their Proctor's Landing, a city had grown up ; it was 
the seat of Government for the province. The State House, the Church, 
the Scliool Houses, and magniticent dwellings, some of which still re- 
main, ■•■ liad taken the place of the log-liut of the emigrant and the 
wigwam of the Indian. Luxury, fashion, and commerce, with tlicir at- 
tendant dissipations and extravagance, had taken the place of the 
severe and stern simplicity of the early settlers. The battles and 
wars of its first days had lieen forgotten, and the full congregations 
worshipping at the Parish CJiurch and the Chapel at the head of the 
Severn, show that Puritan istn had passed away. And this last men- 
tioned change what liad produced it ? The descendants of the early 
Pui-itans were not a few, and many of them were still here ; but were 
they Puritans? How came all this? Was rt that there were lacking 
in Puritanism the elements of perpetuity? True, in returning to the 
church which their fatlicrsiiad left, they sacrificed no doctrinal belief; 
still, the ecclesiastical government and the forms of worship, which 
their ancestors had called by such harsh names, and so utterly repu- 
diated, were the same. Certainly, then we are left to the conclusion 
that while the Church of England did embody whatever was needful 
to sclf-jircservatitm and purity, the system whicli had hero passed 
away, did not possess them. For could earnestness and zeal and de- 
votion liave ])reserved them, they had continued to flourish." 

As spiritual changes had taken place in the Church — so in material 
matters, .--m,]-,,; < -"isitions had occurred. ^ '• '•■■'■' v' "v.- i-,,! 

* ib.-^s. 



Hist o ii y o f A >' n a p o l i s . 109 

given the matehloek of the ]MAryhiiider for the quiver of the Indian ; 
the pinnace for the canoe ; the ])rinting- press for pictorial chronicles ; 
skilled tillage for "^he unthrifty hunt ; African idavery for sava.<]je 
liberty ; the race-course for the wrestling match ; the school for the 
war-dance ; substantial edifices for the wigwam ; the grand ritual of 
a mighty Church for the artless appeal to the Great Spirit ; the busy 
throb of an important C'apital for the still-hunt of trie savage. 

The out-look of the city was fair and promising — its merchants had 
secured the chief trade of the province ; ships from all seas came to 
its harbor ; its endowed school educated its citizens for important 
positions ; its thought made the mind of the province : the gayety of 
its inhal)itants and their love of refined pleasure had developed the 
race-course, the theatre, and the ball-room ; — their love of learning 
the Gazette and King William's School ; — creations and enterprises 
that made the province famous, in after years, as the centre of the 
social pleasures, of tlie culture, and of the refinement of the American 
colonies. 



CHAPTER XXX.* 
Chuonicles of Ann Algous feo:^i 174(j to 177.">. 

[1740.] January 28, the ship Aurora, Captain Pickeman, from Hol- 
land, arrived at Amiapolis with nearly 200 Palatines. f Four died on the 
passage of twelve weeks. 

Saturday, March 8. from 10 to 12 o'clock, there was a remarkable 
aurora borealis at Annapolis. '"It extended a full quarter of the 
compass, and in some places resembled a red-hot oven. The corusca- 
tions, or streams of light, which were numerous, and continually 
changing shape and situation, reached near 50 degrees towards the 
zenith." 

The importance of Annapolis in tiie province at this time can be 
seen from the fact that Baltimoreans were obliged to do their adver- 
tising in the Annapolis paper — Wxo, Gazette, — the only journal then 
printed in Maryland. 

On Tuesday, the 6th of May, the long boat of the ship llichmoad. 
was upset about three miles from Tolley's Point, and the boatswain, gun- 
ner, and three others were drowned. About a week afterwards their 
bodies washed ashore near Annapolis. 

At a meeting of the corporation about this period, all by-laws were re- 
pealed, and fourteen others were enacted in their stead, constituting 
at that time the entire local code of the city. They were : 

1. To prevent nuisances. 

2. To ascertain the allowance to juries for verdicts. 

3. To oblige officers to attend to their duties. 

* T le i!etn* of thi ■ i-tiupt t ti-e t.ii^ ■ i m \\.\\\' fr un the M.trylatid Gnzelte' 
The quaint exi>res>iori3 arc t'le Gaz-'ttj'.-t owu. 
t Geimans. 



' • T li li A X 1 E N T C 1 T V . ■ • 

4. To prevent the dangers which may happen by the firin<j:of chini-- 
neys. 

o. For soourity of the peace, 

(>. Topn)hit)it keeping sheep, hogs, or geese, or nseless cattle, or 
horses within tlic town fence ; except in styes and inclo-^nros. 

7. To prevent accidents by fire. 

8. For the enconrageinent of tradesmen, 

9. To prevent vexatious suits for small debts. 

10. To subject such persons as shall hereafter be electeil Sheriffs of 
Annapolis to a line, if ihey shall refuse to undertake the execution of 
said otlice. 

11. To prevent the dangers and accidents which may arise from 
building, beaming, or graving ships, sloops, l)oats. and other vessels. 

12. To [)revent the entertaining and harboring of slaves 

13. To prevent sundry irregularities within tiie city of Annapolis, 

14. For repair of the public streets and other pnr[)osos therein men- 
tioned, 

15. To repeal all former by-laws of this cori>oratiou. 

June 13. three {)ersons were fined 120 each by the Anne Arundel 
Court, lield at Annapolis, for drinking the Pretender's health. 

On July 0th, the schooner Peggy, bound for Annapolis, with pjxs- 
sengers, v/as struck by lightning near Sharp's Island, the mainma'^t 
was rent from top to bottom. Ten persons lay for some time as dead. 
On recovering their conciousness they were seized with violent vomit- 
ings. The cabin was filled with a sulphurous smell. 

The (}az(itte, of the issue of July 15, says : "The gentlemen belong- 
ing to the ancient South River Club, to express their loyalty to his 
Majesty, on the success of the inimitable "Duke of Cumberland's ob- 
taining a cojnplete victory over the Pretender, and delivering us from 
persecutions at home, and popery and invasion from abroad, have ap- 
pointed a grand entertainment to be given at their Club House on 
Thursday next. An example worthy the imitation of all true loyal 
subjects." 

On Wednesday night, September 2nd, about midnight, Dr. Charles 
Carroll lost a wareliouse by fire, "the third disaster of the kind," 
which had liefallen him in eight months. Loss £000 sterling. 

On tlie 15th of September, three companies set sail, in. high spirits, 
from Annapolis, to engage in the contemplated reduction of Canada by 
the Englisli. The Captains were Camjibell, Croftis. and Jordan. 
The men had attained great proficiency in drill. The practice of ap- 
pealing to the ruler of the universe for success in arms was in vogue 
in Maryland. The editor of the Gazette stiys of this emimrkation and 
enterprise : "This important affair must excite, in every true subject, 
a hearty zeal and ardour in his prayers, that the Great God of Hosts 
would crown their enterprise with success." Small caps are the 
editors. _ 

Monday September 29, Michael Macnemara was elected Mayor of 
Annapolis. 

Wednesday, November 5tli, the great Whitfield visited Annapolis. It 
was a day of thanksgiving. lie jtreached a sermon from Prov. XIV, 
28 ; "Righteousness exalteth a nation." As the service ended, the 
ornament at the back of the Speaker's pew, gave way, and struck 
several gentlemen. Two were hurt severely. The fall was occasioned 
by a heavy gust of wind. 



II I S T O R Y O F .A X N A P (> T. I 8 . Ill 

Daring: this year the sloop Molly, of AMuapolis. Charles Giles, cora- 
inandor. bound to Barbadoes, was captured by a French privateer. 

[1747.] Tuesday, January G, was launched a very fine andlar^e ship, 
belou,2:iiig to Mr. William Robert, of Anna])olis. She was called the 
Runinti/iiml Long, after the names of the Builders, and would carry 
700 ho,2:slieads of tobacco. 

On January 29, Sheriff William Thornton, by order of Anne Arundel 
County Court, offered for sale to the highest ^bidder, two men hi his 
custody, for his fees. 

The Maryland Gazette, of March 3, says, '-on Monday last week, ar- 
rived in Patuxent, Capt. Isaac Johns, from London, which place he 
left the loth of December last. We have not yet learned of any news 
he has brought except that he left Portsmouth twenty-four hours 
after a Fleet bound to America, under convey of a Man of War ; 
whom were tlie Captains Grerman Cole for Patuxent, and Grindell and 
Creagh for Patapsco. He also brings advice, that his Excellency 
Samuel Ogle, Esq., with his Lady and. Family, is on board the same 
Man of War, bound hither, with a commission to resume the Govern- 
ment of this Province ; his Excellency the present Governor designing 
for England this Spring." 

On March 9, Thomas Williamson, advertised that "he gives good 
encouragement to men, women, and children, that can be aiding and 
assisting in the business of making duck and osnabrigs ; especially 
spinners." 

By letters from London, the Gazette, of March 17, says, we learn 
that the Snow Glasgow, Capt. Montgomery, and the Ship Prince 
George, Capt. Coulter, both bound hither, were taken the 10th of 
September last, about 50 leagues from the Capes, by four Frenchmen 
of war from the West Indies, who, after they had taken out the goods, 
burnt both the vessels. 

Stephen West, Jr., advertised in March of this year for persons who 
"are skilled in spinning of Hemp for sail-cloth, osnabrigs, sacking, or 
cordage : and weaving'of sail cloth, &c., or laying of rope, having all 
materials in readiness for carrying on the business." 

A touch of Baltimore's growing commercial importance was felt at 
this time, the Gazette of Tuesday, March 24, argumentatively saying : 
"Last Saturday sailed out of Severn River, the Ship Britannia, Capt. 
John Hutchinson, for London, having onboard 1064 hogsheads of to- 
bacco, consigned to Mr. John Hamburg. The great dispatch which 
has been made in the loading of that large ship, being but httie more 
than two months (all our navigation being stopped for many weeks in 
the winter, ) and the dispatch which those ships that load in that 
ri^er commonly made, is enough to make one wonder that so many go 
further up the Bay into Patapsco to load, where the navigation is so 
much more dithcult, and must consequently take much longer time ; 
and where we are well informed the worm bites as bad as in Severn." 
The Brig, Raleigh, late the Raleigh Privateer, Capt. Samuel Allyne, 
from Annapolis, \vith 5,000 bushels of wheat for Madeira, ran ashore 
and bilged on Willoughly's Point in Virginia, on the 21st of March at 
night. "The vessel and c'argo were lost, and the crew saved with much 
difficulty. 

During April of this year, "some villians broke into the Council 
House in this city, and stole some of the arms. His Excellency, the 



112 * ' T u E A s c 1 i; n t C i r v . ' " 

Governor, has issuod a Proclamation, offeriuix a reward of fifty [jo'.-ukIs 
toativ oue that will discovor the person or persons concerned in the 
fact." 

On Friday, May 20. Dr. A loxandorllainilton, of Annai>ohs, was mar- 
ried to I\Iiss Margaret Dnlany, (daug-hter to the Hon. Daniel Dulany, 
Esq., "a well accom[ilished and agreeable young lady, with a hand- 
some fortune." 

On Thi-irsday night the 12tli of May, "died here, after a short illness. 
Miss Anne Ogle, eldest dangiiter of his Excellency, ourOovornor, a 
A-ery hopeful and promising young lady, endowed with a surju-ising wit 
and eveiy endearing quality, beyonil most of iier tender years ; and is 
greatly lamented." 

Wednesday May 1. a negro man, named Tom, was executed liere for 
a burglary, of which he had been convicted at the {)recee(ling County 
Court in March. 

On Sunday, July r2th, last, two very hopeful children, the eldest 
sons of 3Ir. William Reynolds, hatter, of this place, one of them 7, 
the other years of age, were drowned. Their bodies were soon after 
taken up. 

Among the Acts, passed at the late Session, was one "for repairing and 
amending the public and county goal, in thecityof Annap-lis."' Also, 
one for the speedy and effectual publication ^f the Laws of this 
''Provinces and for the encouragement of Jonas Green, Printer." 

<')n Tuesday, July 28th last, "Mr. Nicholas Maccubbin, of Aima po- 
lls, merchant, was married to Miss ]Mary Carroll, only daughter of 
Dr. Charles Carroll, a young gentlewoman l)lessed with every good 
qualification, having a handsome fortune." 

A number of the Rebeh , imported in the ship Johnson, into Oxford, 
were brought to Annapolis about this time and were put upon sale. 

On the ')n\ of August, the body of Elisha Williams was found 
drowned — servant to John Senhouse. An inquest was held, the 
coroner, at the time, cliarging "the too often rigorous usage and ill- 
treatment of masters to servants, whereby it very often happened, 
that such ill-usage was the causage of many servants making an end 
of themselves one way or other." The jury then took evidence. 
What was the exact result of their labors it is difTicult to say, as the 
only record there is at hand is the (lazi'tfc's account given in the fol- 
lowing climded style : "The jury gave the following verdict; viz: 
That by his having been lately ill-used by Hannah Seidiouse, his mis- 
tress, he went voluntarily into the water and was drowned, whether 
his having l)een ill-used, or expectation for the future to be so, was 
the cause of this drowning is left to a Grand Inquest for the body of 
this county to enquire into ; and we are informed, that the transgres- 
sor, as well as the evidences, are bound over to the next Assize-(!olirt. 
It is, therefore, to be hoped, and it is the intent of this (l)eing in 
print.) that all nuisters may, and will, for the future, use their ser- 
vants according to their deserts, let the consequence of this case end 
in whatever manner it will." 

At this period Nicholas (Uouds kept ''boats and hands at Broad 
•Creek, on Kent Island, to cross the Bay to Annajfolis with gentlemen 
and their horses, and like wise from Annapolis to Kent Island." 

The Annapolis Company, Capt. Campbell, showed the white feather at 
Saratoga. Lieutenant Joseph Chew of that company, and who was 
taken prisoner, stated : "We were indeed over-matched, yet our men 



History OF Annapolis. 113 

behaved ill ; some threw away their pieces without ever firing of them ; 
others fired once, and ran off." 

On November 16th, a negro man, named York, was convicted of 
horse-steahng in Anne Arundel county, and sentenced to death, 
and, on Wednesdav, December 9, was executed at Annapolis. In con- 
tradistinction to the great parade made today in the newspapers when 
a criminal is hung, the Maryland Gazette summed up the whole mat- 
ter in two lines. 

December 14, the General Assembly was convened in extra session 
by Gov. Samuel Ogle. A quorum not appearing, the Assembly was 
prorogued until Monday the 21st. On the 22nd, the Governor made 
his speech to membeis, excusing the necessity of calling them together 
at that season, but he added he "thought it my indispensible duty to 
obey his majesty's commands, which I shall lay before you." He- 
further stated what his majesty desired was that money he raised to 
support their own colonial troops in the war against the French until 
the whole expenses could be laid before Parliament. 

The Upper House expressed its willingness to do all it could to de- 
monstrate their loyalty to their sovereign ; the Lower House, the im- 
mediate representative of the people, was more cautious in its ex- 
pressions. After stating the inconvenience with which they had as- 
sembled, they expressed their willingness to do all in their power to 
answer "his royal expectations." They also informed his Excellency 
that they would take the subject into their "serious consideration ; 
and determine thereupon, agreeable to the present circumstances of 
the people we represent." They were not long in coming to a con- 
clusion. On that very day it seems they made a further address to 
the Governor, in which they represented "that the vast charge and ex- 
pense the people of this province have already been at, in lodging, 
maintaining here, and transporting to Albany in the province of New 
York, the place of general rendezvous, and further supplying those 
levies with provisions there ; together with the heavy taxes, and other 
difficulties, under which the people we represent now labor ; have 
rendered it altogether impracticable for us to raise or advance any sum 
for payment of the said forces. And as no further business lies before 
this House, we pray your Excellency ^x\\\ please to put an end to this 
meeting." 

The Governor replied to the Lower House, "I wish with all my 
heart you could have thought of any way of answering his majesty's 
expectations at this time, in relation to our own le-sdes, agreeable to 
the zeal you have hitherto shown upon the like occasions ; but as you 
represent it impracticable for us to raise or advance any further sum 
for the payment of the said forces, nothing remains for me to do, but 
to put. an end to this Assembly." 

The Legislature was prorogued to the second Tuesday in May en- 
suing. 

On the 27th of December, Mrs. Baldwin, aged 99 or 100 years, died 
near Annapolis on her son's plantation. She is said to have been bom 
in Anne Arundel which would make her birth about the settlement of 
the county. She left behind a numerous progeny. 

[1748.] Information arrived at Annapolis early in this year that the 
schooner Hopewell, Capt. Coulhon, of Annapolis, had been captured 
by the French. 
8 



114 " T II E A X C I E N T C I T Y . ' ' 

The Judicial Proceedings of the province throw great light upon 
the principles of the early Marvlanders. We turn out of the way to 
take a case from Baltimore county. On the second of that assize "one 
Bevis Pain, an old groy-headed sinner, was tried for blasphemy. His 
abominably wicked expression (to vile and horrid to repeat) was 
fullv proved upon him, and the Jury soon found liim guilty, and he 
was* sentenced to be bored through the tongue, and to pay twenty 
pounds sterling ; the first part of the sentence benig immediately put 
in execution, a"nd he committed to the Sheriff's custody 'til he i)aid 
the fine, "j 

At the April Anne Arundel Court, ''On<' William Pliillips, alias 
Gormond, was indicted for l)urglary and felony. Cleared of the 
burglary, but found guilty of the felony, he was branded with the letter 
R in the hand, and then committed for the want of security for his 
good behaviour.'- 

On the second of June, one of the Kent Island ferryboats, that plied 
between Annapolis and the former place, was overset near the shore V)y 
a gale. Wm. Vickers, of Talbot county, Benjamin T. Fisli, and John 
Donnahoe were drowned. One person* saved liimself by swimming 
ashore and another by holding on to the boat until he was taken off. 

The captures, by tlie French privateers at this time, made an 
armed merchantnian a valuable carrier. Thus, in July, tlie Ship 
Winchelsea, Tliomas Cornish, commanding, lying in Severn River, as 
a carrier, advertised as an inducement to shippers that she carried 18 
guns and 40 men. 

On the 18th of August, Capt. Loyallfrom Madeira, arrived at An- 
napolis in a sloop that had been taken from the French by an English 
Man of War. Because the sloop could not be condcnnied at Maderia, 
a court of vice admiralty met on the 23nd, at Annapolis, and con- 
demned her and her cargo as a legal prize. 

In August of this year, the Annapolis prison was guarded every 
night by a strong watch, as numerous prisoners were in it wlio were to 
be'tried at the next assize for capital offences. For all that, on Satur- 
day morning, the third, in broad daylight, about 8 o'clock, Mark 
Parr, one of the prisoners charged with robbery, and ''remarkable for 
his many infamous rogueries, having found meaiis to get oft" his irons, 
scaled the prison walls, and wilked off. lie was seen walking 
through the town by several persons who did not know him. It was 
stated shortly afterward, how correctly we are unable to siiy, that his 
dead i>ody was found in back woods."** 

On Thursday, the loth of Sei)tember, court ended for Anne Arundel 
county. On that day "Joseph Humes ; of the city of Annapolis," 
Jeweler, for a burglary and felony, in breaking open and entering the 
store of Mr. Lyde Goodwin, merchant in this city, and stealing from 
thence several things of vali.e ;Mathew Lai)ear and Charles liiggin- 
son, for breaking open and rol)bing the store of Dr. James Walker, 
near Patajjsco Feny, were sentenced to death. On Wednesday the 
21st of Sej)tember, lligginson was rei)rieved, but the other two on 
that day were executed at the gallows near Annai)olis. It would 
seem from the expressi(m "at the gallows" that this horrid instrument 
was in such constar^it use it was kept continually erected. Humes 

t Grzette. 

•* Md. Gazette. 



PI I S T O E Y C) F A N X A P L I S . 11.") 

and Lajx-ar "'wei'e attended to the place of execution by a nnuierons 
crowd of spectators, implicitly confessed tlie facts for which they 
snfl'ered, behaved with greatdecency. and declared they died in chariiy 
with all ihe world."! 

On Thursday, the 22nd of Septemljer, the Ship AVinchelsea, Capt. 
Thomas Cornish, sailed out of Severn River with 950 hoc^sheads of to- 
bacco, consi.crned to John Hanbury. merchant, of London. 

On Thursday, the 29th of September, John Ross, Esq., was chosen 
Mayoi- of Annapolis. 

Two fatal accidents on a vessel iu South River is recorded on the 
Ctii of Octolicr — a boy belonging to it fell down the hold and was in- 
stantly killed ; and in the evening one of the crew of the same ship, 
fell overboard and was drowned. 

Felons were imported in the province as late as this period — for 
the Gazette notes that this day (the SGthof October,) the Snow Mary. 
Capt. Brown, arrived in nine weeks from London, with 52 felons. 
Th? same paper contains an advertisement for their sale for a term of 
seven years. They consisted of men, women, and boys. 

On Tuesflay, November 1st, Capt. John Carpenter, died at Annapo- 
lis. He "had long been a worthy inhaVntant of this city, and was 
many years commander of a ship from London, in the tobacco trade ; 
and wlio, by a diligent apnlication and honest industry, had acquired 
a considerable fortune, with a fair character.*' 

[1749.] On March 2nd, Robert Gordon, Esq.. and Mr. Walter 
Dulany. former representatives, were unanimously rechosen delegates 
to the Legislature for Annapolis. 

On Wednesday, March 28, "th^ Rev. Andrew Lendrum was in- 
ducted into this parish — Aimapolis^in the room of the Reverend and 
Ingenious Mr. John Gordon, who is removed to the great grief of his 
parishioners, to St. Michael's parish, in Talbot county. "i 

On the night of the 27th of March, the night after the county elec- 
tion, at a tavern in Annapolis, "some persons being more merry than 
wise, and not considering that Golden Rule of Doing to others as 
they would they should do unto tliem, made themselves sport witli 
Mr. Vincent Stewart, one of the company, (who had been a little too 
free with liquor,) by throwing and tumbling him about whereby he 
got very much hurt and bruised ; and last week he died. The coroner 
has had an inquest on his body, which is adjourned some days. It is 
a very melancholy affair, as he has left a sorrowful^wife and six help- 
less children." 

On Saturday, July 29, Wm. Rogers, Esq., a gentleman who had 
held many posts of honor and trust, died at Annapolis, in the 50th 
year of his age. He w^as, at the time of his death, one of the Alder- 
men of Annapolis. 

At the assize for Anne Arundel county, which ended September 13th, 
Charles Elliott received sentence of death for stealing a mare. 

On the 29th of September, John Bullen, Esc^., was elected Mayor of 
Annapolis. On the election day a race was run on the race-course 
near Annapolis, "for the late Mayor's Plate, £20, which was won by 
Mr. Butler's horse, Calico. ■••■'•■ At night there was a ball, where there 

t Md. Gazettp. 
X Md. Gazette. 
** Md. Gaz-lte. 



116 " T H E A N C I E N T C I T Y . " 

was a great number of gentlemen, and a splendid api)earance of 
ladies." 

Joseph Wilson and Isaac Wright, in October, were sent to Jail for 
counterfeiting bills of credit of the province. The counteneiting was 
poorly executed. They were sent to Cecil county for trial, where 
Wilson was soon after tried and received sentence of death, Wright 
having turned State's evidence against him. Wilson, however, sub- 
sequently broke jail and escaped. 

On Wednesday, the 8th of November, the Ship Chester, Capt. Sedgley, 
from Bristol, arrived at Annapolis with about 20 passengers and a 
number of indented servants and some convicts. 

On Wednesday, Noveml)er 29th. the Ship Tliames Frigate, Capt. 
James Dobbins, arrived at Ainiapolis, with 120 convicts on board. 

[1750.] It will be observed by the following advertisement in the 
''JIai't/land Gazette,'' of the 7th of FeV»ruary, that the "servants" or" 
ume-service men were sometimes men of ordinary education : — ''To be 
Sold. The time of a servant man, who has about six years to serve, 
understands arithmetic, writes a good hand, and would do well for a 
teacher of children in the country. Enquire of the Printer hereof." 

Joseph Wilson, the counterfeiter, who escaped jail in 174!) from 
Cecil county, got into d fracas in New Jersey, was wounded, and 
afterward recognized and re-arrested. He was then confined in Bucks 
county, Pennsylvania, jail, and succeeded in escaping from it. 

Thursday, May 8th, the Legislature met at Annapolis. On Wed^ 
nesday 9th, the Legislature discharged from their body, ]Mr. Walter 
Dulany, a representative from Annapolis, "on account of his accep- 
tance of the office of Deputy Commissary, for Anne Arundel county,- 
since his election." On Wednesday the 10th, Mr. Dulany was unani- 
mously re-elected the representative of Annapolis in the same General 
Assembly. 

About the middle of this year. James ^Mitchell, a resident of Annapo,- 
lis, met with a singular and fatal accident, in Rajipahannock River, 
Virginia. lie went out on a flat and becamed entangled "in a great 
number of sea-nettles and was drowned." 

On Friday, August 81, a negro named Cuffec, was executed at An- 
napolis for horse-stealing. 

[1751.] On Thursday, February 28, Mary Steadman was found dead 
in her bed with numerous bruises upon her body. A coroner's jury 
brought in a verdict of wilful murder, and her husband was arrested. 
On Friday the 12th of April, the husband, John Steadman, a Scotch- 
man, was convicted of this murder. Besides many other bruises there 
were visible on her throat the marks of a man's thumb and finger. 
The evidence was entirely circumstantial. He was executed Wed- 
nesday April 17, denying to the last his guilt. He was afterward 
hung in chains on a gibbet near Annapolis. At the same time Daniel 
Sullivan, an Irishman, who was convicted of the murder of Donald 
McKennie in Baltimore county, was hung. His body was sent to that 
county to be placed in a gibbet near the spot where he committed the 
murder. 

On Friday, April 12, two negro women were executed at Annapolis 
for burning down a tobacco house. 

The convicts, transported to Maryland, committed numerous and 
alarming crimes — murder amongst them. Thomas Poney, in June, 
was sentenced to be burnt in the hand at Annapolis for burglary, and 



History OF Annapolis. 11'*' 

one Sipheoriis Lucas, for burglary, was sentenced to be hung. He was 
executed at Annapolis June 26tli. Both these were transported con- 
victs, .j_j_ 1 • A 

On Tuesday night, July 2nd, a bold robbery was committed m An- 
napolis. Two armed men placed a ladder up to a dormer window of 
the house of Mr. Charles Cole, merchant, and one entered the room of 
M^. Cole, with a dark lantern and pistol. Presenting the weapon to 
the head of Mr. Cole, he threatened, if he made a stir or noise, to blow 
his brains out. The robber proceeded to tie him, bruising him during 
the operation, and tellinghimhismoney he wanted, and that he would 
have. Mr. Cole's servant-man John, who was in a house adjoining, 
hearing a noise-, looked out and seeing the robber's accomplice below, 
was told by aim if he made a noise he would shoot him. The faithful 
fellow, not deterred from duty by this threat, proceeded to get his 
o-un, and fired out of the window at the robber, but, missing him, was 
fired upon in return, barelv escaping being shot. The robbers, being 
thus alarmed, made off. A reward of £80 current money was offered 
to the accomplice if he would inform who broke into Mr. Cole's room, 
and the certainty of a pardon. ^ , ^ 

Subseriuentlv, about the middle of August, John Conner, a convict 
servant, confessed he was the accomplice who was engaged m the 
robbery of Mr. Cole, and that Thomas Be van was the one who entered 
the room. Both were captured and lodged in jail. On being put on 
his trial Thursday, September 12th, Bevan pleaded not gmlty, and 
when his accomplice was put on the stand against him, he objected to 
him giving evidence as contrary to the laws of England. On being 
told tliat there was a law of the province which allowed it, he ''cour- 
teously." begged pardon for giving so much trouble, and entered a 
plea ot guilty. He was sentenced to death, and was executed at An- 
napolis on Friday, November 2nd, manifesting much contrition for his 
evil life, and, in an address on the scaffold, warning others by his bad 
'life and sad fate. He was transported from England for crime. 

George Wilson was in September found guilty of the murder of 
.€apt. Smith, near St. Mary's, and received sentence of death. He 
was afterward reprieved. 

Richard Whaien, a resident of Annapolis, about this time was 
drowned in Bohemia River. . 

It was now that the authorities become thoroughly alarmed m 
reo-ard to the conduct of convict servants, and the magistrates of 
Anne Arundel, during August, ordered that, for every con\act servant 
hereafter irariorted in that county, there should be £50 security given. 
It was understood that other counties would do the same. The Gazette 
puns on the fact that these people were sent to America for the better 
peopling of the colonies. , ^^^ . ., 

[1752.] Green street was laid off in 1752 from Church [Mam] 
street to Duke of Gloucester, by Dr. Chares Carroll. He offered 
lots on both sides of it for sale. ' 

On Sunday morning. May 5th, Governor Samuel Ogle died at An- 
napolis, in the 58th year of his age. His remains were interred in St. 
Anne's Church. Benjamin Tasker, Esq., as the first person named of 
his Lordship's Council, assumed the Governorship of the province 
after the death of Governor Ogle. Governor Ogle had served three 
iterms as Governor. 

On Friday, INIay 15th, James Powells was hung at AnnapoUs, tor 



118 ''The Ancient City. " - 

burglary and robbery committed in Somerset county. He fainted at 
tlie gallows, it was sujiposed, by the stagnation of blood caused by 
liis hands being tied so tightly. "On his coming to himself, he de- 
sired the executioner to make haste and, amidst some private ejacula- 
itions,w as turned off." 

Benjamin Taskcr, Jr., and Christopher Lowndes offered for sale hi 
Annapolis, by puljlic advertisement a parcel "of healthy slaves, con- 
sisthig of men, women, and children," directly from the coast of 
Africa, in the Elijah, Captain James Lowe. 

[IT.");),] Wednesday, May :'.Gth, Charles Campbell, Daniel Spinkfe, and 
John Brown, were executed at Annapolis for burglary. These frequent 
executions at Annapolis were not all due to the dissolute morals of 
the people of Anne Arundel, but the practice was to execute all the 
criminals of the province at the Capital. 

Several times in July a large wild bear was seen in the woods on the 
Xorth side of Severn, visiting plantations, and stealing hogs, and 
other domestic aniuials. 

September 7th, llol)ert Gordon, Esq., died, aged 77, wiio for many years 
was' ' a reputal^le inhabitant of this city . having held the offices of Alder- 
man, liepresentative to the Lower House of Assembly, Judge of the 
Provincial Court, and Commissioner of Land Office, which trusts he 
executed with diligence and industry." 

December Oth. Hon. Daniel Dulany, died. He had been Commis- 
sary General, one of the Council of State, and Recorder of Annapolis. 
"He was very eminent in the profession of law, and in all his several 
stations, acquitted himself with strict equity and unwearied diligence." 
This was Dulany, the elder. It was the other Daniel Dulany that was 
so prominent lor his ability. 

[17.")4.] November 28th, Messrs. Walter Dulany and Stephen Bordley — " 
were chosen to represent the ciiy of Annapolis in the ensuing General 
Assembly. 

[rToo.J March 13th, at the Anne Arundel County Court, Edward 
Vinn was convicted of stealing a grindstone for wiiich he was stood in the 
Pillory and received thirty lashes at the whiijjjing post, well laid on, 
"which convinced him of having had a hard bargain." 

Poiielope House Avas twice whipped and twice stood in the Pillory 
for sliop-lifting. 

Feluuary 28th, died here Mrs. Elizabeth Marriott, widow, who kept; 
the Ship Tavf rn in South East street. She had property valued at 
upwards of £;},000. 

Februaiy 28th, was landed here "from on board the Good, Captain 
Chew, for the use of the city, a very fine engine, made l)y Newthcm 
and Reagg, Ko. 1800, London, which the inhabitants last year gener- 
ously sub't-crib'ed for. It threw water l.-)G feet perj^endicular." Was 
not this the city's present heirloom, "The Victory?" 

October 30th. eJonas Green was elected Con.mon Councilman in 
I'lace of John Brice, Esq. 

November oth, the French and Indians were dra .ving so near the 
jtrovince that it was deemed expedient to fortify Annapolis. The cele- 
brated Fort Frederick, still standuig, was then built in Washington 
county. 

November 18th, al)out 4 o'clock in the morning, a shock of an 
c;irthquake was sensibly felt })y many. 

[1755.] On the first of Decemlier, 1755, five vessels arrived at An- 



History OF Annapolis. 119' 

napolis loaded ^vitll those unfortunate exiles— that Longfellow has 
immortiilized in verse. The people of the town were at first exercised- 
at the thought of having a number of "French Papists'' among them — 
the mixture beino:a double portion of foreign and religious evil. The 
poor Acadians proved objects of charity rather than of fear, and food 
and raiment were promptly supplied them. Three of the vessels were 
despatched to other points in Maryland to distribute the exiles among 
the people. One ship remained at Annapolis, and, no doubt, the descen- 
dants of these unfortunate people are with us to this day. It is to be 
regretted that the names of the exiles are not kno^vn to us that their 
progeny might trace their descent from them — genealogical study- 
being a pleasure for which even our sturdiest Republicans have the 
keenest zest. 

[175G.] February 5th, Mr. Launcelot Jacques, merchant, was 
chosen Common Councilmen, in place of Dr. Charles Carroll, deceased. 

February 17th, the birthday of Lord BaUimore was celebrated by 
the Governor who gave an elegant entertainment. In the evening a 
public ball was given at the Council House. 

March 22nd, Col. George Washington passed through Annapolis,, 
en route for Virginia. 

June 24th, there was a violent gust of lightning, thunder, hail,, 
and wind. The lightning struck the Court House, and set it on. fire, 
but, by the assistance of the inhabitants and the fire-engine, it was 
speedily put out. 

July 8th, a Tannery was set up at Annapolis by Thomas Hyde. 

Wednesday, the 10th of November, was celebrated at Annapolis as 
the birth-day of the King who, on that day, entered his 27th year. 

[1757.] June 23rd, a number of young gentlemen of the place, 
armed, went as volunteers from here, to join what other force might 
be raised for immediate defence of the colony against the Indians. 

This is the style in which the fair were puffed one hundred years 
ago: 

"On Saturday last (January 1st, 1757,) Wm. Murdock, Esq., of 
Prince George's county, was married to Mrs. Hamilton, of this city, a 
most agreeable widow lady, of excellent accomplishments, and a happy 
temper. ' ' 

During the jireceding fall and present winter Annapolis was infected 
with the small -pox. Inoculation was practiced upon one hundred 
persons ; all of whom recovered ; whilst of those w^ho had it in the 
natural way, one out of every six died. The family of Jonas Green 
was afflicted to such an. extent that many of his customers were afraid 
to take the "■Gazette,'" lest they would catch the disease. Mr. Green, 
whilst he expressed a doubt as to paper carrying the disease, subse- 
quently stated that people "need not fear to catch the small-pox from 
the paper, as it was kept all the time a good distance from the house, 
and beside the disease was now eradicated from his premises." 

On March 10th, the Gazette announced that, "As almost all the in- 
habitants of this city, who were liable to that distemper — (Small-pox,) 
have either had it, or are now down with it, we hope in a very little 
time the town will be quite clear of it, and business be carried on as 
usual." The small-pox was so bad on the 27th of March that the 
Legislature would not meet on that day in xVnnapolis, but was pro- 
rogued by the Governor to meet in Baltimore on the fifth of April. 

February 14th, Col. George Washington stopped in Annapolis. 



120 "The Ancient City.'' 

[1758.] March 22, *'at night, at two minutes before ten, when the 
air was very cahn and serene, we had here a very considerable shock 
of an earthquake, but through God's mercy, it has done no damage 
that we have yet heard from. For about f of a minnte, before the 
sliock, there was a rumbling sound, not unlike that of carriage wheels 
on pavements or frozen ground, at a distance, which increased until 
the shaking, and that lasted about half a minute."* 
'^ September 7th, Walter Dulany and George Stewart, Esqrs., where 
chosen to represent this city in the Legislature. 

The price of lodging at this time was about $1.00 per day, during 
the session of Assembly. 

November 7th, during an inquiry into a contested election affecting 
a representative from this city, the question as to whether aldermen 
had a right to vote in the election of delegates was decided in the 
negative. 

December 21, the election of George Stewart, Esq., one of the re- 
turned members of the Legislature from this city, was set aside, and a 
writ issued for a new election. 

[1759.] August 20th, Mr. Thomas Jennings, Chief Clerk of the 
Land Office died here. He was succeeded by Mr. Wm. Stewart. 

During this year, n.any dead bodies of men, were, at intervals, found 
floating in the dock. They were supposed to have been thrown over- 
board by captains of vessels, to escape the trouble of interment. 

[17G0.] On April 17th, a negro man, named Bristol, died at An- 
napolis, aged 125. 

A handsome collection was made May 29th, in the Episcopal Church, 
for the sufferers by the late great fire in Boston. 

The Windmill, built on Windmill-point, in this town, began to 
grind September 1st, and was reckoned to )je tlie strongest and best 
built mill in the country. It ground, with a middling wind, 12 bushels 
in an hour. It was built of stone and stood on the site of the Naval 
Academy. 

In November, a Stocking Manufactory was in operation in this city. 

[17G9.] On May 11th, a servant of Richard Mackubin made a con- 
fession tlmt he was one of a gang of miscreants who for some time 
past had been plundering smoke-houses, ware-houses, cellars, etc., 
which they entered by false keys. Eleven of his companions were ap- 
prehended and committed to jaii. 

October 24th, a man, supposed to be intoxicated, went into a house 
and demanded grog, which being refused, he drew a sword, and stab- 
IjL'd a Mrs. Cumberford, who bled to death before assistance could be 
rendered. 

In the Act, entitled "an Act for emitting bills of credit and other 
purposes therein mentioned," passed during the Session of 1709, and 
a sum of money not exceeding £7,000 Stirling, was api>ropriated to 
the building an edifice in this city where the i)resent (the second) 
State House now stands, sufficient to accommodate the Ui)per and 
TiOwer Houses of Assembly, the High Court of Ajipeals, Chancery and 
Provincial Courts of this Province. 

[1770.] January 11th, Mr. James Brookes, of Annanohs, was ap- 
pointed (Uerk to the Commissioners for emitting bills of credit: 

[1771.] January 12th, the following gentlemen were chosen to 

♦ Md. Gazette. 



History OF Annapolis. 121 

represent the City of Annapolis in the General Assembly : Messrs. 
John Hall and William Paca. 

In an ' 'especial Conrt" held here, Jannary 1 7th, one person was burnt 
in the hand, two ordered to be whipped and stood in the Pillory. 

Morris McCoy and negro Daniel, the former for the murder of his 
master — were executed .January 22nd, on the gallows near this city, 
pursuant to their senteuces : McCoy's body was from thence removed 
to a place near which his master was murdered, and there hung in 
chains, on a gibbet erected for that purpose, in sight of the road lead- 
ing to the lower ferry on Patapsco River. 

As an instance of the curious matter deemed of such importance as 
to warrant publication, there is published on February 28th, a notice 
of the inoculation of the Governor's two children and their safe re- 
covery. 

Mr. Ralph Dobinton, of Annapolis, was drowned July 4th, while 
attempting to save another person, which person safely reached the 
shore. 

The new theatre on West street, was opened September 9th. This 
was on the lot now occupied by the Express Office. 

[1772.] A slight shock of earthquake was felt in Annapolis on April 
25th. 

Captain Dunlop, on board of a schooner bound for the Eastern 
Shore, was seized with a frenzy on November 11th, and leaped over- 
board, near Greensbury Point, and was drowned. 

[1773.] On Tuesday, April 1st, as a young negro was digging away 
a bank in a gentleman's garden, he undermined the earth to such an 
extent that it fell upon him, and killed him instantly. 

The same day, a dispute arising between a man and woman, both 
under the influence of liquor, the woman gave the man several blows 
on the head wich a broomstick, from the effects of which he died in a 
few hours. 

November 14th, Mr. Robert Pinkney was killed by a fall from his 
horse. 

It was at thi« period the national feeling of the Annapolitans was all 
aglow. The famous dispute between the brilliant Dulany and the 
learned Carroll had taken place in the 3Iarylaii(J Gazette. Loving the 
mother country with all the loyalty of a patriotic people, the citizens 
of Annapolis were yet more loyal to their rights, liberties, and vSacred 
privileges. The author of the letters of "The First Citizen," who 
sustained the extreme American side of the stamp act controversy, 
was entirely unknown but so grateful were the people to the author, 
that they instructed the members of the Legislative Assembly of Mary- 
land, to return their hearty thanks to the unknown wri-^er, through the 
public prints. This was done by William Paca and Matthew Ham- 
mond. When it transpired that Charles Carroll, of Carrolton. was the 
author of these letters, numbers of citizens went to him and expressed 
their thanks personally. The knowledge of this authorship elevated 
him at once in public iavor. 



122 • • T H E A X C I E N T C I T Y . " 

CHAPTER XXXL* 
Customs and Characters of the Capital. 

"William Fan-is, Maker. Annapolis." "Such is the inscription ou 
the face of an old clock standing in an old hall in old Annapolis. 
An'l pray who was William Farris, the maker of this stately time- 
piece that, in measured cadence, still records thecreeping hours mark- 
ing the day of the month and showing the phases of the moon by the 
appearance and disappearance of that ever rubicund and amiable 
countenance which in obedience to the mysterious mechanism, peers 
over and dodges behind the dial plate with lunar punctuality ? 

"lie must needs have been an oddity. The only record of his life, 
his will in rhyme, turns up from the dusty pigeon hole of a dead law- 
yer's ollice desk, legally endorsed, W. Farris, watchmaker at An- 
napolis, Maryland, his will — composed by Miss Charlotte lleselius, 
tirst wiL'e of Thos. Je- nings Johnson, Esq., and daughter of lleselius, 
the portrait limner.' " Here is 

The Will of William Farris. 

"Old Farris one day, as he sat in his shop 

Revolving the chances of dying or not, 

The hyppo so seized him he tho't it was best 

To divide his estate ere his soul went to rest. 

So to work went the goldsmith : — Dreadful the task ! 

But first, for advice, he ajjplied to his flask. 

The gin, ever generous, fresh spirits afforded 

And the will as I heard it was nearly thus worded, 

I, William Farris. being well as to health. 

Knowing Death often comes to old ])eople by stealth 

And without giving caution, or caring for fears, 

Will take whom he pleases, regardless of tears ; 

So I now think it best to be thus on my guard, 

By making my will, tho' I own it is hard 

To forsake all the gains I have made all my life, 

.Vnd, God knows, I have made tliem with trouble and strife, 

Many nights have I watched, dread want to defy ; 

Xow I make my last will and prepare me to die, 

Then. I give and bequeath to my dear loving wife ; 

In case she's a widow the rest of her life ; 

The plates, spoons and dishes, pots, kettles and tables, 

With the red and white cow that inhabits the stables, 

The landscape, and "Judith" that hangs on the wall, 

And the nmsical clock hind the door in the hall. 

My buckles and cane to son William I give. 

And no more, l)ecause he's got substance to live, 

His road I took care in his youth to instruct him, 

Tho' I sjiy it myself, a princess might trust him. 

The dog grew ungrateful, set up for himself, 

* A larue portion cf tins chnjiter is Hip re.«ult of tliP reseaich, labor, and 
nbiliiy of Finn k 15. Mitver, E-q , wlio, with tiDiisual leisonal kindiio.-s .nid 
marked zeil in tliP work of saving lo histoiv llie pliioniclps of Annapoli«, 
pbu'ed hi> maiiu^oript at tlm di*i'os»l of tlip niith..r, who ha< lib.-raliy availed 
himself of th^^ geiurou«^ offer. 



History OF Annapolis. 123- 

And at Xorfolk, they say, he has plenty of pelf. 

Since he's gone away 't will be best for his brother. 

I give flyam liis portion to comfort his mother, 

All the tools in my shop to said PI yam I give 

And, if he minds work, he'll make out to live. 

My coat, which I turned, is a very good Ijro wn 

And may serve many years to parade in the town. 

'Twill be good as ever if he take my advice, 

And the buttons of silver will make it look nice, 

The place hi the back which is greased by my club 

Would come out if he'd take good care to rub 

It with soap and with brush or good spirits of wine 

Which will freshen the clotli and make it look fine. 

The coat he must wear with my corduroy breeches 

When Abbey has given them a few odd little stitches. 

And Ab' will he kind, I know, to her brother 

Because he's the favorite of me and his mother. 

A pair of silk hose I had when a boy 

Intend shall be his ; 'twill give him much joy. 

To own these said hose he has begged for so o^ten 

But they n'er shall be his till I'm safe in my coffin. 

I had always a mind to give them to Saint 

'Till he, like a fool, turned Methodist quaint. 

I swore at the time he never should have them ; 

And I know Saint would irear, the other wonld save* em. 

For the reasons here mentioned I leave them to Ily 

To wear if he pleases when walking is dry. 

To my son, Charles Farris,* I have and bequeath 

My watch and bird organ, and also I leave 

To said son, as he pleases, a black ring or pin ; 

There are two ready made which I'm sure would suit him,. 

They're the first that I made, rather clumsily done, 

But good, in all consceince. enough for my son. 

The teeth he may have, rather clumsily strung ; 

Every tooth that I've drawn since the time I was young ; 

Six pair of thread stockings ; two cotton, two yarn ; 

That my wife, poor dear M'oman, sat up all night to darn, 

These will last him, with care, a very great while 

And so money he'll save to make the pot boil. 

To Saint Farris, my son, who is now on the seas 

I will that he- has any roots that he please ; 

All my garden utensils ; "Swift's Polite Conversations ;" 

And I wish he'd leave sea to live with his relations. 

I know all their minds, and they all love poor Saint, 

And his brother has promised to teach him to paint. 

The "History of China" and ''Swift" sometimes lend 

When your business or pleasure requires a friend ; 

Such acts, my dear children, I very well know 

Are of much greater service than making a foe. 

Thank God ! I've but two that I hate from my heart. 

And, as ill luck would have it, they're not far apart. 

* In Auo list 1765, Charles Farrit.; is mentioned a< n-e of many citizens to re- 
sist succe?sfuiiy the landing of the odious stiimp paper. 



J24 '"The Ancient City.'' 

I've the greatest dislike ; God forgive me the sin ;* 

But indeed there's no bearing that old Louis Dinn, 

There's another I hate bad as Quinn for the fraud 

That his heart is so full of that is Jonathan Todd.* 

This sin, as I die, I hope will be forgiven ; 

Or, else, I am sure, I shall ne'er get to heaven. 

My sons, if you heed me, beware of such friends ; 

They'll destroy all you're worth, if they have but the means. 

To Nancy, the darling of me and my wife. 

I give and bequeath the spinnet for life. 

Once I thought she would play with the help of a master, 

But, it grieves me to say, she learned not a bit faster, 

Harry Wpodcock I trusted to teach her to play, 

But 1 soon found 't was money and time thrown away ; 

So she did what was right, made me save all my pelf. 

And picked out a tune liere and there by herself. 

All the town knows that Harry's a very great liar 

And music from him she should never acquire. 

What a time there has been for his making of money ; 

Like a puppy he's missed it, like a puppy he's funny, 

Poor devil, sometimes, in the midst of a gloom, 

For a dinner he's forced to play the buffoon ; 

But I still like old Woodcock I vow and declare ; 

As a proof I shall leave him a lock of my hair. 

To Abagail next ; ray trunk, desk, and papers. 

That's therein contained, and a large box of wafers. 

The "Spectator" for her, as she reads very well. 

And she'll soon learn to write, for now she can spell, 

For Abb is the girl that would take the most learning 

And, I flatter myself, she's a girl of discerning. 

A negress, named Sylva, I leave to my Nancy, 

For Sylva she'd always a very great fancy. 

That woman's first child, about fifteen years old, 

I give to my Abb lest for debt she be sold. 

Poor thing 't was a fool from its birth, I well know. 

But her mistress will teach her to si)in, knit, and sew. 

I leave to Sol Mogg for tolling the bell. 

My old hat and i)i|)e which he knows very well. 

To my nephews and nieces my blessing I give 

And entreat tliey will mind and learn how to live. 

]\[y tlianks to the public 1 cannot express ; 

Their goodness to me has been quite to excess, 

My feelings are many but words are too few 

To tell how it pains me to l)id them, 'Adieu.' " 
Here we have the man and his time. "He, in his l>rown coat and 
silver buttons, the back marked by the quadrant of powder, tlie club 
of his queue described as it moved back and forth with hijs head, like 
one of his own pendulums, so fuUfiUmg the resembluuce men grow 
to their pursuits. We have a jiicture of his house, his family and 
liis friends, the 'Landscape,' and the picture of 'Judith' in the hall 
•with the musical clock behind the door, the spinnet in the parlor 
* These are (ictitions names l)Ut the f< pnoirifMis of r-'al iioighbois were in 
the orianial will. The aiithnr ol thi> lii-tt>i\' doe:* not dosire to hand down A 
private sliinder. 



History of Annapolis. 125 

and the red and white cow in the stable. Then there was the garden 
and the shops with its many tools and few books, and its half centnry 
accnm Illations ; prominently hanging among them all the trophies of 
his dental skill, strung together ; for trades mingled in those colonial 
days when 'specialities' were unkno^vn. His three sons had distinct 
individuality, and his daughters Nancy and Abigial were notable 
girls. He had a thrifty wife and his friend Harry Woodcock was a 
ne'er-do-well genius. He remembers Sol Mogg, the sexton, and does 
not forget to put on record his irrepressible dislikes. In that bro^vii 
coat with its silver buttons, his corduroy breeches, and silk stockings, 
'if the walking be dry,' silver shoe buckles, cocked hat, cane and 
queue he paraded the town on Sundays, and on the King's birthday 
for a loyal subject of King George, was he, the reproduction in the 
Colony of a London craftsman, and a reader of ''The 31aryland Ga- 
zette" for the latest news, only three months old, from Europe, and in 
that venerable journal this advertisement for a runaway servant or 
apprentice : 

"Run away from the subscriber living at Annapolis, on the 27th of 
this instant August, 1745, a servant man man named John Powell, 
alias Charles Lucas, a Londoner born, by trade a clock and watch 
maker ; he is a short, well set fellow, has full goggle eyes, and wears 
a wig : He had on when he went away an Osnabrigs shirt, a pair of 
buckskin breeches, a pair of short wide trousers, two pair of white 
hose and a well-worn broad-cloth coat with metal buttons. 

"Whoever secures the said runaway so that he can be had again, 
shall have 3£ reward, besides what the law allows ; and if brought 
home, reasonable charges :— " but in the next number we find that 

"Whereas John Powell was advertised last week in this paper as a 
runaway ; but being only gone into the country a cyder-drinking, and 
being returned again to his Master's Service ; these are therefore to 
acquaint all gentlemen a^d others, who have any watches, or clocks, 
to repair, that they may have them done in the best manner at rea- 
sonable rates." 

Between one hundred and fifty years ago and and today there is no 
greater change than in the matter of a gentleman's dress. "In the 
male sex a fear of color and a slouchy negligence of attire charac- 
terize the nineteenth century ; in the eighteenth the porte and bear- 
ing of a man indicated his social rank and a 'gentleman' was sup- 
posed to be accomplished in all knightly exercises. The dress more- 
over exacted attention to mein and bearing, as any lack of muscular 
development was at once apparent and exposed the imf ortunate weak- 
ling to ridicule from the fair. We of today are disposed to measure 
dress and manner by the narrow standard of utility and to forget that 
ofttimes "manners make the man" and that an attire expresses as 
much as words. Perhaps the old-school exaggerated the needs of 
courtesy and deportment, but, when we consider what a time and 
trouble* a. full dress toilet must have cost my gentleman, may we not 
pardon that frailty of human nature which sought to display his art 
to the best advantage? To the complete gentleman dancing and 
fencing were as indispensable parts of education then 'as the use of 
the globes,' and a man's legs and spine were objects of critical scru- 
tiny." 

Mr. Charles Peale, probably the father of our Xestor of American 



12G ' < T II E A X C 1 E N T C 1 T Y . " ' 

artists, Cliarlcs Wilson Peale, advertises in the JluryJaiiil Gazeite 
1745, that, 

"At ]vent County School, Chestertown, Maryland, younp: gentleman 
are l)oarded and'tanglit the Greek and Latin tongues, Writing, 
Arithmetic, Mercluints accounts. Surveying, Navigation, and the use 
of the Glol)es by the largest and most accurate j/air in xVmerica : also 
any other parts' of the Mathematics. — N. B. Young gentlemen can be 
instructed in Fencing and Dancing l)y very good Masters." 

The ranks of Colonial society were most sharply defined in those 
days and tlie physiognomy and costumes at once indicated the social 
position. Of the dress and features of the coiivict and hewers of 
wood and drawers of water, we have detailed descriptions in the re- 
wards ollered for runaway servants (both white and black,) and there- 
from co\dd reproduce a niotley group of tlie tramps of 174."). 

These wliite men and women were sold for a term of years to pay 
their'pai^^age money from England and seem to have licen an uncer- 
tain kind of property. Dominick ilogan, a runaway Irish servant, 
wears a V)rown groat coat, a blue jacket, sliirt, and trousers, and "has 
an Iron colhir about his neck." A highland Scotch servant wears a 
red pea-jacket, a double breasted white flannel vest, white ribbed 
stockings, a cap, a white wig, and a felt hat. Another, "a white 
Whitney coat and l)reeches, a green callimanco jacket without sleeves, 
-white thi-ead stockings, a fi'.e hat and a large In-own wig." 

"An English convict servant woman, named Elizabeth Crowder, by 
trade a quilter, she is upwards of fourty years of age pretty tall and 
round shouldered, her hair very gray and has lately been cut off, but 
it is supposed she has got a iuicer to wear instead of it. She had on 
when she went away a dark stripped cotton and silk gown, a blue 
quilted r-oat, blue worsted stockings, and black shoes newly soled. 
She had with her a large bundle with sundry things in it, particularly, 
a sprigged linen gown, shifts, caps, aprons, etc. 

" Aeon vict servant man. im])Oi-te(l in tlie St. Geoi'ge. named Hugh 
Roberts, is a thick. lik(dy. full faced, middle sized fellow but stoops a 
little ; had on a short black wig, a full trimmed, open-sleeved, blue 
cloth coat, almost new ; a full trimmed scarlet waistcoat with a double 
row of buttons, red plush breeches, and diced yarn stockings. He 
was born in Shropshire, has been used to farming and malting, and 
can write a little. Whoever takes him up and returns him to the ship 
shall have four pounds reward and reasonable charges from Captain 
James Dobbins. 

"38 July 1747. A numlu'i- of rebels imported in the shij) Johnson, 
into Oxford, (Md.) are brouglit over here and are now upon sale." 
These were Scottish patriots who, having risked their lives in the cause 
of the "Young Pretender" of '4o. were transported as tlieir reward. 
22 March, 1758. "Just imported from London in the Brigantine Grove, 
Capt. Robert Wilson, and to be sold by the subscribers, on board the 
said brigantine in West river, for sterling or current money. A par- 
cel'of healthy indented servants ; among whom there are tradesmen 
and husliandmen. Samuel Galloway." 

Of the Ladies, except in their praise, the (razette has little to say, if 
we except a "protest against stays," wliich met with the writer's un- 
qualified disapproval, and a "history of female dress" in which says 
the author, "my business today is chiefly with the ladies, on whose 



HiSTOR Y O F Ax N APOLIS . 127 

dress I intend to treat with the same delicacy and tenderness as I 
should use in ray ap])roach to their pretty persons/' 

A En«:lish lady's dress of that day is thus described. ''A black silk 
petticoat; with a 'red and white calico border; cherry colored stays, 
trimmed with blue and silver ; a red and dove colored gown, flowered 
with large trees : a yellow satin apron, elaborately trimnied ; a muslin 
head-dress with lace ruffles ; a black silk scarf ; and a spotted silk hood 
or 'capuchin.' " 

"To judge by cotcmporary records and portraits the fashions of the 
colonies were no ways behind those of "home," as they persistently 
called old England. In those days fashions did not so rapidly vary as 
nowadays, and the materials were substantial, as notably the damasks 
and brocades, that dresses of necessity became heirlooms. We will 
not dwell upon the female costume of the time as we are all more or 
less familiar with the comparatively graceless dress of that day, tlie 
dress was stiff and graceless in those days. The stiff and unnaturally 
elongated stays, the immense expanse of skirt, sustained by the hoops, 
the high heeled shoes and the towering head gear, the short sleeve 
with immense cuff's, borrowed from the male dress, with the wealth of 
lace faUing over the arms. At that period, when, in the history of 
every style, it seems to attain its perfection, the male dress was emi- 
nently graceful, stately, and ample, and displayed the figure to great 
advantage ; the female' fashion for a while yieliled to some harmony 
with nature and the natural hair was worn of becoTuing length, the 
hoops somewhat cui tailed and aprons, even in full dress, became the 
vogue. This was about 1750. 

* 'Annapolis had then been the Capital of Maryland over fifty years, the 
government having been removed from St. Mary's, the place of the 
orignal settlement, in 1694, thus supplanting that ancient city in the 
honors and emoluments of official patronage and with the government 
transferring the commerce of the colony. Annapohs was now 
the rallying point of the cleverness and culture of such small popula- 
tion as then existed in separate colonies or provinces. Opulent men 
built costly, elegant houses as their city dwellings, if, as was commonly 
the case, they had large plantations or manors, where they dwelt at 
other seasons, superintending Maryland's grand staple of that time — 
Tobacco. Tobacco from America became smoke in the old world, but 
brought back very solid revenue, together with all the luxuries of life. 
Troops of slaves, docile as in the Orient, supplied service. Lumbering 
equipages, or very rickety stage-coaches, but generally superb horses, 
bore the colonists about the country. In town they visited in sedan-chairs 
borne by lacquers in livery. They sat on carved chairs, at quaint 
tables, amid piles of ancestral silverware, and drank punch out of 
vast, costly bowls from .Japan, or sipped Madeira, half a century old. 
At Annapolis they laid out the l>est race course in the Colonies and built 
certainly the first theatre. Here the best law-learning of America 
was gathered — the Jennings, Chalmers, Rogers, Stones, Pacas, John- 
sons, Uulanys. Dulany's opinions were sent for even from London. 
They built a superb ball room which a British traveller called 'ele- 
gant.' 

"The clergy were commonly men of culture sent from England, and 
portioned on the province by the proprietary. Generally they were 
men of excellent education and manners, seldom would one of 
a different character be tolerated by the high-toned men who 



128 " T H E A N C I E N T C I T Y . " 

composed the A'estries. These clergymen did not abandon their chxssic 
pursuits when they croi>sed the sea, and familiarly wrote Latin notes 
to their boon companions of Annapolis, whose culture, in those days, 
enabled them to answer in the same languatje. They were free hearty 
livers, importing and relishing their old Madeira ; and it was in An- 
napolis that soft crabs, terrajjins, and canvass-back ducks first ob- 
tained their renown as the greatest delicacies of the w^orld. 

**The style of the time was hi ^vinte^, to enjoy the capital, but, in 
milder seasons, to travel a social round among the great estates and 
manors — until the principal families of Calvert, St. Mary's, Charles, 
Prince George's, and Anne Arundel counties, and across the Bay, on 
the Eastern Shore, were visited. They were bold riders, expert in 
hounds and horse flesh ; and the daily fox-chase, in season, was as 
much a duty to our systematic ancestors as it was to go to the parish 
church with proper equipage and style on Sunday. 

"With races every fall and spring ; theatres in winter ; assemblies 
every fortnight ; dinners three or four times a week ; a card party 
whenever possible ; athletic fox-hunting ; private balls on every festi- 
val : wit. learning, and stately manners, softened by love of good fel- 
lowship, it is not surprising to hear this character recorded of An- 
napolis in 1775 : 'I am persuaded,' says a British traveller, 'there is 
not a town in England of the Siirae size of Annapolis which can boast 
of a greater number of fashionable and handsome women ; and, were I 
not satisfied to the contrary, I should suppose that the majority of the 
belles possessed every advantage of a long and familiar intercourse 
with the manners and habits of your great metropolis.' 

"Between the old colonial mansions of the Northern and Southern 
colonies a striking contradiction seems to exist-while those of Xew Eng- 
land were invariably wooden structures with little use of either brick 
or stone, in the colonies of Maryland and Virginia we find brick build- 
ings of remarkable solidity and considerable architectural pretensions, 
well developed and worthy examples of the style of Queen Anne and 
the Georges. These interiors recall to us the Dutch taste of William 
and Clary's day as seen at Hampton Court, and later we trace the in- 
fluence of Sir Christopher Wren and the French architects of Louis 
XV and XVL Li solidity and honesty of construction they shame' 
the insincerity of the builders of our day and mock the shallowness of 
our modern pretension in their deep capacious window seats and noble 
hearthstones — which measure the thickness of the walls. To climb to 
the attic and study the joinery of the roof would delight the heart of 
a true artisan. - A stairway is sometimes concealed in these thick 
walls and suggests secret chambers behind the panelled wainscoating. 
The stairways, ascending from halls that greet you with spacious wel- 
come, glide rather than climb to the floor above where a largo upper 
hall or ball-room is often found. The walls are always panelled in 
wood or stucco and the carvings which frames the high chimney pieces 
and relieves tiie shutters and doors are evidently old-country work of 
the school of Grindling Gibbons, and the decorators of Hampton 
Court. The cornices both exterior and interior are l)orrowed from 
Italian designs. A noble hospitahty is expressed in the great mansions 
of this time — and a similar arrangement was adopted by most builders 
to insure this end. The central or main building lodged the family 
and guests and two wings or out-buildings, connected hj corridors, 



History OF Annapolis. 120' 

served for kitchen, offices, and servants' quarter?:. The strange ab- 
sence of verandah and porches in our climate can only be explained 
by the Englishman's tenacity to English custom and refusal to 
acknowledge that the sun was other than the sun of England. With 
our independence we began to develope a style in accordance with our 
climate and copied from Italy the piazza, portico, and verandah. In 
the less imposing houses, the homes of the people, the "hipped-roof" 
was almost universal, in our day revived as the Mansard or French 
roof. There is a look of cosy comfort in these old homes of the 
burghers, arranged very compactly and worthy of imitation, even if 
the ceilings be low and the chimneys quaintly placed in the corner of 
the room or windows opened with charming disregard of conventional 
symmetry. And can we forget those burnished brass knockers, the 
housewife's pride, so eminently respectable in their size and rich 
curvature, in their varied device and expression ; nor the 6 by 4 panes 
in the broad sashes j thedoimer windows with their heavy cornices,, 
the noble stacks of chimneys ; memorial pyramids of generous life, — 
and the gardens that environed all ? 

"An old fashioned Queen Anne's garden would now be rather a prim 
affair with so much box-edging and the walks so straight and Dutch- 
like, but the old fashioned flowers would redeem it. There you would, 
find plenty of lilacs and snow-balls, then known as the golden-rose,, 
privet and hollv in the hedges and borders. Larkspurs, wallflowers,, 
hollyhocks, periwinkles, snapdragons, candytufts and daffodils would 
abound. A damp, shady corner would be given to a bed of the lily of 
the valley, and ten to one, but you would find a bed of chamomile 
growing hard by a bed of lavender or sweet basil. Of course there 
would be balsam, (only called 'lady's slipper') and rocket under the 
name of 'dame's violet,'' pansies known as ladies' delight or 'hearts' 
ease,' pasque flower and cowslip, and meadow-sweet, and groundsel, 
and feverfew, and milfoil, yarrow, thrift, spurge, loose-strife, honesty, 
Adam and Eve, drop-wort, dittany, daises, jonquils, monk's hood, 
innocence, wind flower and moss pink and the Joseph's lily and la- 
burnum blooming in the most liberal and splendid way. 

"Fancy the delightful irregularity of the quaint roofs and chimneys 
outlined against the warm blue sky ; the sparkling leaves and soft 
glow of the flower beds, and listen, while you rest in the shady arbor, 
to the cooing of the pigeons, the whirr and twitter of the swallows 
and martins, and the defiant crow of chanticleers, heedless of the 
moving shadow of the sun-dial on the chimney side. 

"In the streets you find no pavements, they are still country roads 
edged with green grass, and the rights of foot passengers maintained 
by rows of posts. Here and there a more enterprising citizen may 
have laid bricks and a curb- stone. Bookishness had not then blunted 
the intelligence of vision, and the mind was still addressed by direct 
appeals to" the perceptive sense in the shape of signs of every descrip- 
tion of imitative art. The dangling key, the pendant awl, the golden 
pestle and mortar, the hammer wielded by a swarthy arm ; the sym- 
bols of good cheer, as the 'heart in hand,' or maybe cheap boarding 
expressed by the 'spider and the fly.' A jubilant negro, a jolly tar, 
or a taciturn Indian, the master work of the ship carver, guarded the 
tobacconist's door and 'the thistle,' and 'the ship' 'near the city 
gate,' invited the sailor as did the sign of the • top-sail-sheet-block* 
9 



130 "The Ancient City. ' ' 

near the market. The 'three blue-balls,' a rival of 'the Duke of 
Cum))erlaud' and 'the Indian Kiw*]:,' was a tavern of Church street, 
and there must have been a 'golden horse,' a 'black bear,' and a 
'white swan,' to creak in concert of a stormy night. The 'Annapo- 
lis ro/?V/' -Ac* ?^>v'' was the resort of the gentry. From the 'Gazette 
we read that, 'what a grievous tiling the law is shown by a sign that 
once hung in rhe rolls of liberty in London : on one side a man all in 
rags wringing his hands with a label imi^orting that he had /o.v^ A/.s 
HuU, and on the otliera man that had not a rag left, but stark naked, 
capering and triumphing that he had (jained his cfiusf, a tine emblem 
of going to law and the infatuating madness of a litigious spirit.' 

"Many of these signs indicated the amphibious character of the popu- 
lation of Annapolis, and were evidently ins[)ired l)y nautical associa- 
tions complimentary to the sea-faring strangers who frequen.ted tiie 
port, for the 'ancient city,' had its custoni house ; a stately In-ick. 
yet standing, but no longer the receipt of his majesty's customs. The 
Maryland fleet imder convoy of British men-of-war and themselves, 
for the most part, well-armed gathered here as their port of destina- 
tion, and many is the tale related by our old journal of their combats 
with the French men-of-war and privateers, a prolific nursery of 
sailors' yarns, told in sea phrase, and recording I3ritish pluck and 
contemj)t of the Frenclnnan. 

"The two fair days of the annual fairs were the gala days of the peo- 
ple, as the high days and holiidaysof the gentry were the birth-days 
of Prince and Proprietary. May-day, Whitsuntide, Michaelmas 
and Christmas, Militia trainings, and muster-days also broke the 
monotony of dsvily duty. At the 'ifairs' horse-races were included 
as a principal attraction and in one advertised for 'Baltimore- 
town,' a bounty was olTerred of forty shillings to any person that pro- 
duces 'the best piece of yard-wide country-made wliite linnen, the 
piece to contain twenty yards. On Saturday, the third day, a hat and 
ribbon will be cudgelled for ; a pair of pumps wrestled for : and a 
white shift to be run for by two negro girls.' " 

A triplet of advertisements further illustrate the times : 

"John Wallis, chimney-sweeper, who served his timeto Jolui Kent, 
Esq., his most excellent majesty, King George the second, liis chim- 
ney-sweej)er in London ; and understands that curious and difficult 
business as well as any man, lives near the gate in Annapolis and will 
sweep ciiimneysin the best and cleanest manner. ■■■ * Any gentle- 
men, or others, who shall be pleased to employ him may depend on 
being served with fidelity, care, and dispatch by their humble 
servant. 

'Richard WagstatTe, Peruke and Lady's tate-maker, and hair-cutter, 
will soon settle in Annapolis and follow the said business, and will sell 
hi>j goods at rinisonable rates. He also intends to teach reading, 
writing, and accounts ; and will take in youth to board and educate at 
twenty-three pounds per year. N. B. He has a few |>erukes ready 
made which he will dispose of very cheap, such as Kamillies. Albemarles, 
And Bobs, &c. 

"John Lannnond, musician, at the house of John Lansdale, shoe- 
maker, hereby gives notice ; that if any gentlemen should want music 
to their balls or merry-makings, upon application madr,they shall be 
diligently waited on by their humble servant. The said Lammond, 



History of Annapolis. 131 

having a good able horse, will undertake journeys to any part of the 
province, with the utmost expedition, and fidelity, to the full satis- 
faction of any gentlemen who are pleased to employ hini. 

"The duties of a servant are shown by one who offers himself 'to wait 
at table, curry horses, clean knives, b(iots and shoes, lay a table, 
shave and dress wigs, carry a lantliorn, and talk French ; is as honest 
as the times will admit and as sober as can be.' We can fancy this 
man-of-all-work conducting his master home from some convivial 
meetnig, the lanthorn swaying to and fro as the faithful domestic ad- 
justs the old gentleman's wig and cocked liat and guides his meander- 
ing footsteps thro' the unpaved and unlighted streets of the provin- 
cial capital." 

The club, invention of modei-n days to avoid the rigor of prohiVii- 
tion, was no new thing in Annapolis. It was for quite a different pur- 
pose, yet being tocial, after the manner of the people of those days, it 
embraced a large amount of drinking. 

Tlie South River Club, near Annapolis, survived almost to the 
present day, and of the Tuesday Club, of Annapolis, it has been said 
"if its records h-ive been accurately kept, at least deserves so to have 
survived. The latter was an assemblage of wits, who satirized every 
one. and did it successfully." 

Some of their squibs and portraitures even now pass current, and 
the incomplete memorial of their transactions is among^ the most 
•interesting originals preserved in the Maryland Historical Society. 

When it is read what were the proceedings of the Tues- 
day Club, opinions will differ as to its right of survival. The same au- 
thor"^-" in a foot-note on the same page says : 

"The Homonv Club, founded later, was more or less political in its 
membership, and purposes, but the Tuesday, the Independent, Thurs- 
day, and most of the other clubs, were exclusively social, and, as the 
ladies, who were generally excluded from their sessions, complained, 
were usually organizations of men to encourage steady smoking and 
hard drinking. The records of the Tuesday Club, which extend over 
the space of ten years, are that of a society of the most distinguished 
and influential men of the ancient capital, graduates of the British 
Universities, and wits of the first order. They kept 'high jinks,' 
after the manner of that society to which Guy Mannering was intro- 
duced in his pursuit of Lawyer Pleydell ; but their records, most faith- 
fully and elaborately kept, abound with example of steadfast pursuit 
of wit and foes. The club met at the houses of members in regular 
■alternation, and each member was bound to provide his own sand-box 
as a spittoon, in order to save the carpet. Offensive topics of conver- 
sation were dealt with by the 'gelastic' method and laughed off the 
floor. At suppers, it was ordered that the first toast should always 
be 'the ladies ;' after that, 'The King's Majesty ;' and after that, 'the 
-deluge.' There was much singing, some of it probably very good ; 
and Parson Bacon, the learned and venerable compiler of the laws of 
Maryland, * * * * was elected to honorary membership, on account 
.of his accomplishments as a fiddler, thus becoming, as it were, the 
tFriar Tuck, of this jovial society, the mottoes of which were — 'Uhertas 
Jit natale solum,' and 'concordia res parvae crescunt.' It is to be re- 
.gretted that we are forced to add that there was a great deal of dog- 

* 8charr» History ot Maryland. 



132 ' 'The Ancient City." 

gerel in the club's poetry, and of indelicacy in its connindrums and 
jokes. The age was coarse and the clnb accurately reflected it." 

The only permanent club left is the Arundel. It is of recent date, 
having V)een organized in 188:^. It admits none but males to its mem- 
bership and festivities. Its diversions are suppers, billiards, cards, 
current literature, social converse and potations at the will of the in- 
dividual member, as it is a rule of the club that no one shall be invited 
to drink. There seems to be an exception to this in favor of visiting 
strangers. 

To return to the Tuesday Club, let the records of its Secretary tell 
of its witty sallies and bacchanalian pleasures. 

The liistory of the Tuesday Club, preserved in the rooms of the 
Maryland Historical Society, Baltimore, is dedicated "To the venerable 
the Chancellor of the ancient and honorable Tuesday Club and his 
successors in that honorable office," and dated from the author's 
study September 9th, 1754, and in quaint style acknowledges all dedi- 
cations to be "at best ])ut paltry stuff," in which truth is warped 
"either by the power of flattery or by the pestilent inclination to 
party, or pussillanimous fear of the anger and resentment of men in 
power." 

The first volume contains the first decade of the transactions of that 
society comprehended in 239 sederunts, viz : from May 1745, to May 
1755, inclusive, with the heads of the honorable the President, and 
the principal officers and members, and also figures of the most 
material transactions of the club — with an appendix of the club music 
composed by Signor Lardini, the most favourite songs used in clubs, 
etc. The laws provide that the club shall meet weekly at each other's- 
dwellings by turns, every Tuesday, throughout the year, that the 
member appointed to serve as steward shall provide a "gammon of 
bacon," or any one other dish of vittles and no more. That no fresh 
liquor shall be made, prepared or produced after eleven o'clock at 
night and every member to be at lil)erty to retire at jileasure. 
Here comes 

The Club in Session. 
"Long live the Tuesday Club, so wisely framed 
That 'mongst all those great Addison has named, 
Not one so great — long may the members stand 
And still maintain their l)adge of hand in hand." 
"It is established as a rule of the society," "Tliat immediately after 
supper the ladies shall be toasted, before any other toasts or healths 
go round. It is consented to — that such as are bachellor members of 
this society may be permitted to have a cheese instead of dressed 
vittles. 

"Sederunt, June 18th, 1745. This night the great clieese or bachel- 
lor's was i)roduced upon a sido board. Passed into a law. That if any 
subject of wiiat nature soever l^e discussed wliich levels at party mat- 
ters, or the administration of the (lovernment of this Province, or be 
disagreeable to the club, no answer shall be given thereto, but after 
such discourse is ended, the society shall laugh at the memlier offend- 
ing in order to divert the discourse." 

"June 25th. the g elastic law was this night put in execution against 
Mr. Secretary Marshe, who got into a prolix harangue about the con- 



History of Annapolis. 13o 

• sciences of lawyers. Ordered, that Mr. Secretary Marshe entertain 
this society" upon Tuesday, the 2nd of July next ensuing." 

July 25, 1745, "'Resolved, That cheese is not any moretoV)e deemed 
■a dish of vittles. Therefore the use of it as such in the clul) is forbid." 
' 'July 23d . This night the society before breaking up was entertained by 
Mr. Charles Cole, steward, with a large bowl of rack-punch, and a 
catch song, "Tlie Great Bell of Lincoln." 

As the society developed, the insignia of office and various 
adjuncts of ceremony were adopted, badges of silver, double gilt, and 
.engraved with the device and mottoes of the society were procured 
from London. 

Here are some of the club's orders : 

"There shall be a ball held at the Stadt-house for the entertain- 
ment of the ladies at the common expense of the club, etc." The 
terra "Stadt-house," points to the Dutch reign of William and Mary, 
and is still termed the "State House." 

"Ordered, That Wm. Thornton, Esq., frame a discourse to the 
society next meeting, upon that trite text "Omnia Yincit Amor." 
Next meeting or sederunt, Mr. William Thornton delivered a dis- 
course to the society upon the subject proposed last meeting, which 
met with the approbation of the Society, and was so Avell liked, that he 
was desired to deliver it a second time, which he very complacently 
did with a singular good grace. 

"Ordered, That tlieRev. Mr. John Gordon prepare a discourse to be 
■ delivered to the society at next meeting the subject. Ad libitum — other 
"orders" follow on such subjects as 

"Government." "chearfuUness," "charity," "clubs," or "pru- 
dence, ' ' — ' ' wisdom. ' ' 

The entry is made that Wm. Thornton, Esq., on account of his un- 
common talent in singing, was by unanimous consent of the club ap- 
pointed proto-musicns or cliief musician, and it is ordained that as 
often as he votes in club he is to sing his vote in a musical manner, else 
it is to go for nothing. 

"The secretary delivered a speech the purport of which was an ac- 
ausation of Mr. Speaker Dorsey, of negligence in office, as not dis- 
playi!!g his talents in oratory to the club, on such occasions as de- 
manded his elocution, but the club let him go without censure. The 
Rev. Mr. Gordon congratulated the Secretary upon the late event of 
his marriage, which speech the clul) approved of, etc. Then our 
Speaker Dorsey, rising with that gravity and action which is. his pecu- 
liar talent on all such occasions discoursed, but little upon that sub- 
ject, delivering chiefly an encomium upon Mr. Gordon's discourse, in 
a nervous and elegant style which is natural to that gentleman upon 
all occasions. "June 23rd, 1747. The chief musician was accused by 
the Secretary of negligence in his office, which accusation was slurred 
.over by the President and club on account of that gentleman's good 
performances at other times. As acknowledgement of the favour, he 
entertained the club with two excellent new songs, the one solus and 
the other in concerto with another voice, after which he had the 
privilege conferred on him of commanding any member of the club to 
sing after having first sung himself." 

Here is : 

"The humble petition and remonstrance of sundry of the single 
.females of Annapolis, showeth, 



134 " T H E A N C I E N T C I T Y . " 

"That, whcrear?, it has been observed by sundry persons as weil as 
your petitionei's, that a singular and surprising success has all along 
attended such happy females as your honor has been pleased to jntch 
upon as the toasts of the honorable chair, every one of whom in a 
short time after having been adopted by your honor has successfully 
and happily been provided with a much more eligible state, your peti- 
tioners, therefore, earnestly pray, that your honor instead of con- 
ferring your favors in so partial a manner, would, in commisseration of 
our desperate situation, include us all in the circle of favor that the 
Vjenign influence of your honors' maritiferous notice may henceforth 
equally shine upon us all. * ■■■ * * * * •'^ 

"To the honorable Charles Cole, Esq., President of the most worship- 
ful and ancient Tuesday Club." 

*'The honorable president was pleased to declare that he would grant 
this petition as far as lay in his power." 

The anniversaries were occasions of great ceremony. The members 
wearing their badges proceeded to the house of the President. "As 
they marched along in a solemn and stately manner they were honored 
by }i great many spectators of all sorts and ranks, and when they came 
within twenty paces of the honoral)le the president's gate, his honor 
made his a])pearance and did each member the honor of a Siilute by 
manuqua.ssafion, upon which they liaKfed a little, and Jonas Green, 
Esq., holding up the anniversary ode in his right hand, waved it 
around his head in a very graceful* maimer by way of salutation to his 
honor, who made several low bows M'hich were )-espectfully returned 
by the master of ceremonies. Sir John, and the Chancellor. ' Then his 
honor taking his place l)etween the two latter, the procession marched 
into his honor's court-yard, the way being all strewed with flowers 
and the ensign or flag displayed as usual. After some time sitting in 
the court-yard the members assembled in his honor's great saloon. As 
his honor Avent to take the chair with a grand i)as, a martial time was 
])layed by the chief musicion or proto-musicus, ann he took the chair 
with a [)laudite." 

The Secretary in his speech reflects the sentiment of the club. 
"This is not a time to speak much, but to act well — that our discourse 
and conversation be regular, orderly, free, humorous, and jocose, 
without reflexion, without passi'^n, without reserve, without clamor, 
witiiout noise, — let our songs be in tune, our puns and repartees 
apropos, and not too poignant or sjitirical, our toasts loyal and 
amorous, our stomachs keen to relish our fare and our punch-bowls 
always replete with nectarious liquor, for this cordial juice taken with 
temperance and moderation heightens the spirit, enlivens the wit, and 
will conduce not oidy to make me a more fluent orator, but, more jolly 
and benevolent, long-standing members. 
"Whene'er we meet 
With bowl replete 

The loyal healths go round , 
, And in each toast 

We all can boast 

Wine honest, hearty, sound !" — 

After the supper of which the "outward decoration and apparatus 
was as elegant and harmonious as the inward rhetoric and eloquence 
of the club was uncommon," several loyal healths were drank, as, his 



History OF Annapolis. 135 

maiestv Kinj? George the Second ; the Prince and Princess of Wales ; 
the Dn'Ke, (of Cnml)erland) ; success to his majesty's arms ; a speedy 
and honorable peace ; prosperity to the province of Maryland, etc. 
Then they drank to the memory of the "South Sea Company, and 
san^ "The Great Bell of Lincoln," and that favorite song, "the Hun- 
dords of Drury." , 

"A speech of a member being thought unseasonable, assuming, and 
unpolite, had the c/ela-sfic law put in force against him the whole 
company being seized with a most vociferous and roaring laugh m 
which the culjirit himself, joined with most prodigious force of lungs 
—But he- thinking to take the president upon his weak or blind side, 
knowing his enthusiastic fondness for old England, and everything 
appertaining to that happy country, he asked his honor to favour him 
at least, for country's sake ; that he was his countryman and the only 
Englishman now in club, besides himself and his honor's attorney, the 
rest of the members being either country-born or Scotsmen. To this 
his honor made reply 'that he set no value upon that and that he 
always judged of a man by his behaviour and not by his country.' 
This was an excellent sentiment and came from his honor unawares, 
he not being given to speak philosojjically or justly when old England 
was introduced into conversation which evinces that even resentment 
at times may make a man- utter philosophical truths."^ ^^ _ 

On issuing commissions to new members January 30, 1749, "it is 
thought fit to affix seals of black wax, upon the occasion of the day 
being the martyrdom of that blessed Saint Charles I." 

"The master of ceremonies, Mr. Jonas Green, and the Secretary are 
ordered to prepare each of them a conundrum, to be proposed in club 
immediately after all the toasts are drank— and in case the club should 
solve or answer them the above officers are expected to drink a 
bumper each to the prosperity of the club, in the opposite case the 
gentlemen are declared victors. The conundrums are ordered to be 
recorded." 

"To drowsy man pray how can you compare 
A garment that is worn till quite thread-bare. 

The answer's easy for we all must grant 
That both and each of them a nap does want. 

Two minutes only by the watch was given to answer — 
Why is a dancing master like a shady tree ? 

Because he is full of boivs — houghs. 

Why is a wizard like an Ethiopian ? 

Because he is a necromancer — negroe man, sir. 

A client who has lost his cause is like a winter stocking, be- 
cause he is worsted. 

A pump in a well is like a firelock, because it depends upon 
springs. 

An almanac is like a butcher, because he deals in wethers. 



13G ' • T U E A X C 1 E ^- T Cl T Y . ' ' 

Driod apples are like married })eople, because they are paired. 

A scandalous story is like a church bell, because it is often told- 
toll-ed. 

The city of Westminster is like a school-boy's horn-book, be- 
cause it lias an Abbacy — A. B. C." 

A motion beinji; made to exclude the use of long pipes in the clul), 
excepting the president's, the same was not assented to. 

Mr. Jonas Green, the pi-inter of the Maryland (xazefte, in acknowl- 
edging the honor of admission to the club says : 

"May good fellowship dispell every cloud that may threaten us ex- 
cepting only tliat of tobaccco, the dear specific conde/imfur ofjMliti- 
cal coiireptions.''^ 

Although the circumspect and dignified IMaryland pu])lisher ad- 
vanced to high position in the club and "his titles were expressed in 
the manner of the ancient liomans by five capital p's, P. P. P. P. P. 
important sundry olficers of trust and dignity, viz. poet, printer, 
punster, purveyor, and punchmaker. he did not escape indictment 
duly preferred in law-latin and a formal trial and conviction. "After 
reading the sentence during which Jonas Green, Esq., stood up. His 
lordship knocked uj)on the table with a little mallet after tlie manner 
of Sir Hugh McCarty, Esq., Lord President of the Monday Club, of 
JVeii' York, and this signal being given the Sergeant at Arms imme- 
diately took Jonas Green, Esq., into custody and he was confined for 
a full half hour, a languishing prisoner in a remote corner of the 
room. l)eing deprived of all comfort and assistance from the spark- 
ling and enlivening board, a woeful and lamentable si^eetacle and a 
warning to all loyal members to be upon their good behavior." 

What pleasure there could be in all this except only that of eating 
and di'inking I 

"After all im]»ediments are removed and the clul) forms itself again 
around the great taV)le to smoke and drink how dull and sleepy are 
the members, how flat their conversation, what yawning, what gap- 
ing, what nodding, what sleeping, what snoring I How much better 
to have spent the time in witty conversation, such as punning, fram- 
ing of quaint conumdrums, cracking sly jokes, telling comical stories, 
.singing old catches or composing quaint rhymes ; but alas I all this is 
only -preaching to the wind, and beatin<.v the air in vain For one may 
preach to eternity and never reform the manners of clubs. 

"These (plaint and lively volumes are embellished with rude draw- 
ings, not without m(M-it in their sense of character. rei)i"esenting thn 
most humorous and imi)oiTant events in the clu!)'s history, its anni- 
versarie^j, its frolics, and its disputes. There is a series of portraits of 
the members in wjiicii the likenesses are evidently, in the words of a 
certain limner, 'strong as pisen.' " 

Before tiie Revolution the people of Annapolis were intensely loyal 
and preeminently convivial. The slightest pretext sulhced for an ex- 
hibition of the one and tlu' enjoyment of the other. 

Wednesday, the 2;]rd of April, 1740, being the festival of St. George, 
was ol)served "by a number of gentlemen of English 'oirth, descent, 
and principle, in an elegant manner. The same day the exit of the 
rebellion (lately occurred in EngLind.) was celebrated by firing of 



History OF Annapolis. loT 

■guns, drinking loyal healths, and other deiLonstrations of joy. There 
was a ball in the evening, the whole city was illuminated, and a great 
quantity of punch given amongst the populace at the bonfire, on this 
occasion." 

It .vas again on October 30th, 1746, when this patriotic conviviality 
was exhibited, which the '^Gdzete"^ announced "as being the 
anniversery of the birth of his most sacred Majesty, our only rightful 
sovereign, King George the second, (who God long preserve,) when 
his majesty completed his (lord (a grand climaterical) year, the same 
was observed here (Annapolis) with firing of cannon, drinking loyal 
healths, &c. &c." 

The domestic circle, as now, furnished the local column with items. 
Only then t le stately courtesy of sentiment and expression united to 
smooth down the indelicacy that has invaded the reports of modern 
journalism. On December 2ord, 174(), the editor of the '■'Gazette'^ 
announced : "At the dawn of the 21st instant, the wife of the 
printer of this paper, to the great joy of her husband, was safely de- 
livered of a son ; who is to have the honor of being named after that 
great general, his royal highness Duke William." 

The arrival of dignitaries in the city was made the occasion of 
public and private courtesies and patriotic demonstrations. The faith- 
ful publisher of the ca|)ital, says in March 174? : 

"On Tuesday last, arrived within our Ca|)es his Majesty's Ship, 
the Foulkstone, Capt. Greger, with Samuel Ogle, Esq., and Lady, on 
board, who, some short time after, disembarked, and went on board 
the Neptune, Capt. Grindall, bound for this place, where he arrived 
about ten in the evening, and was received at his Landing by a num- 
ber of gentlemen, &c., and saluted by the town guns, and from on 
board Sundry Ships in the river. And yesterday morning, his honor, 
attended by his Excellency Thomas Bladen, Esq., then Governor, and 
his Lordship's honorable Council, &c., went to the Council Chamber, 
where his commission, appointed him Lieutenant-General and Chief 
Governor of this Province and Avalon, was 0])ened and published. 
After which his Excellency was pleased to issue his Pr'oclamation for 
continuing all officers, both Civil and Military, in their respective 
offices, until furtlier orders." 

Although the bill of rights had not been written and the 3Iaryland 
Code published, t..e Maryland Courts of the last century had an 
annate desire to adjudicate all causes before them "according to the 
■very riglit and equity of the matter." For example : 

On Tuesday, June 16th, 1747, "at the County Court, held here last 
'Tuesday, Mrs. S. C. of Patapsco, was fined the sum of one penny, for 

*.whip|)ing the R d Mr. X 1 W Pw with a Hickory Switch, it 

being imagined by the court that he well deserved it." 

In the same spirit, no doubt, the sword of justice was unsheathed 
in September 1747, when two servants, "Rebels lately imi'orted," 
were found guilty of drinking the Pretender's healtu, together ^vith 
"some other treasonable expressions," being incapable cf paying fines, 
■were "well whip' d at the whipping post," and were stood in the 
pillory. 

The times were writ, when during the second week in January. 1747, a 
negro man in Annapolis .had one of his ears cut ofl: by the sentence of 
,the peace, "for olfenng to strike his overseer. 

The ooui-t- then allowed no trifling with a lady's feelings, as was 



138 "TheAncientCity." 

proved on the 12th of April, 1748, when "a great case'' was tried at An- 
napolis, "wherein a young gentle woman was plaintiff and a gentle- 
man defendant for breach of a promise of marriage. The trial latited 
about nine hours, wlien the jury went out. and after a short stay, re- 
turning with a verdict for the plaintiff and £5(3 damages." 

On May 2nd. 1752, Mary W n obtained from Joseph W d, 

after a long trial and the examination of numei'ous witnesses, £50 
damages for a breach of promise of marriage. 

Electricity had its devotees nearly a century and a half ago, who 
had made some progress in the subtle sciene, as wasj)roved on Friday, 
June 0th, 1749, when a gentleman with an electrical machine made 
some interesting experiments in Annapolis, lie placed it on the 
South side of a creek, supposed the Spa, "and having set some spirits 
of wine in a small vessel, on a I able on the North Side, he caused a 
spark of electrical fire to dart across in an instant, through 200 yards 
of water, which set the spirits in a ])]aze in the first attempt, and 
several times afterwards : and discharged a battery of eleven guns, to 
the surprise and great satisfaction of the spectators."*' 

The Ancient, Free and Accepted jNIasons were established in the 
city at this early date, and "on Wednesday, the 27th of December, 
1749, the festival of St. J ohn the Evcingelist, and the anniversary of the 
Ancient and IIonoral)le Fraternity of Free fud Accepted Masons, the 
Gentlemen of the Brotherhcxxl, connected with lodge in Annapolis 
with several of the order from the country, celelu'ated the day. 

At 12 o'clock, the whole company, 80 in nun)l)er, "went in pro- 
cession with white gloves and aprons, from the House of their Brother 
Middleton, being preceded by their master. Wardens ami Grand 
Stewards to the church, wheri an excellent sermon, adajitcd to the 
occasion, was preached by their brother, the Rev. Mr. Brogden : 
After Sermon, they returned in the same manner from Church to the 
Indian King, where having dined elegantly, they elected their master 
and officers for tlie ensuing year, and then proceeded in the above 
order to the great Council Room, where they made a ball for the en- 
tertainment of the Ladies, and the evening was spent with innocent 
mirth aiul gayety." 

The hearth-stone again furnishes the Gazette with a local note. On 
Wednesday, January 24th. 1750, it Sfiys : 

"Last Saturday, being tlie anniversary of the birthday of his royal 
highness the Prince of Wales, the wife of the printer of this paper 
was liappily delivered of a son, who will be baptized the name of 
Frederick." 

For the curious the colonial printer had a well-developed apprecia- 
tion. There was a naivete in his quaint expressions that lent a charm 
to his descriptions. On December 5th. 1750, he says : 

"We have an account that a few days ag(j, one J W e, in 

this county, as he was carrying home one of his neighbor's hogs, 
which he had killed with a design to make it his own, having tied the 
feet together, and put it over his neck, he went to rest himself by 
laying the hog on a dead tree, but laying it too far over, the string 
catch'd him by the throat and chock'd him, and they were there 
found ; so they proved executioner to each other." 

Emigrants, from the continent continued to arrive in large num- 
bers, in Annapolis. 

* Md. GitZfUe. 



History of Annapolis 139' 

On October 10th, 1752, the ship Friendship, Capt. Jam^s Lucas, 
arrived at Annapolis, with 300 German passengers called Palatines, 
who were consigned to Messrs. Alexander La wson and James Johnson, 
merchants. Among them were husbandmen and tradesmen, "who 
were offered for sale at Annapolis on the 14th of October to pay their 
passage money. 

From business to pleasure the Annapolitans of the last century ,.. 
turned with a keen zest ; and the Annapolis Theatre is now found in i 
full operation. Among the pieces played were The Busy 33ody, The 
Lying Valet, The Beggar's Opera, * The Beaux Stratagem, The 
Virgin Unmasked, HecTuiting Officer, The Beau in the Side, The- 
London Merchant, The ballad Opera. Damon and Pythias. King 
Richard III was advertised to be played. Mr. Wyrell took the part of 
Richard. 

In the early part of November, of the same year. 1752, Richard 
Buckell & Company exhibited at Annapolis, three wax figures, the 
queen of Hungary, her son. and a pandour in his military dress, also 
a curious brass piece of ordinance, that could be discharged twenty 
times in a minute, together with pictures of places of note in England, 
Scotland. France, and Italy. 

A Court incident occurred about this time that does not reflect much 
credit upon the wjmen jury system. At a late Provincial Court, 
Mary Perry, sentenced to die, pleaded that she was with child. A 
jury of matrons was summoned to examine her, "the foreman being 
an experienced midwife, which pronounced her not quick. A few 
days afterwards in Queen Anne's county jail, she gave birth to a lusty 
boy." 

The intense loyalty to all that was British was constantly shown by 
the people of Annapolis. Saturday, the 17th of February, 1752, the 
birthday of Lord Baltimore, at which time he attained his majority, 
twenty-one, was warmly celebrated at Annapolis. "At noon cannons' 
were discharged, in the evening the President of the province gave a 
public ball where there was a handsome appearance of gentlemen 
and ladies. Tho Loyal Healths, Lordship's Prosperity to Maryland, 
&c., &c.. were drank, and the town was beautifully illuminated. 
There was a bonfire near the dock, and a hogshead of punch was given 
to the populace." 

Again, on Xoveraber 1st. 1759, their loyality cropped out when 
there was great rejoicing at Annapolis on account of the taking of 
Quebec. — guns were fired, illuminations made, and a public ball was 
given by the Governor. Much regret was felt for death of Gen. 
Wolfe. 

The scenes shift, and the bright picture of filial affection is marred 
by the ominous clouds of disapproval on the brows of the Freeman of 
Maryland who had never submitted, and were determined never tO' 
submit, to the levying of any taxes upon them except such as were 
laid by their own deputies. 

On December 21. (1769,) "at ten o'clock at a numerous meeting, by 
beat of the town-drum, at which were many of the gentlemen com- 
mittees from the several counties of this province, who in July last, 
entered into the articles for non-importation of British superfluities, 
and for promoting frugality, economy, and the use of American manu- 
factures, resolved unanimously, that the said articles be most strictly 



il40 ' ' T u E A X 1 E N T City.'' 

adhered to and pn^servcd inviolate ; and that each and every gentle- 
man, present at this meetuig, will use his utmost endeavor to those 
laudable er.ds." 

Tliis mosaic of sentiment, politics, and festivities 2)resents Anna]»(>lis 
as it was a hundred years a^o. 

It was at this jteriod thatl Eddis, the English Surveyor of Customs 
at Annapolis, wrote : ''1 am persuaded there is not a town in England 
oi the same size as Annapolis, which can boast of a greater number of 
fashionable and handsome women ; and were 1 not satisfied to the con- 
trary. I should su[)pose that tiie majority of our belles possessed every 
advantage of a long and familiar intercourse mth the manners and 
liabits of your great (London) metropolis." 

During tiie winter tliese lovely and accomplished women had op- 
portunity to disi)lay their graces in fortnight balls. The rooms for 
ilancing, (tlte present Assembly Kooius) were large and of elegant 
construction, and were illuminated with great brilliancy. At eiich 
end of tlie room were apartments for the card tables, "'where select 
companies enjoy the circulation of the ))arty-colored gentry, without 
having their attention diverted by the sound of fiddles, and the evolu- 
tions of youtliful performers."^ 

It is to the credit of the citizens of jNIaryland that, during the gloom 
and distress occasioned by the Ivevolution, the convention prohil)ited 
balls througiiout tiie province. Tlie public mind, however, did not 
seem to need the legal prohibition for it was engaged in too serious 
business to pursue the ])liantom of social i)leasures. 

Cue of tlie most faithful pictures of Annapolis life iihmediately pre- 
ceeding the beginning of the hostihties of the Revolution is drawn by 
•tiie pen of Mr. Eddis who was part of what he described. In his 
cheerful and entertaining style, under date of January 18, 1771, he 
writes from Annapolis : 

"In a former letter, I attempted to convey some idea of the truly 
pictures(|ue and beautiful situation of our little cai)ital. Several of 
the most o])uleut families iiave here establislied their residence : and 
liospitality is tiiecliaracteristic of tlie inhabitants. Party prejudices 
have little influence on social intercourse : the grave and ancient en- 
joy the blessings of a respectable society, while the young and gay 
have various amusements to engage their hours of relaxation, and to 
l)romote that mutual connexion so essential to their future happi- 
ness. 

"You well know, that 1 have ever been strongly attached to the 
rational enteriaiiiment resulting from theatrical exhibitions. When 
I bade f,irewell t<» J'^ngluTid. 1 little expected that my pass'on for the 
drama could hnvv. been gratitieil, in any tolerable degree, at a distance 
so remote from the great mart of genius ; and I brought with me 
strong jn-epossessions in behalf of favourite performers, whose merits 
were fully established, by the universal sanction of intelligent judges. 
My pleasure and my surprise were therefore excited in proportion, on 
finding perforuiers in this county equal, at least, to those who sustain 
the best of the first eliaracters in your most celebrated provincial 
theatre-;. Our governor, from a strong conviction that the stage, 
under j)roi)er regulations, may be rendered of general utility, and 
ma<lesul)servient to the great inteiestsof religion and virtue, patronizes 
the American Company : and as their ])resent place of exhibition* 
is on a small scale, and ificonveniently situated, a subscription, 



History OF Annapolis. 141^ 

by his example, has been rapidly completed to erect a new theatre, 
on a commodious, if not an elegant, plan. The manager is to de- 
liver tickets for two seasons, to the amount of the respective sub- 
scriptions ; and, it is imagined, that the money which will be re- 
ceived at the doors, from non -subscribers, well enable him to con- 
duct the business without difficulty ; and when the limited numljer of 
performances is completed, the intire property is to be vested in him. 
This will be a valuable addition to our catalogue of amusements. The 
building is already in a state of forwardness, and the day of opening 
is anxiously expected." 

On November 3, 1771, Mr. Eddis introduces another scene in An- 
napolis life. To his correspondent in England, he says -.J^ 

"In this remote region, my dear friend, the phantoii^^easure is 
pursued with as much avidity as on your side of the Atlantic^ and cer- 
tainly with as much gratification except by the injudicious herd who 
form ideas of happiness from comparison alone. 

"Our races, which are just concluded, continued four days, and 
afforded excellent amusement to those who are attached to the pleas- 
ures of the turf ; and, surprising as it may appear, 1 assure you there 
are few meetings in England better attended, or where more capital 
horses are exhibited. 

"In order to encourage the breed of this noble animal, a jockey club 
has been instituted, consisting of many principal gentlemen in this 
and in the adjacent provinces many of whom have imported from Bri- 
tain, at a very great expense, horses of high reputation. 

"In America, the mild beauties of the autumnal months amply com- 
pensate for the fervent heats of summer, and the rigid severity of 
winter. Nothing could exceed the charming serenity of the weather 
during these races ; in consequence of which there was a prodigious 
concourse of spectators, and considerable sums were depending on the' 
contest of each day. On the first, a purse of one hundred guineas 
was run for, free only for the members of the club ; and on the three 
following days subscription purses of fifty pounds each. Assemblies, 
and theatrical representations, were the amusements of the evening, 
at which the company exhibited a fashionable and brilliant ap- 
pearance. 

"Our new theatre, of which I gave you an account in a former letter.- 
was opened to a numerous audience the week preceding the races. 
The structure is not inelegant, but, in my opinion, on too narrow a 
scale for its length ; the boxes are commodious, and neatly decorated ; 
the pit and gallery are calculated to hold a number of people without 
incommoding each other ; the stage is well adapted for dramatic and 
pantomimical exhibitions ; and several of the scenes reflect great credit 
on the ability of the painter. I have before observed, that the per- 
formers are considerably above mediocrity ; therefore, little doubt can 
be entertained of their preserving the public favour, and reaping a 
plenteous harvest." 

Mr. Eddis was disposed to give the country of his choice credit for 
every virtue it possessed. In these glowing sentences he depicts the 
conservatism of their sentiments and the beauty and accomplishments^ 
of American women, which latter opinions were founded centirely by the 
Maryland and Virginia ladies he had met and chiefly those of Annapolis, 
since Mr. Eddis appears to have been in no other parts of this conti- 
. nent. On December 24, 1771, he writes from the Maryland capital t 



143 "The Ancient City." 

" Wliato ver y^u have heard relative to the rigid puritanical principles 
and eooDoiiiical liabits ot our American brethren, is by no means true 
when applied to the inhabitants of the southern provinces. Liberality 
o£ sentiment, and f^^Miuine hosj)itality, are every where prevalent ; 
and I am persuaded they too frequently mistake profusencss for 
generosity, and impair their health and tneir fortunes, by splendor of 
appearance and magnificence of entertainments. 

"The quick imjmrtation of fashions from the mother country is really 
astonishing. T am almost inclined ro believe, that a new fashion is 
adopted earlier by the polislied and allluent American, than by many 
opulent persons in the great metropolis ; nor are opportunities wanting 
to display superior elegance. We have varietl amusements, aiul 
niunerous parties, which afford to the young, the gay, and the ambi- 
tious, an extensive field to contend in the race of vain and idle comi)eti- 
tiou. In short, very little difference is. in reality, observable in the 
manners of the wealthy colonist and the wealthy r)riton. Good and 
bad habits prevail oh V)oth sides the Atlantic. 

"It is l)ur, justice to confess, tha: the American ladies possessa na- 
tural ease and elegance in the whole of their deiK)rtment : and that 
while they assiduously cultivate external accomplishment, they are 
still anxiously attentive to the more imjjortant eml)ellishments of 
the mind. In conversation they are generally animated, and en- 
tertaining, and deliver their sentiments with affal)ility and propriety. 
In a word, there are, throughout these colonies, very many lovely 
women, who have never passed the bounds of their respective })ro- 
vinces, and yet, I am |)ersuaded, might ap|)ear to great advantage in 
the' most brilliant circles of gaiety and fashion. 

"In this country the marriage ceremony is universally performed in 
the dwelling houses of the parties. The company, who are invited, 
assemlde early in the evening, and after partaking of tea and other 
refreshments,' the indissoluble contract is completed. The bride and 
bridegroom then receive the accustomed congratulations: cards and 
dancing immediately succeed ; a:; elegant sujjper, a cheerful glass, and 
the convivial song elose the entertainment. 

"There are few places where young ])eople are more frequently grati- 
fied with oi){)ortunities of associating together than in this country. 
Besides our regular assemblies, every mark of attention is paid to the 
patron Saint oi each parent domiiuon ; and St. George, St. Andrew. 
St. Patrick, and St. David, are celebrated with every partial mark of 
national attachment. General invitations are given, and the appear- 
ance is always numerous and splendid. 

"The Americans, on this part of this continent, have likewise a Saint, 
whose history, like those of the aVtove venerable characters, is lost in 
fable and uncertainty. The first of May is, however, set apart to the 
memory of Saint Tamina, on which occasion the natives wear a piece 
of a buck's tail in their hats, or in some conspicuous situaticm. Dur- 
ing the course of the evening, and generally in the midst of a dance, 
the company are interrupted by the sudden intrusion of a number of 
persons habited liked Indians, who rush violently into the room, sing- 
ing the war song, giving the whoop, and dancing in the style of those 
people ; after which ceremony a collection is made, and the retire 
well sjitisfied with their reception and entertainment. 

"In this province there are scarce any vestiges of the original inhab- 
itants, but it does not appear that their numbers have been reduced 



History OP Annapolis. 143 

by any inlmraan or iudirec!; practices of the British settlers. In Dor- 
set county, on the eastern shore of Maryland, there are indeed the re- 
mains of a nation, once populous and powerful, who, to this day, re- 
tain considerable tracts of valuable land, for which they receive an 
annual coneideration, Init by no means equivalent to the real value. 
When every other Indian nation thought it neccssary to retire beyond 
the range of the European settlements, these people it seems deter- 
mined to continue on their native spot. But being precluded from 
their former occupations and pursuits, they became totally indolent and 
inactive : and a different habit of living,' a violent propensity to spir- 
ituous liquors, and the havock occasioned by the small-pox. and other 
disorders, to w^hich they were unaccustomed, reduced their numbers 
to such a degree, that at this time not twenty of their descendants 
remain." 

Politics is the child of government. America had its politics and 
Maryland a noted part of it before the Revolution. It iind not reached 
exact national delineation ))efore the throes over the Stamp xVct 
began, but in Maryland there was a one line of policy which the 
citizens, on all occasions, "in season and out of season" pursued, and 
that was to resist with manly courage all infringements of their rights 
by the Crown's officers. Mr. Eddis, seeing with an Englishman's 
eye, portrays this determination in the following extract from \n- 
napolis, Feb. 17,1772: 

"The annual revenue of the proprietary, arishig from the sale of 
lands, and the yearly quit rent, after deducting all the various charo-es 
of government, averages at twelve thousand five hundred T)ounds per 
annuih. All offices, excepting those in the service of the customs, 
are \\\ his gift, or in the gift of his representative for the time being! 
This patronage includes a very extensiv^e range of lucrative, and re- 
spectful stations ; and consequently throws great weight and influ- 
ence into the scale of government. 

"This influence is considered by many, as inimical to the essential in- 
terests of the peeple : a spirit of party is consequently excited ; and 
every idea of encroachment is resisted, by the popular faction, with 
all the warmth of patriotic enthusiasm. 

"I have before observed, that elections in this province are trien- 
nial. The delegates returned, are generaliy persons of the greatest 
consequence in their different counties ; and many of them are per- 
fectly acquainted with the political and commercial interests of their 
constituents. I have frequently heard subjects debated with great 
powers of eloquence, and force of reason ; and the utmost regularity 
and propriety distinguish the whole of their proceedings. 

"During the sitting of the assembly, the members of both houses 
receive a stated sum for their attendance on public business ; and the 
number of days being properly certified, they are regularly paid their 
respective claims at the conclusion of each session.* 

"Provincial and country magistrates are appointed by the gover- 
nor. The former are commissioned to try capital offences, and im- 
portant causes relative to property ; the latter preside m. the county 
courts. They have likewise, individually, power to determine causes 

• Memhprs of the upper hou-<e, nine .^hillings sterling per diem ; tho?e of 
the lower, about eight .■>iiilling and six-pence. 



144 *'The Ancient City. '' 

of the value of forty shillings : and to inflict punishment on servants,, 
complaint being regularly made, and the matter proved Vjy their em- 
ployers. 

"The governor has a discretionary authority to pardon persons capi- 
tally convicted ; and by the principles of the constitution, he is 
obliged to sign all warrants for the execution of those who suffer 
agreeable to sentence. 

"A litigious spirit is very apparent in thiscouniry. The assizes are 
held twice in the year, in the city of Annapolis, and the number of 
causes then brought forward, is really incredible. Though few of the • 
gentlemen who jiractice in the courts have been regularly called to 
the bar, there are several who are confessedly eminent in thtir pro- 
fession ; and those who are possessed of suj)erior abilities, have full 
employment for the exertion of their talents, and are paid in due pro- 
portior. by their respective clients. 

"The natives of these provinces, even those who move in the hum- 
bler circles of hfe. discover a shrewdness and penetration, not gener- 
ally observable in the mother country. On many occasions, they are 
inquisitive, even beyond the bounds of propriety; they discriminate 
characters with the greatest accuracy ; and there are few who do not 
seem perfectly conversant with the general, and particulr interests of 
the community. An idea of equality also seems to prevail, and the 
inferior order of people pay but little external respect those who 
occupy superior stations." . 

By October 3rd, 1772, there was another color in the political cur- 
rent. This is the sneering and inappreciative language which Mr. 
Eddis uses, evidently with the sincerest belief that he fitly described^ 
them, towards the patriots who were in the van in opposing British 
encroachments upon the just rights and liberties of the colonies ; 

"Under pretence of supporting the sacred claims of freedom, and 
of justice, factious and designuig men are industriously fomenting 
jealousy and discontent : and unless they arc stopt in their progress 
by the innnediate and determined exertions of the wise and moderate, 
they will aggravate the dissention which is become ]mt too evident, 
and involve this now happy country in complicated misery." 

In the decade preceding the Revolution and part of that contem- 
poraneous \nth it, its life of fashion and frivolity reached its height at" 
the cajtitol. Wealth gave leisure and education : education and 
leisure created the desire for refined and fashioiuible pleasures. The 
presence of a large number of olhcials, part of whom had come from 
the realm of "]\Ierry England," and had imported its follies and 
pleasures, not only added to the reportoire of social amusements, but 
the emoluments of office gave the means of gratifying their tastes. 
These enlarging the fund of native resources of society, not only did' 
the fame of the elegance and enjoyment of life at Annapolis extend to 
the utmost bounds of the Province, but it invaded the sister com- 
monwealth of Virginia, and one of the frequent visitors of Annapolis, 
and participant in the pleasures and excitements of its race-courses,, 
its card-i)arties, and its balls, was George Washington, then a colonel 
in the service of his State. 

The only place in Maryland that offered to the devotees of fashion 
the opportunity to gratify a refined and cultivated tjiste for social 
pleasures, it became the rendezvous of a gay and voluptuous society. 
The very emptiness of their minds and lack of useful employment be- 



History of Annapolis. 145 

o-at a. longing for these trivial pleasures, which they called enjoyment 
because it relieved "from the ennui of the moment, even by occupa- 
tion in trifles." The seat of a wealthy government, the diily life of 
its inhabitants was softened by the refinements of art, the indolence of 
wealth, and the substantial benefits of opulence. The furniture of 
their houses was constructed of the most costly woods and the most 
valuable marbles, each enriched by the elegant devices of the painter's 
and sculptor's arts. When they paid their social debts, or gathered 
tor the stately minuet, they came in equipages light and handsome, 
drawn by fleetest coursers, and managed by livried slaves in richest 
apparel. Three-fourths of the dwellings of the city, by their style 
and elegance, gave proof of the wealth of the people whilst the em- 
jdoyment of a French hair dressei*, by one lady at a thousand crowns 
a year, was an out-cropping of that luxury which made it the home 
of a gay and haughty circle of giddy voluptuaries and social auto- 

Nor was the element of evil wanting in this dwarfed prototype of 
European social Ufe. Youth, beauty, wealth, and intelligence soon 
chastened the rigors of the primitive virtues of the settlers of the pro- 
vince and city into the refinement of continental manners. The fas- 
cinating and dangerous attractions of gayety, whilst they earned for 
Annapolis the title of the Athens of Aimrica, the chronicles of those 
times warrant the belief, that "her pleasures, Hke those of lux- 
urious and pampered life in all ages, ministered neither to her happi- 
ness nor her purity."* 

After the Revolution, its life of fashion subsided, its commerce d(^- 
parted, wealth gradually took its flight from Annapolis, and the cil v 
fell into a somnolent state. In its days of dreamy slumber a Nav;t . 
Commission reported that "A polar expedition is useless to determii) ■ 
the Earth's Axis. Go to Annapolis rather. It should be called th- 
pivot-city. It is the centre of the universe, for while all the worM 
around it revolves it remains stationary. One advantage is that yon 
always know where to find it. To get to Annapolis you have but I • 
cultivate a colossal calmness and the force of gravity will draw yoh 
towards the great centre— once there, there is no certrifugal force t'> 
displace vou, and you stay. By natural evolution your hands disap- 
pear in your breeches pockets and you assume the most marked char- 
acteristic of the indigenous Annapolitan. No glove merchant ever 
Jlovirished there. Annapolitans in heaven have heads and wings, 
their hands disappear. On old tombstones you may see them as An- 
gels, on earth they resemble exclamation points, all heads and tails, 
like the fish they eat. Natural evolution developes itseK in a taste for 
oysters, as they need no carving, and a phosphorous diet swells the 
brain ; th<ey talk politics continually. Annapolis keeps the Severn 
river in its place. This will be useful when the harbour of Baltimore 
dries up. Annapolitans are waiting for this. They are in no ^ hurry , 
they don't mind waitmg. Two or three centennials will do it. ' ' 

A fair specimen of the raillery Annapolis has outlived. This face- 
tious description, once well-nigh historical, no longer represents An- 
napols of the present which begins to stir in its slumber long and 
profound. 
The whistle of the locomotive, as it crosses the Severn, echoing 
• McMahone p. 256, 
10 



146 * ' T u E A X c I E M' City.'' 

above the liill-tops of encorapassin^ walls, is arousing "The Ancienl 
City," to its advantag^es- The infusion of new blood, that sees with 
new eyes the opportunities its location presents, indicates tlie renais- 
sance of its importance as "a port of trade," and railroad and capi- 
tal are to make of "The Town Land at Proctors" what leo:islativc 
enactments, surveyor's plats and commissioners' warrants could not ac- 
complish. 



V 



CHAPTER XXXII. 

The First American Theatre Erected in 
Annapolis. 

1752—1887. 

The first theatre in America was built at Annapolis. In the Maryland 
Gazette, of June 18th, 1752, appeared the following advertisement: 

"By permission of his honor the president, (Benjamin Tasker, Esq., 
then president or governor of the province,) at the new theatre in 
Annapolis, by the company of comedians from Virginia,, on Monday 
next, being the 22nd of this instant, will be performed, "The Beggars' 
Opera," likewise farce, called the "Lying Valet." to begin precisely 
at 7 o'clock. Tickets to be had at the printing office." Box 10 s. 
pit Is. Gd. No person to be admitted behhid the scenes." 

The principal performers appear to have been Messrs. Wyrill, Her- 
bert, Eyanson, Kean, and Miss Osborne. The company played whilst 
in Annapolis, "The Busy Body," "Beaux Stratagem,*" "Recruiting 
Officer,". "London Merchant," "Cato," "Richard III," and otlier 
dramas. This com])any afterward pe;-formed at [,^ppor Marll)orough 
and Piseataway, on the Western Shore, and at Chesteitown, on the Eas- 
tern. 

At the same time the Virginia company was here, Mr. Richard 
Bucknell and company exhibited some curious wax figures, represent- 
ing the Queen of Hungary silting on her throne, and the Duke, her 
son, and courtiers in attendance. In 17G0, the Gazette announced 
that "by permission of his Excellency, the Govenior, a theatre is 
erecting in this city which will be opened soon by a company of come- 
dians who are now*at Chester Town." This company arrived March 
3rd, and Ijcgan performing the same evening. Tliey remained until 
May 12th. 

The following show the dramas performed in tliat period : 

Plays. Farces. 

March o. Orphans. Lethe, or Esop in 

the Shades. 
" G. Recruiting Officer. ^[iss in her Teens. 

" S. Venice Preserved. Mock-Doctor. 

" 10. Richard III. King and the Mil- 



History of Annapolis 



147 



" 13. Provoked Husband. Stage Coach. 

" 15. Fair Penitent. Anatomist. 

" 20. Stratagem. Lethe. 

'* 22. George Barnwell. Lying Valet. 

" 24. Busy-Body. Mock-Doctor. 

" 27. Eevenge. Lying Valet. 

" 29. Bold Stroke for a Wife. Damon and Phil- 

lida. 
(In Passion week the Theatre was closed.) 
April 7. •••Romeo and Juliet. Stage Coach. 

" 8. Provoked Husband. 



'' Q. Othello. 

'' 10. Constant Couple. 

" 11. t Romeo and Juliet. 
*' 12. Suspicious Husband. 
April 14. Richard HI. (Ben of Mr. Douglass.) 
" 15. Fair Penitent. (Mr. Palmer.) 
" 16. Venice Preserved. (Mr. Murray.) 
" 17. Provoked Husband. (Mrs. Douglass.) 
" 19. Revenge. (Mr. Hallam.) 
" 22. Stratagem. (Mrs. and Miss Do wthaitt 
*' 23. Orphan. (Miss Crane and Comp.") 
24. Constant Couple. (Mr. Morris.) ' 
5. Douglass. (Mrs. A. Hallam.) 
8. Jew of Venice. (Mr. Morris.) 
12. Gamester. (Mr. Scott.) 
The company then went to Upper Marlboro' 



May 



Honest Yorkshire- 
man. 
Devil to Pay. 
King and the Mil- 
ler. 
Miss in her teens,. 
Mock-Doctor. 
Hob. 

Lying Valet. 
Devil to Pay. 
Yorkshireman ^ 
Lethe. 
,) Lying Valet. 
Lethe. 

Yorkshireman. 
Virgin Unmasked 
Lethe. 
Toy Shop, 
and played several 

On Saturday, the 18th of February, 1769, a new theatre was opened 
by the American company of comedians with Romeo and Juliet. 
The company then consisted of Messrs. Hallam, Jefferson, Verling, 
Wall, Darby, Morris, Parker, Godwin, Spencer, Page, Walker, Os- 
borne, and Burdett, Mrs. Jones, Walker, Osborne, Burdett, Maione, 
Parker and Mrs. Hallam. This company was held in high estimation 
in Annapolis, and especially for its performance of Richard III. 
Miss Hallam excited the admiration of the poets, and the Muse's flame 
was kindled in her honor. One of the stanzas to this star of the 
stage ran : 

' 'Around her, see the Graces play, 

See Venus' Wanton Doves, 
And in her Eye's Pellucid Ray, 
See little Laughing Loves. 
Ye Gods ! 'Tis Cytlierea's Face." 
It was this theatre that- Mr. Eddis, the ever-faithful chronicler^ so 
quaintly described in his letter dated from Annapolis, November 2nd, 
1771,_and printed in the preceding chapter : 

This theatre stood on tlie present site of the Adams Express Office, 
West Street, and was pulled down over fifty years agO to make room 
for the present building, which was erected by the Hutton Brothers, 
isawagon manufactory. 
* -'T^omeo, by ayouuir gentleman for his diversion." 
t "\Vitli the funeral procession of Juliet, to the moaument of Capuletts." 



148 ''The Ancient City.''" 

The theatre in Annapolis was the miniature of the progress of 
dramatic art the world over. Here was the devotion to actresses and 
here was displayed their haughty tyranny when their royal highnesses 
were displeased by an exacting and capricious public. This hauteur 
was pointedly evinced on the last night of a season's performances by 
the Old American Company of Comedians. During the evening the 
audience desired a Mrs. Henry to perform some part of the programme 
which she refused to do. A local correspondent wrote to the Gazette 
that "pity it is that being so well satisfied with the company in gen- 
eral, the Annapolitans should at last have their indignation excited 
by the contemptuous and ungrateful behavior of ]Mrs. Henry, who not 
only obstinately refused to gratify them in the only way in which she is 
superiorly qualified to please, but had not even the compliance to 
offer an apology for denying their request. But if we regret that our 
good humor should, at length, have been tired out by the insolence of 
this princess, we lament still more feelingly that our displeasure should, 
even in appearance, have fallen on two performers so deservedly pos- 
sessed of our favor and esteem as Mrs. Morris and Mr. Wignell while 
the audience were bent on hearing Mrs. Henry sing." 
In 1828, another theatre was built of wood on Duke of Gloucester street, 
on the present site of the Presbyterian Church. The corner-stone of this 
theatre was laid on the 14th of August, 1828, by Richard I. Jones, 
Esq. A leaden box, containing a list of the names of the Building 
Committee, a copy of each of the newspapers printed in this city, and 
a copy of the will of General Washington, was deposited under it. An 
appropriate address was delivered by James F. Brice, Esq., in the 
presence of the Committee, and a respectable number of citizens, who 
had assembled to witness the ceremony. It is deserving of remark, 
that the stone used for the corner-stone of this edifice, was the corner- 
stone of the theatre which formerly stood on West street, and which 
was pulled down about 1818. 

Of this theatre Mr. David Ridgely wrote in 1841, it "is rarely opened 
not having votaries of the dramatic muse sufficient to sustain it even 
for a season." 

Annapolis since that period has had no regular theatre ; but is indebted 
to occasional visits of artists of genius, among them John E. Owens 
and Madame Jannescheck, with a plenitude of strolling companies of 
indifferent ability — whose place of performance is the Masonic Opera 
House. Tke amateur talent of Annapolis has been occasionally dis- 
played to the signal credit of performers and the pleasure of the pub- 
lic. Frequent dramatic performances at the Naval Academy have 
enlivened the monotonous duties of military life, and the exhibit of 
town-talent at the Masonic Opera House in 1879 and 1881 in the repro- 
duction of the cantatas of Belshazzer and Joseph reflected the high 
musical talent and dramatic skill of our citizens, and afforded unusual 
pleasure to large and cultivated audiences. 



History OF Anmapoli 14-9^ 

CHAPTER XXXIII. 
The Stamp Act in Annapolis. 

1765— 1T6G. 

Boston, on the 14th of August, 1765, hung and burned the effigies of 
Bute and Greville. Thirteen days later Annapohs to show its "detes- 
tation of, and abhorrence to, some late tremendous attacks on liberty 
and their dislike to a certain late arrived officer, a native of this 
province r' "curiously dressed up the figure of a man, which they 
placed in a one-horse cart, male-factor like, with some sheets of paper 
m his hands before his face. In that manner they paraded through 
the streets of the town, till noon, the liell at the same time tolling a 
solemn knell, when they proceeded to the hill, and after giving it the 
Mosaic Law at the whipping-post, placed it in the pillory, from whence 
thev took it and hung it on a gibbet, there erected for that purpose, 
and set fire to a tar-barrel underneath and burnt it till it fell into the 
barrel. By the many significant nods of the head, while in the cart, 
it may be said to have gone off very penitently." 

The proceedings were under the direction of "a considerable num- 
ber of people" calling themselves "Asserters of British American 
privileges," who- had assembled from all parts of the State, amongst 
them being that bold and aggressive spirit, Samuel Chase— in 1776, 
one of the signers of the Declaration of Independance from Maryland. 
The man who was the appointed instrument of oppression for Mary- 
land, was a native and merchant of Annapolis, one Zachariah Hood, 
who happened to be in London at the time the stamp act was passed, 
and who, thus early at court, and too far from home to know the dangers 
of the office he desired to fill, sought and received the royal gift. 
McMahon photographs him in one sentence : "He was a willing instru- 
ment in the hands of a tyrannical ministry for the oppression of the 
people amongst whom he was born and had lived." 

The announcement of this appointment was made in a letter from 
London, published in the Gazette of August 22nd, 1765. "We are 
credibly informed," says the writer, "thatZ h H d, late a so- 
journing merchant of the city of Annapolis ; but, at present, Z h 

H d. at St. James', has, for his many eminent services to the King 

and country during the late war, got the commission of Distributor of 
the stamps of that province. This gentleman's conduct is highly ap- 
proved of here by all Court-cringing politicians, since he is supposed 
to have wisely considered that if his country must be stamped, the 
blow would be easier borne from a native, than a foreigner, who might 
not be acquainted with their manners and institutions." 

On the arrival of Hood in the latter part of August, or the first of 
September, with his stamps, he was met at the City Dock by the citi- 
zens of Annapohs who had repaired in a body to resist his landing. In 
this they were successful, and, in the scuffle which ensued, Mr. 
Thomas McXeir had his thigh broken— the first patriot injured in the 
struggle for American rights. The names of two others only who 
took part in this rally for liberty have come down to us. They were 
Mr. Charles Farris and Mr. Abraham Claude— the latter, the grand- 
father of our estimable Mayor, Dr. Abram Claude. The landing, pre- 
vented at the City Dock, was clandestinely made at another point. 



I.jO ' ' T h e a X c I e n t C 1 t y . ' ' 

Foiled ill one assault, the people made another. On the night of Sep- 
tember 2nd, three or four hundred people assembled in Annapolis, 
and pulled down a house which Hood was having repaired for the re- 
ception of a cargo of goods. Terrified at such suggestive proceedings 
at the hands of his former friends a!;d the populace generally, Hood 
intimated to Governor Sharpe that if he thought tliat liis resignation 
as stani]) distributor would reconcile his countrymen to him, and would 
advise him to take that step, he would throw up tlie commission of 
his tormenting office. Governor Sharpe was unwilling to take tliis re- 
sponsibility, and, as Hood and his relations felt that he would not be 
safe in liis or the Governor's house, he retired "for a few weeks to 
New York." Before he went, however, he declared the office had 
been solicited by Thomas Ringgold, a meml)er of the Legislature from 
Kent. Ivinggold indignantly denied this by advertisement in public 
print, and said if the office had been asked for him by any one, it was 
without his knowledge. In the same issue of the Gazetle, Benjamin 
Welsh gave public notice that he would 'pay no tax whatever but 
what is laid upon me by my representative." 

Hood did not purchase peace by flight. On the 28th of November, 
a party of citizens of the neighborhood, surrounded the house on Long 
Island, in which Hood was concealed. As escape was impossible, he 
"endeavored to excuse his conduct and desired liberty to relate his 
case, and read tiie letters he had wrote to reconcile himself to his in- 
censed country. The request was granted. He said that some con- 
siderable service tliat he had done or designed his country, together 
with his long al)sence from it and his friends, on his late return from 
England to Maryland, had given him expectations of the most agree- 
able and endearing reception, and the pleasing views of a genteel sub- 
sistence for life. But that on his arrival he was every way so totally 
disappointed that he was really an object of compassion rather than 
resentment — that he was obliged to leave all liis affairs in the greatest 
.confusion and fly for the preservation of his life. That his absence 
had occasioned great losses, and tliat his life was still in danger should 
he offer to return. That he had been in a state of continual painful 
anxiety ever since his arrival in America, that even his enemies might 
pity." He begged that he might resign upon his honor, without 
oath, and "that he might be allowed to hold his otTice if his coiuitry- 
men might hereafter desire it." Neither request was granted, and 
under threat of being delivered to the multitude. Hood agreed to exe- 
cute, and subsequently, did, under oath, a complete and abject resig- 
nation. 

The mob, its indignation now changed to gratification, cheered Hood 
and invitod him to an entertainment which he very naturally declined 
on the ground that "he was in such a frame of body and mind that he 
would be unha|)i)y in any company." 

Whilst the Annapolis stamp-officer was undergoing such severe 
treatment in New York, the citizens of liis native place remained as 
sincerely in earnest in their intention never to submit to the stamp- 
act as when they met Hood on the wharf of the City Dock and pre- 
vented his landing. 

On the J>lst of October, a supplement to the ^Maryland (ian'lfp ap- 
peared in deep mourning. The edit(n- aniuninced his intention of sus- 



History OF Annapolis. 151 

pending publication, rather than submit to the "intolerable and bur- 
thensome terms," imposed on all newspapers by the stamp-act, de- 
claring-, "The times are Dreadful, Dismal, Doleful, Dolorous, and 
DoUcrloss." 

On the 10th of December, "an apparition of the late Maryland 
Oazeffa''' ajipaarcd,^ the editor determining to resurrect his paper 
"under the firm belief that the odious stamp-act would never be car- 
ried into operation." He announced that the Gazette "shall be, as it 
liad been, sacred to liberty and consequently to virtue, religion, and 
the good and welfare of its country." Here was a noble example of 
the fearless and conscientious editor who, whilst receiving the patron- 
age of the crown offices, boldly defended the rights of the people. 

The attacks of the Gazette upon Parliament were incessant, and 
came often in pithy paragraphs and pointed allusions that carried 
greater weight than extended arguments. 

The final passage of the stamp-act it had conveyed to the people in 
this paragrapli : "Friday evening last, between nine and ten o'clock, 
we had a very smart thunder gust, which struck a house in one part 
of the town, and a tree in another. But we were more thnnderstruch 
last Monday, on the arrival of Capt. Joseph Richardson, in the ship 
Pitt, in six weeks from* Downs, with a certain account of the stamp-act 
being absolutely passed." 

The people of Maryland had never intended to submit to the stamp- 
act, and this determination culminated in March, 1766, when the 
"Sons of Liberty," from Baltimore, Kent and Anne Arundel coun- 
ties met at Annapolis and made a written application to the Chief 
Justice of the Provincial Court, the Secretary and Commissary-Gen- 
eral, and Judges of the Land Office, to open their respective offices, 
and to proceed as nsual in the execution of their duties. This request 
was granted and the stamp-act became a rigid corpse in Maryland. 

The presence of his Majesty Sloop Hawke, which arrived in Decem- 
ber, 1765, with the stamped paper for Maryland, did not cool the 
ardor of the patriots. There was no person to receive the paper, and 
Governor Sharpe had ignominiously to return three boxes of it to Eng- 
land bv a merchant ship, the Brandon, Capt. McLachlan, in Decem- 
ber, 17V)6. ^ "~ 

Hood himself afterward returned to Annapolis and conducted busi- 
ness without molestation. 

On the 5th of April, 1766, the glad news was received by express 
that the stamp-act had been repealed. The city responded to the 
good tidings, and the afternoon was spent by the people in mirth and 
congratulations, in Avhich "all loyal and patriotic toasts were drank." 

On the 11th of June, by proclamation of the Mayor, the day was 
given over to rejoicing and festivity on account of the "glorious 
news" of the absolute repeal of the stamp-act. At night the city was 
brilliantly illuminated. 

[1765.] A few nights after the mob destroyed Mr. Hood's intended 
residence in Annapolis, a British officer and a Mr. Hammond had a 
dispute about their prowess. Midnight was the hour, a public house 
the place, a large company the spectators. The disputants agreed to 
decide the debate by a bout at boxing. ]Mr. Hamm(md was worsted, 
ind so mucli so that he had to leave the company. Thereupon a cry 



153 ' ' T H E A N C I E N T C I T Y . " 

arose that Mr. Hammond had been killed by the olTicers. Whereupon 
a mob gathered, and the British officers of the Hornet, it seems lying off 
tlie town, were in danger of being murdered upon the strength of the 
false cry. The gentlemen of the town interferred, and the partici- 
])ants in the mob were afterward ashamed to acknowledge their con- 
nection with it. 



CHAPTER XXXIV. 
Gov. EdeN; of Maryland, the Last Kncjlish Gov- 
ernor TO Leave the Eevoeted Gotonies. 

1769—1776. 

Robert Eden became Governor of Maryland in 1760, under the 
grant of Charles the First to Lord Baltimore. He was alikr- the last 
of the proprietary Governors of Maryland and the last English Gov- 
ernor to leave the revolted Colonies. It was under his hospitable 
roof that Wa^^hington was guest when at Annapolis und where ho 
displayed that native dignity in conversation and broad liberality in 
opinion which so eminently distinguished his lofty character. 

It was in the lovely month of .Tune when (rQv. Eden landed. At 
this season the picturesque scenery of Annapolis is particularly beauti- 
ful. Oil the fifth of the month the ship bearing Gov. Eden, wife, and 
family arrived in the harbor. On coming to anclior the shi]) fired 
seven guns which number was returned l)y tlie citziens. In the 
afternoon when the Governor landed he was met ))y all the memliers 
of the Governor's Council then in town, and a groat number of citi- 
zens, the guns of the battery making the Severn resound with its 
salvo of welcome. On Tuesday morning, about ten o'clock, he went 
up to the council house, attended by his lordshijj's honorable council, 
where hi^ commission was open and published. 

Th'' royal Governor was a gentlemen, "easy of access, courteous to 
all, and fascinating by his accomplishments," and so t(K) !Mr. William 
l^]ddis found liim, for when he arrived in Anna|iolis, Se[)teinber ;>rd, 
1700, to take the position of Englisli Collector of Customs and mado 
his aj)i)e<irance before the Governor. He says : "JNFy reception was 
equal to my warmest wishes. The deportment of Governor Eden 
was open and friendly. He invited me to meet a i)arty at dinner, and 
1 took leave till the appointed hour, with a heart replete with joy and 
gratitude. On my return to the Governor, he introduced me, in 
the most obliging terms, to several persons of the liighest rcspecta- 
l)ility in the province. He treated me with the utmost kindness and 
cordiality ; as«?ured me of his strongest disposition to advance my fu- 
ture prosperity and gave an unlimited invitation to his hospitable 
table." 



History OF Annapolis. 153 

Not only to the select circle of a private company of his intimate 
friends did Governor Eden dispense his generous hospitality, but when 
the little city appeared in all its splendor on the annivei-sarv of the 
proprietary's birth, he "gave a grand entertainment on the occasion 
to a numerous party ; the company brought with them every disposi- 
tion to render each other happy : and the festivities concluded with 
cards, and dancing which engaged the a':tention of their respective 
votaries till an early hour." 

Although the Governor led in the festivities of the province, he was 
not unmindful of the weightier cares of State. Mr. Eddis, who 
spoke with the unction cf a grateful heart and sanguine temperament 
said of him : "He appears competent to the discharge of his impor- 
tant duty. Not only in the summer, but during the extreme rigour 
of an American winter, it is his custom to rise early ; till the hour of 
dinner he devotes the whole of his time to provincial concerns ; the 
meanest individual obtains an easy and immediate access to his person ; 
he investigates, with accuracy, the complicated duties of his station _; 
and discovers, upon every occasion, alacrity in the dispatch of busi- 
ness ; and a perfect knowledge of the relative connexions of the 
country." 

Not only was Gov. Eden moved by motives of principle and personal 
welfare to promote the well-being of the province, but being a brother- 
in-law of Lord Baltimore, his family interests urged him to make the 
commonwealth prosperous. He was not wanting in any public enter- 
prise to further the happiness of the province. A patron of the 
drama, it was by his liberal example, sufficient funds were raised to 
erect a theatre in Annapolis on a commodious plan. He was beside 
the friend of education, and through his exertions a Seminary was es- 
tablished "which as it will be conducted under excUent regulations, 
will shortly preclude the necessity of crossing the Atlantic for the 
completion of a classical and i-»olite education." 

In June, 1774. Governor Eden made a visit to England. He re- 
turned early in November. 

In the meantime the Peggy Stewart had been burned. 

On the 8ch of November, Eddis wrote : "The Governor is returned 
to a land of trouble.. He arrived about ten this morning in perfect 
health. He is now commenced an actor on a busy theatre : his part 
a truly critical one. To stem the popular torrent, and to conduct his 
measures with consistency, will require the exertion of all his faculties. 
The present times demand superior talents, and his, I am persuaded, 
will be invariably directed to promote the general good. Hitherto 
liis conduct has secured to hiin a well-merited popularity ; and his re- 
turn to the province has been expected with an impatience which suf- 
ficiently evinces the sentiments of the public in his favor." 

The bearing of the Governor during this trying period is described 
by his ever faithful admirer, Eddis, who, March 1.3, 177o, wrote — "It 
is with pleasure I am able to assert, that a greater degree of modera- 
tion appears to predominate in this province, than in any other on the 
continent, and I am perfectly assured we are very materially indebted 
for this peculiar advantage to the collected and consistent conduct of 
o^^r Governor, whose views appear solely directed to advance the in- 
terests of the community ; and to preserve, by every possible method, 
the public tranquility. ' ' 



154 "The Ancient City. " 

On May lo, Mr. Eddis wrote : "The Governor continues to stand 
fair witli tlic people of this province ; our public prints declare him 
to be tlie only jjerson, in his station, who, in these tumultuous times, 
has given the administration a fair and impartial representation of im- 
portant occurrences ; and I can assert, with the strictest regard to 
truth, that he conducts himself in his arduous department, with an 
Invariable attention to the interest of his royal master, and the es- 
sential welfare of the ])rovinc^ over which he has the honor to pre- 
side." 

When the regulation went forth that all must join the association 
against British importation and for kindred measures of opposition. 
Gov. Eden and his family alone were accepted. 

September 2()th, Mr. Eddis found the Governor in company with a 
few select loyal friends ; where "political occurrences engrossed their 
conversation in which hope appeared to operate but weakly, with re- 
spect to the eventful transactions of the times." 

There was one proof in spite of the Governor's title and popularity, 
that he, after all, was but a royal prisoner with a show of authority — 
all his letters had to pass the ordeal of examination by the provincial 
authorities. He continued, however, "to receive every external mark 
of attention and resj)eet : while the steady ])ropriety of his conduct 
in many trying exigencies, reflected the utmost credit on his modera- 
tion and miderstanding." 

But the times were growing too troublous for matters to remain in 
this placid state with tlie Governor. In tlie early part of A])ril, 17T(), 
a vessel containing a packet of letters from Lord George Germaine, 
Secretary of State for tlie American Department, was seized by an 
armed vessel in the provincial service. 

Lord George Germaine' s letters acknowledged the imjiortant infor- 
mation which the administration had received from the governor, who 
was as^^ured "of his Majesty's entire approbation of his conduct ; and 
was directed to proceed in the line of his duty with all possible ad- 
dress and activity." 

This packet was forwarded to General Lee, who had the command 
of the southern district, by whom it was immediately dispatched to 
Maryland, with a strong recommendation to seize the person of the 
governor, together with all jiajjcrs and documents of olhce ; by which 
it w;as ])resmned some important discoveries would be made of minis- 
terial intentions. 

The council of safety acted on this critical occasion with the ut- 
most nnderation and delicacy. Governor Eden, by the allability of 
his manners and his evident disposition to promote the interests of 
the i)roviiu'e, had conciliated universal regard. They, therefore, 
avoided proceeding with tliat i)recipitate vigour so strenuously en- 
joined ; and only re(|uir(>d liim to give his parole, tliat lie would not 
take any measures for leaving the continent, till after the meeting of 
the next convention. 

This retpiisition the governor, for some time, warmly resisted ; but. 
on conviction that the measure was unavoidable, he thought it neces- 
sary to comply ; therefore, on the sixteenih of April, gave every satis- 
factory assurance. 

On the seventh of May, the convention as.serabled, and on the 2:kl. * 
came to a determination respecting the Governor, when it was 
resolved, "that his longer continuance in the province, at so critical 



History OF Annapolis. 155 

a period, iiiig-ht be jn-ejudicial to the cause in which the colonies were 
unanimously engafjed ; and that, therefore, his immediate departure 
for England was' absolutely necessary." An address was aceordingly 
directed to be drawn up, a.nd presented to his excellency, which was 
delivered to him the next evening hj a committee of that body. 

In this address the sentiments of the convention were expressed in 
liberal terms ; they acknowledged the services re- dered l)y the gover- 
nor to the country, on many former occasions ; and they expressed 
the warmest wishes, that "when the unhappy disputes which at pres- 
ent prevail, are constitutionally accommodated, he may speedily re- 
turn and re-assume the renis of government." 

The Continental Congress urged the seizure of Gov. Eden's person, 
and the Virginia convention passed the following resolutions against 
the convention of Maryland : 

"Resolved unanimously, That theCnmmittee of Safety be directed 
to write a letter to the President of the Convention of Maryland, in 
answer to his letter of the twenty-fifth instant, expressing the deep- 
est concern at the proceedings of that Convention, respecting Gover- 
nor Eden ; and our reasons foi' not becoming accessary thereto, by 
giving him a passport through this colony, of the bay adjoining : that 
we would with reluctance, in any cause, intermeddle in the affairs of 
a sister colony, but in this matter we are much interested ; and the 
Convention of Maryland, by sendii:g their proceedings to the Com- 
mittee of Safety, has made it the duty of the Convention, to declare 
their sentiments thereon. 

"That considering the letter from Lord George Gcrmaine to Gover- 
nor Eden, in which his whole conduct, and confidential letters are ap- 
proved : and he is directed to give facility and assistance to the opera- 
tion of Lord Dunmore, against Virginia, we are at a loss to account for 
the Council of Safety of Maryland, for their having neglected to seize 
him, according to the reconniiendation of the general Congress, and 
more so for the Convention having promoted his passage, to assist in 
our destruction, under pretence of his retiring ;,o England, which we 
conceive from the above letter, he is not at liberty to do, that suppos- 
ing he should go to Britain it appears to us, that such voyage, with 
the address presented to him, will enable him to assume the character 
of a public agent, and by promoting division amongst the colonies, 
produce consequences of most fatal to the American cause, that as 
the reasons assigned for his departure: "That he must obey the 
ministerial mandates while remaining in his government," are 
very unsatisfactory, when the Convention declare, that "in his 
absense, the government, in its old form, will devolve on the 
President of the Council of State," who will be undei" equal 
obligation to ®bey such mandates. We cannot avoid imputing 
these proceedings to some undue hifluence of Governor Eden, under 
the mask of friendship to America, and of the proprietary in- 
terest of Maryland, whereby the members of that Convention were 
betrayed into a vote of fatal tendency to the common cause, and, we 
fear, to this country in particular, and feel it an indispensible duty, 
to warn the good people of that })rovince against the proprietary 
influence." 

"EuM. Pexdletox. President. 
"John Tazwell, Clk. Convention." 



l06 ^ ^ T H E A N G 1 E N T C I T Y . " 

The appeal of Virginia to seize Gov. Eden, of Maryland, added to 
the violence of the people : and the Whig club of Baltimore loudly- 
proclaimed the absolute necessity to capture the Governor, as a pledge 
of public safely, and it was asserted that a plan. was in agitation to 
accomplish that purpose in defiance of the legislature. Gov. Eden 
did not appear concerned, but relied on the honor of the convention 
which had solemnly pledged hig safe departure. 

On Sunday, June 23, 1776, the frigate Fowey, Capt. George Mon- 
tague, arrived for Gov. Eden, and the first Lieutentant of the ship 
came on shore with a flag of truce. Every moment now brought 
changes, the militia were under arms, and, a general confusion pre- 
vailed. 

Under date of June 29, 1776, Mr. Eddis wrote from Annapolis : 

"Till the moment of the governor's embarkation on the 23d, there 
was every reason to apprehend a change of disposition to his prejudice. 
Some few were even clamorous for his detention. But the council of 
safety, who acted under a resolve of the convention, generously rati- 
fied the engagements of that body ; and after they had taken an af- 
fectionate leave of their late supreme magistrate, he was conducted 
to the barge with every mark of respect due to the elevated station 
he had so worthily filled. 

•'A few minutes before his departure, I received his strict injunc- 
tions to be steady and cautious in the regulation of my conduct ; and 
not to abandon my situation, on any consideration, until absolutely 
discharged by an authority which might, too pro))ably, be erected on 
the ruins of the ancient constitution. I promised the most implicit 
attention to his salutary advice ; and rendered my grateful acknowl- 
edgements for the innumerable obligations he had conferred on me ; 
at the same time I offered my most fervent wishes that his future hap- 
piness might be full proportion to the integrity of his conduct, and 
the benevolence of his mind. 

•'In about an hour the V)arge reached the Fowey, and the governor 
was received on board under a discharge of cannon : his baggage and 
provisi:-ns were left on shore, to be forwarded in the course of the en- 
suing day. 

"During the night, some servants, and a soldier belonging to the 
Maryland regiment, found means to escape en board his ^lajesty's 
shij), which being almost immediately discovered, a fl^ag was sent oflf, 
with a message to Captain Montague, demanding the restitution of 
the men, previous to any further communication. 

"Captain Montague, in rej^ly, acquainted the council of safety, 
"that he could not, consistently with his duty, deliver up any persons 
who, as sul)jects of his Britannic ^[ajesty, had fled to him for refuge 
and protection ; he had strictly given it in charge to such officers as 
might be sent on shore, not to bring ofl: any of the inhabitants with- 
out the express permission of the ruling powers; but that the case 
was extremely different respecting those who had, even at hazard of 
life, given evidence of their attachment to the ancient constitution.' 

"This message not being deemed satisfactory, a letter was dis- 
patched to the governor demanding his interference in this critical 
business, with an intimation, that the detention of the men would be 
considered as a manifest breach of the regulation under which flags 
of truce are established. 



History OF Annapolis. 157 

"Governor Eden received the officer which proper attention, but re- 
plied, he had only to observe, that on board his Majesty's ship, he had 
not the least authority ; and that Captain Montague was not to be 
influenced by his opinion, as he acted on principles which he con- 
ceived to be strictly consistent with the line of his duty. 

''The event of this negotiation was disagreeable in its consequence 
to the governor. The populace were exceedingly irritated, and it was 
thought expedient not only to prohibit all further intercoui-se with the 
Fowey, but also to detain the various stores which the governor had 
provided for his voyage to Europe. This resolution was intimated in 
express terms ; and, on the evening of the 24th, Captain Montague 
weighed anchor, and stood down the bay, for his station on the coast 
of Virginia." 

The property, the Governor had left behind, was confiscated. In 
1783, he returned to Annapolis to obtain the restitution of his prop- 
erty. He died soon after his arrival in the house now owned and oc- 
cupied by the Sisters of Notre Dame, on Shipwright street. He was 
buried, says Mr. Ridgely, "under the pulpit of the Episcopal Church 
on the north side of Severn within two or three miles of this place. 
This church was some years since burned down." 

I have tried by diligent inquiry to locate this church. The nearest 
approach to the truth is found in the fact that, on the farm of Mrs. 
Wnichester, near the track of the Annapolis and Baltimore Short Line 
Railroad, is an ancient graveyard — the site of an Episcopal Church 
that was burned down nearly a hundred years ago. There is a grave 
in this cemetery, marked by a cross of bricks — and the tradition is 
that an English Lord lies buried here. It would not take many 
repetitions of oral history to change an English Governor to an Eng- 
lish Lord. 



CHAPTER XXXV. 

Shipyards, Race Coueses, and Indians. 

In 1747, a large ship, belonging to Mr. William Roberts, was built, 
launched, and called after the names of its builders the "Rumney and 
Long." This is the year a shipload of rebels commonly called "the 
King's passengers," were landed in Annapolis. 

The first shipyard, of which there is any record, was located a few 
feet below the culvert on Northwest street where it crosses Calvert. 
The cove then made up beyond the jail. Its name has been lost and 
the water has receded a quarter of a mile since then. 

In other sections of the city the water has given place to land — 
notably where a cove came up Ch«rch street as far as Mr. James 
Munroe's store, and there is a lady living who has heard a gentleman 
say he used to tie his boat to a stake driven at the foot of Green street. 



158 " T H E A N C I E N T C I T Y . " 

UoUand street and the property adjacent to the oyster-houses between 
Prince George and Hanover streets are evidences that made ground 
grows very fast under an impetus of business or improvement. 

The owner of the Rumney and Long built and lived in the house 
now owned by Mrs. A. Owen Iglehart. He had a blacksmith's shop 
north of his residence, on which was a steeple in which was the only 
bell of the city until St. Anne's arrived — the one tradition says was 
presented by Queen Anne, and which was destroyed by fire in 1858. 
Below this shop were sailmakers' lofts, and other workshops necessary 
in shipbuilding. Messrs. Kirkwell and Blackwell. ship-builders, were 
also in his employ. 

Tradition tells us, that they built the ''Brig, Lovely Xancy" — at 
the launch of which the following incident occurred : ''She was on 
the stocks, and the day appointed to place heron her destined element, 
a large concourse of persons assembled to witness the launch, among 
whom was an old white woman named Sarah McDciniel, who professed 
fortune-telling, and was called 'a witch.' She was heard to remark — 
•The Lovely Xancy will not see water today.' The brig moved 
finely at first, and when expectation was at its height to see her ghde 
into the water, she suddenly stopped, and could not be again moved 
on that day. This occurrence created much excitement amongst the 
spectators ; and Captain Slade and the sailors were so fully persuaded 
that she had been 'bewitched,' that they resolved to duck the old 
woman. In the meantime she had disappeared from the crowd ; they 
kept up the search for two or three days, during which time she lay 
concealed in a house." 

'•The 'Lovely Xancy,' did afterwards leave the stocks, and is said 
to have made several prosperous voyages. 

"Tnere was, at a later period, another shipyard on the Southwest 
side of the city, at the termination of Charles street, where the 'Ma- 
tilda,' and the 'Lady Lee' were launched — the first was owned by 
Samuel Chase, Esq., and the latter Ijy Governor Lee."* 

At the foot of Maryland Avenue, about 1840, Benjamin Linthicum 
built the Severn, a large schooner, for John S. Selby, an Annapolis 
merchant. It was a very fine vessel. Ship-building has since gradually 
declined in Annapolis. There was a small shipyard near the Xorth- 
cast side of the dock in which bay craft were built, and one on the 
Southwest side. The first commenced about the year 1850, and con- 
tinued to 18G0. It was also owned, by Benjamin Linthicum. The 
3Iarine Railway, now owned by Haller and Matzon, was the out- 
growth and continuance of Linthicum's shipyard. 

About 1750, a jockey club was established at Annapolis, consisting 
of many "principal gentlemen in this, and in the adjacent provinces, 
many of whom in order to encourage the ])reed of the noble animal, 
imported from England, at a very great expense, horses of high repu- 
tation." This club existed for many years. "The races at Annapo- 
lis were generally attended by a great concourse of spectators, many 
coming from the adjoining colonies. Considerable sums were bet' on 
these occasions. Subscri[)tion purses of a hundred guineas were for a 
long time the highest amount run for, but subsequently were greatly 
increased. The day of the races usually closed with balls, or theatri- 
. al amusements." The race course at this time and for many years 

• AnnaJs of .\unapolis, p. 119. 



History of Annapolis. 159 

iifter, was located on that part of the city just beyond Mr. Seyere's 
blacksmith shop, embracing a circle of one mile, taking m all that 
portion of the town now occupied by the Annapolis, Washington and 
Baltimore railroad depot and the lands adjacent. 

Severe's blacksmith shop stood where Henry B. Myers feed ware- 
house and coal yard, on Calvert street, are now located. 

On the 20th of September, in 1750. a race was run on this course 
between governor Ogle's Bay Gelding, and CoL Plater's Grey Stallion, 
and won by the foru.er. For next dav six horses started, Mr. Watsrs 
horse Parrott, winning, dis.tancing several of the running horses. ^ "On 
the same ground some vears after, Dr. Hamilton's 'horse Figure, won 
a purse of fifty pistoles— beating two, and distancing three others. 
'Fi"-ure' was a horse of great renutation— it is stated of him that, "he 
hacf won many fifties— and in 'the year 1763, to have received pre» 
miums at Preston and Carlisle, in Old England, where no horse would 
enter against him— he never lost a race." Subsequently, the race 
course was removed to a field some short distance beyond the city, on 
which course some of the most celebrated horses ever known in America 
have run. It was on this latter course tliat Mr. Bevans' bay horse 
"Oscar," so renowned in the annals of the turf, first ran. Oscar was 
bred on Mr. Ogle's farm near this city— he won many races, and in 
the fall of 1808, it is well remembered, he beat Mr. Bond's "First 
Consul" on the Baltimore course, who had challenged the continent- 
running the second heat in 7 m. 40 s., wiiich speed had never been 

"Old Ranter" was "Oscar's" great, great, grand sire. _ 

To these races Gen. Washington used to repair, and m his diary 
naively recounts his gains on the bets on the successful pacers. 

These stirring seasons have long since ceased to occur — and the 
memory of them no more excites the garrulity of tradition. In 1884,. 
an attempt was made to revive the race course, in conjunction with 
agricultural fair grounds ; but the effort was abortive. 

Twenty-one years later, 1771, "The Saint Tamina Society,' was m- 
au^nirated in Annapolis, and continued its anniversary celebrations for 
many years. The first day of May was set apart in memory of "Samt 
Tamina," whose history, like those of other venerable saints, is lost 
in fable and uncertainty. It was usual on the morning of this day, 
for the members of the society to erect in some public situation m the 
city, a "May-pole," and to decorate it in a most tasteful manner, 
with wild fl.owers gathered from the adjacent woods, and forming 
themselves in a ring around it, hand in hand, perform the Indian war 
dance, with many other custom.s which they had seen exhibited by 
the chilcTren of the forest. It was also usual on this day for such ot 
the citizens, who chose to enter into the amusement, to wear a piece of 
buck's-tail in their hats, or in some conspicuous part of their dress, 
"The first lottery drawn in this province," was at Annapolis, on 
the 21st September, 1753, for the purchase of a "town clock, and 
clearing the dock. ' ' The highest prize 100 pistoles— tickets half a pis- 
tole. The managers were Benjamin Tasker, Jr., George Stewart, 
Walter Dulany, and ten other gentlemen of this place. 

On the 11th of August, of this year, Horatio Sharpe, Esq., governor 
of the province, arrived here, in the ship Molly, Captain Nicholas 
Coxen, from London. 
-5- Ridgely's Annals of Annapolis. 



IGO "The AxciENT City. ' ' 

In September, (17.")o,) seveml companies nnder the command of 
Captain Dagwonhy, Jjieutenants Forty and Bacon, marched from An- 
napolis aj2;ainst the French on the Ohio. 

On the od April, 1755, General Braddock, Governor Dinwiddie and 
Connnodore Keppel arrived here, on their way to Virginia. On 
the 1 1th and r2th of the same month, there arrived Governor Sherley, of 
Boston, Governor De Lancy. of New Yoric, and Governor Morris, of 
Philadelphia, with a number of distinguished gentlemen. They left 
here accompanied by Governor Sharpe, for Alexandria, and on the 17th 
they returned to Annapolis on their way to their respective govern- 
ments. A few days after, Governor Sharpe set out for Frederick 
Town. 

This period, which just preceded the defeat of General Braddock, 
near Fort Du Queen, appears to have been a busy time with their ex- 
cellencies. 

On the 29th of September, of this year. Dr. Charles Carroll departed 
tliis life, aged sixty-four years — he had resided in Annapolis about 
forty years. For some years after his coming to this city, he ' 'practised 
physic with good success ; but laying that aside, he commenced tradr 
and merchandise, })j which he amassed a very considerable fortune." 
In 1737, he was chosen a member to the Lower House of Assem))ly, 
in which station he is said to have spared no pains or application to 
render himself servjcealtle to the country and his constituents, to the 
time of his death. lie is represented to have been "a gentleman of 
good sense and breeding, courteous and affable," and was held in high 
esteem by his fellow -citizens. Dr. Carroll owned all of the ground on 
the lower part of Church street, on the South side, extending back to 
tlie Duke of Gloucester street. 

Mr. Green says in his Gazette of the 6th of November, of this year, 
"we are now about entrenching the town. If the gentlemen, in the 
neighborhood of Annapolis, were to send their forces to assist in it, a 
few days would complete the work." 

This measure, it would seem, was taken by the citizens, in con- 
sequence of the "dreadful murders and massacres" committed 
by the French and Indians upon the border country, and se- 
rious apprehensions were entertained by the inhabitants that 
Annapolis would fall into the hands of their "politic, cruel, and 
cunning enemies." It was asserted by a writer for the Gazette, 
that the Indians "were but little way from the city, and that so entire 
was their defenceless situation, that even a small party of twenty or 
thirty Indians, by marching in the night and skulking in the day 
time, might come upon them unawares in the dead of night, burn 
their houses, and cut their throats, before they could put themselves 
in a posture of defence." Other writers of the day, seemed to think 
that there was no more danger of "Annapolis being attacked by the 
Indians than London." The fears of the inhabitants were soon quieted, 
by the return of several gentlemen who had gone as volunteers to the 
■westward, and who reported they had seen no Indians, except one, 
and he was "very quiet," for they found him dead. 

The last Indians to visit Annapolis lived on the Potomac river. 
Their name has not come down to us. They exchanged their lauds 
with the Calvert family for lands in Baltimore county where game was 
more plentiful, and, as the white population advanced, the tribe re- 



History OF Anitapolis. 



161 



tired to the Susquehanna. The Eastern sliore tribes occasionally 
visited Annapolis, and as late as 1840, there where some few residents 
•of Annapolis who remembered the visits of King Abraham and his 
^ueen Sarah. 



CHAPTER XXXVI. 
The Third State House in Annapolfs. 

1772—1887. 




The Third ^tate House. Corner Stone laid March 28, 1772. 

In 1769, the Legislature appropriated £7,500 sterling to build the 
present State House. The building committee was Daniel Dulany, 
Thomas Johnson, John Hall, William Paca, Charles Carroll, Barris- 
ter, Lancelot Jacques, and Charles Wallace. The majority were em- 
powered to contract with workmen, and to purchase materials, and 
were authorized to draw on the dual treasurers of the State for what- 
ever further sums might be required to complete the building. 

The foundation stone of the State House was laid on the 28th of 
March, 1772, by Governor Eden. 

In 1773, a copper roof was put on the State House, and in 1775, 
this roof was blown ofE. The Market House of the city was demolished 
by the same equinoctial gale, during which the tide rose three feet 
perpendicularly above the common level. 

The dome was not added to the State House until after the revolu- 
tion. 

11 



102 ' ' T 11 E A N C 1 EN T C I T Y. " ' 

The dimensious of the State House are : 

Feet.- 

From the platform to the cornice, about 36 

" " cornice to top of arc, of roof 23 

" " top of the roof to the cornice of the facade of the 

dome , 30 

" " cornice to the band above the elliptical windows— 24 

This terminates the view int-ernally 113 

From the band to the balcony , 22 

Height of the turret 17 

From the cornice of the turret to the floor of the campa- 

nelle, or lantern G 

Height of the carapanelle, or lantern 14 

Height of the pedestal and acorn 10 

Height of the spire 18—87 

Entire height, 200 

Diameter of the dome, at its base 40 

do. balcony 30 

do. turret 17 

do. campanelle, or lantern 10 

do. acorn 3 8 in. 

Length of the front of the building 120 

Depth, (exclusive of the octagon, ) 82 

The architect was Joseph Clarke. Thomas Danoe who executed the 
stucco and fresco work, fell from the scafiEold just as he had finished 
the centre piece, and was killed. 

The State House is situated upon a marked elevation in the centre 
of Annapolis. The eminence rises in gradual terraces to the edifice, 
which, though simple in architecture, has a lofty and majestic ap- 
pearance, and has in all times "elicited alike the admiration of the 
citizen, the sojourner, and the stranger for the beauty of its structure." 
The main building is of brick, the dome of wood. From the dome 
of the State House, 125 feet from the top of the Hill, a most delight- 
ful view is obtained. The majestic Chesapeake and a hundred tribu- 
taries, their bosoms covered with endless varieties of busy water craft ; 
the ancient city ; its environs ; the Naval Academy — its ships of war ; — 
the contiguous country with its sloping hills and variegated plains, for 
an extent of thirty miles, gratify the eye of the deliglited spectator. 

The main entrance of the State House is through a modest porch* 
facing southeast. It opens into a spacious hall, beautifully ornamented 
with stucco work wliieh was made from plaster l)rought from St. 
Mary's coimty. 

On the right hand is the Senate Chamber, 30 by 40 feet. Its ceiling 
and walls are handsomely ornamented, and rich carpets cover its 
floors. It has accommodations for twenty-six Senators, and a contracted 
lobby gives room (ov a small number of auditors. Portraits at full 
length of Charles Carroll, of Carrollton, Samuel Chase, Wilham Paca, 
and Thomas Stone, signers of the Declaration of Independence from 
Maryland, adorn the walls. 

In 1870, this chamber was improved by onler of the Board of Pub- 
lic Works. The old gallery that linked the room with the great past 
was torn dowuand carried to the cellar, and the State acquiesced m a 
profanation it had never ordered. 



i 



History OF Annapolis. 163 

In the room adjoining the Senate is a portrait of the elder Pitt, in 
which Lord Chatham is represented at full length in the attitude and 
costume of a Roman orator — decorated with emblems of his lofty prin- 
ciples. This portrait was painted by Charles Wilson Peale whilst in 
England and presented by him, in 1794, to the State. 

The Senate Chamber's highest title to renown is that in it Washing- 
ton resigned his Military Commission after the Revolution, and became 
again a civilian. In this room also was ratified by Congress in 1784, 
the treaty of peace with Great Britain, which treaty recognized Ameri- 
can Independence. 

In September, 1786, at the suggestion of General Washington, it is 
thought, as the scheme was concerted at Mt. Vernon, a convention 
assembled at Annapolis to propose measures to maintain harmonious 
commercial relations between the States. This body met in the Senate 
Chamber. Five States were represented. The Commissioners who 
arrived were from 

New York — Alexander Hamilton and Egbert Benson. 
New Jersey— Abraham Clark, William C. Houston, and James 
Schureman. 
Pennsylvania — Tench Coxe. 

Delaware— George Readj^, John Dickinson, Richard Bassett. 
Virginia — Edmund Randolph, James Madison, Jr., and St. George 
Tucker. 

Hamilton made the report that was adopted by the convention. It 
proposed to the several States the convocation of a convention to take 
into consideration the situation of the United States. 

The Annapolis convention was the parent of the great convention of 
1787, that framed the federal constitution. 
***' On the left of the rotunda is the Hall of the House of Delegates. It 
has seating capacity for 91 members. Three small lobbies give ac- 
commodations for visitors. On the Northeastern wall hangs a paint- 
ing, representing Washington, attended by General LaFayette and 
Col. Tilghman his Aides-de-camp, and the Continental Army passing 
in review. In Washington's hands are the articles of capitulation at 
Yorktown. This picture was painted by Charles Wilson Peale in pur- 
suance of a resolution of the Legislature, and is one of the best por- 
traits extant of the immortal Virginian. 

Opposite the entrance of the State House is the Library, containing, 
duplicates included, 80,000 volumes. These are chiefly works on law and 
public documents, but a handsome proportion of them is a valuable 
collection of works on art, science, history, and fiction. The library 
was established in 1834, and the building was enlarged in 1859. Be- 
fore the inauguration of the State Library, the room, occupied at its 
establishment, had been used by the General Court of Maryland. In 
1804, that court was abolished. 

On the second floor to the left of the staircase is the suite of rooms 
occupied by the Court of Appeals. On the right of the stairway the 
room of the Adjutant General (formerly the State Armory,) the pri- 
vate office of the Governor, and the Executive Chamber are located. 
In the Executive Chamber the portrait of George Calvert, the first 
Lord Baltimore and England's Secretary of State under James and 
Charles, is seen. It is a copy from the painting by Mytens, now in the 
gallery of the Earl of Varulam at Glastenbury, England — and was 
presented to the State by John W. Garrett, of Baltimore, as a result 



164 * 'The Ancient City. ' ' 

of the researches and efforts of Mr. F. B. Mayer, of Aiiiia})olis, to in- 
augurate a gallery of the Governors of Maryland. A full length por- 
trait of Charles, tliird Lord Baltimore, was exchanged by the city of 
Annapolis for the six portraits of Governors Paca, Smallwood, Stone, 
Sprigg, Johnson, and Plater. These with the full length of Frederick, the 
sixth and last Lord Baltimore, and a recent gift of a portrait of Governor 
Robert Wright, and one of John Eager Howard, are the only portraits 
of her Governors owned by the State. 

In the Senate Chamber is a large picture l)y Edwin White, repre- 
senting "Washington's Resignation of his Commission," obtained 
under an order of the Maryland Legislature in 1859, 

The basement of the State House is occupied by the furnace for 
heating the building, the steam ventilator, and committee rooms. 

An Annex to the State Library was ordered V)y the Legislature of 
1886, a building long needed by reason of the over-crowded condition of 
the library. 



CHAPTER XXXVIL 
Annapolis in the Declaration of Independence. 

[1776,] The dramatic arraignment of George III. in the Declara- 
tion of Independence, contains two counts that Annapolis helped to 
make in that unique indictment. The Fifteenth Count that gives as 
one of the causes which impelled the colonies to dissolve the political 
bands that had connected them with Great Britjiin, reads : 

"For protecting them, (armed troops) by a mock-trial, from pun- 
ishment for any murders which they should commit on the inhabi- 
tants of these States," 

This waslitemlly done at Annapolis in 1768, when, in a dispute be- 
tween some soldiers and citizens of the town, two citizens were killed. 
As the homicides were marines, belonging to an armed vessel lying 
near, they were in time of peace, on complaint of the citizens 
arraigned before the Admiralty Court for murder. The whole affair 
assumed the character of a solemn farce, so far as justice was con- 
cerned, and, as might have been expected, the miscreants were ac- 
quit tetl,* 

Another count, the 16th, was: "For quartering large bodies of 
armed troops among us," 

The Maryland Assembly had been slack in voting money to keep 
Fort Frederick and Cuml)erland in the condition the provincial gov- 
ernor, the representative of royal authority, wanted, and in Decem- 
ber, 1757, five companies of the Royal Americans were quartered 
upon the citizens of Annapolis as a penalty for the contumacy of the 
General Assembly. They remained there until March 22nd, 1758, Gov- 
ernor Sharpe expostulated against the severity and injustice of the 
measure which punished the inhabitants of one town for the supposed 
sins of a State. 

* Lossiag'.o Lives of the nignerH, p, 287. 



History OF Annapolis. lO^ 

CHAPTER XXXVin. 
ANNArOLIS DURIXG THE REVOLUTIONARY WAR. 

The seeds of the American Revolution had been sown in 1765 by the 
passage of the Stamp Act. The constant and determined support, 
Annapolis gave to the patriot cause, had been plainly foreshadowed by 
its resistance to the attempted enforcement of this odious legislation, 
audits summary treatment of Hood, the British distributor of stamps, 
though Maryland was loath to break those political ties that bound 
her to the mother country. 

When the news of the blockade of Boston Harbor reached Annapilis, 
a meeting of its citizens was called. On Wednesday, the 35th day of 
May, 1774, the people convened, when it was 

''EesolverJ, That it is the unanimous opinion of this meeting, that 
the town of Boston is now suffering in the common cause of America, 
and that it is incumbent on every colony in America, to unite in effec- 
tual measures to obtain a repeal of the late act of parliament, for 
blocking up the harbor of Boston. 

"That it is the opinion of this meeting, that if the colonies come 
into a joint resolution to stop all importation from, and exportation 
to. Great Britain, till the said act be repealed, the same will preserve 
North America, and her liberties. 

' ''Resolied, Therefore, that the inhabitants of this city will join in 
an association with the several counties of this province, and the 
principal provinces of America, to put an immediate stop to all ex- 
ports to Great Britain, and that, after a short day, hereafter to be 
agreed on, there shall be no imports from Great Britain, till the said . 
act be repealed, and that such association be on oath. 

"That it is the opinion of this meeting, that the gentlemen of the 
law of this province bring no suit for the recovery of any debt due 
from any inhabitant of this province, to any inhabitant of Great 
Britain, until the said act be repealed. 

"That the inhabitants of this city will, and it is the opinion of this 
meeting, that this province ought immediately to break off all trade 
and dealings with that colony or province, which shall refuse or de- 
cline to come into similar resolutions with a majority of the colonies. 

"That Messieurs John Hall, Charles Carroll, Thomas Johnson, Jun., 
William Paca, Matthias Hammond, and Samuel Chase, be a commit- 
tee for this city to join with those who shall be appointed for Balti- 
more Town, and other parts of this province, to constitute one general 
committee ; and that the gentlemen appointed for this city immediately 
correspond with Baltimore Town, and other parts of this province, to 
effect such association as will secure American liberty." 

William Eddis writing to England three days after this meeting 
said : "all America is in a flame ! I hear strange language every day. 
The colonists are ripe for any measures that will tend to the preserva- 
tion of what they call their natural liberty. I enclose you the re- 
solves of our citizens ; they have caught the general contagion.^ 

"Expresses are flying from province to province. It is the universal 
opinion here, that the mother country cannot support a contention 
with these settlements, if they abide strictly to the letter and spirit 
of their associations." 



166 ' ' T H E A N C I E N T C I T Y . " 

Several citizens of influence having expressed the o[iinion, tha"^ if 
the sense of the peoi>le had been properly taken, it would not appear 
that the whole of the proceedings of the meeting of the 2oth received 
their approval, the friends of American liberty mot the statement by 
distribuiing hand-bills, earnestly requesting another general meeting 
of citizens. The second meeting was held May 37th, when the pro- 
ceedings of the 28th were fully approved. Tlie opposition, ;iowever, 
did v:ot stop here. On Monday, May 30th, a protest, signed by one 
hundred and tliirty-five citizens, amongst wliom were some of the best 
names of the town and s'ieinity, made its appearance. 

The protest was : 

'^To The Printkks. 

May :]Oth, 1774. 

*'A puMication of the enclosed protest, supported by the names of a 
considerable numl)er of the inhabitants of the city of Annapolis, will, 
it is presumed, furnisli tlie most authentic grounds for determining 
the sense of the majority, on a question of the last importance. 

' • We, whose names are subscribed, inhabitants of the city of Annapo- 
lis. C(.)nceive it our clear riglit, and most incumbent duty, to express 
our cordial and explicit disa}>[>ro!)ation of a resolution whicJi was car- 
ried by forty-seven against thirty-one, at the meeting held on the 27th 
instant. 

"'The resolution against whi(;h we protest, in the face of the world, 
is the following : 

" 'That it is the opinion of tliis meeting, that tlie gentlemen of the 
law of this in-ovince, bring no suit for the recovery of any debt due 
from any inhalntant of this province, to any inhabitant of Great 
Britain until the said act be repealed.' — I ) Use at lent. 

"FiiisT — Because we arc impressed with a full conviction, that this 
resolution is founded in treachery and rashness, inasmuch as it is big 
with l)ankruptcy and. ruin to those inhabitants of Grreat JJritain, who, 
relying with unlimited security on our good faith and integrity, liave 
made us masters of their fortunes, condemning them unheard, for not 
having interposed tlieir influence with parliament in favor of the town 
of Boston, without duly weighing the force, with which that influence 
would probably have oj^erated ; or whether, in their conduct, they 
were actuated by wisdom and policy, or l)y corruption and acarice. 

"Secondly— iJecause whilst the inhabitants of Great Britain are 
partially despoiled of every legal remedy to recover what is justly 
due to them, no j)rovision is made to prevent us from Ix'ing harrassed 
by the prosecution of internal suits, but our fortinies and {persons are 
left at the mercy of domestic creditors, without a possil)ility of extri- 
cating ourselves, unless l)y a general convulsion, an event in the con- 
templation of sober reas'.n, replete with horror. 

"Theuulv — Because our credit, as a commercial peoi)le, will expire 
under tlie wound; for what confidence can possibly be reposed in 
those, who shall have exhil)ited the most avowed and most striking 
proof that they are not bound by obligations as sacred as human in- 
vention can suggest. 

"Lloyd Dulany, Robert Kirkland, 

William Cooke, William Ashton, 

James Tilghman, Robert Morrison, 

Anthonv Stewart. Charles lirvan. 



History of Annapolis. 



167 



William Steuart, 
Charles Steuart, 
David Steaart, 
ITonathaii Pinkney, 
fWilliam Tuck, 
Thomas Sparrow, 
John Green, 
James Brice, 
George Gordon. 
John" Chalmers. 
^John Anderson, 
John Unsworth, 
James Taylor, v- 
William Clayton. 
George Kanken. 
Kobert Moor, 
Jonathaii Parker, 
Brite Seleven, 
John .Varndel, 
John Annis, 
Robert Ridge, 
Robert Nixon. 
Thomas Kirl)y, 
Williams Edwards, 
Robert Lambert, 
William Eddis. - 
John Clapham, 
Elie Vallette, 
Robert Bucbanan , 
William Noke, 
James Brooks, 
Richard Murrow, 
John Brown, 
J'Jm Hepburn, 
Colin Campbell, 
Nathaniel Ross, 
William Niven, 
James Kingsbury, 
James Barnes, 
John Sands, 
James Williams, 
• Joseph Williams, 
John Howard, 
William Muuroe, 
John D. Jaquet, 
John Norris, 
John Steele, 
N. Maccubbin, Shoem 
Thomas Hammond, 
Thomas Pipier, 
Thomas Neal, 
William Tonry, 
James McKenzie, 
Nicholas Minsky, 



John Haragan, 
Hugh Hendly, 
Richard Thompson.- 
Reverdy Ghiselin, 
Charles Marckel, 
John Randall, 
William Stiff. 
James Mitchell. 
Charles Roberts, 
Samuel Skiugle. 
Thomas Stitl:^ 
Henry Jacksou. 
William Devinith. 
James Hackman. 
Charles Barber. 
John Evitts, 
James Maw. 
Jordan Steiffer. 
Josepii Riohanls, 
Edward Owens. 
Thomas Pryse. 
.1. Wilkinson, 
Robert Key. 
Lewis Joues, 
William Willatt, 
John Kiiig. 
William Prew. 
Thomas Towson, 
William Howard. 

John Donaldson. 

Daniel Dulany. of Walter ^ 

William Worthington , 

Thomas B. Uodgkin, 

William Wilkins. 

Thomas French. 

Joseph Selby. 

William Gordon. 

Thomas Hyde, 

John Maconochie, 

Philip Thomas Lee, 

John Ball, 

Samuel Owens, 

Samuel Ball. 
"^ Thomas Braithwaite, 

James Murray, 

Richard Mackubiu, 

Michael Wallace, 

William Hyde. 

Nathan Hammond, 

Peter Psalter, 

Joseph Browning, 

Thomas Hincks, 

Lewis Neth, 

Edward Dogan, 



168 " T H E A N C I E N T C I T Y . " 

Martin Water, J. H. Anderson, 

John Warren. Richard Burt, 

William Chambers, Flenry Horsley, 

.lames Clarke, Cornelius Fen'ton, 

Denton Jacques, Richard Addaras, 

Joseph Dowson, George Ranken. Sr. 

Thomas Macken, Edward Wilmot, 

Richard Burland. Robert Ijung, 

Daniel Dulany, of Dan., George Nicholson, 

R. Molleson, Benjamin Spriggs, 

Robert Counden, John Horton, 

William Alkman, Charles Wright. 

George French, Constantine Bull, 

John Parker, Amos Edmons, 

Archibald Smith, Henry Sibell, 

Thomas Bonner, Josliua Cross, 

Matthias Mae.l John Woolford, 

Alex. McDona d, Samuel H. Howard, 

David Crinnig,^ Oliver Weeden, 

John Thimmis, Alex. Finlater, 

David Atchison, Con. McCarty, 

James Maynard, Jonathan Simpson.'' 

William llarrison, 
A meeting of the committees appointed by the several counties of 
tae province of Maryland, was held at the city of Annapolis, on the 
22nd of June, 1774. There were present for Anne Arundel county 
and the city of Annapolis, Charles Carroll, Esq., barrister, Messrs. B. 
T. B. Worthington, Thomas Johnson, Jr., Samuel Chase. John Hall, 
William Paca. Matthias Hammond. Samuel Chew, John Weenis, 
Thomas Dorsey, Kezin Hammond. 

The letter and vote of the town of Boston, several letters and papers 
from Philadelphia and Virginia, the act of parliament for blocking up 
the port and harl)or of Boston, the bill depending in parliament sub- 
versive of the charter of the Massachusetts Bay. and that enabling 
the governor to send supposed offenders from thence t -another colony 
or England for trial, were read, — and, after mature deliberations 
thereon, it was 

''Resolved, That the stiid act of parHament, and bills, if passed into 
acts, are cruel and oppressive invasions of tlie natural rights of the 
people of Massachusetts Bay, as men, and of their constitutional rights 
as English subjects : and that the said act, if not repealed, and the 
said bills, if passed into acts, will lay a foundation for the utter de- 
struction of British America, and, therefore, that the town of Boston 
and the province of Massiichusetts are now suffering in the common 
cause of America. 

''Rcsolvejl, That it is the duty of every colony in America to unite 
in the most speedy and effectual means to obtain a repeal of the said 
act, and also of the sjiid bills if passed into acts." 

The third resolution was to the effect to stop all importations from 
and exportations to Great Britain. 

The fourth resolution asserted that this province will join in an as- 
sociation with the principal and neighboring colonies to stop all ex- 
portations to, and importations from, Great Britain, to go into effectJ 
on some day agreed upon by the ccjlonists. 



History of Annapolis. 161> 

The fifth resolution instructed the dejDuties from this province to 
agree to any restrictions upon exports to the West Indies, deen^ed 
necessary by the colonies in the general congress. 

The sixth resolution authorized the deputies from this province to 
admit and provide for the importation of particular articles from 
Great Britain as are supposed to be indispensable. 

The seventh resolution recommended to merchants and vendors of 
goods not to take advantage of the resolve for non-importation, but 
to sell their goods at the rate sold within the year previous. 

The eighth resolution provided for a subscription for the relief of 
the inhabitants of Boston. 

The ninth resolution expressed thanks to the friends of liberty in 
Great Britain. 

The tenth resolution appointed Matthew Tilghman, Thomas John- 
son, Jr., Robert Goldsborough, William Paca, and Samuel Chase, 
Esq., deputies for this province :o attend a general congress, w^hicli 
was recommended to be held on September 20th. 

The eleventh resolution asserted that this province will break off 
trade and dealings with that colony, province, or town, which shall 
decline the common plan ^vhich may be adopted. 

The twelfth resolution directed that copies of these resolutions be sent 
to the Connnittees of Correspondence, and be published in the Mary- 
land Gazette. 

The strong, loyal opposition to English measures, existing in An- 
napolis which cropped out, at this period, has made the ancient city 
renowned in American history. ^ 

The burning of the Peggy Stewart was one of the most remarkable 
events of the Revolutionary period. 

The valor of this extraordinary conduct was heightened by the 
presence of two local English officers, and a strong English senti- 
ment. Mr. Eddis, the English Custom House officer, quaintly says : 
''I attended the whole progress of the business, and was active in my 
exertions to prevent the extremities to which some frantic zealots 
proceeded." 

Mr. Eddis further declares that the owners did not burn their ship- 
willingly, but were forced to destroy it by the citizens. 

According to adjournment, the State Convention met on December 
8th, and continued ibo the :'.2th. There were present 85 members. Mr. 
John Hall in the chair, Mr. John Duckett, clerk. The proceedings- 
of the Continental Congress were unanimously approved, and it was 
resolved that every person in the province ought to carry into effect 
the association agreed on by the Continental Congress, and the most 
stringent measures were adopted to repress by force the invasion of 
their rights. 

It was now apparent that the dispute between the colonies and the 
mother country would be settled by an appeal to arms. Annapolis 
made ready for the conflict. In compliance with the recommendation 
of the deputies of the several counties of the province, at their con- 
vention in June, that the gentlemen, freeholders, and other freemen 
of this province, as are from sixteen to fifty years of age, form them- 
selves into companies, and to select their officers, a ' umber of the 
citizens of Annapolis met on December 14th, and chose their officers 
agreeably to the recommendation. The companies were composed of 



170 ' * T H E A X C I E X T C I T Y . " 

all ranks of men in the city, gentlemen of the first fortunes being 
common soldiers. After one company had been formed the patriotic 
Gazttte added : 

"It is said tliat there are a sufficient number of citizens to form 
another company which it is hoped will be immediately done." 

Whilst the people were ardent in their fidelity to the American 
cause, yet such was their love of liberty and their respect for personal 
rights, in February, 1775, Mr. Eddis is found urging through the 
jjublic press, the cause of peace, and the wisdom of retaining their 
political affiliation with England. The times changed rapidly. In 
July, of the same year, Mr. Eddis plaintively wrote : 

••(xovernment is now almost totally annihilated, and power trans- 
ferred to tlie multitude. Speech is become dangerous ; letters are in- 
tercepted ; c-o!ifidence betrayed : and every measure evidently tends to 
the most fatal extremities : the sword is drawn, and, without some 
providential change of measures, the blood (;f thousands will be shed 
in this unnatural contest." 

Annapolis, at this time, had two military companies ; in every dis- 
trict in the ju'ovince the majority of the i)eople were under arms ; 
almost eveiy ]iat was decorated with a cockade ; and the churlish 
drum and piping fife were the only music of Die times. 

At a meeting of the i ihabitants of Anno Arundel county and of the 
city of Annapolis. ( those (qualified to vote for representatives.) on 
Wednesday, the; nintli day of November, 1774, it was 

-'Rf.solri'l, That Thomas Dorscy, Jolin Hood, Jr., John Dorsey, 
Pliilij) Dorscy, John Burgess, Thomas Lapjungton, Ephraim Howard, 
Caleb Dorsey, Uichard Stringer, Iveubin Meri'iweather. Charles War- 
field. p]dw;ird Gaitiier, Jr., Greenbury Ridgely, Elijah Robinson, 
Thomas Mayo. James Kelso, Beirjaiuin Howard, Ely Dorsey. Sr., 
Mark Brown Sappington, Brice TT^. Worthington, Charles Carroll, 
l)arrister, Jolm Hall. William Paca-, Thomas Johnson, Jr.. Matthias 
Hammond, Samnel Chase Charles Carroll, of CarroUton, Rezin Ham- 
mond, Charles Wallace, Richard Tootell, Thomas Ilarwood, Jr.. John 
Davidson, John Brice, John Weems, Samue-l Chew, Thomas Sprigg. 
Girard Hopkins, Jr., Thomas Hall, Thomas Ilarwood, West River, 
Stephen Steward, Thomas Watkins, Thomas Belt, the third, Richard 
Green, and Stephen Watkins, be a committee to represent and act for 
this county anil city, to carry into execution the association agreed oil 
by the American Continental Congress, and that any seven have 
power to act. 

''Ri'-ioIi'("L That Thomas Johnson, Jr., John Hail, William Paca, 
Charles Carroll, of CarroUton, Matthias Hammond, Samuel Chase, 
and Richard Tootell, be a committee of correspondence for this county 
and city, and that any three have power to act. 

"Ri'.iolced, That it is the sense of this meeting, that the gentlemen 
appointed to represent the county and city, in the late i^rovincial 
convention, together with Charles Carroll, of CarroUton, ought to at- 
tend the next provincial meeting on the 21st inst., and have full 
power to represent this county and city." 

On Friday, the 14th day of OctoV)er, 1774, the brig Paijipj Stbwart, 
Captain Jackson, arrived at Anmipolis from London, "having on 
l»oard seventeen packages containing 3,:J30 pounds of that detestable 
weed'' — the taxed tea. On hearing of its arrival, the Anne Arundel 
county committee, which took cognizance of such matters, immediately 



History OF Annapolis. 171 

conTened. It was then three o'clock in the afternoon. The cojnmit- 
tee was mformed that the brig had been regularly entered that morn- 
ing, ''and the duty on the tea paid to the collector by ,Mr. Anthony 
Stewart, one of the owners of said brig." This was fuel to the flame 
of indignation already kindled ; but, with the law-abiding spirit which 
is a part of the Maryland character, they did not precipitate matters, 
but let the questiori take an orderly solution. Four only of the com- 
mittee were present, and the remainder, residents of the county, were 
inaccessible in this emergency. The committee, therefore, called a 
meeting of the citizens of Annapolis, to be held at five o'clock the 
same aftternoon. As the Provincial Court was in session at iVnnapo- 
lis at the time, a numl)er of persons from Anne ^Vrmidel. Baltimore, 
and other counties, who were in attendance on the court, joined the 
citizens of x\.nnapolis to answer the question, "What was to be done ?" 
The assembly proceeded at once to business. Tlu^ importers, the cap- 
tain of the brig, and the deputy-collector of the jjort were called be- 
fore it and examined. The consignees, Messrs. Thomas C. Wil- 
liams & Co., sent the following letter, which was read : 
"Friday Morning, 10 o'clock, 

OcToiiEii 14, 1774. 

"This is to inform you that the brig P^fifiy Stewmrt, Captain Jack- 
son, is just arrived from London, and agreeal)le to our order of the 
14th of May last, have got many goods on board for us, among which 
are a few chests of tea. Although agreeaV<le to our order, yet it's con- 
trary to our expectation, as we was in great hopes tlie tea would not 
have been shipped ; bnt as it liave unluckily come to hand, and are 
sensil)le the sale of it, at this time, will bo disagreeable to our friends 
and neighbors, we are, therefore, williiig to kave to your determina- 
tion what is to be done with the said tea, and will readily acquiesce 
in any measures you may suggest, either in landing and storing it, 
reshipping it to London, the West Indies, or othe^-wi.'^e." 

From the captain of the brig and the deputy-collector, it was learn- 
ed that the duty on the tea had not been paid. The question was 
then put, "Shall the tea be landed in America?'* It was unani- 
mosly decided in the negative. A committee of twelve persons was 
appointed to superintend the discharge of the brig's cargo, excejot the 
tea, and the meeting adjourned to Wednesday, the 19th. 

On the succeeding Monday a proposal was made to the consignees 
by Charles Carroll, one of the connnittee, that they should destroy 
the tea themselves, which he thought would satisfy the people. The 
consignees readily agreed to this, offering to destroy the tea in any 
way that was thought proper. But the matter had gone too far for 
such a settlement to be satisfactory. They rejected the offer : and in 
the meantime handbills were industriously circulated through the 
county, notifying the people of the arrival of the tea, and, requesting 
them to meet on the following Wednesday. ^ The principal mover in 
the affair, on the part of the patriots, appears to have been Mr. Mat- 
thias Hammond, of whom the consignees complained afterward that 
he made no mention in said bills "who gave the committee informa- 
tion of the tea being arrived." This intimation that the consignees 
themselves notified the committee of the arrival of the tea is sustained 
by the date of their note of Friday "morning at ten o'clock," and by 
the consenting witness of silence on the part of the committee, who 



172 "The Ancient City. " 

never denied the assertion. This was a doubtful omission by the com- 
mittee, ])nt it in no respect lessens the honor due the jieople of Anne 
Arundel and Annapolis, who were kept in ignorance of the true facts, 
and saw only in the Sfeirarf and her cargo a defiant attempt to in- 
fringe their most cherished rights. 

By eight o'clock on tlie morning of Wednesday, Mr. Carroll re- 
ceived a letter from the consignees further explanatory of 1 he arrival of 
the tea, which was road to the committee on their meeting at ten 
o'clock. Thf explanation was that the tea was shipped on an order of 
the 14th of ]\[ay previous. The consignees continued : "We, in 
October, 1778, (as others did), imported tea, that being the first time 
we ever imported any from Great Britain, and finding it to meet with 
a ready sale and no objection to its importation, we also, with our 
neighbors, ordered tea in our spring cargo, which arrived in April and 
May last : and then (there still being no objection to its importation) 
we, on the 14th of May, did also order the tea now unfortunately ar- 
rived in the />////;/ Stewart We did not think till about the 

beginning of July importation of tea would be stopt But soon 

after August we was convinced that if the tea ordered was shipped it 
would not be allowed to be landed or the duty paid : and from that 
time was determined, in case it should arrive to give it up innnediately 
to the dis])osal of the committee, to do with it what they thought pro- 
per. This we told many people l)efore tlie tea came, which, we be- 
lieve, Mr. Th(js. llarwood and Mr. Ilodgsin well remember 

On the arrival of the Pegyy Stewart here with the tea, we immediately 
made the committee acquainted therewitli, and expressed our readi- 
ness to abide by tlieir determination with respect to it : and on Mr. 
Stewart's aj^plication to us for money to pay duty on the same, we 
absolutely refused it, or doing anything concerning it until the com- 
mittee had resolved what should l)e done with it. And we further 
declare that the vessel was entered at the custom-house and the duty 
paid without our knowldge or consent." 

The consignees ex|)ressed their willingness to give the utmost satisfac- 
tion, and with a view to mollify the exasperated feelingsof the people, 
declared that they had had no intention to infringe the resolutions 
entered into by tlie province of Maryland nor to import tea, nor were 
they "actuated by any sinister motives either in favor of ministerial 
j)Ower, court, court-i»arty or otherwise." In a subsequent letter to 
the public, the consignees stated that the committee ex[)ressed them- 
selves satisfied with their conduct in the matter, except in regard to 
the large quantity ordered. This statement was denied in public 
print by Mr. John'Duckett, clerk to the committee. 

The j)ayment of the duty on tea. which had been done since the 
meeting of Friday, was a matter the people could not lightly over- 
look. The general indignation excited by this act caused Mr. Stewart 
to publish a card explanatory of his j)art in tmnsaction. He Siiid : 
"When the brig arrived, the captain informed me she was very leaky, 
and that the sooner she was unloaded tlie better. I told him to enter 
his vessel, but not the tea. which I found on inquiry of the collector 
could not be done. Under these circumstances, the brig leaky and 
fifty three souls on board, where they had been near three months, 1 
thought my self [bound,] l)oth in hnmanity and prudence, to enter 
the vessel and leave the destination of the tea to the committee. The 
impropriety of scouring the duty did not then occur to me ; neither 



History OF Annapolis. 173 

did I know the tea would be suffered to be lodged as a security for the 
payment. I had nothing in view but to save the vessel from a seizure, 
and of having an opportunity of releasing the passengers from a long 
and disagreeable confinement." Captain Jackson added to this card 
an affidavit in which he stated that the tea had been put on board the 
brig in London without his knowledge. Neither card nor affidavit, 
which had been published in handbill form two days previous to the 
Wednesday meeting, calmed the popular indignation. 

Where the committee's action ended and the people s began, it is 
difficult to determine, owing to no definite distinction being made as 
to the respective parts played by each in this curious drama ; but it 
appears that the committee privately heard the letter of the Messrs. 
WiUiams read, then took action upon it, and adjourned to the pubhc 
meeting where the proceedings following were enacted before a large 
assembly of people. The first was the reading of the annexed letter 
signed by Anthony Stewart, Joseph and James Williams, m which it 
will be seen sentiments were expressed by these gentlemen very dif- 
ferent from what they had previously given out. Mr. Stewart and 
the Messrs. Williams read their recantation. It ran : '.'We, James 
Williams, Joseph Williams, and Anthony Stewart, do severally ac- 
knowledge that we have committed a most daring insult and act of 
the most pernicious tendency to the liberties of America ; we, the 
said Williams, in importing the tea, and said Stewart in paying the 
duty thereon ; and thereby deservedly incurred the displeasure of the 
pleoi)le now convened, and all others interested in the preservation of 
the constitutional rights and liberties ol North America, do ask pardon 
for the same ; and we solemnly declare for the future, that we never 
will infringe any resolution formed by the people for the salvation of 
their rights, nor will we do any act that may be injurious to the 
liberties of the people ; and to show our desire of living m amity with 
the friends to America, we do request this meeting, or as many choose 
to attend, to be present at any place where the people shall appoint, 
and we will there commit to the flames or otherwise destroy as the 
people may choose, the detestable article which has been the cause 
of this our misconduct." ,« -, 4.- 

The Williamses smarted under this compulsory self-condemnation, 
and, in the issue of the Gazette, of Annapolis, of the 17th of October, 
iustly and bitterly complained of this card as "a most ungenerous 
piece," which "was drawn up by Matthias Hammond, wherein not- 
withstanding our candid behaviour, we are most cruelly made liable 
to the same degree of censure as Mr. Stewart who paid the duty ; 
which piece was afterward produced, and we were called upon to read 
and acknowledge in the midst of an incensed people, wholly unacquain- 
ted with our conduct in the affair." 

The indignation of the people was centered chiefly upon Mr. 
Stewart, for what they considered his cheerful compliance with the 
act of Parliament taxing the tea ; and some were very much "disposed 
to present him with a suit of tar and feathers. ' ' A diversity of senti- 
ment sprung up as to what ought to be done. Some contended 
that the offer to destroy the tea was sufficient reparation ; others 
favored the destruction of the vessel that had brought the 
detestable weed" to American shores. A division took place 
on the question. "Whether the vess«l should, or should, not be 
destroyed?" It was carried in the negative by a large majority. 



174 ' ' T H E A N C I E N T C I T Y . " 

The citizens of Annapolis generally were averse to using violence ; 
but the minority, mainly persons from a distance, some of great in- 
fluence in their respective neighborhoods, avowed their determination 
to collect a body of men to accomplish the destruction of the Stewart. 
At this juncture, under the advice of Charles Carroll, of Carrollton, 
Mr. Stewart offered "to destroy the vessel with his own hands." The 
proposal was gladly accepted. The people assembled in crowds at 
the water-side to witness the conflagration. Mr, Stewart and the 
Messrs. Williams the former accompanied by several gentlemen to 
protect him from personal violence, repaired to the brig. Her sails 
were set, and, with her colors flying, she was run aground on the 
shore between the Gas-IIouse and the northwestern wall of the Naval 
Academy. It was brought up to this point that Mrs. Stewart, the 
invalid wife of the owner of the vessel could see the conflagration, 
from the window of her residence, the house on Hanover street, now 
occui)ied by Mr. Charles S. Welch. Mr. Stewart applied the match 
to the vessel, and, as an offering and atonement to the offended peo- 
ple and an open defiance to the Crown, tlie Peggy Stewart and the 
obnoxious tea-chests were, in a few hours, reduced to ashes. 

The adjourned meeting of provincial deputies, chosen by several of 
the counties in Maryland, was held at the city of Annapolis, Nov. 21, 
1774, and continued by adjournment to Friday, the 2oth day of the 
same month at which fifty-seven deputies were present.. 

Mathew Tilghman was chosen chairman and John Duckett, clerk. 

The delegates appointed to represent the province at the late conti- 
nental congress, laid the proceedings of the congress before the meet- 
ing which Veing read and considered, were unanimously approved of. 

Not only in words and sounds of war did the inhabitants of Anne 
Arundel show their intention to defend their rights, but when oppor- 
tunity offered they put in practice the faith that was in them. 

July 18th, 1775, "the ship Totnefts, captain Harding, belonging to 
Mr. Gildard, of Liverpool, having on board a cargo of salt and dry 
goods, in coming up the bay, ran aground near the three Islands at 
the mouth of West river ; upon this the committee immediately met, 
and after consideration, determined she should proceed on to Balti- 
more, her intended port, but before she could get off, highly resenting 
so daring an infringement of the continental association, a number of 
people met, went on board, and set her on fire." 

There were opponents of these proceedings even among those who 
espoused the patriot cause. They had condemned the burning of the 
Peggy Stewart and also this, "the second burnt-offering to liberty 
within this province." But revolutions are not handicapped by a mi- 
nority of dissenting voices. 

Early on the morning of Wednesday, September 27th, Annapolis 
was alarmed by the beating of drums, and a proclamation for the in- 
habitants to assemble at the Liberty Tree. The ol^ject of the meeting 
was to secure the passage of the resolution : "That all persons who 
had refused to sign the association, and CQmply witli the other requi- 
sitions should be ol)liged to quit the city, as enemies to the essential in- 
terests of America." This was in opposition to the proceedings of 
the convention, and the resolution was easily defeated. A report, 
about this time, that a British sliip of war was to be ordered to the 
port of Anna|)olis, caused many families to quit the city, and others 
to talk of removing. At a meeting of the citizens, it was unani- 



History of Annapolis. 1~5 

mouslv resolved : "If a vessel, belonging to his Majesty, should be 
stationed in our harbor to supply the same with every necessary, at a 
reasonable price, and cautiously to avoid any cause of contention 
with the officers or the crew." An address was also prepared to be 
delivered to the Governor, expressing the same pacific sentiments 
and asking him to convey the same to the commander of any ship 
that may be ordered on this duty. 

Private correspondence, in the latter part of 177o, began to be ex- 
amined by the provincial authorities, for here in Annapolis was set up 
the novelty of a dual government— the King's officers on the onej 
hand, and the local and general committees of public safety on th< 
other— hving harmoniously together, but so far as the King's repre- 
sentatives were concerned very much like the fox when invited to the 
stork's supper. « -t 

Annapolis became daily more and more deserted ; some lamiiies 
leaving because of apprehensions of a bombardment ; others on ac- 
count of the distressing times, bad markets, and ct, general scarcity of 
money • even tradesmen and mechanics quitted their habitations, and 
retired from the vicinity of navigable waters. Agriculture was neg- 
lected, the voice of peaceful industry was hushed, and mihtary science 
became the universal study of the hour. 

At a meeting of the deputies from the counties of Maryland, at 
Annapolis, on May 24, 1775, there were present 100 meii.bers. The 
Hon. Matthias Tilghman being in the chair, and G-abriel Duvall, clerk, 
the following resolutions were adopted : , ,. . -, 

"Resolved, That we acknowledge King George the third, as our 
lawful sovereign. ^ . -o ... u 

"Resolved, That all exportation to the provinces m British posses- 
sion be prohibited until further orders from the Continental Con- 



srress 



ss. 

Resolved, That the formation of militia be continued, and sub- 
scription for the same be levied by the several counties." 

Loyalty to the King, legions for the people, voted m the same 

breath ! . ^ » a j i 

A meeting of the committee of observation for Anne Arundel 
county and city of Annapolis, was held on the 14th day of June, 1 <75, 
in Annapolis, Mr. Charles Wallace, chairman. Its proceedings show 
how vigilant the people were to maintain inviolate the regulations 
adopted for their defence. 

A charge having been made on oath, that Thomas Chipchase, of the 
city, butcher, on the 23d day of May last, had killed several lambs, 
he was ordered to attend. He appeared, and confessed the fact, al- 
leging, in excuse, that he understood that there was no absolute pro- 
hibition by the continental congress, and that the scarcity of provi- 
sions at that time would plead for him, and what he did was from a 
a desire of supplying the many strangers in town. But as he had 
since been informed that such procedure was contrary to a resolve ot 
the provincial convention, he would take care to offend m that man- 
ner no more, and hoped the committee would forgive him. The sense 
.of the committee being taken on the above, they declared it a breach 
of the resolve of the provincial convention, respecting the killing ot 
lambs ; but, all circumstances considered, they were of opinion he 
ought to be forgiven. 



1 76 ' ' T H E A N C 1 E N T C I T Y . ' ' 

It will still further be seen by the following, as well as by other in- 
stances quoted, that the committee of observation of Anne Arundel 
county and the city of Annapolis, was no idle form, but it was vigi- 
lant in sc^irching out offences, and inexorable in their punish- 
ment. 

On the 28th day of June, Capt. Charles Henzell, of the ship Ad- 
venture, informed the committee of his arrival with goods on board, 
cleared for Maryland, his cargo consisting of two hundred dozen por- 
ter, one hundred pipes in packs. 2,000 weight of cheese, and forty- 
two chaldron of coals, Winchester measure — also al)out seventy pas- 
sengers, including servants. The captain testified on oath that unfav- 
/)rable winds prevented landing at Madeira, where he intended to sell 
his goods. The committee refused to allow him to land his goods, 
but gave him permission to land his passengers. Those of the 
committee who were present, were Charles Carroll, of Carrollton, 
Matthias Hammond, John Bullen, Charles Wallace, John Allen Quinn, 
John Brice, and Dr. Richard Fostell — Charles Carroll, of Carrollton, 
presiding, and G. Duvall, Clerk. 

At a convention of the people of Maryland, July 26, 1775, at An- 
napolis, a temporary form of government was established, which en- 
dured until the constitution of I80I was adopted. While other States 
had acted by the advice of Congress in establishing eimilar forms of gov- 
ernment, Maryland moved solely by its own volition. Charles Carroll, 
of Carrollton, and Charles Carroll, barrister, were members of the 
.Committee of Safety under its first organization, from Annapolis. 

At a meeting of a number of the inhabitants of Anne Arundel 
county and city of Annapolis, at said city, on Sept. 12. 1775 ; 

Present, eight members of the late Convention : 

Charles Carroll, barrister, in the chair, Gabriel Duvall, clerk, it was 

"Resolved, That Samuel Chase, Thomas Johnson"', John Hall, Wil- 
liam Paca, B. T. B. Worthington, Matthias Hammond. Charles Car- 
roll, barrister, Charles Carroll, of Carrollton, Capt. William Hyde, 
Rezin Hammon, John Bullen, Capt. Richard Fostell, John Weems, 
Joseph Galloway, Stephen Stewart, John Thomas, Thom. Tillard. 
Marmaduke Wyvill, Thomas Watkin's. sou, Thomas Dorsey, John 
Dorsey, son of Michael, Edward Gaither, Jun., Caleb Dorsey, Rich- 
ard Stringer, Dr. Chas. Alexander Warfield, John Burges^s, John 
Davis, Benjamin Jiaward, Elijah Robinson,' and Thomas Hammond, 
or any seven or more of them be, and they are here by appointed a 
committee of observation for this county for a term of one year. 

"Resolved, That Charles Carroll, barrister, Thomas Johnson, Jun., 
Samuel Chase, William Paca and Charles Carroll, of Carrollton, Esq., 
or any three or more of them, V)e delegates to represent this county 
in convention for the said term of one year." 

In committee, Annapolis, Wednesday, 13th of September it was 

"Resolved, That Charles Carroll, of Carrollton, Brice T. B. Worth- 
ington, Capt. William Hyde, Matthias Hammond, Dr. Richard Fos- 
tell, John Bullen. and John Thomas, be a committee to license suits 
in this county during the lerra of one year. 

"Resolved, That Charles Carroll, of Carrollton. B. T. B. Worth- 
ington, Capt. William Hyde, Matthias Hammond, and Dr. Richard 
Fostell be a committee of oorresix)ndence for this coimty for the said 
ierm of one vear. 



History of A n x a p o l i s . 177 

•'That the parliainentary post be prrvhibited, and that this reso- 
luiioii be strictly enforced by the several committees of observation. 

"That no vt-ssel leave this province without a license from this con- 
vention, neither shall any skipper carry any person, or letter, without 
giving previous notice, though this does not apply to vessels going up 
the Potomac, or the ])assage of the Pocomoke ferry." 

On December 38, an evidence of the zeal of the convention, was 
given by the publication by their order of a well established process 
for making crude nitre . 

On Januxary 21st, 1776. the Council of Safety, "Resolved, That 
Messrs. Lancelot Jacques, Charles Wallace, William Hyde, Allen 
Quynn, James Brice, William Whetcroft, and Beriah Marybury, or 
any three of them, be requested to make a chart of the land and 
water at the mouths of this river, specifying the width and depth of 
the channel between Horn Point and Greenbury's Point, and some dis- 
tance without and within the same." 

This chart, returned on the 16th of March following, has been lost. 
The convention of Maryland appropriated £5,900 to fortify Annapo- 
lis. The Council of Safety desired a larger sum, sugges'tins: that, 
with an increased appropriation, batteries migjTit be erected on Greens- 
bury's and Wind Mill Points, and other places, between those loca- 
tions and Annapolis, tluit would prevent men of war from apprach- 
ing Annapolis. The council was thereupon given leave to draw on 
the treasury for whatever sums it might deem necessary to com- 
plete the fortifications and to build a number of "row-gallies or gon- 
dolas." 

Fortifications were erected on Horn Point, Beaman's Hill, and 
Wind Mill Point, besides several breast works were thrown up at other 
places. They were finished with great celerity, under the direction 
of 3Iessrs. James Brice, John Bullen, Charles Wallace, William Wil- ' 
kins, Beriah Marybury, John Brice, John Campbell, Joshua Frazier 
and Allen Quynn. 

Whilst these preparations were made to receive the expected men- 
of-war, the public mind, by dwelling upon the subject, became un- 
usually alert to credit alarming reports. On the fifth (jf March, 
about eight in the evening, information was received, tliat a ship of 
war was on her passage up the bay, and no distance from the city. 
•'The consternation," says Mr. Eddis, who was present, "occasioned 
be this information, exceeds description. Tne night was tempestuous : 
extremely dark ; and the rain descended in torrents ; notwitlistanding 
which, many persons began to remove their effects ; and the streets 
were quickly crowded with carriages, laden with furniture and prop- 
erty of various kinds. A little reflection must have made it evident, 
that, without violent provocation, hostilities would not have com- 
menced : and, at all events, that titnely notice would have been given, 
previous to any liombardment. It ought to have been considered, 
that a governor, acting under the authority of Great r)ritain. was resi- 
dent in the town, and, apparently, exercising the powers with which he 
was invested. Xo complaint had been transmitted, on his ])art, rela- 
tive to the treatment experienced by him, and the adherents of the ad- 
ministration. His prudent and consistent conduct had greoitly tended 
•to prevent personal outrages, and under such circumstances, it was 
12 



178 ' ' T n E A N C I E N T C I T Y . ' ' 

manifest, that no commander in his Majesty's service, could have 
formed the most distant idea of proceeding to extremities, withont 
communicating his intentions to the supreuie magistrate, .vim was un- 
doubtedly a valuable pledge in the hands of the people, tu secure* 
themselves and property from innnediate violence. 

"But as reason seldom operates under instantaneous imjtrcssions. 
the Governor resolved to jAn-sue every eligiliOe method that might ef- 
fectually remove the apprehensions so universally entertained. Ac- 
tuated by such motives, he made immediate application to the Coun- 
cil of Safety, and, in order to dissipate the general anxiety, jjroposed 
sending a flag of truce on board his Majesty's ship, the instant she 
made her a})pearance, or came to an anchor off the harl)or. An offer, 
so evidently tending to preserve the public trancjuility, was accepted 
with every suitable acknowledment ; and, on the seventh instant, a 
ship of war, accompanied by a tender, passed by Annajjolis, 1 had the 
honour to be deputed to perform this service ; on which occasi<jn I 
thought it necessary, in order to obviate any misrepresentation, to 
transcribe : as follows, the substance of my negotiation, for the iu- 
sf)ectation of the Governor, the Council of Safety, and the Committee 
of 01)servation. 

Friday, March Stli. 

"By order of his Excel ieucy liic (ton cnior. and. with the a]>proba- 
tion of the president of the Council of Safety, I repaired yesterday 
on board his ^Majesty's sloop, the Otter, commanded by Captain 
Squire, then lying at anchor in Chesapeake Bay. between Magothy 
River and the Bodkin : and delivered to liim a letter from the Gov- 
ernor, to which a satisfactory answer was retwrned. and immediately 
made known, for the general infor.t.ation of the citizens of Annai>o- 
lis." 

Whilst one part of the people were alarmed at the approach of the 
man-of-war, which ]n-oved to he the sloop of war Ott^r, Capt. Squire, 
and two tenders, the necessary disposition of troovis was made to re- 
ceive the enemy in case he thought ]>roper to hind, and expresses were 
dispatched to Baltimore and other parts of the province to connnuni- 
cate the presence of the foe. The Otter continued up Magothy River 
where she took a ship loaded with wheat and flour, and sevei'al other 
prizes. These, whilst in charge of the Otter's tenders, were subse- 
quently recaptured hj the Defence. Caj)t. Xicholson, the Otter stall- 
ing by and not offering assistance to her consorts. 

Mr'. Eddis gives a clear insight into the inner life of Annapolis ,i 
this interesting period. May 20. 1770. he wrote to England from An 
na polls ; 

"In consequence of residing with the governor. 1 expected an exemp- 
tion from any i)ev.alties inflicted on persons, who had refused to asso- 
ciate or enrol. But in this idea I was very materially mistaken. The 
cojnmittee of observation will not consider me as a member of his ex- 
cellency's household : alleging in support of their opinion, thai T hold 
ofTices immediately dependent on the province. These are iiot times 
to dispute nice ])oints. I have therefore j)aid ten pounds for my ^ne, 
and have taken a receij)t for the same, ^[y arms have likewise been 
demanded. I am, however, happy to inform you. that 1 have con- 
stantly been treated with kind attention, even by {)olitical opponents. 
It is my endeavour to regulate my conduct with propriety : carefully 



History OF Annapolis . 170 

avoidinsj: mixed company : taking heed that 'T offend not with my 
tongue V si'id not ])ermitting my pen to expatiate on the tendency of 
public transactions. I intrust this to tlie care of a friend, bound to 
jjisbon ; may it safely reacli you !" 

The Council of Safety, fearing that the large number of slaughter- 
houses then in Annapolis, would engender disease, adopted on July 
22d, the following : 

''M^/iereri'S, it hath been represented t^ the Council of Safety by 
])hysicians and others, that the intolerable stench arising from slaugh- 
ter-houses and spreading hides to dry in the city of Annapolis, may 
be productive of pestilential disorders and ill consequences to the 
troops and others residing in the said city: Therefore, ordered, that 
no butcher or other person shall, after the 2Gth of this instant, presume 
to slaughter bullocks, mutton, or any kind of meat, or i)ut up green 
hides to cure within the limits of said city for and during the terms 
of three months, thence next ensuing." 

On the 18tli of December, several of the citizens of Annapolis hav- 
ing received letters demanding their immediate departure from the 
city, and the Council of Safety being informed thereof, expressed its 
sense of the illegality of such a measure, by the following proceedings : 
''Li Covncil of Safety, December 19, 1776. 

"We are called upon by the duty of our station to take notice of 
the powers assumed by some persons yesterday evening in ordering 
divers of the inhabitants of the city of Annapolis into banishment, 
without any cause assigned, by cards transmitted them. We are of 
opinion such cards are contrary to our association, flying in the face 
of the resolves of congress and convention, andagahist the letter and 
spirit of our declarafion of rights. The peace of the State ought 
and must be preserved, and all'offenders brought l>efore the proper 
judicatures for trial. Therefore we earnestly recommend to all asso- 
ciators and other well disposed persons to discourage such extra ju- 
dicial and disorderly proceedings, tending in their consequences to 
prejudice the common cause, and to the destruction of order and regu- 
lar government. ' ' 

On the 23d of the same month, the Council of Safety transacted 
the following : 

" Whereas, we have received information that on Wednesday, 18th 
day of this instant, (December) in the evening, cards were delivered 
to sundry persons in the city of Annapolis, to the follpwing effect : 

" 'You are hereby ordered to depart this city tomorrow, 9 o'clook. 

Signed, J. Weems. 

" 'In behalf of Anne xirur.del county :' "' 

"Which cards we are informed were delivered by Stephen Stewart, 
Junior, the Council of Safety having taken the same into considera- 
tion, are of opinion that such cards are contrary to the resolves of 
congress and convention, and against the 21st section of the declara- 
tion of rights, which asserts 

"That no freeman ought to be taken or imprisoned, or deprived of 
his freehold, liberties, or privileges, or outlawed, or exiled, or in any 
manner destroyed, or deprived of Iris life, liberty or property, but by 
the judgment of his peers or by the law^ of the land." 

"Ordered, therefore, that the said John Weems and Stephen Stew- 
art, Junior, attend the Council of Safety on the thirtieth day of De- 



180 "The AxciENT City. ' ' 

cember, to shew l)y what authority the said cards were so made out 
and delivered." 

Ou the ^30th of December, Colonel John Weenis and Ste])heii Stew- 
art. Junior, accordinu'ly appeared V)el'ore the Council of Safety, and 
acknowledged that they htul been active in making out and delivering 
the cards mentioned in the order of the board, and having promised 
that they would not interitieddle in the same manner again, but would 
leave all persons to he dealt with according to the law of the land, 
they were dismissed by the (-(Mincil, on condition that they ]Kiy the 
messenger his fees. 

Annapolis, the centre of State (lovernment, felt every throb of the 
revolution. Here most of the political movements and martial 
preparations in the State had their initiative. Its people were strained 
to the utmost tension of excitement and were sullen and inimical to 
those who did not share their patriotic sentiments though always 
keeping within those bounds that courage and principle outline for 
the conduct of brave men against an enemy in their [)Ower. 

On July 0, 1776, the ^Maryland Convention then in session at An- 
napolis issued the following : 

Annapolis, Juhj 0th, 177G. 

••A Der/aratiun of f/ic Ddtgaia-s of Marylaml. 

'•To be exemi)t from parliamentary taxation, and to regulate their 
internal govdrnment and polity, the i)eo])le of this colony have ever 
considered as their inhei'ent and unalienable right : without the 
former, they can have no property; without the latter, no security 
for their lives or liberties. 

"The parliament of Great Britian has of late claimed an uncon- 
trollable right of binding these colonies in all cases whatsoever, to 
force an unconditional submission to' this claim the legislative and 
executive powers of that state have invariably jjursued, lor these ten 
years past, a studied system of opi)ression, by passing many impolitic, 
severe, ard cruel acts for raising a revenue from the colonists. l)y de- 
priving them in many cases of trial by jury, by altering the chartered 
constitution of one colony, and the entire stoppage of the trade of its 
capital, by cutting oil all intercourse betwecii the colonies, by restrain- 
ing them from fishing on their own coasts, by extending the limits of, 
and erecting, an arbitrary government in the province of Quebec, by 
confiscating the property of the colonists taken on the seas, and coni- 
])elliim- the crews of their vessels, under the i)ain of death, to act 
against tiieir native country and dearest friends, by declaring all 
seizures, detention, or destruction of the persons, or property of the 
colonists, to lie legal and just. 

"A war. unjustly commenced, hath been jjrosecuted against the 
united colonies with cruelty, outrageous violence, and perfidy : slaves, 
savajces, and foreign mercenaries have been meanly hired to rob a |)eo- 
ple of their ]>roperty. liberty, and lives : a peoi)le guilty of no other 
crime than deeming the last of no estimation without tlie secure 
enjoyment of the former. Their humble and dutiful petitions for 
]»eace. lil)erty. and safety have been rejected with scorn : secure of, 
and relying on, foreign aid. not on his national forces, the unrelent- 
ing monarcii of Brilian hath, at length, avowed by his answer lo the 
city of London, his determined and inexorable resolution of reducing 
these colonies to abject slavery. 



History OF AxxAPo US . 181 

"Compelled hj dire necessity, either to surrender our properties, 
liberties, and lives, into the hands of a British king and parliament, 
or to use such means as will most probably secure to us and our pos- 
terity those invaluable blessings, 

"We, tlie delegates of Maryland, in convention assembled, do de- 
clare, that the kiug of Great Britian has violated his comi)act with 
this people, and that they owe no allegiance to him. We have, there- 
fore thought it just and necessary to empower our deputies in congress 
to join with a majority of the united colonies in declaring them free 
and independent States, in framing such other confederacy between 
them, in making foreign alliances, and hi adopting such other meas- 
ures as shall be judged necessary for the preservation of their li!>er- 
ties : provided the sole and exclusive right of regnlatiug the internal 
polity and government of this colony Ije reserved to the people thereof. 
We have also thought pi'oper to call a new convention, for the pur- 
pose of establishing a government in this colony. Xo ambitious views, 
no desire of independence, induce the people of Maryland to form an 
union with the other colonies. To procure an exemption from parlia- 
mentary taxation and to continue to the legislatures of these colonies 
the sole and exclusive right of regulating their internal polity, was 
our original and only motive. 

"To maintain inviolate our liberties, and to transmit them unim- 
paired to posterity, was our duty and first wish ; our next, to con- 
tinue coiniected with, and dependent on Great Britain. For the 
truth of these assertions, we appeal to that Almighty Being who is 
emphatically styled the searcher of hearts, and from whose omnis- 
cience nothing is concealed. Relying on his divine protection and as- 
sistance, and trusting to the justice of our cause, we exhort and con- 
jure every virtuous citizen to join cordially in defence of our common 
rights, and in maintenance of the freedom of this and her sister col- 
onies. ''"•=• 

At a meeting of the associators of the city of Annapolis, on Thurs- 
day, the 11th of July, 1770, William Roberts, 'Esq., Chairman, and 
.Tno. Duckett, Clerk, it was 

"1st Resolved, That it is the duty of every inhabitant of the city 
of Annapolis, and all persons having property therein, to contribute 
every assistance in their power for the protection and defence of the 
city and the inhabitants thereof, and that Mr. James Brice, Mr. John 
Bullen. Mr. Charles Wallace, Mr. W^illiam Wilkins. Mr. Beriah May- 
bury, Mr. John Brice and Mr. John Campbell, or a majority of them, 
or of any three or more of them, be a committee to act on behalf of 
the inhabitants of this city, and that they wait on the Council of 
Safety, and inform them that the inhabitants will afford every assis- 
tance in their power for putting the city into the best posture of de- 
fence ; and that the inhabitants will, in person, or by others emjdoyed 
at their expense, labour on any intrenchments or works, which the 
council shall think necessary. 

"2d. Resolved. That the said committee be empowered to call on 
every person, having property therein, to labor in person, ortofurnisli 
some person to labor in his stead, at such time and place as the com- 
mittee shall think proper, on the works as may be ordered by the 
Council of Safety, to be erected for the defence of the city. 

* AnniJls of Aiinapolis, p. 177. 



182 " T H E A N C I E N T C I T Y . '. ' 

"3(1. Resolved, That the said committee be authorized Ui execute 
all matters which may be recommended by the Council (jf Safety, for 
the defence of the city, or for keeping the peace and good order 
therein. 

"4th. Kesolved, That no member of this meeting will, and that it 
is the opinion of meeting that no inhabitant of the city of Annapolis 
ought, to buy from or employ, any merchant, tradesman, or any other 
])erson who hath not subscribed tiie association. 

"5th. Resolved, That application be made by the committee to the 
Council of Safety not to employ in the public service any non-associa- 
tor, and that they be requested to give a preference to such tradesmen 
and others liave manifested their attachment and zeal to the liberties 
of America. 

••Ordered, That copies of the above resolutions ])e transmitted l)y 
the chairman to the associators of Baltimore town for rheir opinion 
and concurrence. 

••Ordered, That the names of the non-associators in this city be 
published and distributed among the inhabitants. 

"Resolved, That this meeting be adjourned to the lOtii day of Au- 
gust next, and that the committee have power to call a meeting at 
any time helore, if they shall thiuk pro;;er. 
••True copy of the proceedings, 

'Test: — Jxo. 1)l:.kett, Clerk. *'t 

•July 10th, six companies of the first battalion of Maryland troops, 
stationed at Annapolis, and commanded by Col. Wm. Smallwood, em- 
barked fur the head of Elk in high spirits, and three ccnnpanies of the 
same battalion, stationed in I>altimore town, embarked the same day 
for the same place, from thence they were in proceed to l^hila- 
delphia. 

[1777.] In the latter ])ar^ of June, 1770, Gov. Eden left Annapo- 
lis : but Mr. Eddis and another English oflicer continued to discharge 
their duties to ]\[ay 30th, 1777, eleven months after the Declaration 
of Independence, when they were given a most "amjde and honora- 
ble discharge from that employment." .Fune 7th, Mr. Eddis took 
leave witli a distressed mind of a tew faithful friends in Aiinajjolis, 
and set sail for England. 

March 5th, Martha, wife of George WasJiington, passed through 
Annapolis, on her way northward. 

On Friday. March 21st, 1777, Thomas .lohnson, the first repuldican 
governor of Maryland, was proclaimed the executive of the State at 
tlie State liouse. in the presence of a great concourse of people •'all of 
wliom exf)ressed the highest })lcasure in the proceedings." 

The pi-oeession began at the assembly h"M<" n"! i.vMf .wi..,l in the 
following order, to wit : 

IlighSheriir. 

The Jlon. the President of llif Snuii.-. 

Senators. 

(iovernor. 

Council. 

.^i'i-r;iiil at Arms with the Mace 

The lion, the Sjieaker of the Ibnise of Delegates. 

D(>l.'L--at.-. 

t .Annals nlAmi;i|>i>l!s, p. l.sO. 



H I S 1' (-) K V <) F A X X A i> O 1. 1 .s . I'^y 

Mayor of the city and llecorder. 
Aldermen. 
Common Council. 
Military Officers, 
(leutlemen Strangers. 
Citizens. 
Silence oeing commanded, the high sheriit' then proclaimed the 
governor. 

On the signal three vcllies of small-arms from the soldiers, who 
were [)aradcd in front of the State house, and thirteen cannons were 
fi]-ed. 

The procession then returned as follows : 

High Sheriff. 

His Excellency the Governor. 

The Council. 

The Hon. the President of the Senate. 

Senators. ^ 

The Sergeant at Arms with his Mace. 

The Hon. the Speaker of the House of Delegates. 

Delegates. 

Mayor and Recorder of the city. 

Aldermen. 

Common Council. 

Military OtTicers- 

Gentlemen Strangers. 

Citizens, 

and repaired to the coffee-house, where an entertainment was ])ro- 

vided. the field ollicers of the army and strangers the., in town being 

fill present. 

After dinner the following toasts were drank . 

1. Perpetual union and friendship between the States of America. 

2. The freedom and nidependency of the Americ;i,n States. 
'J. Prosperity to Maryland. 

4. The Congress. 

-■). General Washington and the American army. 

<>. The American navy. 

7. The arts and sciences. 

8. Agriculture. 

9. Trade and navigation. 

10. The friends of liberty throughout the woild. 

11. The memory of the brave patriots who have fallen in the cause 
of America. 

12. General Lee and our otlier friends in captivity. 

13. V/isdom and unanimity in the councils of America, and un- 
daunted courage in her forces to execute her measures. 

The whole concluded with an elegant ball in the evening. 

A matross, belonging to one of tlie companies stationed here, getting 
in the smoke before one of the cannons, just as it was fired, unhappily 
lost his life. 

About 9 A. M., on Thursday, the 21st of August, a considerable 
number of British men of war, transports and other vessels, passed 
the mouth of tlie Severn, and stood up the bay. Immediately after 
the fleet had passed Annaj)olis, Governor Johnson issued a proclama- 



184 '-'The Ancient City." 

tion callinir on all the county lieutenants, field and other officers of- 
the militia of Maryland, of the Cnitcd States, to march at 
least, tvv(j full comjtanies of each V)attalion at once, to the neigh- 
borhood of the Susquehanna River, in Cecil and Harford counties. He 
concluded his proclamation : "To defend our lil^erties, requires our 
exertions ; our wives, our children, and otir country, implore our a:;- 
sistancc : motives anii)ly sulTicicnt to arm every one who can be called 
a man." The Governor was encouraged in his patriotic efforts by in- 
formation that the Eastern Shore militia were collecting hi great num- 
bers, determined to make the most obstinate resistance against the in- 
vasion of the State. 

The B:ilish fleet proceeded to Turkey Point, on Elk River, near 
which the British army, under Sir William Howe, was quartered. 

October 0. Samuel Chase and John Brice, l']sq., were chosen to 
represent this city in the General Asseml)ly — the first gentleman de- 
clining to serve, Allen Quynn, Esq., was elected. 

[17T<S.] Early in 1778, Count Pulaski's legion of cavalry and in- 
fantry, raised j)artly in this State, was organized at Annapolis. The 
corps suffered severely in Xew Jersey the same year, and the next lost 
their heroic leader in Georgia. 

Allen Quynn and Samuel Chase were elected this year delegates 
from Ainuipolis to the Legislature. 

The (jdzf'fte, in consequence of the high price of provisions, raised 
its subscription to five pounds per annum. 

During this year, a considerable number of citizens of Annajio- 
lis, assembled in meeting. Charles Carroll, of Carrollton, in the ciuiir, 
and passed resolutions that a certain Mr. John Lawrence of the State 
of Pennsylvania, "ought to dej)art the city and not return without 
]iermission of the Goverr.or and Council," for having made threats of 
violence and attempted to jiut them in execution against .Ggyjamor 
Johnson, for carrying into 0]ieration against him a law that looked to 
the ascertainment of the fact, oi not, if the person has taken the oath 
of fealty reipiired by this Slate, and to re(iuire him to take the one 
prescribf-d liy ^Maryland, or be fined, imprisoned, or returned to his own 
State. ^Ir. Carroll, Mr. Jenning. Mr. Brice, ]Mr. Davidson, and Mr. 
Paca werr a]>])ointed a committee to present the resf>ective parties 
witli the meaning of the resolution. On the certificate of the ill- 
health of Mr. Lawrence by Dr. Murray, he was allowed to remain in 
the city until he could be removed with safety. 

The Legislature which a<ljourned December :>Oth. jiassed an act to 
enable Ihe corporation f)f the city of Annapolis to sell certain land-^. to 
lay a further tax on property, v.ithin the said city and its jtrecincts, 
to regulate and license ordinaries and retailers of spirituous liquors 
within the siiid citv and precincts thereof. 

[17.S0.] The (razHh- of January 28th. 1780. reduced by the war to 
a half sheet, said "several j)ersons have gone from this to Poplar Is- 
land, Rock-Hall, and Baltiinore-Town, on the ice, and are crossing to 
and from Kent Island every day, which has not been known before by 
our oldest iidiabitants, nor has the like ever happened, we believe, 
since the memory of man." 

On the 4th of February, the Gazctic olTlce was burned. Tlie prin- 
ters retiirned their sincere thanks 'to their fellow-citi/ens for their 
assistance on that unhappy occasion, and in a particular manner to* 



History of Annapolis. I'So 

those, whose exertions preserved their goods and reseued their dwoU- 
inii-house from the flames." , . ' 

' In elaborate discussion, bv means of communications in the 
Gazette, took phice in the early part of this year upon the question of 
confiscatiim- the property of British subjects. It was participated m 
by a number of correspondents under various signatures 5uch as • A 
Senator," "Publicola." "APlebian," "A Sentry." and -A Native of 
Xorth-Britahi." To show the warmth, with which the contest was 
carried on. the following is extracted from a communication pubhslied 
under date of February 27th : ^^ ^ , ,.^ o 

"It is ii.stly alarming to see principJes like the Senator s (the Sena- 
toi- defended the action of the Senate in not agreeing to the bouse 
Act to confiscate the property in question.) spread m a free country, 
when two years ago, if any man had talked in that manner, he would 
as soon have dared to put himself in the fire, and be tiirred and 
feathered, especially a member of our assemV)ly. Good (rod . W hat 
is this State come to. to be the subjects of Great Britani ? and we can- 
not take the property of our enemies to pay our taxes when, if it was 
in their power, they would take our lives. It is time for men.to trim 
and make fair wei^ther on both sides; but I can say this, though 1 
cannot write, I can think : and I have bonie a firelock ; and I can say 
it is toryiHm. The Plebian is the echo of his voice, and the hot-becl 
of a furnace in all diabolical plots and conspiracies. God deliver this 
country from them. I am, your humble servant, a Sentry, >.liv 
Ridge, Februarys?, 1780." ^., •. t i • 

In the same paper, -'A Xat i.ve of yortli-Bntam,'' exhibited m him- 
self the irreat personal liberty enjoyed in this intensely patriocic com- 
monwealth by writing under^date of February 28, and saying that by 
the bill of rights of this county "we are still the subjects of Britain 
and under the realmof tliat kingdom ;" and remarks that "it w^ouid 
lie a great force put on any who have come to my time of day, to cast 
off their native country."' He naively adds : "I would give the best 
coat on my back to see a termination of the dispute. Whether it was 
the debate or the Revolution itself, for which this handsome sacrifice 
would be made, is not known. 

"A Maryland 0/^>er," under the same date as tne above says: 
"The Senator, I take to he a scary fellow. * "^ * France and Spam 
will not suifer us to confiscate British property ! I would see France 

and Spain to before they should hinder us from doing what is 

right. ^ ^ ■ Was I of "the legislative body I would have him 
cashiered for h\-- mean spiritedness. He may do well enough in 
private life, but I'll be^ . if he is fit to wear a commission m a pub- 
lic station." i j-p i 
Xotwithstandinc: the wide margin the editor allowed tor doul)ttul 
])ersonal epithets.' it seems that even his doubtful taste was put to 
a cjreat strain, for. in the issue of March 3rd, he says : "Scoevola to 
the Senator, contains several questionable passages, and will be re- 
turned to the author. " "Vindex is likewise too personal and cannot be 
published." For the most part, however, it seems the discussion was 
carried on in a proper, though animated, spirit. 

Major-General Nathaniel Greene and Major-General Baron I)e Steu- 
ben, with their suites, arrived in Annapohs on Wednesday, November 
7th. 1780. on their way southward, the former to relieve General 
Gates of the command of the Southern Troops. 



186 ' ' T u E A N c I E N T City. ' ' 

• On the 8th oi' Soi)tember, 1780, the news of Baron De Kail)';? death 
reached AnnapoHs. He died from wounds received at the battle of 
Camden, South Carohna. DeKalb was leading his troops, his be- 
loved Marylanders, in a vigorous attack, when he fell j)ierced with 
eleven wounds. Col. Duliuysson his aid-de-camj). embraced him. and. 
announcing his rank and nationality to the encircling foes, be^-ged 
them to spare his life. Tlie gallant Englishmen responded with a 
soldiei-'s answer to the generous comrade, who, in protecting his Gen- 
eral, received several dangerous wounds, and who, with DeKalb, was 
taken prisoner, Althougli the brave officer received the most con- 
siderate attention from his captors, he died in a few days. His latest 
moments were sjjent in dictating a letter declaring his warmest affec- 
tion for the officers and soldiers of his command ; of the intense 
pleasure it gave him to hear from British officers the bravery of his 
troops ; of ins (iwn admiration of thp lieroic stand they made against 
superior nuuibei-s, after being forsaken by the remainder of the army : 
of the unmeasured deli-ght he experienced from the gallant conduct of 
the Doh»ware regiment and tlie compar.ies of artillery of his command, 
and of the aflVctionate regard he entertained for his entire division. 

The citizens of Annapohs particularly mourned DeKalb : for his 
manly virtues, exhibited wlulst he sojourned in the city recruiting his 
troops together with his patriotic conduct, had greatly endeared him 
to them. 

Coiigj-ess, froui a deep sense of gratitude for his gallant services. 

in October, 1780, "'Resolved, Th;it a monument be erected, to the 

memory of the late major-general, the Baron DeKalb, in the city of 

Annapolis, in tlie State of Maryland," with the following inseription : 

•'Sacred to the memory of 

The Baron DeKalb, 

Kuiglit of the royal order of military merit . 

Brigadier of the armies of France. 

and 

Major-general in the service Oi tlie Tnited 

States 

of America. 

Having served with honour and reputation for three years. 

He gave a last and glorious i)roof of his 

attachment to the liberties of mankind. 

and the cause of America, 

In the action near Camden, in the State of 

South Carolina, 

on tlie lOth August, 1780 : 

Where, leading ou the troops of the Maryhmd 

and 

Delaware lines, against, superior numbers. 

and animating them by his example to deeds 

of vahnir. 

lie was pierced with many woundsand 

on the UHli following expired, in the 48th year 

of his age. 

'J'he Congress of the United States of America, 

in gratitude to his zeal, services and merit, 

li,i\-.> .■i-..,.i,.,1 this nK^nnmenf."' 



History of Annapolis. 187 

This debt of one Inindred years standing was paid Ijy the Congress 
oi; 1883, and on the IGth of\\ugust. 1886, the statue of DeKalb. by 
E])hraim Keyser, was unveiled with appropriate ceren.onies. 

[1781.] In March, 1781, Annapolis was blockaded by the Hope 
and the Monk, British sloops of war. These prevented the French 
troops from reaching the Ilead of Elk. La Fayette found on arriving 
at Annapolis, the people greatly alarmed at the proximity of the 
British vessels, and very anxious to retain the French troops in the 
city. Meanwhile La Fayette contemplated making a land march 
to the Elk ; but wagons and horses were scarce and a trip that could 
be made in a day by boat, promised to consume ten days by the fre- 
quent ferriages across the mouths of rivers. The brave soldier obtained a 
small sloop and on it placed two 18-poui:derSj and, with this ridiculously 
unequal force, under Conunodore Nicholson, sallied forth to meet the 
foe. 

The little sloop that had excited the contempt of some of the timor- 
ous citizens, accompanied by another vessel, alarmed the Britisli so 
that after several manauivers they dropi)ed so far down the ]>ay. 
that La Fayette was enabled to embark with this army. 

On July, '18, 1781, a meeting of the citizens of Annapolis was held 
Charles Wallace in the chair, George Ranken clerk, to take into con- 
sideration the late law of the general assembly, for the emission of 
two hundred thousand pounds, to defray the expenses of the present 
campaign ; and the suliscription and association recommended by the 
legislature, to support the credit and value ^t said emission — it was 
among other things, resolved by the said meeting — that, as suffi- 
cient means could not be raised to carry on war by taxes — that the 
emitting of bills of credit was necessary, and deemed it to be the 
duty, and real interest of every citizen of the State — who was de- 
termined to prosecute the war in defence of his property and liberty, 
to exert every effort to support, the value of the said bills of credit, 
at par with gold and silver — and that every n an ought to associate to 
receive the said bills at par, 

James Brice, Jeremiah T. Chase, xVllen Quynn, Frederick Green, 
Nicholas Maccubbin, Jr., Samuel H. Howard, and Thomas Ilarwood, 
Esqrs , were appointed a committee, to attend to the conduct of as- 
sociators, and to see that none of them violated theirfaith and honour, 
l)y wilfully depreciating the said bill;! of credit — and that they should 
publish tiie name of any such offender, who should be deemed in- 
famous, and that to deal or associate thereafter with such an one, 
should be considered as dishonourable. That the credit of the paper 
money depended solely on public opinion, and must receive its value 
from the association of the principal merchants and inhabitants of 
Baltimore town, and the principal farmers in the several coiinties — all 
of whom were earnestly recommended to receive it at par with specie. 

The scenes at Annapolis at this period were well calculated to excite 
the populace to the utmost of patriotic resolve. At one day's notice 
twenty-three hundred militia assembled at Annapolis from Baltimore 
to meet an expected attack of the British fleet, vegiment after regi- 
ment of that glorious old ]\rary]and Hue was recruited at Annapolis 
and sent to the front. French "frigates sentinelled the mouth of the 
Severn, and thousands of French auxiliaries passed through the city 
towards Yo5'kt ovni , 



188 "The Ancient City." 

The British ilcet, however-. Aujirust 1781, passed up Vork River, and 
landed the British troops at York and Gloucester. 

On the 28th of August, the third Maryland Regiment. Lieut. Col. 
Peter Adams, commanding-, marched from Annapolis to join the 
Southern army. This reLrimeut was recruited here, and had all the 
appearance of a veteran corps. They were enlisted for three years, 
and were well equipped for the field. The friendships, engendered by 
the agreeal)le social relations between officers and citizens, whilst the 
recruiting was in progress, made the departure of the regiment one of 
general regret. The ardor of the soldiers on the prospect of meeting 
the enemy, and the martial appearance of the regiment inspired the 
sincerest anticipations that the Third would render marked service to 
their country and prove an honor to its State. It did not disappoint 
the hopes it iiad created— but these Maryland troops proved, as they 
had the ifistincts of gentlemen at home, they possessed the mettle of 
soldiers in the field. 

The recruiting service at Annapolis was under the direction of that 
intrepid soldier. Major-General Smalhvood. whose; distinguished 
qualities on the field, especially fitted him for this important j)art of 
the service. He gave it his unremitting attention. 

On the 7th of September, ten days after the Third, the Fourth 
Maryland Regiment, jNEajor Alexander Roxburg, marched from An- 
na])olis 1o join La Fayette. Tiie Regiment numbered GOO men, its 
full com|)lement. Washington was concentrating his forces for the 
decisive blow at Yorktown. All was ardor and zeal in Maryland — a 
State that never flinched in its duty during the whole of the fiery or- 
deal of the Jievolution. Annapolis was a focal point in its patriotism 
and preparation. On the 13th of September. transj)orts with the 
artillery, the grenadiers, and the Light Artillery, of the allied army, 
arrived from the Head of the Elk, en route for .lames River. On the 
'.8th, four thousand l^>ench troops, with a train of artillery, marched 
into Annai)olis from the North, on their way also to join VVashington 
in Yirginia. It was at this time, off the mouth of the Severn, were the 
Romulus, the Gentile and several other French frigates. The very 
air was martial and the inspiriting scenes in the busy and throbbing 
little city well foreshadowed the final victory of the Revolution. 

In the meantime, Sei^tember 8th. the battle of Eutaw had l)een fought 
and the^Maryiand troops, under the command of the "Hero of Cow- 
pens," Gen. .lohuEag-r Howard, added new lustre to their already 
glorious name. 

The news of Cornwallis' surrender reached Anna[)olis Saturday 
cvenincf, October 30th. It was couimunicatcd l)y Count de Grasse in 
a letter sent liy expr(>ss to the Governor. The citizens hailed with ac- 
clamations of joy and volleys of artillery. On ^londay afteruoon, 
./"c^'/^/r/o/V was fired l)y the ''-red artillery'."' and 'selected militia," 
and in tjie evening the ancient city was brilliantlv illuuiiujited. 



H I S T O K Y O F A N N A P h i 8 . 189 

CHAPTER XXXXIX. 

A Political PursoxER in Axxa polls DrPvixi; tjie 
Revolution. 

The Eiio-lish Collector of Customs of Annapolis had an exi)erience 
rarely allotted to an officer in an enemy's country. For nearly three 
years after violent retaliatory measures had comnionced, and for two 
years after open hostilities were carried on, he had been allowed to re- 
main in Annajjolisas the King's officer, and collect the royal customs. 
Ilis personal expeiience as found in his published letter, describes the 
vibrations of public senti'uent and the march of events in a graphic 
manner. On Monday, June 10th, 1776, he writes : 

"Tomorrow I must obey the summons of the Connnittee. My col- 
league and T have drawn uj) the following representation of our case, 
which we mean to deliver to the chairman of that l>ody, in order to 
obviate the necessity of entering into bond. 

•• 'To the chairman and members of the Couimittee of Observation 
for Anne Arundel county, 
'"■ 'Genthiiiev, 

•* 'We flatter ourselves that the foUovring representation will engage 
the committee's candid, and dispassionate consideration ; and that 
when the personal liberty of even an individual is concerned, his en- 
deavours to preserve it will be received with indulgence. 

" 'You will please, gentlemen, to observe, that it is not ordered by 
the convention, that the Committees of Observation take bonds of all 
non-associators, but it is left to their discretion, whether to require 
bonds or not ; and, in the exercise of this power, though the commit- 
tees are not held, as magistrates are in similar cases, by the obligation 
of an oath, yet we presume they are bound in honour, not to demand 
security unnecessary for the public good, and incouA-enient and em- 
barrassing to the persons called upon. 

"'From the above consideration we inferred, on being required to 
give up our arms, without any demand or hint respecting the enter- 
ing into bonds, that the Committee of Observation, in their discretion, 
did not deem it necessary, or conducive to the public good. Had we 
been called upon for that purpose, we should have had an opportunity 
of appealing immediately to the convention. To that respectable 
body, we could have represented our peculiar circumstances ; that we 
are officers of the Crown ; that we have given security in London for 
the faithful discharge of our duty, agreeable to instructions from 
time to time received, respecting the revenue of customs ; that we are 
not entitled to our salaries without a nihil account, transmitted quar- 
terly of our proceedings ; and. that though a correspondence of this 
nature could lie no way injurious to America, yet it might, perhaps, 
be deemed a breach of the proposed bond, and consequently deprive 
us of the means of subsistence for ourselves and families ; for by the 
condition of this bond, "no correspondence, directly or indirectly, by 
letter, message, or otherwise, with any person holding a civil office 
under the crown." is allowable, even a demand for, and receipt of 
our salaries, would be a breach :f the condition prescribed. 

" 'Although we are not natives of this country, we are animated 
with the warmest attachment for its interest and happiness ; and we 



100 • ' T II E A N C I E X T C I T Y . ' ' 

flatter ourselves, that our conduct, for a teini of years, has beeu 
generally approved, both as servants of the public, and members of 
the community. We are determined to persevere, faithfully and 
lionourably, in discharging the duties ot our respective offices, as long 
as witli propriety we can act in the same ; Vmt we cannot sacrifice our 
honour, or prostitute our oaths, for temporary indulgences. Should 
we be obliged to depart from this continent, we hope we shall be per- 
mitted to take leave, with security to our persons and property, 
agreealtly to a res'ilve of the convention, in that case provided ; and 
wherever we may fix our residence, we shall retain the most affec- 
tionate regard for Maryland, without deviating from our allegiance 
to our Sovereign, whicli has been, and will ever continue to be the 
invariable ride of our conduct. Not to trespass, gentlemen, upon 
your time, permit us to assure you, that we cannot, consistent with 
our peace of mind, enter into the proposed bond. We act solely from 
principle, and the dicta; es of conscience. Relying, therefore, on your 
impartiality, we sliall cheerfully suVnnit to whatever you may please 
to determine : and however Providence may dispose of us in future, 
our prayers shall be continually oft'cred for the prosperity of this once 
happy province, most ardently wishing a permanent and constitutional 
reconciliation may speedily take place, and that Great Britain and 
America may remain, to the latest period, one happy, free, and undi- 
vided empire. 

"We are, gentlemen. 

"Your obedient, humble servants. 

"JoHx Clapham, 
••W.M. Eddis." 

*' 'Should the Committee be pleased to determine, agreeable to tiie 
resolve of the convention, and grant us passes to depart tlie country, 
we have only to desire that a sufficient time may be allotted us, to 
s»-ttle the various and intricate concerns of the loan-office, which we 
need not observe, are of the utmost imiwrtance to the community in 
general. It is also highly incum])ent on us, to leave the l)usiness of 
that department in a clear state, so that our securities, who are en- 
gaged in very large sums for our fidelity, may be honourably dis- 
carged from the ol)ligations entered into on our behalf. 

"We are by no means sanguine, with regard to the above api)lica- 
lion ; on the contrary, we are prepared to encounter every disagreea- 
iile consequence. It is possible a few weeks may be allotted, to ad- 
just provincial and private concerns : we nnist then give up every 
llattering expectation ; every late erec ;ed hope. We must forsake 
ALL, or act inconsistently with the dictates of honour and of con- 
si'ience.'' 

The connnittee required Messrs. Eddis and Clapham to give bond 
of £10.000 each, not to communicate with the enemy. On their refusal 
rhey were ordered to leave the province before tiie first of August. 

June iGtli, he wrote "I look forward with extreme impatience to 
the liour of my departure from this country, where every surround- 
ing prospect is dreary and uncomfortable.'* 

On the 1st of October he writes : 

"My worthy colleague and his family arc |)reparing to remove from 
Annapolis to a houso belonging to ]Mr. D . on I hinting Uidge, ab.nit 



H I S T O R Y F A N N A P (1 L T S . 1 9'l 

six ir.iles distant from Baltimore to which ])l;>ce I iiitc)i(] to accompany 
them. We propose to attend alternately in t.iiis city, nntil dis- 
charged from employments, or confirmed in th( in.*' 

HuNTixc; RjDGE, November 1. 

*'I write to you from one of themos: delightfnl situationson the con- 
tinent of America, where 1 have obtained an occasional retreat from 
the noise, the tumult, and the miseries, of the public world. From 
the back piazza of our habitation, we command a truly picturesque 
view into several fertile coujities : a distant prospect of the eastern 
shore : the mag-nificent waters of the Chesapeake, and the river Pa tap- 
sco, from the entrance at the Bodkin Poir.t. to its apparent termina- 
tion at the town of Baltimore. After this inadequate descriptioji, I 
need not observe, that we reside on a lofty eminence where 

' the air 

Niujbly, and sweetly recommends itself 
Unto our gentle senses.' 

"xls Mr. C and myself are not superseded in our office we at- 
tend in rotation, every other week, in Annapolis, from which this 
place is about thirty miles distant. The contrast we experience on 
these occasions is hardly to be described ; from the churlish sounds of 
of hostile preparation to the calm enjoyment of peaceful retirement. 
Though in the vicinity of a large and populous town, agitated with 
uproar and confusion, and rumours of approaching calamities, here, 
sheltered by surrounding woods, we ai'e entirely secluded from 
the busy haunts of men. and are benevolently permitted to enjoy 
our retirement without dread of molestation. It is well known that 
we have never attempted, by any injudicious steps, to incur the resent- 
ment of those v\-ho conceive they are warranted by justice and by duty, 
to take a contrary part : and while we thus continue to regulate our 
conduct, we shall surely experience attention, with the most perfect 
security. ' ' 

January 1st, 1777, he says : 

"Myself and colleague are not yet superseded in our provincial em- 
ployment : but the day is assuredly at hand. When the event has 
taken place, I am persuaded I shall be at liberty to revisit England ; 
and have reason to believe, I shall be necessitated to shape my 
course by way of the West Indies. I think it possible we may be re- 
stored to each other early in the ensuing summer." 

April 2. he writes, "We are at length superseded in our depart- 
ment as commissioner of the loan office." 

Saturday, June 7, he embarked to return to England by way of the 
West Indies, permission having been refused him by the Americans 
to enter the British lines. On that date, he wrote : 

' 'I have taken leave of the few faithful friends still residing in An- 
napolis. Perhaps a final one ! It is a painful distressing idea ! But 
I am hastening to those, my separation from whom I have so long 
felt, and lam.ented. That thought will firmly support me under every 
anxious trial it may be yet my fortune to encounter. I shall embark 

in a few minutes. So will Mr. D , as his vessel is likewise in the 

harbour, and rerdy for sea. Our projected route, though aiming at 
the same pohit, is widely different. I shall deliver this to his care. 



192 ♦ 'The Ancient City. ' ' 

Should he accomplish his passage, agreeable to liis wishes, lie must 
reach England long before I can possil^lv expect that happiness. 
Adieu!" 



CHAPTER XL. 
Annapolis After the liEvoLrTiox. 

1781— 1T«^. 

In the minds oi the people the battle of Vorkt(j\vu had closed the 
war. On his way northward. General Washington arrived in Au- 
na[>olis, on Wednesday, November 21st, 1781. 

''When the citizens received the })leasing information of his Excel- 
lency's arrival, all business ceased, and every consideration gave way 
to their impatience to behold their benefactor, and the deliverer of 
his country. On his appearance in the streets, people of every rank 
and every age eagerly pressed forward to feed their eyes with gazing 
on the man, to whom, under Providence, and th'J generous aid of our 
great and good ally, they owed their security, and hopes of future 
liberty and peace; the courteous affability, with which he retnrned 
their dilutes, lighted up ineffable joys in every countenance, and 
diffused the most animated gratitude through every breast. 

"You would have thought the very windows spoke, so many greedy 
looks of young and old through casements darted their desiring eyes 
upon his visage ; and that all walls, with painted imagery, had said 
at once, '-God 5ave thee, Washington." 

'■The general's arrival was announced by the discharge of cannon, 
and he was accompanied to his Excellency the Governor, by the honest 
acclamations of the whigs ; a few tories, to expiate their crimes and 
shunie oif the opprobium of their characters, feebly joined in aj)plaud- 
ing the man whose successes had annihilated their liopes, and wh(;se 
conduct was a satire on their principles. The President of the Senate, 
Speaker of the House of Dekgates. Members of the House of Delegates. 
Members of the General Assembly and Council, and many of the citi- 
zens, hastened to offer their tribnte of affection, which was ricidy re- 
paid l)y the engaging frankness and affectionate i)oliteness of the iv- 
eejjtion. The evening was spent at the Governor's elegant and hos- 
pitable board with festive joy, enlivened by good-humour, wit. and 
beauty. 

"On the next day the General partook of a public dinner given hy 
the legislature, as a mark of their respect, and to render the jjartici- 
pation of his com])any as general as possiV)le. In the evening the city 
was beautifully illuminated, and an assembly prepared for the ladies, 
to afford them an opportunity of beholding their friend, and thanking 
their protector with their smiles. '•■ 

• Md. Guzetie. 



History OF Annapolis. 19:3 

"His Excellency, to gratify the wishes of the fair, crowned the en- 
tertainment with liis presence, and with graceful dignity and familiar 
ease so framed his looks, his gestures, and his words, that every heart 
overflowed with gratitude and love, and every tongue grew eloquent 
in his praise. When he retired from the assembly — with one united 
v;.ice, all present exclaimed, 

"Unrivalled and unmatched shall be his fame 
And his own laurels shade his envied name." 

The day on which General Washington reached Annapolis, the fol- 
lowing address was presented by the citizens : 

"To his Excellency General Washington. 

"The citizens of Annapolis feel themselves happy in having an op- 
portunity, personally, to express thoii* affection for, and gratitude to, 
your Excellency. Your private character forces admiration from the 
foes of virtue and freedom. 

"We derive peculiar pleasure fro-c the contemplation, that the 
successes at Trenton and Princetown laid the corner stone of our 
freedom and independence, and that the capture of Earl Cornwallis 
and his army has completed the edifice, ad secured the temple of lib- 
erty to us and our posterity. These brilliant and important events 
are the more agreeable to every American, from the reflection that 
they were planned by, and executed under, the immediate command 
of your excellency. 

"The love of your country alone, which induced you to accept the 
command of our armies at the expense of domestic happiness ; the 
persevering fortitude and equanimity of soul you have displayed on 
every occasion, and the very important services rendered America, 
justify us in saluting you as the patriot, the hero, and the saviour of 
your country. 

"Our prayers, with those of millions, are daily offered up to the 
Supreme Ruler of the Universe, for your health, safety and happi- 
ness. 

(Signed,) John Bullen, Mayor. 

"Annapolis, November 21st, 1781."' 

To which address General Washington made the following reply : 

"Sir, — I am obliged by the polite and affectionate address of the 
citizens of Annapolis. Nothing can be more flattering to me than to 
know, that my general conduct has met the approbation of my coun- 
trymen ; it is the most grateful reward for those sernces which I have 
ever, in the course of ray command, endeavoured to render them, but 
which their too great partiality has oftentimes over-rated. That the 
State in general, and this city in particular, may long enjoy the bene- 
fits which they have a right to expect from their very spirited exer- 
tions in the prosecution of this just war, is the sincere wish of, 
"Sir, your most obedient and very humble servant, 

"George Washington. 

"The Worshipful John Bullen, Esq., 

"Mayor of the City of Annapolis. 

"Annapolis, November 21st, 1781."' 
On Friday, the 23rd, General Washington resumed his journey 
Northward. 
13 



194 ''The Ancient City. '' 

Annapolis was at this period a city of great importance. On the di- 
rect line of travel to tlie Xorth, Ijy way of Kock Hall on the Eastern 
shore, it received all the prominent generals of the war who passed 
from Xorth to South or the reverse. Loyal to its principles, hospita- 
ble to a fault, ample in resources, the distinguished stranger who 
chanced in its midst or ^he historic or patriotic event that happened 
in their hearing, were certain to be awarded the honors of a cannonade 
or the convivialities of the banquet. 

On the 2r)th of June, 1781, the birth of a Dauphin was celebrated in 
the city by a public dinner given in the State House where a numer- 
ous and respectable assembly gatlicred and many toasts were drunk 
suitable to the occasion. At intervals during the day there were five 
hundred discharges of cannon, and at night a splendid ball was 
given. 

[1783.] "On the 4th of January, 1783, count Rochambeau. with 
this suite, arrived in Annapolis, and the next morning embarked on the 
"Le Emerande" for France. 

On the 24th of April, Annapolis celebrated the signing of the treaty 
of peace between England and America. An extensive building suffi- 
cient to accommodate many hundreds was erected on Carroll's Green, 
thirteen pieces of artillery planted, and an elegant dinner provided. 
The proclamation of peace was then read, and thirteen cannon an- 
nounced the white-winged messenger. The gentlemen then repaired to 
dinner, at which were present, his Excellency, the Governor, the 
honorable council. Members of the Senate and Delegates of the As- 
sembly, and a large number of gentlemen, l»oth of town and country ; 
who "with unfeigned satisfaction congratulated each other on the 
blessings of peace — the rising glory of their country — the prospects of 
her commerce — her future grandeur and importance in the scale of 
nations. 

"After dinner the following truly liberal, generous, and patriotic 
toasts were drunk, each attended with thirteen cannon :*' 

1. The third of February, 178o — in perpetual memory, on wliich 
day a virtuous war was concluded by an honouraVjk' peace. 

2. The United States — may their confederacy endure forever. 

3. Friendship with France — may every nation imitate the depth 
and moderation of her policy, by which the freedom of navigation has 
been secured, the liberty of these States confirmed, and the blessings 
of peace and commerce diffused throughout the globe. 

4. His Excellency, General Washington. 

5. The generals, officers and soldiers of our army — may their ser- 
vices 1)6 remembered, and generously rewarded by a grateful people. 

6. The French generals, officers, and troops, who served in America. 

7. The Marquis of Fayette — may our posterity ever retain a grate- 
ful sense of his strong attachment to this country, and of the im- 
portant services rendered it in the field and cabinet. 

8. The immortal memory of the gallant soldiers and virtuous citi- 
zens who gloriously fell in the late war. 

9. The patriots of America — honour crowns tlieir labours ; may 
future ages revere their memory, and emulate their fame. 

10. The United Xetherlands, and the friendly j)owers in Europe. 

11. May the influence of the present revolution be extended to all 
the nations of the earth, by introducing among them that spirit of 



History of Anxapolis. 195 

humanity, and religious toleration, which has so peculiarly dis- 
tinguisjied this country, and united the efforts of all denominations of 
Christians in the support of freedom. 

12. The Commissioners of the United States at Paris. 

13. The State of Maryland— may she ever support religion, learn- 
ing, and virtue ; preserve justice, public faith, and honour ; give every 
encouragement and attention to agriculture and commerce ; and on 
all occasions maintain with dignity her narional character." 

At night, the State House was beautifully and brilliantly illumi- 
nated and an elegant entertainment given at the ball-room to the 
ladies. 

Major-General Greene and his suite arrived in the city from the 
South on their way Xorth on September 25th, 1783. On the next 
day the Corporation met, and presented the following address : 
To the Hon. Major-General Greene: 

"Sir, — We, the Mayor, Recorder, Aldermen, and Common Council, 
of the city of Annaj^olis, impressed with the most greatf ul feelings for 
-the eminent services rendered these United States, and the cause of 
liberty, by the Southern Army under your command, beg permission 
to congratulate you on your arrival in'this city, and to testify, with 
the sincerest respect and regard, the lively sense we entertain of the 
invaluable blessings secured to us, by your conduct and unremitted 
assiduity, in the noblest cause that ever graced a soldier's sword. 

"Justice would wear the aspect of adulation, were we to enumerate 
the many signal endowments which endear you to the inhabitants of 
this city, and inspire us with the warmest and most respectful o-rati- 
-tude. They are such as will ever engage our prayers to Divine Provi- 
• dence, that you may long continue to possess the affections of a 
generous republic ; to share the sweets of domestic felicity ; and to ex- 
perience the happy reward of your distinguished virtues. 

"This address springs from the heart ; and we solicit your accep- 
tance of it, as the genuine sentiments of a grateful people. 
"Signed by order and in behalf of the corporation. 
"James Brige, Mayor. 

"AxNAPOLis, September 26th, 1783." 
To which the General returned the following answer : 

"Annapolis, September 27th, 1783. 
"Gentlemen. — It is with the highest satisfaction I receive your 
^affectionate address, and feel my bosom glow with gratitude upon the 
occasion. 

"The happy termination of the war affords the most pleasing field 
for contemplation, and while it promises the richest harvest "to the 
good citizens of America, it gives the sweetest pleasure, and most de- 
sirable repose to the soldier. If the operations of the Southern Army 
have answered the expectations of the public, or have had any 
influence upon this great event, I shall consider it one of the 
most happy employments of my life. And if to this I may venture to 
flatter myself, that my conduct either merits, or meets in the smallest 
degree, the approbation of the public, I shall be still more happy. 
The honour you have done me, and the troops under my command, 
jare too sensibly felt to be fully expressed, or properly acknowledged! 



196 * ' T 11 E A X CI E N T C I T Y . ' ' 

"I beg leave to return my most sincere thanks to the corporation,- 
for the interest they take in what concerns my future hap[)iness, 
peace, and prosperity. 

"I have the honour to be, gentlemen, 

"Your most obedient, humble servant, 

"Nathianiel Greene. 
"To the Corporation of the City of Annapolis." 
November 21&t, 1783, the order of the society of Cincinnati, for 
Maryland. was inaugurated in Annapolis; Otho 11. Williams in the chair; 
John Eccleston, Secretary. The order elected : Major-General Small- 
wood, president. ; Brigadier General Gist, vice-president ; Brigadier 
General Williams, secretary ; Col. Ramsey, treasurer ; and Lieut. 
Col. Eccleston, assistant treasurer. Annapolis was appointed the 
place for their annual meeting. 

On Monday. November 29th, 1784, Generals Washington and La- 
Fayette arrived in Annapolis. The next day the Legislature ordered 
a ball to be given in honor of the visitors. The Gazette says : 

"The evening was crowned with the utmost joy and festivity, the 
whole company being made happy by the presence of two most amia- 
ble and all-accomplished men, to whom America is so deeply indebted 
for her preservation from tyranny and oppression." 

The folloAving addresses were presented l)y the executive and legis- 
lative bodies respectively to the Marquis, during his \isit at An- 
napolis : 

"Annapolis, November 30th. 1784. \ 
In Council. J 

"Si]-, — We. the Governor and Council of INIaryland, beg leave with 
the most entire respect and he-.irt-felt satisfaction, to embrace this 
first opportunity of your presence in the metropolis of this State, since 
the estiiblishment of our peace, to offer you our warmest congratula- 
tions, and to express our high and grateful sense of the illustrious 
share wiiich you bore in the accomplishment of that happy event. 

"The early and decided part which you took in the cause of Ameri- 
can liberty and glory, your generous services for us in the court of 
your august monarch, our great and good ally, and your wise and 
magnanimous conduct in the field, upon many of tlie most arduous 
occasions of the war, have endeared your name to America, and en- 
rolled it high in the list of patriots and heroes, the supporters o'! her 
lil)erty and foundors of her empire. 

"May, sir, your future days be as great and honourable as the past, 
and may heaven take under'its peculiar care and i.rotcction. a life so 
eminently distinguished for its attachment and devotion to the rigiits 
and liberties of mankind. With every sentiment of regard and re- 
spect. \<Q have the honour to be, sir, your most oV)edient humble ser- 
vant, 

"William Pac^a. 
"The honourable the Marquis de la Fayette." 
La Fayette replied : 

"To his Excellency the Governor and the honourable Council of the 
State of Maryland. 

"Sir, — In the polite attention of yourExcellency and Council, T find 
myself equally obliged to your attachment, and honored by your ap- 
proVtation. 



History of Annapolis. 197 



liave been early adopted among the sons of freedom, to have 
rench and American standards united in the canse of mankind, 



"To 
•seen French 

to have so peculiarly shared in the confidence and friendship of the 
United States, are ideas the more pleasing to me, as I am assured, 
when I reflect upon the difficulties this country overcame, that she 
will attend to the means of splendor and happiness, which now, thank 
>God, are in her disposal. 

''I beg, sir, your Excellency and Council will accept the warmest 
acknowledgments, and sincerest wishes that an affectionate heart can 
most respectfullv bestow. 

"La Fayette." 

"November 30th. 1784. 
'•Sir,— The General Assembly of Maryland, are happy in having an 
•opportunity of personally testifying the grateful sense they and their 
constituents entertain of the important services which you rendered 
these United States during the late war. The strong attachment 
which you have jnanifested'to its interests in situations the most try- 
ing and difficult, still continues to actuate your conduct ; to this at- 
•tachment and predilection we partly attribute the commercial ar- 
rangements lately adopted by his Most Chrisiian Majesty, which bid 
fair'to perpetuate and extend the friendly intercourse and connexions 
between his subjects and the citizens of these United States. 

"May the Great Ruler of the Universe long preserve a life which 
has been so early dedicated to the service of humanity, and engaged 
in the most useful and brilliant actions. 

"George Plater. 

President of ihe Senate. 
"Thomas C. Deye, 

Speaker of the House of Delegates. 

"The Marquis de la Fayette. 

"To the Honorable the General Assembly of Maiyland : 

"Gentlemen, — On this opportunity so pleasingly anticipated, of my 
.respectful congratulations to your General Assembly. I meet such 
precious marks of your partialitV, as most haitpily complete my satis- 
faction. 

"Amidst the enjoyments of allied successes, affection conspires with 
interest to cherish a mutual intercourse ; and in France you will tiver 
•find that sympathizing good will, which leaves no great room for 
private exertions. With the ardor of a most zealous heart, T earnestly 
hope this State, ever mindful of the public spirit she has conspicuously 
displayed, will to the fullest extent improve her natural advantages, 
.and in the Federal Union so necessary to all. attain the highest degree 
of particular happiness and prosperity. 

"While you are pleased, gentlemen, to consider my life as being de- 
voted to the service of hunianity, I feel not less gratified by so flatter- 
ing an oliservation than by your friendly wishes for its welfare, and 
the pleasure I now experien'ce in presenting you , with the trilmte of 
my attachment and gratitude. 

"La Fayette." 

During the sitting of this legislature, the following act was passed : 
"An act to naturalize Major-General, the Marquis de la Fayette and 
his heirs male forever. 



198 . "The Anci ENT City. " 

"Whereas, the General Assembly of Maryland, anxious to perpet- 
uate a name dear to the State, and to recoijnize the Marquis de la 
Fayette fir one of its citizens, who. at the age of nineteen, left his- 
native country, and risked Ids life in the late revolution ; who, on his 
joining the American army, after being appointed l)y congress to the 
rank of Major-General, disinterestedly refused the usual rewards of 
connnand, and sought oidy to deserve, what he attained, the charac- 
ter of patriot and soldier ; who, when appointed to conduct an in- 
cursion into Canada, called forth by his prudence and extraordinary 
discretion, the approbation of Congress ; who. at the head of a-, army 
in Virginia, balTled the manoeuvres of a distinguished general, and ex- 
cited the admiration of the oldest commanders : who early attracted 
the notice and obtained the friendship of the illustrious General 
Washington ; and who laboured and succeeded in raising tlie honour 
and name of the Cnited States of America ; therefore, 

''Bp it cnarfcrl, by the (TCiierdl As-^emhly of Maryland, That the 
Marquis de la Fayette, and his heirs male forever, shall be. and they 
and each of them are hereby deemed, adjudged, and taken to be 
natural born ciiizens of this State, and shall henceforth be entitled to 
all the immunities, rights, and privileges of natural born citizens 
tljereof, they and every one of them conforming to the constitution 
and laws of this State, in the enjoyment and exercise of such immuni- 
ties, rights and privileges." 



CHAPTER XLI. 

Anna POLLS Wants to Bl tih<: Capital of the 
Unlfed S'rATP:s.'''' 

[1783.] In the proceedings of the corporation of Annapolis, Mon- 
day the 12th of j\[ay, 178:3 ; at which were present, James Brice, Esq., 
Mayor; Samuel Chase, Esq., Recorder ; Allen Quynn, Esq., .lohn 
BuUen. Esq., John Brice, Esq., Aldermen : Frederick Green. Esq., 
John Daviiison, Esc^.. William (joldsinith, Esq.. Samuel 11. Howard, 
Esq., Beriah Maybury, Esq., John Chalmei-s. Esq., Common Council- 
men, 

"It being rejjresented to the Corporation, tliat the welfare and hi- 
terest of the United States require that Congress should have a fixed 
place of residence, and with jurisdiction and Executive and .fudicial 
powers within the same, and over all ])ersons inhabiting or residing 
within the district allotted for their residence ; and this city from its 
central situation to the federal States , and the convenience of the 
raemliers of Congress to repair thither by land or water: the facility 
of receiving and conveying intelligence to Euroj)e : audits remarka- 
ble healthiness : and capacity of defence from any attack of an 
* From (Council pioceedinjj;? of 178;^. 



History of Annapolis. 199 

enemy ; being, in the opinion of this corporation, the most eligible 
place in the United States, for the residence of the Honorable Con- 
gress, and their officers and foreign ministers, 

'■^Resolved, That the members of this Corporation be directed tocon- 
snlt the citizens thereon and report the same to this Corporation on 
Wednesday next. 

''Ordered, That the following notice be set np at the State Honse 
and Market House and other public places in the city, to wit ; 

"A meeting of the citizens of Annapolis is requested by the Cor- 
poration on Wednesday, at 10 o'clock in the morning, at the house of 
Mr. Charles Ridgely to express their sentiments, if the General As- 
sembly will oiler this city and its precincts to Congress for their per- 
manent residence ; whether they will agree to such offer and consent 
to be subject to such jurisdiction and power within the city and its 
precincts and over the inliabitants and residents thereof as the General 
xVssembly shall think proper to grant to the United States in Congress 
Assem.bled." 

On the 14th, the Corporation met again. 

''The memljers of the Corporation having reported that they had 
consulted the citizens and taken their opinion, whether this city and 
its precincts, ought to be offered to the Honorable Congress for their 
permanent residence, with jurisdiction over the same and the citizens 
having unanimously agreed thereto, 

"HesoIuc'I, Unanimously, that if the Honorable the General Assem- 
bly will offer this city and its precincts containing about three hundred 
acres of land to the llonoraljle Congress for the permanent residence 
of that body and successors, that this corporation, and their constitu- 
ents most cheerfully agree to such oiler and consent to be subject to 
such jurisdiction and power within the city and its precincts, and over 
the Inhabitants and residents thereof as the General Assembly shall 
think proper to grant ; to the United States in Congress Assembled. 

"■jResohed, That the Worshipfull the Mayor,. authenticate this Act 
under the Seal of the Corporation and present the same to the General 
Assembly." 

On the 7th of July at another session of the City Council : 

"The Worshipfull, the Mayor, laid before the Corporation a letter 
to him from the Honorable James ]McIIenry, Delegate of this State to 
Congress, Dated the oOth of last month, requesting to be furnished 
with an accurate account of the births and deaths in this city for the 
last 15 or 20 years which was read, and it appearing on enquiry that 
no regular and complete register of deaths or births has been kept be- 
fore the war, and that no register of any kind has been kept since 
that time, 

"Ordered. That Messrs. Goldsmith, Fairbrother, Chalmers, Mills, 
and Reynolds be appointed to inquire and report to the Mayor the 
number of births and deaths of the inhabitants within this city and 
its precincts between the 1st day of July, 1778, and the 1st day of 
this present month ascertaining as far as can be the number of whites 
and blacks, infants and grown persons, and the cause of death, and 
that they report the number of inhabitants in this city during the 
last year, 
"Mr. Mayor is requested to transmit the said report to Mr.- McHenry . 

"Ordered. That a plat of this city and its precincts be made out 
and Mr. Mayor is requested to transmit the same to Mr. McHenry." 



200 ' ' T H E A N C I E X T C I T V . ' • 

The proceedings were continued on a kindred subject on Sjiturday, the 
1st of Xovember, 178o, vvlien 

'"The Mayor laid before the Corporation a letter from the Honor- 
able James 'McHenry and Daniel Carroll, Delegates of Congress for 
this State, dated the 2;>rd day of October last, to the late Mayor 
enclosing the resolution of Congress of the same date respecting the 
temporary residence of Congress in this city and also a letter from the 
Hon. James Mollenry requiring suitable provision miirlit be made for 
the reception of the Members, Ministers, and Officers oi Congress — all 
which being considered, it was ordered that a committee of the Mem- 
bers of the Cor[)oration be appointed to inquire what houses can be 
procured for Congress and for what rent, and also how many boarding 
houses are in town, the accommodation of each and the sums upon 
which members can be l)oarded." 

"Mc^ssrs. Allen Quynn, John Jh-ice, John Davidson, and Jolm Chal- 
mers were accordingly ai)pointed.'' 

The council loaned Isaac Mclland £100 Continental Currency "to 
enable liim to provide fortheaccommodationof members of Congress." 

The legislature of Maryland ap[)ears to have taken no steps to 
furthei- the ajnbitious aspiration of Annapolis. On Tuesday, Octo- 
ber 21st, Congress settled the question as to the seat of government, 
so far as Annapolis was concerned l)y the i)assage of the following : 

••Whereas, there is reason to expect that the ])roviding buildings 
for the alternate residence of Congress in two places, will be produc- 
tive of the most salutary effects, by securing the mutual confidence 
and affections of tlie States : 

''Ri'-wlvi'd, That buildings hkewise erected for the use of congress, 
at or near the lower falls of Potovvmack or Georgetown, provided a 
suitable district on the baidvs of the river can be procured for a fed- 
eral town, and the right of soil, and an exclusive jurisdiction, or such 
other as congress may direct, shall be vested in the Ignited States : 
and that until the buildings to be erected on the banks of the Dela- 
ware and Patowmack shall be pre])ared for the reception of Congress, 
their residcuice shall l^e alternately, at equal i)eriods of not more than 
one year and not less than six months, in Trenton and Annapolis; and 
the president is hereby authorised and directed to adjourn congi-ess, 
on the 12th day on Xovember next, to meet at Anna})olis on the 20th 
of the same month, for the dispatch of jiublic business." 



CHAPTER XLII. 

Gknj:jia[. vVASHiN(iT()X Resigns His MiuTAJtv Com- 
mission AT Annapolis. 

17S:5. 

Annai»olis became the scene of the resignation of General Washing- 
ton's military commission not from any peculiar fitness of things, but 
from one of those accidents that sometimes makes places, as well as 
men. famous. 



History of Annapolis. 201 

Con.srrcss had resolyed tliat, until the pubhc buildings then in course 
■of erection on the Delaware and Potomac were finished, it would hold 
its sessions alternately at Trenton and Annapolis. The latter place 
was selected because it had a commodious State-House. It was 
chosen for the first six months of the session of 1783. Thus it became 
the scene of a renowned event. 

Hastening from the at'iecting incidents of his farewell audience with 
the officers of his array, by a triumphal journey Washington arrived, 
on the 19th of December, in tlie City of Annapolis. 

The news of General AVashhigton's approach had preceded him, and 
a few miles from Ariuapolis he was met by Generals Gates and Small- 
wood, "and several of the principal inhabitants, who attended him to 
Mr. Mann's, where apartments had been prepai-ed for his reception. 
His Excellency's arrival," continues the local authority from v/hich 
we quote, "was announced by the discharge of cannon. After re- 
ceiving the heartfelt welcome of all who had the honor of knowing 
him. His Excellency waited on the President of Cono-ress (General 0;.. 
Mifflin, of South-Carolina,) with v/jiom he and the members of that 
))ody, together with the ju'incipal civil and military officers of this 
State, dined on Saturday." 

Mann's Hotel, at which Washington had been provided quai'ters, | t a h 
still stands in Aniiapolis, an imposing structure even in this day of " ' 

improvements. It is now the City Hotel, and is situated on the corner 
of Conduit and Main streets. The room, which Washington occupied, 
yet remains, and is in one of the wings. "No. 9" is its designation. 
It is about sixteen feet by sixteen, with a ceiling of about twelve. 
There are two g-reat windows in it that look out upon the court-yard 
of the hotel. Until a few years ago the very bedstead that the Com- 
mander-in-Chief occupied remained in the room. When the hotel 
passed from the heirs of Colonel John Walton, who was for many 
years "mine host" of the City Hotel, his son. Dr. J. Randolph Walton, . 
took the illustrious relic away. He lives in Washington and when 
last heard from on this subject still had the bedstead in his possession. 

Annapolis, at the time of this interesting event, was a quaint and 
agreeable city. The hip-roofs and odd gables still left here bear evi- 
dence of the picturesque pei-iod of 1783. Mr. William Eddis, the English 
surveyor of the port, who wrote of it in 17G9, said that then it had 
"more the appearance of an agreeable village than the metropolis of 
an opulent province, as it contains within its limits a number of small 
fields which are intended for future erections. But in a few years it 
will proba))ly be one of the best built cities in America, as a spirit of 
improvement is predominant, and the situation is allowed to be equally 
healthy and pleasant with any on this side the Atlantic. Many of the 
principal families have chosen this place for their residence, and there 
are few towns of the same size in any part of the British domains that 
can boast of a more ])olished society. ••■ * "* Several modern edi- 
'fices make a good appearance. There are few habitations without 
gardens, some of which, planted in decent style, are well stocked." ', 

Washington, with his accustomed promptness, set himself at once 
to the business he had in hand. On Saturday, December 20th, 1783, 
he addressed a letter to Congress, informing that body of his arriv^al 
iin Annapolis, with the intention of asking leave to resign the com- 

* MarvlHinl (iiizoltc. 



202 -'The A x c i e n t City.'' 

mission he had the honor of holding:: in their service, and desiring' 
to know their pleasure in what manner it will be most proper to offer 
his resi^rnation : whether in writiii.s^ or at an audience. 

Congress resolved "that His Excellency the Commander-in-Chief 
be admitted to a puV)lic audience on Tuesday next at 12 o'clock, M." 

It was further resolved '"that a public entertainment be given to the 
Commander-in-Chief on Monday next." 

The State of Maryland was not V)ehind in offering to Washington the 
courtesies demanded by the auspicious occasion. The Council of 
State began the formal addresses of the ceremonies with the follow- 
ing : 

"Annapolis, December 20, 1783. \ 
In Council. j 

"Sir : — Amidst the general joy on the happy and honorable termina- 
tion of the war, we V)eg leave to welcome your Excelleiicy's return to 
this city, with hearts full of gratitude and affection. 

"As long, sir, as mankind shall return a pro[)er sense of tlic bless- 
ings of Pf^rtce, Liberty, and Safety, jonv character in every conn cry, 
and in every age wills, be honored, admired, rnd revered; but to a 
mind elevated as your the consciousness of having done great and 
illustrious deeds, from the purest principles of patriotism of having by 
your wisdom and mairuaaimity, arrested the arm of tyranny, saved a 
dear country and millions of fellow-citizens, and millions yet unl)orn, 
from slavery and all the horrors and calamities of slavery, and i)laced 
their rights and liberties on a permanent foundation, must yield a 
satisfaction infinitely superior to all the pomp and eclat of applauding 
ages and admiring worlds. 

"Attached to your excellency by the strongest obligations ; and 
feeling rlie most lively impressions of your une<|ualled worth and pub- 
lic usefulness : wc beg you to acce[)t our warmest wishes that your life 
may be [u^donged to a far distant period I and that it may be as happy 
in your retirement as it has ])een glorious in the field.'" 

The letter was signed with tiie usual prolonged and courteous 
protestations of affection and respect by Win. Paca, President of the 
Council and Governor of Maryland. 

General Washington refilied to this proiihetic* and eloquent address : 

"Sir: — 1 shall ever cherisli apleasuig remembrance of tiie welcome 
reception 1 have experienced from your excellency and the Council, on 
ray return to this city after the happy and honorable termination of 
the war. 

"The flattering sentiments you entertain of my exertions in defence 
of our country, and the favorable point of light in which you place my 
character, too strongly demonstrates your friendship, not to claim the 
most gniteful return from me. 

"Convinced from experience, of tiie wisdom and decision whicli liave 
signalized tlie g>)vernment of Maryland, 1 cannot form a better wish 
for the future prosperity of the state tiian that the same spirit of jus- 
tice and patriotism, which actuated its councils during a Jong and 
eventful war. may contmue to dictate its measures through a durable 
and hapi>y peace." 

Tiie following morning, (Sunday.) General Washington devoted to 
'he return of the visits of citizens of Annapolis and others who had 
waited on ] im. He then dined, with a nnfnber of otliers, with Mr. 



History of ,\. n n a p o l i s . 202* 

Monday, the 22d of December, had a great deal crowded into it. 
There were the formal addresses of the city Annapolis, those of the 
Senate and House of Delegates of Maryland, a public dinner to Gen- 
eral Wasliington. the illumination of the State House and a Ball by^ 
the General Assembly of Maryland. 

Annapolis, by its Mayor, J. T.'^Chase, said "Tlie Mayor, recorder, alder- 
men, and common council of the city of Annapolis congratulate your 
excellency on the restoration of Dcace. and the establishment of the free- 
dom and independence of the United States of America. The citizens 
feel themselves particularly happy in this opportunity afforded them, of 
expressing their sincere approbation of your most disinterested and 
nnexam})led conduct through every stage of the war, and tiie high 
sense they entertain of your excellent virtues, fortitude, andnnrcaiit- 
ting perseverance, nnderthe pressure of the greatest diificulties. To 
yon they esteem themselves principally indebted under the favor and 
smiles of" Providence, for the inestimable blessings of peace and free- 
dom. This acknowledgement flows from hearts filled with gratitude 
and the most perfect re>.«pect and veneration for your person and 
charticter. 

'•In your retirement to the peaceful and pleasing scenes of domestic 
tranquility, may America long experience the benign influence of 
your example, and benefit by the salutary suggestions of your wisdom 
and may you sir. long enjoying your health and the heavenly sensa- 
tions arising from a consciousness of having done everything for your 
country, and wrested her from the oppressive hand of unrelenting 
tyranny, without the hope of any reward, but the approbation of a 
free people." 

To this flattering and very personal address, General Washington 
replied : 

"To the worshipful, the Mayor, Recorder, Aldermen and Common- 
Council of the city of Anna:;olis : 

"Permit me, Gentlemen, to offei' to yon my sincere thanks for your 
congratulations on the happy events of peace, and the establishment 
of our independence. 

•'If my conduct throughout the war has merited the confidence of 
my fellow citizens, and has been instrumental in obtaining for my 
country the blessings of peace and freedom — I ow^e it that Supreme 
Being who guides the hearts of all — who has so signally interposed 
his aid in every stage of the contest, and who has graciously been 
pleased to bestow on me the greatest of earthly rewards — the appro- 
bation and affections of a free people. 

••Though I retire from the employments of public life, 1 shall never 
cease to entertain the most anxious care for the welfare of my coun- 
try. May the Almighty dispose the heart of every citizen of the 
United States to improve the great prospect of happiness before us ! 
And may you. Gentlemen, and the inhabitants of this city, long enjoy 
every felicity this v.'orld can aftord !" 

The State of Maryland, through its General Assembly, then in ses- 
sion, followed with anotlier con^-ratulatory address. The surprise is 
that all being upon the same theme — the glories of Washington's 
personal character and his military achievements, there should be 
found so matiy variations of the sul^ject ; but the object glowed and 
the changes rang with every one that began the note of j^raise. Mary- 
land t-aid : 



204 "The xV n c i e n t City." 

■ "The General Assembly of Maryland embrace this opportunity, of 
expressing the grateful sense which they and their constituents enter- 
tain of your distinguished services ; services which, under the smiles 
of Divine Providence, have secured the peace, liberty, and indepen- 
dence, of these States I Your retirement to private life is a full evi- 
dence of that true patriotism which induced you to draw your sword 
in defence of your injured country, and made you persevere to the end 
of the arduous struggle, in which you have surmounted difficulties, 
that, with prudence less tlian yours, could not have Ijeen surmounted. 
Having, by your conduct in the field, gloriously terminated the war, 
you have taught us, by your last circular letter, how to value, how to 
preserve, and to improve that liberty, for which we have been con- 
tending. We are convinced that public liberty cannot be long pre- 
served, but by wisdom, integrity, and a strict adherence to public jus- 
.tice and public engagements. This justice and these engagements, as 
far as the inlluence and example of one State can extend, we are de- 
termijK'd to promote and fulfil ; aiul if the powers given to Congress by 
the confederation, should be found to bo incom[)etent to the purposes 
of t!ie Union, we doubt not our constituents will readily consent to en- 
large tlieni. In ex[):('ssin-j: these sentiments. :ind by thus enga<ring 
tocom;uy with the dictates of public faith and justice, and to satisfy 
the just demands of a meritorious army, we make the most acceptable 
returns for all those cares which you have .elt, and all the toils you 
have u.idergone. during youi' command. Permit us, in addressing 
you f.)r the last time in your public character, to ex[u-ess our warmest 
wishes that yon may long enjoy the sweets of domestic ease and retire- 
ment, and that cordial satisfaction which must arise fi-oma conscious- 
ness of having merited and gained the universal love of your country- 
men." 

The reply of General Washington, to this patriotic address of the 
State whose representative, Thomas Johnson, had nomiiuited him iu 
1775 for command of the Continental Army, was '"particularly ha])py." 
Here it is in full : 

"Gentlemen : — I feel myself particularly happy in receiving the ap- 
proV)ation of the General Asvemlily of Maryland, for those services 
which my country had a right to demand, and which it was my duty 
to render in defence of it. 

"Having happily attained the object for wliich we had drawn the 
sword, I felicitated myself on my approaching return to private life, and 
I must acknowledge, I anticipated an unusual degree of self-gratifica- 
tion, in that retirement, which you are pleased to consider as an evi- 
dence of patriotism. 

"You have rightly judged, genilemen, tliat public liberty cannot be 
long preserved, without the influence of those public virtues, which 
you have enumerated. ]May the example you have exhibited, and the 
dispositio!! you have manif. sted. prevail extensively, and have the 
most salutary operation ! For I am well-assured, it isonly by a general 
adojttion of wise and ecpiitable measures, that I can derive any ])er- 
sonal satisfaction, or the public any permanent advantages, from the 
successful issue of the contest. 

"I am deeply penetrated with the liberal sentiments and wishes 
contained in your last address to me as a ])ublic character; aiul while 
I am l)idding you a final farewell in that capacity, be assured, gentle- 



History of Annapolis. 205- 

men, that it will be my study in retirement not to forfeit the favorable' 
opinion of my fellow-citizens." 

Charles Carroll, of Carrollton. delivered, in person. Washiirjton's- 
reply to the address of the Maryland Legislature. 

The public dinner that Congress had tendered to General Washing- 
ton was given on Monday, December 22nd, at the ball-room. 

The building still remains, and strangers are shown with pardonable 
pride the place where Washington, the grave and dignified Comman- 
der-in-Chief of the Continental armies, was wont, in "the piping days 
of peace," to come and dance, perhaps, the stately minuet. "Up- 
wards of two hundred persons of distinction were present at the din- 
ner," says the local chronicler of that period, and "everything was- 
provided by Mr. Mann in tne most elegant and profuse style." 

Dinner over, the roar of artillery began, and to its salvos the fol- 
lowing interesting and patriotic toasts v/ere drank : 

1. The United States. 

2. The Army. 

3. His Most Christian Majesty. 

4. The United Netherlands. 

5. The King of Sweden. 

6. Our Commissioners Abroad. 

7. The Minister of France. 

8. The Minister of the United Netherlands. 

9. Harmony and a flourishing commerce throughout the Union. 

10. May virtue and wisdom influence the Councils of. the United 
States, and may their conduct merit the blessings of peace and inde- 
pendence. 

11. The Virtuous Daughters of America. 

12. The Governor and State of Maryland. 

13. Long health and happiness to our illustrious General. 

At night the State House was beautifully and brilliantly illuminated, 
in which building a ball was given by the General Assembly of Mary- 
land. There were many ladies present, and General Washington 
opened the ball with Mrs. James Maccubbin, one of the most beautiful 
women of her day, as his partner. 

The building in which this gay arid renowned assembly danced the 
brilliant hours by, and which on the morrow was to be made forever 
famous, was erected between 1769 and 1773. Among those charrged 
with its construction were Charles Carroll, barrister, and William 
Paca, the latter of whom signed the Declaration of Independence. 

The last act of General Washington's olflcial life was to write a let- 
ter to Baron Steuben. It ran : 

"Annapolis, 23rd December, 1783. 

"3/y Dear Baron : 

"Although I have taken frequent opportunities, both in public and 
private, of acknowledging your great zeal, attention, and abilities in 
performing the duties of your office, yet I wish to make use of this 
last moment of my public life to signify, in the strongest terms, ray 
entire approbation of your conduct, and to express my sense of the ob- 
ligations the public is under to you for your faithful and meritorious 
services. 

"I beg you will be convinced, my dear sir, that I should rejoice if 
it could ever be in my power to serve you more essentially than by ex- 



■20G "TheAncientCity." 

' pressions oi regard and affection : l)at. in tlie meantime, I am j)er- 
snaded you will not be displeased with this farewell token of my sin- 
cere friendshii) and esteem for yon. 

''This is the last letter I shall write while I continue in the service 
of my country. The hour of my resignation is fixed at twelve today, 
after which I shall become a private citizen on the banks of tne Po- 
tomac, wlierc 1 ;;hall be glad to embrace you, and testify the great es- 
teem and consideration with which I am, my de;ir Baron. &c." 

Washington and his aids arrived at the State Mouse at noon, and 
entered the Hall of Congress. A messenger announced their arrival 
to the Secretary of Congress, who introduced Washington to Congress 
and conducted him to a chair, where he was seated. Colonel Benja- 
mhi Walker and Colonel David Humphreys, his aids, stood beside him. 
It was a memorable assembly. In it were four future Presidents of 
the infant llepublic — Washington, Jeft"ei-son, Madison and Monroe ; 
John Eager Iloward and General Smallwood, of Maryland ; Eldridge 
Gerry, of Massachusetts; Stone, Paca, Chase, and Carroll, Maryland's 
signers of Independence ; Joshua Barney and Alexander Hamilton, 
with l)eauty and grace unnumbered and \nichronicled. 

Tl)e hum of incident disorder being hushed, General Mililin, with 
covered head, as he and his fellow-members observed in token of the 
sovereignty of the States they represented, addressed General Wash- 
ington : 

"Sir — The United States, in Congress assembled, are prepared to 
receive your communications." 

With his native dignity, augmented l)y the grandeur of the occasion, 
Washington arose and delivered that address, so renowned for its wis- 
dom and ]iatriotic foresight. He said : 

"Mr. President: The great events on which my resignation de- 
pended, having at length taken place, I have now the honor of offer- 
ing Uiy sincere congratulations to Congress, and of presenting myself 
before them, to surrender into their hands the trust committed to me, 
and to claim the indulgence of retiring from the service of n.y country. 

'•Hapi)y in tlie confirmation of our independence and sovereignty, 
and pleased with tlie oi)]>ort unity afforded the United States of be- 
comii::j: a respectable nation, I resign with satisfaction the appoint- 
ment I accepted with diffidence : a diffidence in my abilities to accom- 
plish so arduous a task, wliich, however, was superseded liy a confidence 
in the rectitude of our cause, the supjtort of the supreme power of the 
Union, and the ])atronageor Heaven. 

"The successful termination of tlie war has verified the most san- 
guine expectations, and my gratitude for the interposition of Provi- 
dence, and the assistance I have received from my countrymen, in- 
creases with every review of the momentous contest. 

"While I repeat my obligations to the army in general; I should do 
injustice to my own feelings not to acknowledge, in this place, the 
peculiar services and distinguished merits of the gentlemen, who have 
been attached to my person durir.g the war. It was impossible that 
the choice of confidential officers to compose my family should have 
been more fortunate. Permit me, sir, to recommend in particular 
those, who have continued in service to the j)resent moment, as worthy 
of the favorable notice and patronage of Congress. 

"I consider it an indispensable duty to close this last solenni act of 
my official life, by commending the interests of our dearest country to 



History OF Annapolis. 207 

the protection of Almig-hty God, and those who have the snperniten- 
dence ol them to his holy keeping:. 

"Plaving now finished the work assigned me, I retire from the great 
theatre of action ; and, bidding an affectionate farewell to this august 
body, under whose orders I have so long acted, I here offer my com- 
mission, and take leave of all the employments of public life." 

At its conclusion Washington advanced toward General Mifflin and 
delivered to him his commission and a copy of his address. The Presi- 
dent made the following answer : 

"Sir : — The United States in Congress assembled receive with emo- 
tions too affecting for utterance, the solemn resignation of the authori- 
ties under wliich you have led their troops with success through a 
perilous and doubtful war. Called upon by your country to defend its 
invaded rights, you accepted the sacred charge, before it had formed 
alliances, and whilst it was without funds or a government to support 
you. You have conducted the great military contest with wisdom 
and fortitude, invariably regarding the rights of the civil powers 
througli all disasters and changes. You have, by the love and con- 
fidence of your fellow-citizens, enabled them to display their martial 
genius, and transmit their fame to posterity. You have j^ei'severed, 
till tiiese United States, aided by a magnanimous King and Nation, 
have been enabled, under a just Providence, to close the war in free- 
dom, safety and independence ; on which happy event we sincerely 
join you in congratulations. 

"Having defended the standard of liberty in this new world : having 
taught a lesson useful to those v/lio inflict and to those who feel op- 
pression, you retire from the great theatre of action, with the blessings 
of your fellow-citizens — but the glory of your virtues will not termi- 
nate with your military command — it will continue to animate re- 
motest ages. 

"We feel with you our obligations to the army in general, and will 
particularly charge ourselves with the interests of those confidential 
officers who have attended your person to this affectir.g moment. 

"We join you in commending the interests of our dearest country to 
the protection of Almighty God, beseeching him to dispose the hearts 
and minds of its citizens to improve the opportunity afforded them, 
of becoming a happy and respectable nation. And for you we address 
to Him our warmest prayers, that a life so beloved may be fostered 
with all his care ; that your days may be as happy as they have been 
illustrious; and that He will finally give you that reward which this 
world cannot give." 

The Secretary of the Senate then delivered to Washington a copy of 
General Mifflin's address, Washington arose and, with affecting dig- 
nity, bowed to Congress. The members uncovered before him. He 
withdrew from the Chamber leaving beauty's eye dimmed with affec- 
tion's tear. 

Washington, accompanied as far as South River, three n.iles from 
Annapolis, by the Governor of Maryland, immediately set out for 
Mount Vernon where he arrived on Christmas Eve. 



208 • • T IT E A N C I E N T C I T Y . ' ' 

CHAPTER XLIir. 
St. John's ('ot.lixje. 

1784—1887. 

Before the Revolviiion. Maryland had felt the necessity of larger 
facilities for advanced learnin":. Mr. Eddis, writing under date of 
Oct. 4, 1773, from Annapolis, says : 

"The Legislature of this province, animated by sentiments which 
reflect the highest credit on their patriotism and wisdom, have also 
determined, by a recent law, to endow and form a college for the 
education of youth in every liberal and useful branch of Science. 

'•An institution of this nature was most strongly recon^mended to 
their confidence by our worthy governor, (Eden,) at early period after 
his arrival in this country ; and to his laiulable and persevering exer- 
tions, the public are materially nidebted for the establishment of a 
seminary wliich. as it will be conducted under excellent regulations, 
will shortly preclude tlie necessity of crossing the Atlantic for the 
completion of a classical and polite education." This college was 
ii^cipient St. John's. Gov. Bladen's unfinished residence Wcis to be 
repaired and used as a college. The Revolutionary war came on and 
education v/as neglected in the struggle for political existence. The 
war was barely concluded before the long-cherished hope of the State 
was realized. By chapter 37, Act of 1784, funds were provided "for 
founding a college on the Western Shore of this State and constitu- 
thig the same, together with Washington College on the Eastern Shore, 
into one University, by the name of the University of Maryland." 

It is not possible for the most prejudiced mind to read the nineteen 
sections of this memorable Act and not be convinced of the large and 
wise provision the State intended to make to advance the cause of 
liberal education. 

The preamble recited that, as "many public-spirited individuals". 
have subscribed and procured subscription to form a college on the 
Western Shore of this State, that, therefore : 

"Se it Enacted by the General A.ssembh/ of Maryland, That a col- 
lege, or general seminary of learning, by the name of St. John's, be 
established on the said Western Shore, upon the following fundamen- 
tal and inviolable principles, mimely : first, the said college shall oe 
founded and maintained forever upon a most liberal plan, for the 
benefit of youth of every religions denoihhiation, who shall be freely 
admitted to equal privileges and advantages of education, and to all 
the literary honors of the college, according to their merits without 
requiring, or enforcing any religious or civil test, or urging their at- 
tendance u[)on any particular religious worship, or service, other than 
what they have been educated in or have the consent or approbation 
of their parents or guardians to attend ; nor shall any preference be 
given in the choice of a principal, vice-principal, or otlier professor, 
master, or tutor, in the said college on account of his particular re- 
ligious profession, having regard solely to his moral character and lit- 
erary abilities, and other necessary qualifications to fill the jJace for 
which he shall be chosen." 



History of Annapolis. 209 

For every tkousand pounds subscribed by any individuals, who 
choose to cl.'^ss themselves tog-ether, one member of the Board of Visi- 
tors and Governors, was to be selected by those who formed the class. 

Rev. John Carroll, Rev. Wm. Smith, "and Patrick Allison, Doctors 
of Divinity, Richard Sprigg, John Steret and George Diggs. with 
power to appoint others, were made agents to collect the individual 
subscriptions to the College. 

The seventh section enacted, "That, if the city of Annapolis should 
be fixed upon as a place for establishing the said intended college, this 
General Assembly give and grant, and that, upon that condition, do 
hereby give and grant to the Visitors ar.d Governors of said college 
by the name of 'The Visitors and Governors of St. John's in the 
State of Maryland,' and their successors, all that four acres, within 
the city of Annapolis, purchased for the use of the public and con- 
veyed on the second day of October, 1744, by Stephen B<<rdley, Esq., 
to Thomas Bladen, Esq., then Governor, to have and to hold "the said 
four acres of land, with the appurtenance, to the said Visitors and 
Governors, and their successors, for the only use, benefit, an^ behoof 
of the said college and seminary of universal learning for ever." 
Section thirteen granted the sum of £1,750 annually'and forever 
thereafter as a donation by the public to the use of the college. 

The singularity of the formation of the Board of Governors and Vis- 
itors and the widely separated residences of the members of it, cre- 
ated some difficulty in securing a meeting of the managers, but on 
May 25. 1789, a committee of the Board, announced that the Brard had 
appointed John McDowell, A. M., professor of Mathematics, and that 
the committee intended to have two rooms "pushed with all conven- 
ient dispatch." This committee was James Brice, Charles "Wallace, 
Richard Sprigg, Thomas Hyde, and Thomas Harwood. 

On Wednesday, the 11th' of Xovember. 1789, St. John's College, 
was opened, and dedicated with much solemnity, in the presence of 
"a numerous and respectable concourse of people. The honorable 
the members of the General Assembly, the honorable Chancellor, the 
judges of the General Court, together with the gentlemen of the l)ar, 
the worshipful corijoration of the city, and the principal inhal)itants 
thereof, precedec\by the scholars, the professors^ and the Visitors and 
Governors of the college, walked in procession from the State House 
to the college hall. An elegant sermon, well adapted to .^he occasion 
was preached by the Reverend Doctor W. Smith, who presided for the 
day. An oration was also deli ve-ed by the Reverend Mr. I alp h Higin- 
bothom on. ' 'The advantages of a classical education . " Asa raeinod 
of instruction, the Gazette, in its account of the college stated that — 
"an acquaintance with the learned languages being considered as the 
surest and most proper ground on which to lay ^ the foundation of 
other branches of literature, it is intended in this seminarv. the 
strictest attention shall be paid to the students in that particular. 
Grammar, in all its parts, will be taught with critical exactness, and 
the more strongly to impress a thorough knowledge of this piepara- 
tory branch of study on the minds of "the pupils, daily exercise will 
be performed therein. Each lesson will be accompanied with an ex- 
amination into the rules and principles by which the order and con- 
struction of language is regulated in which the connexion and de- 
14 



210 ' • T II E A N C I E N T C I T Y . ' 

pending of its various parts on each other, will l>e ex})lained. By the- 
above method the student will not only be informed in the particu- 
lar language, which at the time engages his attention, but he will be 
enabled wSh ease to acquire a knowledge of other tongues, especially 
those of modern date, by the assistance derived from this mode of in- 
struction." 

The Crr^3e^/e added— "It is expected that the rooms will be ready 
in a few weeks for the different professors, by whom youth will be in- 
structed in all the sciences usually taught in colleges. The tuition is 
fixed at five pounds per annum, and good board, lodging and washing 
may be had, as the public is already informed, in respectable fami- 
lies, at the rate of £30 current money, per annum." 

Before this early date the uncertain tenure of the appropriation by 
the State was already indicated. In Novemljcr, 1788, the Legisla- 
ture resolved that the annual appropriation be suspended until "the 
professors and other officers thereof be appointed and actually en- 
gaged in the exercise of their several duties." 

On Monday, January 11, 1790, the grammar and mathematical 
schools were removed to the apartments prepared for them in St. 
John's College, which were "fitted up in a commodious and neat man- 
ner." 

On November 21 , 179:1. was the first commencement. There were 
two graduates — John Addison Carr, of Maryland and Charles Alexan- 
der, of Virginia. The former delivered a Latin oration, and another 
"On the Adviintages of Agriculture." Mr. Alexander delivered the 
valedictory. On both graduates was conferred tlie degree of Bache- 
lor of Arts. "The principal then closed the business of the day by an 
address to the graduates, respecting their future conduct in life, and 
concluded with commending them to the care and protection of the 
Almighty Governor of the Universe." 

"These young gentlemen, on their private and public examinations 
acquitted themselves to the satisfaction of the visitors and others whc 
attended, and their public exhil)ition, was received with the approba- 
tion of a polite and discerning audience."* 

The College early had its enemies and so industriously had they 
been at work that in March, 1803, the Governors and Visitors depu- 
tized A. C. Hanson, Charles Carroll, of Carrollt.on, and Richard 
Ridgely, "to publish an account of the state of the College, and of the- 
advantages ii possesses and may afford." From this paper the fol- 
lowing is extracted : 

"St. John's College was founded, and has been carried on, under an 
Act of Assembly, passed in 1784, by private contributions, by a pub- 
lic annual donation of £1,759, and by tuition money. Various un- 
toward circumstances delayed the opening and dedication until Novem- 
ber, 1789. But in the course of 18 months from that period, the plan 
of the college, and the regulations in the several schools, were com- 
pleted, and professors and teachers employed in the discharge of their 
offices. 

"It is notorious, that from that time methods have been essayed to 
destroy, or suj)press a seminary, the institution of which had been 
considered as reflecting a permanent honour on the State. It not- 
withstanding soon acquired a rei)utation scarcely exceeded by tljat of 

• Md. r;;izette. 



History OF Ann A POL IS. 211' 

any other college within the United States : and although reports in- 
dustriously circulated, have lately impaired its credit, no seminary 
on the continent has afforded superior advantages to students of every 
description. 

"It is incumbent on us to iiotict these reports. 
"It has been bruited through the country, that young men and even 
boys, belonging to the college, have been corrupted, or at least ren- 
dered idle and dissipated, by the attentions paid to them by the citi- 
zens of Annapolis. 

"It is indeed to be wished, that students be so far controlled as that 
they shall not neglect their college duties. But what is it that a wise 
parent or guardian comprehends in liberal education ? Does he not 
wish something more than languages, and abstruse science, to be at- 
tained by his child, or ward, whilst at college ? Can he be insensible 
of the vast importance of early acquired manners ? Let him then be- 
lieve all that with probability, can be told of those attentions. He 
may nevertheless, be persuaded, that the respectable houses which, 
have been reported as the haunts of collegians, confer on them at least 
the advantage of polishing their manners, and of preventing, in some 
instances, a'more pernicious dissipation of their time. Besides, it can- 
not be denied, that valuable connexions may be formed in the polite 
societies, to which the address or good fortune of some of the students 
has introduced them, and which prejudice or ignorance alone repre- 
sent as baneful to the rising youth. 

"And now, admitting that students have heretofore been allowed to 
consume too much of their time in certain genteel, amiable circles of 
society, is it to be imagined, that no remedy will be found for the 
grievance ? The bare report through the country will be sufficient to 
bring about a correction of the evil. 

"The truth is, that in Annapolis, where every person is known to every 
other, and where there are constantly men unfriendly to the college, 
viewing everything about it through the medium of prejudice, the con- 
duct of a few irregular young men may fix a reproach on the whole 
body of students, \as well as the trustees and faculty. 

"Can it be necessary to suggest to our intelligent fellow-citizens, 
that final advantage, enjoyed by the students m St. John's College of 
attending, at times, the debates in the General Assembly, and m tlie 
several supreme courts ? It is at Annapolis, that listening to the elo- 
quence of the bar, the Senate, and the House of Delegates, an in- 
genuous ardent young man may catch the flame of patriotism, imbibe 
a laudable ambition, and lay the best foundation for future eminence. 
"Let us be permitted, then, barely to hint at a comparison between 
this seminary and a college fixed in the country, or at an obscure 
place. What are the superior advantages to be derived from the lat- 
ter ' It is, beyond a doubt, that youthful innocence will be there bet- 
ter preserved ? No ! but the latter seminary is cheaper. This con- 
sideration is indeed important to men of scanty fortune. But, to men 
of easy circumstances, it surely cannot have weight sufficient to give 
ponderance to the scale, into which it is triumphantly thrown. VV e 
will not pursue a subject, which may be invidious, further than by 
giving a plain, correct statement of expenses at St. John s College: 



312 ' 'TuE AxciENT City. " 

"Of a youth, boarding in the College Building, board, in- 
cluding washing, fire and candle, both in the public 

and bed rooms £50 00 

'Tuition, fire-wood in the schools, pens and ink o 10 

Total, £50 10 u 

"To which add £3 to each boyintlie higher classes learning French. 

"At the last meeting of the trustees, it was resolved, that the next 
summer vacation, every student entering the college, who has not in 
Annapolis, a parent, or guardian, or a friend who will give him board, 
or in wliom his parent or guardian reposes a confidence, and who will 
receive liim as an inmate, shall board in the college building. And the 
cases in which a dispensation is to be allowed are to be judged by the 
principal. Inferior teachers, who are not married men, or house- 
keepers, are likewise to board there, for the purpose of superintending 
the students. Mr. Duke, the professor of languages, already boards 
there. All the rooms are spacious, airy, and convenient ; and the 
family which keeps the house is respectable, and affords such fare and 
treatment in every respect, as ought to give satisfaction. Students 
now l)oarding in private house are not to be compelled to board in the 
college, although they are earnestly hivited to make that exchange, 
which must be salutary to themselves and to the institution. 

"We presume, that there are few seminaries in town, where the 
whole expense, exclusive of cloaths, pocket money, and books, does 
not exceed £56 10 or i59 10 0, and where a student shall not, to the 
mortification of himself and his fond parents, subsist scantily on un- 
palatable food and be stinted even with respect to clean linen, &c. It 
is cei tain that whenever board is fixed too low, either it must in a 
short time be raised, or the boarder must submit to hard fare, and 
other inconvenience. 

"lleports injui-ious to St. John's College have originated from an 
unhappy difference between a teacher and a professor. We content 
ourselves with remarking this most extraoi'dinary circumstance, that 
the professor, who is indeed eminent for hia knowledge of the learned 
languages, and who has voluntarily guided the college, without cen- 
sures from the trustees, has lately been appointed to an high station 
in a seminary of rising importance and reputation, in the prosperity of 
which every enlightened liberal citizen nmst feel an interest, although 
he may not wish the downfall of St. John's College." 

The faculty at this time was : 

John McDowell, A. M., Principal. 

lleverend Kalph Iliginbothom, Vice Principal. 

Kev. William Duke, Professor of Languages. 

Mr. John Connell, Professor of English and Grammar. 

Mr. Philip Curran, Assistant Professor of English and Grammar. 

Mr. Kichard Owen, Master of Writing and Arithmetic. 

Mr. Marin Detargny, Professor of French. 

St. John's survived unscathed this attack of its enemies, and for 
years realized the most sanguine hoi)es of its broad and liberal foun- 
ders. Poets, jurists, scholars, and statesmen were sent forth from her 
classic halls, "who have been the pride of her own and the admiration 
of other States, and who have earned for the State reputation, 
and reflected honor on their alma mater."" 



History OF Annapolis. 213 

From 1793, when the first class was graduated to 180G, tliere ap- 
pears in the rejiristry of the Alumini of the College, four Governors of 
Maryland, one Governor of Liberia, seven Members of the Executive 
Council, six United States Senators, five Members of the House of 
Representatives, four Judges of the Court of Appeals, eight Judges of 
other Courts, one Attorney-General, one United States Disti-ict At- 
torney, one Auditor of the United States Treasurer, six State Senators, 
fifteen Members of the House of Delegates, besides foreign Consuls, 
Officers rt the Army and Navy, Physicians, and Surgeons, and dis- 
tinguished Lawyers, including one Chancellor of South Carolina. 
Th^re were many others who" left the College before complethig its 
course and engaged in agriculture and commerce. 

In 1806, though a political feud, the mature of which has not been 
handed down to us, the State appropriations to St. John's and Wash- 
ington College were withdrawn. 

The necessary bviiklings had been erected, the Professors appointed, 
a number of young men from all parts of the State and from some of 
the sister States had been drawn to it ; and thus, when the fondest 
hopes of its friends were more than realized, the Legislature so far 
ignored its solemn ol)ligations as to pass an Act for the rcYOcation of 
the grant made to St. John's in the Act of incorporation. "Each party," 
says Francis Scott Key, (the author of our great national hymn. "The 
Star Spangled P)anner," and an alumnus of St. John's, j referring to 
this action of the General Assembly — "caught at the advantage 
to be gained by the apparent pojjularity of the measure, and 
the real interests and honor of the State were sacrificed by each." The 
distinguished William Pinkney, who eloquently, but vainly, re- 
monstrated against the passage of this Act, predicted that "the day 
which witnessed the degradation of St. John's Collegt , in the very 
dawn of its promise, "would prove the darkest day Maryland had 
known." For some time the usefulness of the college seems to have been 
almost entirely destroyed, as no lists of grpduates appear until 1810. 
Xothi?ig seems to have been done to repair what is nov/ cmceded to 
have been a great wrong, ijntil 1811, when the sum of $1,000 was re- 
stored. In 1824, a lottery was granted to the college, the proceeds 
of which, amounting to $20,000, were invested in bank stock, from 
which an annual income of $1,200 was derived,jmtil about thirty 
years afterwards, wheti the whole fund was expended in erecting a 
dormitory for students and dwellings for professors. 

■It was not until 1832, that the Boai'd of Visitors and Govern. n-s of 
the College, in a memorial to the General Assembly, having set forth 
in a most clear and forcible way the unanswerable character of their 
legal claim, the Legislature was led to increase the grant to S3, 000, 
at the same time, however, providing that the Board should agree to 
accept this sum "in full satisfaction of all legal or equitable chiims 
which the College might have, or be supposed to have, against the 
State." Here was, if not a plain case of duress, at least a case of 
"Might vs. Eight." "Xliere is no question," says President Garnett, 
in 1880, "that" if, at any time before 1819, when the Dartmouth Col- 
lege decision was rendered, and 1832, suit had been brought, the full 
amount of the arrearages (then over S100,000) might have been re- 
covered : but, in defense of the Board of Visitors and Governors, it 
may be said that they believed their rights were entirely in the power 



"21* • 'The Ancient City.- ' 

of the State and without any means of being enforced ; so the deed of 
release was executed and entered upon the records of the Court of Ap- 
peals." 

The Board of Visitors and Governors, liowevor, having become con- 
vinced of tlie arbitrary character of tliis settlement of their claim 
against the State, submitted, in 18-59, with the consent of the Legis- 
lature, the following points to the decision of tlie Court of Appeals : 

"l. Whetlier the ap[)ropriation made in the charter constitutes a 
contract on the |)art of the State which could not be legally repealed 
by the Act of iSOo. 

"2. Whether this latter Act is not a violation of the Constitution 
of the United States. 

"3. Whether the charter constituted such a contract as, if entered 
into between individual citizens, would )>e legally binding upon 
them." 

All three of these points (Vol. 15, Md. Reports p. 330) were unani- 
mously decided i'.i the affirmative. When, however, a few years 
thereafter, suit was brought to recover tlie amount of their claim — 
over S300,000. inclusive of interest — it was held l>y the Court that the 
Board of Visitors and Governors could not avoid the release given in 
1833, and the suit was accordingly decided against them. Inasmuch, 
however, as eminent lawyers, among them the Hon. Reverdy John- 
son, himself an alumnus of St. John's, maintained that under the 
terms of the charter itself (Acts of 1784, Chapter 37, Section IG ), the 
I)Oard had transcended its powers in granting this release, measures 
were taken for an appeal to the Supreme Court of the Cnited States. 
Pending this proceeding, however, the Board, feeling reluctant, as 
they affirmed, to seek redress for the wrongs of a ^Maryland College in 
a tribunal beyond its jurisdiction, addressed a memorial to the Legis- 
lature of 18()(J, in response to which, and, doubtless, in recognition of 
this appeal to their sense of justice, the General Assembly appro- 
priated the sum of S12,000 annually for five years from June 1st, 
18(>8. 

Humphrey Hall, standing to the right of McDowell Hall, was erect- 
ed in 1834. for the accommodation of students, a'-d for the improving 
and extending the library and {)hilosoi)lii(';il a])paratus of the institu- 
tion. "'This was done by the exertions of the Principal, Rev. Hector 
Humphreys, I). D., who by visits to different parts of the State, suc- 
ceeded in obtaining donations aggregating over $12,000." 

Tiic building soon after its erection was described as being "de- 
signed for one of the professors, and the students ; there are twenty 
]>rivate rooms in it, intended for the separate studies for members of 
the advanced classes, and two large dormitorii'S for pupils in the pre- 
jiaratory branches. A building like this had long been needed. It 
will accommodate at least sixty stude-its in all tlie departments," 

During the war lietween the Federal Government and Seceded States, 
the liuildings and grt)unds of St. John's College were seized by the 
Government for military purposes. Its commons were turned into a 
camp, its halls into quarters, and its laboratory into a stable. During 
this period the educational functions were suspended and the State's 
appropriation withdrawn. It was revived and restored in an aggregate 
sum by Chapter 101. Acts of ISdO. 

The College buildings were soon put in thorough repair, and Dr. 
Henry Barnard, of Connecticut, late Commissioner of Education, was 



H 1 s T o K Y OF Annapolis. 215 

.^elected Principal, by whom the College was reopened in September, 
1866. 

By Chapter 303, Acts of 18T2. the College, in addition to the $3,000, 
.already received it was given a further grant of S13,000 per annum 
for six years. This was a renewal of the grant of 1868, 

The same Act gave So, 000 for "increasing and improving t^ie Col- 
lege library, laboratory, philosophical apparatus and cabinet." This 
Act also directed to be paid to the. Visitors and Governor;? of St. 
John's "the sum of 810,000 per annum, i)ayable quarterly, lobe ap- 
plied by them in furnishing board, fuel, lights, and washing, to two 
of the students, educated free of charge for tuition, from each Sena- 
torial District of this State, and appointed by the Commissioners of 
the Primary Schools, by and with the advice and consent of the Sena- 
tor in their respective Senatorial Districts, after a competitive exami- 
nation of the catididates, provided, that the said appointment shall 
not be held by the same student for more than four years, and that 
each student, receiving such appointment, shall give his bond to the 
State of Maryland for such amount, with such security, as may be 
approved of l)y the Principal of said College that he will teach school 
within this State for not less than two years after leaving College." 

By Chapter 315. Acts of 1878, the appro})riation of S12, 000 addi- 
tional to the .S3. 000 of contrac ; was voted the College for two years ; 
and the ten thousand to Senatorial Scholars was reduced to S7,500 
per annum. The candidates for Senatorial scholarship, by this Act 
were required to produce befoie the School Commissioners of their 
respective counties and the city of Baltimore "satisfactory evidence 
of their moi-al character and of their inal)ility, or the inability of their 
parents, or guardians, to pay the regular College charges."' 

The ai)pi-opriations of ST, 500 per annum for Senatorial scholarships, 
and S3. 000 for general expenses continues to the present. 

The College, duiing its existence of a century presents a long ari'ay of 
honorable names that acknowledge St. John's as their alma nta-fer. 
Among them are : • 

Daniel Clarke, Associate Judge of the First Judicial District ; John 
Done, Judge of the General Court, Judge of the Fourth Judicial Dis- 
trict, and of the Court of Appeals of Maryland : Clement Dorsey, Judge 
of the First Judicial District ; Benjamin Ogle, Gov^ernor of Maryland ; 
Ninian Piukney, Clerk of the Executive C'^imcil, of the class of 1703 ; 
Richard Harwood. Adjutant-General of Maryland : John Carlisle Her- 
bert, Men.ber of Congress and Speaker of the House of Delegates of 
Maryland ; Alexander Contee Magruder, Judge of the Court of Ap- 
peals, Keporter of the Decisions of the same Court ; John Seney and 
John C. Weems, Members of Congress, of the class of 1794: Robert 
H. Goldsborough, United States Senator ; Francis Scott Key, author 
of "Star Spangled Banner ;" John Ridgely, Surgeon United States 
Navy ; Washington Van Bibber, Member of Congress, of the class of 
1796 ; John Leeds Kerr, United States Senator ; John Tayloe Lomax, 
Jtidge of the Court of Appeals of Vircrinia, of the class of 1797 : Alex- 
ander Hammett, Consul at Naples : Thomas U. P. Charlton, Chancel- 
lor of South Carolina ; William Rodgers. Surgeon United States Navy ; 
Tobias Watkins, Auditor in United States Treasury, and Assistant 
Surgeon United States Army : John Wilmot, xVdjutant-General of 
Maryland, of the class of 1798 : Thomas Beale Dorsey, Attorney- 



'BIG " T II E A N C I E N T C I T Y . " 

General of Maryland and Chief of the Court of Appeals ; Dennis 
Claude, M. D.. Treasurer of Maryland; George Washington Parke 
Custis, of the class of 1709 ; Nicholas llarwood. M. D.. Surgeon United 
States Navy ^George Mann, Lieutenant United States Navy ; James 
Thomas. Governor of xMaryland, of the class of 1800 ; James Murray, 
Examiner General ; Charles W. Hanson, Judge of the Sixth Judicial 
District : .VlexanderC. Hanson, Member of the House of Representa- 
tives and United States Senator ; David ITolf man . Professor of Laws 
in the University of Maryland ; Charles Sterrett Kidgely, Speaker of 
the House of Delegates, class of 1802 ; John Contee, Lieutenant 
U. S. Marine Corps ; William Grason. Governor of ^Laryland ; Christo- 
pher Huglies, Charge to Sweden ; Thomas Williamson, Surgeon 
United States Navy, of the class of 1804 ; George Mackubin, Treasurer 
of Maryland ; John Wesley Peaco, Surgeon U. S. Navy and Governor 
of Llljeria ; Daniel Randall, Deputy Paymaster General, U. S. Army ; 
Hyde Ray, Surgeon U. S. Navy ; John'R. Shaw, Purser U. S. Navy ; 
Seth Switzer, Consul to Guayaquil ; Williatn T. Wooton, Secretary of 
State, of the class of 180(3 ; Thomas Randall, Judge of the District 
Court of Florida ; John Ridout, Visitor and Governor : John Gwinn, 
Captain U. S. Navy ; William Latimer, Admiral U. S. Navy ; Wil- 
liam 11. Marriott, Collector of the Port of Raltimore., of the class of 
1810 ; Nicholas Brewer, Judge of the Circuit Court of Anne Arundel ; 
William Caton, Surgeon U. S. Navy ; Re verdy Johnson, United States 
Senator, Attorney-General, of United States, Minister to England ; 
David Ridgely, State Librarian, author of ' ' Annals of An- 
napolis," William Greenbury Ridgely, Chief Clerk in the Navy De- 
partment at. Washington : John Nelson Watkins Adjutant-General of 
Maryland, of the class of 1811 ; Thomas S. Alexander, L. L. D., 
George G. Brewer, Register of the Land Office ; John Denny, Surgeon 
United States Navy ; John Johnson, Chancellor of Maryland ; Landon 
Mercer, Lieutenant United States Navy; Richard Randall, M. D. 
U. S. A., and Governor of Liberia ; Francis Thomas. Member of Con- 
gress, Governor of ^Maryland, Minister to Peru ; Ramsay Waters, 
Register in Chancej-y : John B. Wells, Surgeon in United States 
Army ; George Wells, President of the Maryland Senate ; William 
Williams, M. I)., President of the Maryland Senate, of tlie classes 
fi-om 1811 to 1821 ; Alexander Randall, Memi)er of Congress and At- 
torney-General of Maryland, of the class of 1822 : Nicholas Brewer, of 
John. Adjutant-General of Maryland : Burton Randall. Surgeon 
United States Army, 01 the classes from 1822 to 182(J ; John Henry 
Alexander, L. L. D. ; William Harwood, State Librarian. Professor at 
the Naval Academy. School Examiner of Anne Arundel County; 
William Pinkney, Bishop of the Protestant E[»iscopal Church in 
Maryland: William H. Tuck, Judge of the Court of Apj)eals; John 
Bowie. Lieutenant United State 'Navy, of the class of 1827; John 
Randall Hagner, I^aymaster United States Army: Thomas Karney, 
Professor of Etiiics and Librarian in the United States Naval Aca- 
demy ; Xiniau Pinkney, Medical Director, U. S. Navy ; Augustus 
Bowie, Surgeon U.S. Navy :Sprigg llarwood. Clerk of the Circuit 
Court : .John H. T. Magruder. State Libraiian : Richard Swann, State 
Librarian, (.f the class of 18:30 : Rev. Orlando Huttoii, John (iivene 
Proud. Poet before the Alumni: F. W. CJreen, Mcml)er of Congress; 
Peter V, Hagner, U. S. Army, of the class of 18:}4 : Al)ram Claude, 
Professor of Chemistry St. John's College, Mayor of Annapolis, of 



H I s T o R Y o F Ann a p o l I s . 217 

the cuiss of l8o5 ; William R. Ilayward, Commissioner of the Laud 
Office; liev. Samuel llidout, class of 1836; William Tell Claude ; 
Henry H. Goldsboroudi- President of State Couveution of 1864, 
Comptroller, Judge of Eleventh Judicial Circuit ; William II. Thomp- 
son, Professor of Grannnar in St. John's College ; Marius Puvall, 
Medical Director of the U. S. Xavy ; William R. Goodman, M. D. ; 
Philip Lansdale, Medical Director U. S. Xavy; William Levely, 
Surgeon United States Army, of the class of 1838 ; Frederick 
Stoiie, Judge of the Court of Appeals, of the class of 1839 ; Luther 
Giddings, "Major of rhe United States Army; George S. Hum- 
phrey,'' Lieutenant, United States Array: Richard Grason, Judge 
of the Court of Appeals of Marylan<;i. class of 1841 ; Llewellyn Boyle, 
Lieutenant United States Army and State Librarian ; John Thomas 
Hall, Lieutenant Unired States Army; James Kemp Harwood, 
Purser United States Navy; Thomas A. McParlin, Surgeon 
United States Armv ; John Schaaff Stockett, State Reporter of the 
Courtof Appeals, of the class of 1844; Nicholas Brewer, State Re- 
porter of the Court of Appeals : Richard M. Chase, Secretary of the 
Naval Academy ; James Munroe, Mayor of Annnapolis, class of 1846 ; 
James Shaw Franklin, Clerk of the Court of Appeals ; John Mullan, 
Captain United States Army : Charles S. Winder, Captain U. S. 
Army, and Brigadier General Confederate States Army ; class of 184/; 
James Re veil," State's Attorney for Anne Arundel County ; Thomas 
' J. Nelson, Paymaster U. S. Army, class of 1819 ; Charles Brewer, 
Surgeon inU.' S. and C. S. Armies ; William Sprigg Hall. Judge of 
the Court of Common Pleas for Ramsey County, Minnesota, class of 

1852 : Daniel R. Magruder, Juda-o of the Court of Appeals, class of 

1853 ; John Hf Sellraan. Paymaster United States Navy, Collector 
Internal Revenue, class of 1857 : Andrew G. Chapman, Member of 
Coup-ress, class of 1858 ; John W. Brewer, Assistant Surgeon United 
States Army ; William Hersey Hopkins. Vice Principal of St. John s 
College, President Female College of Baltimore, class of l857 ; Samuel 
T. McCullough, Lieutenant Confederaie States Army, class of 1860. 

In 1857. there was added to St. John's College Pinkney Hall, con- 
taining 46 rooms. When in tliorough repair it will accommodate 
140 to 150 students. Its floorings were greatly damaged during the 
occupancy of the College by the United States troops in the civil war.- 
Its dimensions are 38 feet front, 95 feet deep, and is four stones. 1 he 
Gymnasium is in the rear of the space between McDowell and Pink- 
ney Halls. The two professors houses to the right of Humphrey Iiall 
were built in 1855, the fine doulde house, intejided for the use of the 
Principal and Vice-Principal, was built in 1857. 

The following was the faculty of 1886 : 

Thomas J. Fell, University of London, England ; Acting President, 
Professor of Ancient and Modern Languages, and ■ Lecturer on ^ Me- 
taphysics, Moral Philosophy and Evidences of Christianity : A. Sager 
Hall, Graduate and Doctor of Philosophy of Michigan University, 
Professor of Natural Philosophy, Astronomy, Chemistry, Zoology and 
Botany, and Lecturer on Mineralogy and Geology ; C. W. Reid, 1 ro- 
fessor of the Greek and German Languages ; diaries W. Foster, U . 
S \. Professor of Military Science and Tact'cb, and Lecturer on In- 
ternational and Constitutional Law : J. H. Baker, Assistant Engmeer 
U S N Professor of Higher Mathematics and :\rechanical Lngmeer- 



■218 "The A n c i e n t City." 

•ing : 0. W. Cain, Professor of Mathematics and Acting Professor of 
Englisii Literature : C. W. Reid. Superintendent of the Preparatory 
Department and Librarian ; J. E. W. Kevell. Tutor in the Prepara- 
tory Department ; John L. Chew, Tutor in the Preparatory Depart- 
ment. 



CHAPTER XL IV. 
PULSIDENT WaSHINGT 'N's^A'isIT TO AXNAI'OLIS. 

On Friday luoniiiii;-. March 2oth. 17^1, President Washington, ac- 
•comi>aiii<'d oaly liy his private Secretary, Major Jackson, anived in 
Annupoh's. Intelligence liaviug been received of his iiitended em- 
barkation at Rock Hall, Ir^ had been anxiously expectiul on Thursday 
evenitig — but the Governor, and several other gentleiuen, who had 
failed to uieet him. were compelled to return without tidings. "The 
vessel, which c Mitaiued the chief treasure of America, did not enter 
the river Severn until ten o'clock, in a dark tempestuous night. She 
struck oil a bar, or poiut. within-about a luile from the city ; and although 
they made a signal of distress, it was impossible, before day-light, "to 
go to her relief. The guardian angel of America was still watchful : 
and we are happy in assuring our countrymen that the health of their 
dearest friend has not been at all aifected by an accident far more 
distressing t(j those who were a'pprised, or rather apprehensive, of his 
situation, than to himself. ""•'' 

At 10 o'clock on the same day attended by the Governor, and a 
number of respectable citizens, he visited St. John's College, and ex- 
pressed much satisfaction at the appearance of this rising seminary. 
He then pursued his walk to the government house. At three o'clock 
he sat dowii to a public diinierat IMr. Mann's with a numerous com- 
pany of thQ inhabitants, and continued at table until there had been 
circulated the following toasts, each. of which was announced liy the 
-discharge of cannon — 

1. The People of the United States of America. 

2. The Congress. 

3. The dearest Friend of his Country. 

4. The State of Maryland. 

o. Wisdom, Justice and Harmony, in all our Pul)lie Couut-ils. 
G. Agriculture Manufactures, Commerce and Learning: may they 
flourish with Virtue and true Religion. 

7. The King of the French. 

8. The National Assem!>ly of France. 

9. The Sieur la Fayette, and the other generous Friends to America 
•in the day .f her Distress. 

* Md. (jinz -ite. 



H 1 ST R Y O F x\ N N A PO LI S . 219 

10. To all those who have lalleTi m the Cause of America. 

11. The Patriots of Nations and Ages. 

12 The Powers of Europe friendly to America. 
1?;. Miy all the inhal)itant. of the Earth he taught to cousider each 
• other as Fellow Citizens. 
14 The Virtuous Daughters of America. 
15: The Perpetual Union of distinct Sovereign btates nnder an efh- 

"?;iI:;^rdi^President again dined with a lav.e eomj^;aU h. 
Government House ; and in the evennig his presence enhxened a bail 
T^Uch^Lexhihitea everything which the httle city contained of 

"^'Tl^HtU^dT^s in a whirl of delightful excitement during the 
entire sUy of its illustrious visitor. .11 care seemed, ^"^P™^; ;.^"^ 
the inhabitants of the whole town were made; M.ap.-ym con eiplai^^^^^ 
him whom they considered as tlieir fastest fnend, as ^xsell a^ the most 
pxalted of tlieir follow -citizens, and the farst ot men. 

Sunday, the 2;th. the President left Annapoh. on ho^^^^ 
P^corted asfarasSouthKiver, by a company of gentlemen. Here 
irmost^^them touk leave of himlmtGover-mrPhUe^^^^^^^^ 
hhn to Oeorgetown. where the President stayed some dajs ^^ f, h« 
be"an 1 is arduous and patriotic journey through he ^^" If ™ ^.^ f^^ ; 

A pleasant outgrowth of President Washington s visit to Annapohs 
^vas the following correspondence : Anxai-olis. April Tth. 

To The Prrsident of th<^ TJnUtfl States. 

Sir :-We. the Faculty of St. John's College beg ^^''^'^iX'^^:^'^ 

the Sincere ioy which the honour of your preseiice m our infant .erai- 

rary affoX us. In common with all those who super. ntend the 

naiy f "o^";"^ , . . 1 .^ lively grat tude to the defender of 

t^'i^e^Ln^f^m and^misequently thegreat pa^i^ 

o ? tera u^e? But as this seminary was begun since, the uuiecl voice 

of our America called you to preside over its most impm^^^^^ 

nnd ensure to them the continuance ot those blessmgb whi.li your 

ox In forS-ht and steady fortitude had bcon the happy ^^^^'^^9^^^ 

omnrit seem ^H^ to you with hlial 

'p?; That^t dates its birth from this grand era, which has placed 

'^ft;hP^e^l of fifteen dist net Sovereijn States united into one 

^hymmwl^Js^a^dbV its friends as an auspicious circum- 

sT4 e and fla ering assurance of its future eminence and nselulness 

To S rien of virtue and his country, the rise of a college, where 

''''Sil^ned in behalf, and at the request, of the Faculty, 

' * JoHX McDowell, President, 

To the Facidty of St. John's College, . 

Gentlemen :-The satisfaction which I have derived trom my visit 



220 " T H E A N- C I E N T C I T Y . " 

to your infant seminary, is expressed with real pleasure, and my wishes 
for it^ progress to perfection are preferred with sincere regard. 

The very promising appearance of its infancy must flatter all its 
friends (among whom I entreat yon to class nie) with the hope of an 
early, and at the same time, a mature manhood. 

You will do justice to the sentiments, wliich your kind resrard 
towards myself ins])ires, liy believing that I reciprocate the good 
wishes contained in your address, and I sincerely hope the excellence 
of your seminary will bo manifested in the morals and science of the 
youth who are favored with your care. 

George Washington. 

President "Washington gave a proof of his friendly sentiments to- 
wards St. John's by installing his ward. George Wash inir ton Parke 
Custis, as a student in the iiistitutiou. Two nephews of Washington 
were also st'ndents of the Colle2-e. 



CHAPTER XLV. 
C . ;.i)NICl.ES OF AnNAFOLIS FRO.M 1777 TO ISIO. 

[1777.'] The General Assemldy, at its February Session, 1777, 
passed a resolution, under which the Court of Ajtpeals wasto be com- 
posed of five Judges. The first Judges were Benjamin Ramsey. Chief 
Judge ; Benjamin Mackall. Thomas Jones, Solomon Wright, James 
Murray, Associates. They were appointed Decendx r 12tli, 1778. 

The A'3ts of Fo!>ruary Session, 1777, Cha;)ter 15. made the "Talbot 
Court House" and Annapolis, the places of the iiiecting of the Pro- 
vincial Court, afiVrward changed into the General Court. It was a 
Court of original jurisdiction. The first Judge."--, api.ointed March 9th, 
177b, were William Paca. Chief Judare ; Isicholas riiomas and Alex. 
Contee Hanson, Associate Judges. This Ccnirt met in tlie room which, 
in the State House, gave place to, and is now o'j* upied in part by the 
State Library. ' 

[178;i.] Iji 1783, one I. Chalmers, a goldsmith. <»f Annapolis. Mary- 
land, issued silver tokens as a speculative ventui-c of his own. They 
consisted oi shillings, six-[)ences. and three-pences.now r: re, the two 
smaller pieces jjartieularly so. Dr. John David Scholf, who visited 
this county in 1783-4, gives the following account of thesj^ coins : 

"Inthe United States, Annapolis lias the honor of having .urnished 
the first silver money for small change. A goldsmith of tliis plhce 
coins on his own account, though v'ith the consent of the government. 
After the depreciation of the paper money, it became customary and 
iiecessary, throu<^diont Ainerica, to cut tiie Spanish dollai;s, in two, 
four and more pieces for change. This dividing became soon a pro- 
fital)le business in the hands of expert cutters who knew how to cut 
five fpiarters. or nine and ten eighths our ol' a roinid dollar, so that 
shortly v.vevy one refused to take this kind of money otherwise than 



ii 1 H T O U ^' O F xV A" ^' A P L I S . It^il 

by wei.2:ht or at discretion. To get over this emburrassinent the said 
goldsniith assists in getting the angular pieces ont of circnhition, by 
taking them in exchange, with a considerable advantage to himself, 
for pieces of his own coinage."* 

[1783.] At Washington's reception, the day before he resigned his 
commission, Mr. Mann furnished the supper at the State" House. 
Ninety-eight bottles of wine, two and a-half gallons of spirits, nine 
pounds of sugar, a lot of limes, music and waiters, and a dozen packs of 
cards were supplied, and the Governor directed Col. Mills of the An- 
napolis Coffee Mouse, to furnish the people with punch and grog to 
the value of £10 10s. 

[1788.] The festivities of the day that celebrated peace between 
England and America were substantial. The State bought that day 
from James Makubbin a. hogshead of rum (116 gallons at 6s. 6d. per 
gallon) and from George Mann, 49 gallons of claret, 32 gallons of Ma- 
deria, 35 port, 6 of spirit. It also purchased 1511:) of loaf sugar, 176ib 
of bacon, 2841b of salt beef, 521b of shoat, 1261b of muttoiu 27211) of 
veal. 1831b of beef, 7 lambs and 12 fowls. For the ball that closed 
the day there were 8 gallons of wine, 4 of spirits, beef, hams, tongues, 
chickens, turkeys, tarts, custards, cheese-cakes, 502 loaves of bread, 
24 shillings worth of cards, and a box of candles. The State had to 
pay Mr. Mann for 35 knives and 29 forks lost, and 28 plates, 43 wine 
glasses, 1 dish, 61 broken bottles — an index of what a day it was. 

[1786.] Xoah Webster, the lexicographer, began his life-work as 
an itinerant lecturer on the English language. t This was in 1786, in 
which course he visited the principal cities of America, Annapolis 
being one of the places in which he lectured. 

In 1787, William Clark, established a stage r5ute between Balti- 
more and Annapolis. T.he coach ran three times a week. It set out 
from Annapolis every Monday, Wednesday and Friday precisely at 
five o'clock in the morning. On the return it started from Mr. Wm. 
Evans at the Golden Bacchus, the corner of Calvert and Banks streets, 
in Baltimore, on Tuesdays, Thursdays and Saturdays, precisely at five 
o'clock in the morning. Fare — 15 shillings, way passengers, six-pence 
per mile. 

December 6th, a lady, whose name was not given, delivered a lecture 
on "Poetry'' in the Ball Boom. 

[1788.] In 1788, .ludge Samuel Chase, removed from Annapolis to 
Baltimore, on the urgeiit solicitation of Col. Howard, a large property- 
holder, who, as an inducement to reside in Baltimore, offered Mr. 
Chase one full square for city building lots, if he would make Balti- 
more his residence. The offer was accepted, the property was con- 
veyed to him, and is now within the heart of the city, a valuable estate. 
It remains in the possession of the descendants of Judge Chase. 

While on a visit to Baltimore, towards the close of the Bevolu- 
tionary War. he stopped, from curiosity, in a debating society, where 
he was astonished at the eloquence of a young man. He proved to be 
a druggist's clerk- Judge Chase ascertained the young man's name, 
searched him out, and advised him to study law. The young man 
disclosed to his admirer that poverty was an insurmountable difficulty 
in the way. Mr. Chase offered him at once the use of his library and 

* Seharf's History of Md. vcl. I, ps. 17S-179-1S0. 

T Appleton's Kncyclopedi;), vol. 1(). p. 5jo. 



233 ' • T H E A N C I E N T C I T Y . ' ' 

at his scat table. The offer was accepted with jjratitude, the youni? 
man pursued a course of legal studies, and, on his admission to the 
bar, passed his examination with marked alnlity. That obscure young 
drug clerk was afterward the distinguished William Pinkney. 

[1788. j The (-inzptU' of date of .January ^^Ist, publishes a list of 
sev^enteen vessels that had arrived at Annapolis. The magnitude and 
the importance of the commerce of this port are evidenced by the fact 
that OTie vessel was from each of the following places : 

Barbadoes. Limington, Demarara, Aux-Cays, Amsterdam, Dublin, 
St. Croix. Salem, Belfast Port-au-Prince. Charleston, St. Bartho- 
lomews, Rhode Island and Norfolk ; and three from Xew York. 

Nicholas Carroll and Alexander Contee Hanson were elected dele- 
gates to represent Annapolis in the Convention called to determine 
whether ^Maryland would acc:de to the projxjsed jjlanof a Confederate 
Government for the States. The Convention met at Annapolis Mon- 
day, April 21st, and on the followinij: Thursday by a vote of 63 
to 11, passed a resolution that "the Convention assent to and 
ratify the proposed })lan of federal government for the United 
States." The nays on this important question form an interesting 
morsel of history. They were Jeremiah T. Chase, John T. Mercer, 
Benjamin Harrison, Charles Ridgely^ Charles Kidgely, of Wm., Edward 
Cockey, Nathan Cromwell. John Love, Willia'n Pinkney, and Luther 
Martin. 

The first ballot for the first United States Senators from Maryland, 
took i)lace at Aimapolis on December 9. The two houses met in joint 
session and it required a majority of the members in attendance to 
elect. There were thirteen Senators present and seventy members of 
the House of Delegates. Forty-two votes were necessary to elect. 
On the first ballot, John Ilenry'reeeived 41 ; George Gale 41 ; Ninah 
Forrest 41 : Charles Carroll 40 : The second ballot resulted. Henry 
43 ; Gait 40 ; Carroll 41 : Forrest 41. The Assembly then adjourned 
until Wednesday the 10th. On this dav the first ballot resulted 
Charles Carroll 42 : Ninah Forrest 89. 

[1789.] On Tuesday, the 18th, of October, the Jockey Club of An- 
napolis had its fall races. The forty guinea purse was w. n by :\[r. Wm. 
Morgan's black horse Shakespere. The .foO purse by Mr. 'John Lee 
Gibson's bay mare Cub, and the £30 stake by ^Ir. W^m. Campbell's 
bay horse Sloven. 

[1790.] (hi 3[onday, February 11, about three o'clock in the after- 
noon the "Government House," (the Governor's residence,) was set 
on fire by a defectiv(^ chinmey. The citizens jiromptly repaired to it 
and extinsruished the fireafterit had injured the second story. Messrs. 
Andrew Brown. Alex. Thompson. James ]\FFaden, Dennis Dunning, 
John Sullivan, Patrick Dunnr Cornelius Wesr, Thomas Clark and 
Charles Caton dis{>layed judicious zeal in repairing to the roof and 
cutting a hole in which so as to admit the free passage of water by which 
the fire was extinguished. 

The same (lay, (old style,) was celebrated as the liirthdny of 
General Washington. An elegant dinner was set at Mann's Hotel, 
by which the Governor, citizens, and strangers honored the illus- 
trious hero. The (iazeftit- warms with the scene and says "it ex- 
hibited a striking picture of social and elevated joy. The name 
of Washington 0[>erated like a charm uj)ou the minds and spirit 
of the whole company. Reverence, gratitude, and lov." v,-.'rodopicted 



History OF Annapolis. 223- 

on every face, and the affections of the heart were disclosed in 
all the external expressions of ardent i^assions. The powers of 
beautv conld only complete this joyful festival. And these were 
not wanting, for, at the evening assembly, the an imatnig presence ot 
the ladies gave a fresh spur to the feelings of the day. 1 tve U 1 resi- 
dent shone in the countenance, was inscribed m the dress, and en- 
graved on the heart of every fair attendant. In a word such an occa- 
sion alone could excite feelings so general, and so sincere. Alter 
dinner a gentleman favored the company with an original song, de- 
picting the birth of Washington at the command of Jove. 

[1790.] Henry Kidgely, of Annapolis, on November 9, was elected 
one of the Governor's Council. 

In the Maryland Gazette's issue of November 11, appeared a com- 
munication, signed "A Freeman," which strongly denounced negro 

On the 16th of Novemlier, Daniel of St. Thomas Jenefer, a promi- 
nent citizen of Annapolis, died aged 07 years. . ^, tt -4- ^ 
Charles Carroll, of Carrolton, was re-elected Senator of the United 

States. 

On December 9, a communication signed "Citizen" appeared in the 

Gazette in which the writer wanted the firing of guns in the streets 

on Christmas Day broken up. The practice, however, obtains to this 

Ti792 ] On Friday, the 10th of February, Governor George Plater 
died in Annapolis. In his public character which began with 
his earliest manhood, and terminated with his death, he _ was- 
the firm advocate of the rights of man, and was distinguished 
by warm and zealous adherence to the principles of the Ameri- 
can Revolution. In private life, he lived an honest man and was 
above suspicion in the transactions of business. "He was warm 
in his affections and unbounded in his philanthropy." His remains 
were attended the next day by the honorable members of the council, 
theofficersof State, anda numerous company of citizens to South 
River, on the way to Sotterly, his seat in St. Mary's county. James 
Brice, being the first name of the Governor's Council, became Gover- 

In January, 1793 the Lof^ge of Antient York Ma?ons, installed at 
their Lodge-room in the city of Annapolis in due form, by authority of 
Peregrine" Letherbury, esq., grand-master of Maryland, and who have 
entitled themselves the Amanda Lodge, assembled to celebrate St. 
John's the Evangelist, A. L. 5792, at the house of Mr. Vachel Stevens, 
where, "with Masonic and convivial happiness, whilst decorum and 
philanthropy presided at their meeting, they drank the following 

toasts :" TT . T o i. 

1. Our Sublime brother, the president of the United States. 

2. The Day. ^ , , 

3. Our grand-master of Maryland, Peregrine Letherbury, Lsq., 

4. The Amanda Lodge. 

5. The P. grand-master of Maryland, John Coates, Esq., 

6. Our Masonic brethern. 

7. The United States. 

8. The Secretary of State. 

9. The Governor of Maryland. 
10. The Chancellor of Maryland. 



224 •'The A x c i v. s r t i r v . ' ' 

11. The Ohicf .]\kV^q of Maryland. 

12. Col. Francis Mercer. 

18. The National Assembly of France. 

On Fel)rnary 22iid, one of the Annapolis jiackcts on its way to Bal- 
timore, upset off Maj^othy river, and the following persons from An- 
■nflpolis were drowned : Mr. Thomas Pryfe, saddler : Mr. John Ross, 
Mr. John Hammond, rifr. Benjamin Buckland, cabiiut-makers : Mr. 
Thomas ('arstin, and Mr. "Wm. Lockerman, owners of the vessel : and 
Mr. .Tamos Denning, Mr. Thomas Coats of Grcensbuiy's Poirit, and a 
colored boy were also drowned. Tjiorc were ten persons on the ves- 
sel and nine were drowned. 

On Fel)rnary 24th, Thomas Dance, a plasterer of Annapolis, whilst 
at work on the inside of the dome of the "Stadt-honse." made a false 
step, and fell to tlie floor. He. died in a few hours. 

.July olst. The Muse's flame was lit V)y adorers to Vnirn incense to 
their idols in ancient Annapolis as well as in the modern days. In 
the (xazctik of July olst, appears the following acrostic : 
'"Skilled in science, formed without art to please. 
As bright as '4'lory, yet as mill as ease, 
Refined in politeness, as in carriage nice, 
Altho's she's fair, she's diffident tho's wise, 
Her brilliant eyes a hermit would entice, 
Merry, tho" not light : against flattery a test, 
Unknown to intrigue, of female fair the best. 
Range from the Northern to the Southern pole 
Retrace yonr footsteps, e'en pervade the whole. 
And view the beauties of each various clime 
You'll see none so fair, as my nymph divine I" 
[1705.] There lived at Annapolis at this period, one William Caton, 
a hair- dresser and barber, whose chief claim to renown is that he 
shaved General Washington. Caton was an unctions tradesman, and 
when he opened a grocery and dry-goods store, he closed his adver- 
tisement with : 

"The said Caton, actuated by w due regard to the sacred principles 
of gratitude, tenders his grateful tliatdcs for that liberal patronage 
whicli a generous and indulgent public has olfered him, and he flatters 
himself, that, while his mind is animated by a lively sense of preced- 
ing favors. Ids future conduct will entitle him to the claims of universal 
approbation." 

[1800.] On Sunday, January 28th, the Almshouse, a large and 
commodious building, near Annapolis, burned down. None of the 
inmates were injured. 

Saturday, the 22d of February, by proclamation of the Governor, 
oVjserved at Ainiapolis, "as a day of mourning, humiliation and 
prayer," in respect to the memory of Gen. Wasliington. "The officials 
of State, City and College, the military and citizens, attended church 
in a body. Rev. Mr. Higinbothem preached in the morning and Rev. 
Mr. Ro))erts in the afternoon. 

The text in the morning was "It is appointed for all men once to 
die." In the afternoon, "Know ye not that there is a Prince and a 
Great Man fallen this day in Israel." 

Act 75, of the session of 1880, was a supplemental Act to an Act 
to lay out and establish a road from the city of Annapolis to the city 
of Washington, and to repeal the Act therein mentioned. 



History of Annapolis. 225 

[1801 . ] In October, Allen Quynn and Richard Ridgely were elected 
to represent Annapolis in the Legislature. 

In DecemV)er of this year the proprietor of the Gazette had to de- 
fend himself against slav.derons reports circulated about the partiality 
of his charges to some of his Federal friends, whilst he made his de- 
mands very heavy upon the Republicans who brought him printing. 
Mr. Green was thoroughly vindicated by the Republicans who were 
charged to have suffered. 

[1802.] Act 104, of tlie Acts of 1802, was an Act to vest the funds 
heretofore belonging to the Rector, Governor, Trustees, and Visitors 
of King AYilliam School, in the city of Annapolis, in the Visitors and 
Governors of St John's College. 

Allen Quynn and Richard Ridgely were elected Delegates to the 
Maryland Legislature from Annapolis. 

[1803.] On Saturday, September loth, there was given a dinner at 
Mrs.Urquhart's spring where a discussion of politics followed by can- 
didates for the Legislature. This is the first notice found of the 
present barbecue. 

On the 8th of Xovember, 1803, Allen Quynn died at the ripe age of 
77 years. He had been a member of the Legislature of Maryland for 
25 years, and it is not out of place, to presume that his age was the 
cause of his retirement from service in the General Assembly. 

[1804.] In the Gazette of February 16th, a writer who signed him- 
self Juvenus, and who declared he desired to imitate Addison and 
Steele in correcting the foibles of his fellow-citizens, took up the cus- 
tom of whittling, wiiich he condemned as a destruction of property 
prevalent in Annapolis. 

On the Frigate Philadelphia, which was captured in the Tripolitan 
harbor, OctolDer 31st, by the Tripolitans, Dr. John Ridgely, of An- 
napolis, was surgeon. Dr. Ridgely was taken with sixty-three 
other Americans to prison in Tripoli. Whilst there, he was sent for 
by the Governor to attend his sick daughter. On the convalescence of 
the patient, the Governor graciously offered his daughter in marriage 
to the young American. This honor, having an affianced at home, he 
had to decline. The Governor then offered the Surgeon the freedom 
of the city. This the gallant doctor refused unless his companions 
were also allowed their liberty. When Dr. Ridgely returned to An- 
napolis, he brought with him a fine white Arabian horse and other 
valuable gifts which had been presented to him by the grateful Gov- 
ernor."* 

In August the articles of association to establish the Farmers' Bank- 
of Annapolis were first printed. The Bank contemplated fifteen 
directors and a president. The solicitors for subscription to the capital 
stock at Annapolis were John Gibson, James Williams, John Muir, 
Robert Denny, Lewis Duvall, and William Alexander, and books were 
opened in every county in the State. The plan contemplated a pow- 
erful Maryland ^rtya/e banking institution. 

In May, 1805, the Act of Assembly to incorporate the Farmers' Bank 
of Maryland was passed. There were an Annapolis subscription com- 
mittee and an Easfon committee. Thomas J. Bullitt, John Leeds Keer, 
Hall Harrison, Bennett Wheeler, Joseph Haskins, Wm. Meahng, James 

* Related to me oy his niece ilrs. Eiiza Bor.snll, then, 1880, in herS'^nd. 
year. 

15 



22(j *'The Ancient City.'' 

Earle, Jr., constituted the executive body to organize the bank. The 
books were opened July 16th, and in two days 1690 shares of the two 
thousand alloted to Annajiolis were subscribed. On August 15th, 
the election for directors to the bank took place. The following were 
elected directors : John Gibson, Arthur Shaaff, John F. Mercer, 
Richard II. Harwood, James Maccubin, Horatio Ridout, William 
Stewart, Louis Duvall, for Annapolis and Anne Arundel County ; 
William Wilkerson, for Calvert County ; Robert Bowie, for Prince 
George's County ; Henry H. Chapman, for Charles County ; Wm. 
Somerville, for St. Maiy's County ; Thomas Davis, for Montgomery 
County ; John Tyler, for Frederick County ; Lusby Tilghman, for 
Washington County ; James J. Wilkerson, for Baltimore County ; 
Benedict E. Hall, for Harford County ; Upton Brice, for Allegany 
County. The directors elected John Muir, of Annapolis, president 
of the bank. The bank at Easton was organized at the same time, 
directors elected, and Nicholas Hammond made president. 

At the Annapolis Theatre, in August, 1805, Alfonso, King of Castile, 
Love-a-La-Mode, or the Humors of the Turf, were played, also Hearts 
of Oak and Raising the Wind, the Cure for the Heart-Ache, with the 
Tale of Mystery were played. 

At the election October 4th, for two Members of the House of Dele- 
gates for Annapolis, the following was the vote : John Muir, 188 
votes ; Arthur Shaff, 171 ; Thomas Jennings, 70. 

October 5th, General John Hoskins Stone was buried at Annapolis 
with military honors. Among the participants were officers of the 
Revolutionary Army and niembers of the Society of Cincinnati. 

[1804.] May 3rd, the Gazette adopted the present style of editorial 
sub-head. 

This year a lottery was inaugurated to raise money to improve the 
streets of Annapolis, to purchase "a large and forcible fire-engine, 
and to deepen the basin.'" 

As a matter of local interest the names of the managers are ap- 
pended : James Williams, Absalom Ridgely, Wm. Alexandria, John 
Barber, Joseph Sands, Lewis Neth, Jonathan Pinkney, John Shaw, 
Frederick Green, Frederick Grammer, John Muir, William Caton. 

[1807.] Nicholas Brewer was appointed Register of the Court of 
Chancery in May. 

On the 29th of June, a public meeting was held in Annapolis, at 
whicli resolutions were passed denouncing the attack of the British 
Frigate Leopard, upon the U. S. Shij) Chesapeake, on the 22nd of June, 
off Norfolk, and promising to "support such measures as should be 
adopted by the Government." The participants refused also to have 
any intercourse with British vessels and appointed the following com- 
mittee to carry out tlie resolutions : Governor Robert Wright, John 
T. Shaff, Jeremiah T. Chase, Reverdy Gheselin, Wm. Kjlty, John 
Gassaway, Nicholas Carroll, Richard H. Harwood, John Muir, Lewis 
Duvall, Burton Whetcroft, and Nicholas Brewer. 

On the 4th of July following, the city celebrated the day in an 
unusually animated manner. The tenth toast drank was : "The 
memory of our unfortunate citizens who fell in the late wanton and 
dastardly attack on the Chesapeake — may their brother tars be ready 
to avenge it." 

On the 26th of August, 1807, information was received at Annapolis 
that a piracy had been committed in the Chesapeake, 30 miles below 



History of Annapolis. 237 

the city, by a French pirate, in the capture of the ship Othello, Cap- 
tain Glover, bound to Baltimore. 

The "Holy-Hawk," packet, with two brass four-pounders, under com- 
mand of Captain Muir of the artillery, and Captain Duvall of the in- 
fantry, with a detachment of their respective companies, armed with 
muskets and boarding pikes, accompanied by a boat from the 'L'Eole,' 
(then lying in our harbor,) with thirty-three volunteers, French and 
American under the command of Lieutenant Mann, of the United 
States Navy, and an officer of the 'L'Eole,' sailed in pursuit of the 
pirate. They proceeded some distance down the bay, but returned 
without encountering the bold buccanneer. Captain Samuel and John 
Sterrett, in conjunction with Captain Porter, of the United States 
Navy, were more successful, and the pirate was captured and taken to 
Baltimore. Five of the crew, who had passed through Annapolis, 
■were captured by our citizens a short distance from town. These 
were also taken to BaUimore. Such was the pitch of popular excite- 
ment over this affair that a high official gravely informed the captors 
of these five unarmed Frenchmen "that they deserved well of their 
country." 

[1808.] Congressman Van Horn, on the 12th of January, presented 
a memorial from the Mayor, Aldermen, Common Council, and citizens 
of Annapolis, urging the great importance of the place to the trade 
ot the Chesapeake, and praying Congress to take measures to have 
suitable fortifications erected there. The petition was referred to "the 
Secretary of War. In March, proposals were advertised for the pur- 
chase of 100,000 good bricks, 200 tons of good foundation stone, and 
2,000 bushels of good shell lime for the fortification of Annapolis. 

The advertisement was signed by John Randall. 

The Annapolis United Guards were at this time perfecting themselves 
in the military art. 

The First Volunteer Company also drilled at this period. 

On Monday, the 3rd of October, the city election for two delegates 
to the Legislature took place. It resulted, John Muir, 162 ; James 
Boyle, 138 ; A. C. Magruder, 111. 

[1809.] In May, counterfeits on the Farmers' Bank appeared. They 
were SI notes clumsily altered into $10. 

[1810.] On the 30th of August, John Muir, president of the Farmers' 
Bank, died in the 60th year of his age. He was a native of Scotland 
but came to America when quite young. He was a warm advocate of 
American Independence, and took an active part in the Revolution. 
He represented Annapolis six years in the Legislature. He enjoyed a 
high reputation for charity, patriotism, and particularly for devotion 
to the inlerests of Annapolis. 

Mr. Absalom Riigely, an Annapolis merchant of the seventeenth 
century, appears to have been a public-spirited citizen. The follow- 
ing is extracted from the Annapolis Council proceedings of the 10th of 
May, 1788 : 

"The committee, appointed to report on the petition of Absalom 
Ridgely, made the following report, viz : 

"We, your committee, appointed for the purpose of examining the 
situation of Prince George's street, adjoining Mr. Ridgely's, do report, 
that the filling up and completing the said street, will be both useful 
and necessary and beg leave to recommend an acceptance of the terms 



228 " T H E A N C I E N T C I T Y. ' ' 

for filling up and corapleating the work of said street offered by Mr. 
Ridgely, which we have herewith transmitted for your consideration 
and appro Vjation. 

"Mr. xVbsaloin Ridgely's proposition : 

"To the vvorshii)ful the Mayor, Recorder, Aldermen, and Common 
Councilmen of the City of Annapolis. The proposal of Absalom 
Ridgely, to fill the public wharf at the end of Prince George's street, 
as far as the logs that are now down. 

"Your proposer will undertake at his o^v^l immediate expense to fill 
in the wharf aforesaid, in any manner that shall be directed, l)y the 
corporation or a committee thereof, will engage laborers for that 
purpose upon the most reasonable terms they can be procured for ready 
money. Will deepen the water in front as much as possible l)y throw- 
ing the mud at low tides within the logs. Will superintend the work 
himself without any compensation, that it may done as expeditiously 
as possible, and will wait for reimbursements of the cxpence in which 
he means to include the cost of the wharf logs, until it will amply suit 
the conveniency of the corporation to repay it without interest. Or 
if the corporation would rather choose to employ persons themselves 
for the above purposes, he will advance the money and wait for the 
return of it as aforesaid. 

"The corporation, taking «he same into consideration, do accept the 
first proposal of Mr. Absalom Ridgely." 



CHAPTER XLVI. 
Thk Ancient Regime Disappears. 

[1790.] Annapolis began to slough its distinctive features as a town 
of the colonial regime soon after the close of the revolution, though 
traces of these earlier customs remained until near the middle of the 
present century. One of the attempts of the friends of the capital to ad- 
vance its importance was the establishnient of it>- Court of Hustings. 
It excited at the time, 1708, the envy of the Anne Arundel ollicials 
and a compromise of duties, no doubt born of a straggle for fees, had 
to be made between the city's and county's sheriff and other officers, 
before the right was given the Mayor to hold a court. 
The duties of this court are indicated by a leaf from its docket :* 
"At a meeting of the Mayor's Court on Tuesday, the 2Gt}i day of 
January, 1790. 

Were Present : 
"Nicholas Carroll, Esq., 3Iayor. 
"Allen Quynn, ^ 

"Rol)ert Conden, I Es<][rs., Aldermen. 
".John BuUen, J 

* Minute Book of tin- Mayor's Court, MSS. p, 2>. 



History OF Annapolis. 339 

'*Mr. George Jennings is admitted an Attorney of this Court, and 
.qualifies as such in the usual manner. 
"The Court adjourns till 3 o'clock. 
"Post Meridien, the Court met. 

Present : 
"Nicholas Carroll, Esq., Mayor. 
"Allen Quynn, ^ 

".James Brice, V Esqrs., Aldermen. 
"Robert Conden, j 
"The Sheriff makes return of his pannel of Jurors, out of which, the 
€ourt appoint the following as Grand Jurors, to wit : 

"Beriah Ma ybury. Foreman, "Thomas Simpson, 

"Joseph Clark, "John Long, 

"Henrv Whetcroft, "Joseph Rowles, 

"William Middleton, "Gilbert Middleton, 

"Thomas Dalziell, "Alexander Thompson,- 

".Joseph Burneston, "William W^ells, 

"Richard Frazier, "George Johnson, 

"John Hannah, 

"John Hyde— Bailiff. 
"Who, being sworn and charged, retire to their chamber and after- 
wards return and present to the court the following presentments, to 
wit : 

"Richard Thompson^ Jr., for an assault on free negro Tom ; same, 
for an assault on Wm. Williams ; John Keith, for an assault on free 
negro Tom ; JamesReid, for an assault on Wm. H. McPherson ; Charles 
Beard, for firing a gun in the street ; Henry Sypolls, for same ; negro 
Tom, slave to Mr. James Williams, for an assault on Wm. Caton ; 
Charles Faris, for an assault on Jonathan Pinkaey. of Robert : John 
Wisehara, for suffering his chimney to lUaze out at tlie top ; Thomas 
Brewer, for an assault on negro Tom ; Benjamin Fairbain, for dealing 
with a slave ; .James Murray, for chimney blazing out at the top; 
Archd. Golder, for an assault on Wm. Grant ; George Tumblert, for 
same on John Tootell ; Samuel Hutton, for chimney blazing out at 
the top ; Richard Thompson," Jr., and John Keith, for entering the 
dwelling house of Mrs. Susannah Brewer, in a riotious and disorderly 
manner ; Benjamin Fairbain, for an assault on Richard Fleming ; 
John Gutroy, for same on Wm. Koss ; Thomas Adams, for selling 
liquor without licence ; Richard Jones, for same at four diflierent times ; 
John Rea. for harboring slaves ; William Alexander, for an assault on 
Elizabeth McMechen : same, for a riot ; John Rea, for selling liquor 
under a pint — three different times ; same, for harbouring negro 
Moses ; same, for selling liquor and suffering it to be drank in his 
house ; Sampson Salmon, for suffering his hogs to go at large : Daniel 
Fowler, 3, for same ; Robert Tysalel. for same ; Wra. Alexander, for 
dealing with negro Ruth ; John Brice, of Robert, for procuring liquor 
for negro Ruth ; William Ross, for an assault on Robert Gutroy ; 
John Gutroy, for an assault on John Hyde ; James Carroll, for chim- 
ney blazing out at the top ; negro Ruth, for keeping a disorderly 
house ; Thomas Adams, for same ; Thomas Jenmngs, for leaving his 
well open ; John Keith, for an assault on negro James ; Allen Quynn, 
Jr., for same on Matthew Truine ; Jane Thompson, for keeping a dis- 
orderly house, &c." 



230 ' 'The Ancient City." 

By chapter 194, passed February 13th, 1819. the charter of Annapo- 
lis was altered so as to give the electors, qualified to vote for delegates 
to the General Assembly, the right to elect the Mayor, Recorder, five 
Aldermen and seven Common Councilmen. 

The Board was to be elected every third year on the first Monday in 
October. By this act the city's right to hold a "Court of Hustings," 
was anulled. 



CHAPTER XLVII. 
William Pinkney Banquetted ix Annapolis. 

[1804.] The Gazette of November, 29, 1804, says : 
"On Wednesday, the 21st instant, the Honourable William Pink- 
ney, Esquire, who has lately returned from a long residence in Eng- 
land, under a public appointment from the United States, and recently 
under a special appomtment also from the State of Maryland, arrived 
in this city, and was immediately waited upon at Caton's tavern by a 
large concourse of respectable citizens, members of the legislature, 
&c., whose looks, still more than their declarations evinced the satis- 
faction felt at the safe return of th's distinguished and highly accom- 
plished gentleman. Among others the persons svhose names are sub- 
scribed thereto waited on Mr. Pinkney, and presented him with the 
following note : 

'To the Honourahle William Pinkney, Esquire. 

Annapolis, November 21, 1804. 
"Sir : — We are deputed Vjy a number of your old friends and fellow- 
citizens of AnnapoHs, to congratulate you on your safe arrival in this 
country, and to exj)ress the pleasure they feel at your appearance in 
this your native city. We are desired also to declare their impressions 
in regard to the honourable manner in which you are understood to 
have fulfilled the ol)jects of your late mission to Europe, and the ser- 
vice which you have incidentally been enabled to render to the State 
of Maryland in the successful termination of an affair of great impor- 
tance to its rights and interests. Those impressions we are authorised 
to say are as gratifying to the pride of your fellow-citizens as they are 
respectful and alfectionate towards yourself. We are further deputed, 
Sir, to request that you will give your friends an opportunity of per- 
sonally welcoming you to Annapolis, by favouring them with your 
company at a })ublic dinner at Mr. Caton's tavern on Friday next, at 
three o'clock. 

"Desiring to be considered as sharing most cordially in the sentiments 
here expressed, we have the honour to be, with great esteem, Sir, 
Your obedient servants, 

John Kilty, John (rassaway, 

John Davidson, Jolm Muir. 

Burton Whetcroft, Samuelli. Howard. 



History OF Annapolis. 331 

"To which Mr. Pinkney, on the next day, (having in the interim 
signified verbally his acceptance of the invitation,) returned the fol- 
lowing answer : 

Annapolis, November 22, 1804. 

''Gentlemen :— I have read with peculiar sensibility the kind and 
flattering testimonial of approbation and esteem which you have done 
me the honour to deliver to me on the part of my fellow-citizens of 
Annapolis. After an absence of more than eight years from my 
country to meet with such a reception from the mhabitants ot my 
native city, ^o which in every vicissitude of life and fortune I have 
always felt, and shall continue to feel, the most lively attachment, 
is more grateful to my heart than I am able to express. 

"I bee: you, gentlemen, to accept, with my best wishes for the future 
prosperil:y of this city, my sincere acknowledgments for the terms m 
which you have been so good as to convey its sense of my pubhc con- 
duct during my residence abroad. I shall take great pleasure in 
availing myself of your polite invitation. 

"I have the honour to be, with unfeigned respect and regard, b-eii- 
tlemen, 

Your most obedient humble servant, 

WILLIAM PINKNEY. 

Jolin Kiltij, John Davidson, Burton '\ 

Whetcroft, John Crassaway.John JIuir, V 

Samuel'Harvey Howard, Escfrs. ) 

"The following- card of invitation was. on the same day, presented 
to the President 'of the Senate and the Speaker of the House of Dele- 
gates, and communicated by them (from the chair) to the members 
of their respective houses : 

Annapolis, November 21, 1804. 

^^SiR ._A number of the inhabitants of Annapolis, desirous of giv- 
ing to their fellow-citizen, William Pinkney, Esquire, who has lately 
returned to this country from the successful discharge of importj,nt 
public functions in Europe, a testimony of the satisfaction they feel 
at his arrival amono- them, and of the high esteem they entertain tor 
his character, have deputed us to request his presence at a dniner to 
be given for that purpose at Mr. Caton's tavern on Friday next : this 
invitation havhig been accepted by Mr. Pinkney, we obey with pleasure 
a further injunction by requesting, Sir, to be favoured at the said 
public dinner with your company and that of the members of the 
Honourable House in which you preside. 

With great respect, we have the honour to be. Sir, 

Your most obedient servants. 

[Signed as before.] 

"Agreeably to this arrangement a great number of the citizens, 

the members of the Legislature generally, with the Judges of the 

Court of Appeals, several other gentlemen o! distinction who hacl also 



been invited, and the Honourable Mr. Pmkney, assembled on Fiiday 
at Mr. Caton's tavern, and partook of an elegant dinner, at wnich 
the utmost degree of conviviality and harmony prevailed. After din- 
ner the following toasts were given^ alternately by the Honourable 



232 ''The Ancient City. " 

Mr. Harwood of the council, who (in the una voidable absence of the 
Excellency the Governor) jjresided and Nicholas Carroll, Esquire, who 
acted as vice-president. 

1. The people of the United States. 

2. The President of the United States. 

3. The Congress of the United States. 

4. The memory of General Washington. 

5. The ever memorable day of the Declaration of Independence. 

6. The memory of Benjamin Franklin and other departed States- 

men of America. 

7. The memory of Warren, Montgomery, Mercer, and other de- 

parted soldiers of America. 

8. The late revolutionary army and navy of the United States. 

9. The heads of deparlnients in the government of the United 

States. 

10. The militia of America. 

11. The army and navy of the United States. 

12. A sjicedv enlargement to our countrymen in cai)tivitv. 

13. The State of Maryland. 

14. Agricidture, commerce, and manufactures. 

15. Peace, union, and public confidence. 

10. Tiie cause of freedom throughout the world. 
17, The American fair. 

After Mr. Pinkney had retired, h\ Mr, Montgomery of the House 
of Delegates, 

"William Pinkney, Esquire, the successful agent for the recovery 
of the bank stock belonging to the State of Maryland in the British 
funds." 

"On Saturday the following resolution being propounded to the 
House of Delegates was read and concurred with : 

'■'Bc.folied. That Mr, Ste])hen and Mr. Montgomery be a committee 
to wait on Mr. Pinkney to jjresent him with the compliments of this 
house, and to congratulate him on his safe return to his native coun- 
try, and to inform Mr. Pinkney, that the House of Delegates will re- 
ceive any further communications or elucidations which he may be 
pleased to make to them in person relative to the affairs of the bank 
stock, for the recovery of which the State of Maryland is so much in- 
debted to his personal attention and exertions. 

"Mr. Pinkney, having received the aforegoing communication by 
the gentlemen named for the purjiose of making tlie same, imme- 
diately attended the House of Delegates, and being conducted to a 
chair within the bar, gave, with his accustomed precision and ele- 
gance, the elucidations required relative to the recovery and transfer 
of the bank stock, on the subject of which his lengthy and able com- 
munications, comi)rehending liis correspondence with the ministers 
and law olFicers of the liritish government, and with the American 
Secretary of State, had already been read in botli Houses of the Leg- 
islature with every mark of interest and api)robation. After receiv- 
ing such private civilities as tiie shortness of his stay would i)ermit, 
Mr. Pinkney left Annapolis on Tuesday morning, intending, it is sup- 
posed, to visit the seat of tlie genera) government, wiiere it is not 
doubted his reception will l)e such as is due to acknowledged merit, 
highly cultivated talents, and faithful public service." 

■if 



History of Annapolis. 233 

CHAPTER XL VIII. 
Annapolis During the War of 1812. 

The period of the war of 1812 was one of alarm, dissension, and ex- 
■citement in xinnapolis. Two parties were arrayed against each other 
with all the bitterness born of political strife, intensified by the clash 
•of arms before their very doors. 

The Federalists of Maryland were sympathizers with England in the 
war and bitter opponents of the policy of the administration. The re- 
publicans, or democrats, were intense haters of every thing British and 
■firm and loyal supporters of Congress and the President in the prose- 
•cution of the war. 

Peace meetings were held in the county, Peace tickets voted for at 
elections, and the Gazette, the organ oi the Federalists, rang with 
bitter denunciations of the President, the results of the war, and the 
republican party generally. The 3Iarylan(l Republican, a democratic 
paper, had been cstaijlished a few years before the war. It was edited 
by Jehu Chandler, and it proved a brave and merciless advocate of its 
principles. The editor was rewarded for his zeal in the end by an 
■office at Washington and a knock-down at Annapolis. 

The free and fearless utterances of the (xazette against the 
war and the administration shows that a high appreciation of the 
principles of liberty animated the people of the Republic in the early 
■days of its history. 

On July 29, ISio, the Gazette in an editorial declared : 

"Mr. Madison may well call this "a season of trial and calamity" 
for never, since the struggle which united these states into a repub- 
lican government, did the citizens of this country witness such a 
scene of difficulties as now stare them in the face, and threaten a 
•subversion of their liberties. Whence do their difficulties arise, and 
who have been their authors ? From the imprudence of our own rulers 
they may be easily traced, notwithstanding all the arts made use of to 
cloak their designs. Could it for a moment be supposed, that this 
state of thing proceeded from measures which were unavoidable, there 
would then be some consolation for all of our troubles ; but this _ ex- 
cuse cannot, with any justification, be pleaded. Can any one believe 
that our differences would not be immediately accommodated, and that 
upon the most honorable terms, provided a proposition to that effect 
was made by our gos-ernment ? By a continuance of the war, they 
can never, with any reason, expect to obtain the object, the only 
object, which is now in dispute : but it is, day after day, plunging us 
deeper into disgrace and rendering us tenfold more contemptible in 
the eyes of all foreign nations. It may, indeed, be well to set apart 
•days of humilition, fasting, and prayer." 

Whilst these denunciations of the war and the administration were 
weekly heralded in the city, Annapolis was turned into a military 
camp," with the enemy frequently before its harbor, and its citizens 
■constantly excited by expectations of attack and calls to arms. 

The Governoi of Maryland wrote, in the early part of this year, to 
the secretary of war acquainting him with the defenseless situation 
of Annapolis. The letter was lost on the way which gave rise to many 
•suspicions of bad faith. 



234 " T H E A N C I E N T C I T Y . " 

On April 9, the citizens of Annapolis were alarmed at an early hour 
by the discharge of cannon from the fort, (Fort Madison,) and the 
drum beating- the town to arms. The alarm was caused by the arrival 
of several privateers who reported that they had been pursued some 
considerable distance up the bay by the blockading squadron. The 
people responded to their rendezvous with an alacrity that did credit 
to their promptness and patriotism. 

During this period of excitement the records of the State were re- 
moved from Annapolis to a place of greater safety, boats were 
pressed into the service of the State, and Major Charles S. Ridgely and 
his squadron hastened to xVnnapolis with great rapidity. Several 
companies of militia were also called to the place : but their services 
were not needed. 

During these trying times William Ross,- of Annapolis, was charged 
with treasonbly making bad cartridges for the soldiers. 

In the early part of May, a British sloop went aground on Thomas' 
Point bar. The patriots of Annapolis were very anxious to attack it, 
but the Governor prudently forebore as five British frigates were near 
to protect it. The publication that the Governor said he was glad that 
the sloop got off, caused considerable correspondence and a lively 
newspaper war. The weight of evidence was that the words were not 
used. 

On the evening of August 3rd, three of the enemy's ships came up 
the bay and anchored withni three miles of Annapolis. Nineteen other 
vessels stood a short distance below, and were distinctly visible from 
the State House. Every preparation was made for an attack. A large 
body of military and drafted men, with detachments of regulars and 
volunteers, under Col. Carbury, were in the town. Most of tlie fami- 
lies of the city fled to the country with the principal part of their 
goods, and the town assumed the air of a military post awaiting the 
immediate onset of the enemy. In a few days the scenes shifted. 
Two 74's and, and one 64, seven other ships, frigates, and sloops of 
war, and three tugs, lay between Ilackett's and Sandy Points. One 
large frigate dropped down immediately opposite the city, and a 
smaller one lay about two miles farther down. Below, were two 74's 
and two frigates, besides several smaller vessels, tugs, schooners, and 
tenders. There were constant calls to arms made on the citizens and 
the town was in a state of feverish excitement, not knowing at any 
moment when at attack would begin. The forces of tlie city were 
augmented by the arrival of Capt. Morris, of the frigate Adams, who 
was given command of both forts, lie brought a large body of prime 
sailors. Ca])t. Miller, from Washington, came witli a detachment of 
marines, and Capt. Getzendanner, from Frederick, with a company of 
riflemen. In the midst of these exciting times, soldiers in arms and 
the enemy in front, the Gazette was denouncing in the most vindic- 
tive manner the war and the authors of it. This imprudent conduct 
at a period so calamitons proved the great forbearance and love of 
free speech and a free press that prevailed amongst the people of the 
enlightened city. At the same time peace meetings were being held 
all over Anne Arundel. 

In the latter part of August, the British squadron sjiiled down the 
bay, and the excitement at Annapolis subsided. 

Internal dissensions, however, did not cease with the departure of 
the British, and they culminated from a remote cause in January, 



History OF Annapolis. 335 

1814. From the chord of sympathy touched for the English in the 
war with their own country, the Federalists despised Napoleon. When 
he fell, they rejoiced. At Annapolis they celebrated his downfall at 
the hands of the allied armies by a banquet on the fifteenth of 
January. 

A large concourse of gentlemen from different parts of the State 
and from the District of Columbia, assembled for that purpose and a 
procession formed at twelve o'clock at the City Tavern,* and marched 
to St. Anne's Church, headed by a band of music, "where the throne 
of grace was addressed in an appropriate manner by Rev. Mason L. 
Weems, and an oration pronounced by the Hon. Robert Goodloe 
Harper, replete with political knowledge and the eloquence of truth, "f 

The distaste, which the democratic or republican portion of the 
community felt to these proceedings, was shown by the boys disturb- 
ing the ceremonies of the church by throwing stones at the windows- 
and making other violent demonstrations whilst men in the gallery 
expressed their opposition to the proceedings by behavior that added 
to the general confusion. Major Alexander Stuart, commanding a 
detachment of United States troops in the garrison at Annapolis, 
ordered the national flag to be lowered to half-mast and minute guns 
fired to show his regret at the discomfiture of Napoleon. 

"After the performances at the church were over," the company 
joined, by an illustrious deputation of their friends from Congress, 
Messrs. Pickering, Grosvenor and Hanson, who had just arrived in 
the city, formed into a procession, and marched back to the City 
Tavern, and then to the Assembly Rooms, where they sat down to a 
sumptuous repast prepared by Mr. Isaac Parker. J. C. Herbert, 
Esq., Speaker of the House of Delegates, presided at the table, as- 
sisted by Col. Plater and Samuel Ridout, Esqr., as vice presidents. 
The local chronicler says : "A spirit of unanimity reigned throughout 
the company, for they all felt the importance of the events they had 
convened to celebrate, and nothing occurred to mar the pleasures and 
enjoyment of the day. Actuated by the purest motives, and governed 
by the most laudable feelings, a heartfelt gratitude to the great 
heroes who had stayed the arm of the oppressor, all hearts united in 
responding these sentiments, and imploring aid from the great arbiter 
of the world for their patriotic exertions. When they were ground to 
the dust by the iron hand of ruthless power, we sympathized in their 
situation ; now they have burst the chains which enslaved them, we 
rejoice at it. Can there be feelings more philanthroi)ic, more worthy 
of freemen, who estimate liberty above all things, even life itself ? The 
infl^ience of events of snch moment will not be confined within the 
limits of Europe, but their beneficial effects will be bounded only by 
the universe. This then is another cause of rejoicing." 

It was natural that such sentiments, and especially the assertion 
that "the influence of events of such moment will not be confined 
within the limits of Europe," would produce the greatest indignation 
to the advocates of the war with England, when that influence was 
none other than England's hand off Napoleon, could come down all 
the heavier on the United States. 

* City Hotfl. 
t Aid. Gftzetfe. 



236 "The Ancient City. " 

After the cloth was removed, a number of toasts were clriiiik, in- 
terspersed by songs, and music by the band. 

Among the toasts were : 

''The Union of these States — May it be preserved on sure and just 
foundations. 

"The Principles of our Constitution — Which have taught us to sym- 
pathize in the common cause of national independence. 

"Alexander of Russia — The magnanimous emancipator of nations. 

"The Coalesced Powers of Europe — Whose banners have waved in 
triumph over the ruthless enemy of the liberties of mankind. 

"The active, indefatigable, and glorious Blucher — The worthy pupil 
of the Great Frederick. 

"The Keturn of Peace — Its light is only to be reflected to our land 
from the l)hize, of Bonaparte's funeral bier. 

"Our National Councils — Purse and brain both empty, the brain 
the heavier for being too light, the purse too light for being drawn of 
heaviness. 

"Our Country a Volunteer — ^May the emancipation of the nations of 
Europe bo tlie harbinger of her deliverance from the bane of French 
influence." 

By ]Mr. Grosvenor — A Volunteer — "MaryUxnd the Ararat of the 
Southern States — In tlie deluge of democracy, tliere the ark of Fed- 
eralism finally rested."' 

By Mr. G. Calvert — A Volunteer — "May Bonaparte never receive 
more agreeable dispatcnes from this country than the toasts of this 
day." 

This banquet augmented the animosities existing in the city, the 
democrats going so far as to charge that the Federalists, who inspired 
the occasion, huzzaed for the Prince Regent. 

After dinner, when nearly half the company had retired, those who 
remained formed themselves into a procession, and, headed by a band 
of music, marched through several of the principal streets. Whilst 
thus marching the procession was met by a mob, and assailed with 
clubs, brick-bats, and other miscellaneous weapons. Several of the 
processionists were injured but not seriously. They, however, turned 
tables on the ringleaders of the riot, says the Gazttte, and adminis- 
tered to them summary punishment. 

The Viitterness of the factions led not only to political, but personal, 
polemics. The Gazttfc, which had maintained a dignified silence 
under numerous attacks of the Rcjniblican, finally broke into 
severe infective. On Wednesday, January 20th, 1814, it wrote : "We 
had, as heretofore expressedly determined not to notice any of the in- 
famous paragraphs which might appear in that contemjjtible chroni- 
cle, the Marylund Ri^publicdH, wherein, 'every third word is a lie 
duer paid than the Turk's tribute' — nor would we now be diverted 
from our proposed course, were it not that the falsehoods which 
marked the two last numbers, might acquire a circulation from their 
very malignity. We know not, nor do we care, whether they be the 
venemous eflusions of the vulgar scoundrel ( Jclni Chandler) who pro- 
fesses to edit the paper, or of liis associates in the school of defama- 
tion, wlio occasionally exercise themselves in the wanton butchery of 
character. We have, indeed, seen and we have noticed too, a certain 
puffed up, conceited, swollen fool, who is ever first to laugh at his 



History of Annapolis. 3^ 

own folly, chuckling with apparent self-gratulation at the appetite 
excited among the vulgar, for the gross ailment weekly published by 
this cannibal editor. From these circumstances and the brutal sym- 
pathies of his nature which would necessarily iuipel him lo the asso- 
ciation, we strongly suspect him to V^e a member of the Jacobin club, 
which conducts that Journal. ***** * ^-f « v * « 

"We have heen led to these remarks, by the notice taken of the fes- 
tival of Thursday last in the 31aryhiiid RepuhUccui ; which, we are 
happy to learn, has met with the decided disapprobation of the more 
decent and respectable of the Democratic party. ■■■ ■•■ "■•■ •■■ •'•' * 

"The celebration of their Master's defeat has set in motion all the 
sullen humors of Democracy, and has excited them so far as they dare, 
to acts of violence and outrage." 

Not only were specific acts made the bases of editorial am.enities be- 
tween Mr. Green and Mr. Chandler, but articles, upon public matters, 
became the texts for most vindictive tirades. In the issue of August 
10th, 1815, the editor of the Gazette said : "When a graceless scoun- 
drel, like the editor of the Maryland Reiyublican, a villainous com- 
pound of knavery and folly, promises not to be too familiar with us, 
we feel indebted to him for the only obligation which it is in the 
power of such a reptile to confer. What could induce him to take 
such particular notice of our remarks on bribery we cannot divine ; 
perhaps experience had rendered the subject familiar to him, and 
habit had endeared it. But the burthen of his song seems to be, that, 
in the proposed distribution of bribes, not one was offered to the poor 
wretch himself. The unlucky fellow ! after toiling in the work of de- 
famation with the most unremitting veniality, after selling malicious 
slanders, libels, and lies, by the square ; after having acquired the 
contempt of the world, and after having excited the blushes of his 
friends, if there be any so mean-spirited as to hold friendly commu- 
nion with him, to find himself at last almost hopeless, has he not a 
right to whine and whimper, and pitifully to beg the legislature to 
let him put his finger in the treasury for services for the not doing of 
which he should have been prosecuted ? He seems to think it an in- 
stance of unbending integrity that a poor man should reEuse the 
enormous bribe of five dollars, ^nd, by his astonishment, he seems to 
doubt whether he could have withstood the temptation. We believe, 
however, that any attempts to bribe this worthy editor would, in all 
probability remain a secret, unless, at any time, it might serve his 
purposes to publish his own sham.3. We dismiss the fellow without 
inquiring whether money is the root of his evil propensities, or whether 
they proceed from a native villainy and ol)liquity of principle." 

Mr. Chandler was apparently as caustic and far more industrious in 
his personal editorials than Mr. Green, and, it is not surprising that 
such offensive paragraphs had their natural result — a rencounter. 
Xot, however, between the two editors. Mr. Chandler gave great 
offence in his issue of June 22nd, 1816, to Mr. J. N. Watkins by re- 
ferring to him in the following enigmatical sentence — " I have a very 
curious and important law case, which I shall report in my next. 
"Blue Light vs. Blue Light." Mr. Watkins, considering that he was 
personally alluded to, and the term Blue Light* applied to him, pub- 

* The nnnie given certair. New England' opponents of the wai-of 1812, 
who were afcused of Pen iing up rockes. signals frotii landvto tne Briti-h Fleet 
hov'eringoff the coast. 



238 ''TheAncientCity." 

licly declared the same day, that he would call upon the editor the 
first opportunity that offered, and make him declare whether he 
alluded to him, and what he meant by the term Blue Light as applied 
to him, and to chastise him if his explanation was not satisfactory. On 
Monday morning he met the editor in the street, and made the de- 
mand. Mr. Chandler informed him it was the case of the warrant of 
J. Howard against himself and Mr. Bowie, which was tried in the 
chancery olTice. Mr. Watkins then demanded what he meant by the 
term Blue Light as it applied to him ? Mr. Chandler replied— "Wait 
until next Saturday's paper appeared and he would see." Mr. Watkins 
answered, "I will not wait, and I am determined to have an immediate 
explanation, or I will whip you on the spot." Mr. Chandler was at this 
time moving off, but Mr. Watkins seized him by the breast, and told 
him he should not move a step until he had made the explanation de- 
manded. Mr. Chandler immediately struck Mr. Watkins a violent 
blow over the head with a stick that staggered him, but recovering 
before the blow was repeated, he struck Mr. Chandler with his fist, 
and knocked him down, and made his stick fall from his hand. This 
Mr. Watkins seized, and alternately, with his fist, used the stick un- 
til Mr. Chandler was severely beaien. 

These vindictive attacks on. private character and personal rights 
had no other foundation than the attritions of rivalship in legitimate 
business and the unavoidable differences on political questions. 

Whilst these internal dissensions were agitating Annapolis, external 
appearances were anything but agreeable. 

The British once more hovered near Annapolis. On Sunday night, 
June 26th, 1814, a British barge supposed to belong to the Jasseur, a 
brig lying at Plumb Point, about thirty miles below Annapolis, cap- 
tured several vessels, one of them being a regular packet between An- 
napolis and Hadda way's Ferry. 

On July 9th, the British Frigate, Narcissus, accompanied by a 
schooner and two smaller vessels, passed the mouth of the Severn, on 
its way up the bay. On the 13th, the frigate returned with twelve 
bay crafts, which it had captured. 

The proximity of the British again transposed Annapolis into a 
military post. A considerable body of militia arrived from Frederick 
and Washington counties, and the upper part of Anne Arundel. They 
displayed great ])atriotism. 

On August 25th, a British frigate, a schooner, sloop, and a fleet of 
barges were in sight off Annapolis. On Sunday, Sejitember 18th, the 
enemy, having between sixty and seventy sail, again appeared off An- 
napolis. Their l)0ws were down the bay. They had discovered there 
was a North Point and a Fort McHenry. Two of the vessels grounded 
on Kent Island, and that delayed them until Tuesday. On Wednesday 
they anchored ten miles below Annapolis. 

On the night of November 15th, Annapolis was thrown into a state 
of intense excitement by the firing of the alarm guns on Horn Point 
by the guard. Citizens flew to anus, and in a brief period the 
town was ready to meet the attack of the enemy. The alarm proved 
a false one created by two bay vessels entering the mouth of the har- 
bor and refusing to notice or answer the repeated calls of the guard. 
It was then announced that, after this alarm, those vessels which re- 
fused to notice the hail of the guard would be fired upon. 



History OF Annapolis. 239 

In February, 1815, the news of peace arrived and on the 22nd An- 
napolis celebrated the welcome intelligence. The city was bril- 
liantly illuminated, the joy of the people was unbounded, all 
former political differences were buried, all past dissensions forgotten, 
and all was ' 'peace and good will towards men . " In the midst of this 
brilliant spectacle stood the State House, conspicious for its elevation 
and splendor. The great hall was decorated with a full length por- 
trait of Washington, suspended from the centre of the inner dome, 
the devices were tasteful and numerous, and the whole illumination 
brilliant and magnificent. 



CHAPTER XLIX. 
La Fayette's Visit to Axnapolis. 

[1824.] On Friday, December 17th, 1824, by invitation of the Mary- 
land Legislature, the Marquis de La Fayette visited Annapolis. The 
enthusiasm excited amongst the citizens by the arrival of the dis- 
tinguished visitor was indescribable "every eye beamed with pleasure, 
every heart throbbed with mingled emotions of gratitude, affection, \u 
and delight." His approach was announced by a national salute, and v/n 
the display of the Federal colors upon the spire of the State House. It ^ 
was three in the afternoon when he made his appearance in the city, 'C5 
accompanied by his son George Washington La Fayette, Mons. Vas- -^ 
seur, his Secretary, the Hon. Joseph Kent, the Hon. George E. ^^' 
Mitchell, Representatives in Congress from Maryland, Samue] Sprigg, "^ 
Esq., late Governor of Maryland, and the deputation from Annapolis, 
consisting of Hon. Jeremiah T. Chase, late chief justice of Maryland, 
Hon. Theodorick Bland, chancellor of the State, Col. Henry Mayna- 
dier, an officer of the Revolution, and John Randall, Esq., collector of 
the port ; who had received him at the divisional line between Anne 
Arundel and Prince George's counties. 
Judge Chase delivered there the following address to Lafayette : 
''General Lafayette, the citizens of Annapolis, ardently solicitous to 
demonstrate the feelings of their hearts on this happy occasion, have 
requested me, with one voice to express them to you — Welcome Gen- 
eral Lafayette, thrice welcome, as the revered guest ®f citizens who re- 
joice to see you. They rejoice to see you, as the friend of America, they 
rejoice to see you as the friend of the illustrious Washington— they 
rejoice to see you receiving the congratulations of a free people ; 
whose hearts from one end of the continent to the other, are filled 
with the most lively gratitude, for the great, the important services 
rendered by you in the Revolutionary war. To you. Illustrious Chief, 
they are indebted for that aid you afforded, at a time the most peril- 
ous, by which, under the favour and smiles of Providence, and under 
the guidance of the patriotic Washington, the freedom and independ- 
ence of America was established. 



240 ''The Ancient City." 

"To you and your glorious acheiveirents they owe those rights^ 
which they are now in the full enjoyment of — Liberty, the rights of 
conscience, the rights of property, and the security of all personal 
rights, and that high and exalted station America holds among the 
nations of the earth. Your noble, disinterested conduct, as the de- 
voted friend of liberty, and your timely aid in her cause, will long be 
remembered by Americans. They are deeply engraven, indelibly im- 
pressed, on their hearts, and will be transmitted from father to son, 
from generation to generation, until America be lost and swallowed 
up in the never ceasing flood of time. 

"May the Almighty God, the Great Jehovah, take you in his holy 
keeping, prolong your days, and may they be prosperous and end in 
peace, that peace of mind which passeth all understanding ; and may 
you finally be fitted for and received into those mansions of bliss pre- 
pared l»y our Lord and Sanour Jesus Christ, for his happy followers, 
is the ardent prayer of the sons of freedom." 

To the above address General Lafayette made the following reply : 

"The welcome I receive from you, gentlemen, in the name of the 
citizens of Annat'olis, the pleasure to meet you again, my dear and 
venerated sir, and the remembrance of one of my earliest friends, and 
co-patriots, in the cause of America, your excellent brother, are senti- 
ment which I am happy to express. I thank you for the testimonies 
of your esteem and friendship. I rejoice with you in the admirable 
results of our glorious revolution, and feel an affectionate eagerness 
to re-enter the metropolis where I am so kindly invited, and where so 
many old obligations have been conferred upon me." 

Lafayette was escorted by Captain Bowie's elegant company of 
mounted riflemen from Xothingham, Prince George's county and 
Captain Sellman's troop of horse from South River, Anne Arundel 
county. 

At Miller's Ilill, the procession, in spite of the rain which continued 
from morn till night, was formed under the marshalship of Colonel 
Jones, of the United States Army. It presented a creditable military 
appearance, and consisted of : 

Two companies of the Annapolis riflemen ; 

Two companies of Annapolis infantry ; 

One company of Annapolis artillery ; 

Captain Dooly's company of riflemen from West River: 

Captain Bruce's company of mounted riflemen from Nothingham ; 

Captain Watson's, Captain Warfield's, and Captain Sellman's troops 
of horses ; 

The troops from Fort Severn ; 

Colonel Charles S. Ridgely, of the cavalry, and the officers of Cap- 
tain PTollingsworth's troop of horse from Elk Ridge. 

The procession passed through West Street, down Church Street, 
up Frances to the eastern gate of the circle where the General 
alighted from his carriage and was conducted to the State House. 
Upon entering the hall, he was greeted by about thirty little girls, 
each about twelve years old, formed in a semi-circle, all dressed in 
white, with wreaths of evergreen entwined around their heads, and 
holding in their hands banners with the following inscriptions : 

"LaFayette — The friend of our fathers will always V)e welcome to 
the hearts of their children," and 

"The cannon's roar proclaims the gratitude of warriors ; 



History OF Annapolis. 241 

"More peaceful emblems must tell of ours." 

The General was conducted to the Senate Chamber of historic re- 
nown — where, in the presence of the corporate authorities of the city, 
the members of the Le|T:islature, a numerous assemblage of ladies, 
citizens, and strangers, he was addressed by Colonel James Boyle, the 
Mayor of the city, in the following terms : 

"On the part of the corporation and my fellow-citizens, I greet you 
with a hearty and affectionate welcome. You have been in this city 
before, during the gloomy period of that war, which severed one-half 
of the British empire from the other, and placed these states on an 
•equality with the independent nations of the earth. We rejoice to 
see you now. The children have inherited the grateful affections of 
their fathers. 

"We do not know which to admire most, that bold and chivalric 
spirit, which prompted you to leave the quiet of repose, the joys of a 
splendid court, where youth and beauty cheered even the dim lustre 
of the aged eye, and the soft endearments of an early love, or that 
spirit of benevolence, which urged you to gird on the warrior sword 
to battle for an infant land just struggling to existence. You came 
like Achilles, not the leader, but the young hero of the host, to bind 
upon your youthful brow your earliest laurels, and the myrmidons* of 
your country fougiit untired and victorious by your side. You have 
been reserved for a nobler and a better fate. He fell upon the very 
threshhold of victory. You have survived to see the maturity of that 
rich boon your gallant sword assisted to achieve. The Grand Master 
of the Universe would not summon you from your frail lodge of clay 
to his celestial and eternal lodge above, until you should Vtehold these 
fair fields the permanent abode of rational liberty. We have seen 
you retire frcm our shores with the nation's blessings and the nation's 
prayers ; we have known you in your own country to reap a rich 
harvest of glory, and we have sighed with you when the dungeon 
doors of the prison of Olmutz closed and shut you from the world, 
your tender spouse, and infant offspring. Believe me. Sir, through 
this wide extended country, washed by the Atlantic on the one side, 
and the Pacific on the other, there is not an human bosom, old enough 
to distinguish right from wrong, which at the sound of your name 
throbs not with mingled emotions of gratitude and pleasure ; not an 
infant prattler but has learned to lisp the name of our illustrious 
guest and disinterested benefactor. 

"General ! You have lately seen the place where the sword of the 
revolutionary war was drawn. You now stand in that very chamber, 
and on that very spot, where the father of his country returned it to 
the scabljard ; an act which stands alone among the recorded annals 
of the world. High in the affections of the army, the valiant chief- 
tain of a mighty people, reposing on the love and confidence of the 
nation, he might, had he been ambitious, have desolated his native 
land with war and bloodshed, he might perhaps have seized upon the 
crown through the misguided feelings of the many, and have 
stained to late posterity the bright escutcheon of his fame. The 
greatness of his character was preserved to the last as an entire 
whole. He would not suffer the glittering bauble to cross the bright- 

* Evidently a misprint in the Gaz.'tte. 

16 



242 ' ^ T H E A N c I v: x i" C i t y . " 

ness of his path, nor for a moment >\vcrvc him from the line of duty.- 
His throne is of an imperishable nature, his crowu more iK^norablc 
than the richest diadems of emperors, and his sceptre cannot be bi'oken 
by the united efforts of the world. Tiiey are placed upon the purest 
page of history, and form the brightest halo round its loveliest disk.- 

"Permit me again. Sir, to welcome you to Aunajtolis, and to assure 
you that your arrival is a source of unutterable i)lpasure." 

To which General Lafayette replied : 

•'I had eagerly anticipated the pleasure I now enjoy, to revisit this 
m.etro[iolis, and to find it in the possession of those ])lessings of inde- 
pendence and freedom, for whicli we have had to contend. My grati- 
fication is com[)leted by the affectionate and flattering welcome, Nnth 
which I am honored, and by the kind manner in which you, Mr. 
Mayor, have been pleased to express it. 

•'This city has been the theatre of resolutions most inq)ortant tc 
the welfare of the United States, and indeed to the general welfare 
of mankind. It has witnessed the alfecting scene, when our uni)ar- 
allelled chief resigned the powers he iiad exercised with so mucli civil 
moderation and military glory, at the head of our patriotic army, an 
army in every heart of who-n, be assni-ed Sir, the lofty principle of un- 
shaken and unalloyed rci)ublicanism was as warndy felt and as firmly- 
fixed as in the Ijreast itseif of our beloved commander. 

"Amidst those solemn recollections, tliere are personal remem- 
brances, endearing and honorable, which the view of this State House, 
most particularly impress upon my mind, and which mingle with the 
sense of my actual obligations, when T reciuest jon, Mr. Mayor, the 
gentlemen of the Common Council, and all the citizens of Annapolis, 
to accept the tribute of my most respectful and affectionate thanks." 

He was then introduced to the members of the Cori)0 ration, and to 
as many other persons, as the lateness of the hour would adn)it. The 
ceremonies in the Senate ChamV)er V)eing finished, 'the i)rocession was 
again formed, and moved on to Fort Severn, where a national salute 
was tired, and other ajjpropriate honors paid to the illustrious visitor 
by the excellent of!icers attached to rhat garrison. Colonel Jones, 
Lieutenants Lendrum and Davidson. The general and his suite were 
then conducted to the Government House, where, in compliance with 
an invitation from his Excellency, the Governor, his quarters were 
fixed. In the evening the general and his suite were escoi-ted Uj 
theeolle:re, which had been selected as the most convenient place for 
the Bivli which had been prepared, under the direction of the com- 
mittee oi arrangements, by Mr. James Williamson. The hall had 
been previously, tastefully ornamented by a connnittee of ladies, 
selected for tlie purpose, and was i)ronounced to be the handsomest 
room which had ever been appropriated to an occasion of the kind in 
this country. It was ornamented with wreaths of flowers, natural 
and artificial, transparencies of Washington and Lafayette, and many 
military insignia. Li the centre was suspended a large chandelier, of 
a circular form, but gradually decreasing in its circumference from 
bottom to top. beautifully ornamented, and illuminated with nearly 
one hundred lights. The Ball was rich and elegant — and was at- 
tended by an unusually large number of ladies from various parts of 
the State, and l»y a large concourse of gentlemen. Tlie ^Marine Band 
from Washington was procured for the occasion. 



History OF Annapolis. 243^ 

On Saturday inoruino: there was a review on the college green— and 
the evolutions performed were highly creditable, l:)oth to the com- 
manding officer, (Col. eTones,) and the soldiers under his command. A 
pavillion was erected on the green, for the accommodation of the 
General and his suite, the GoA^ernor, his aids, and other gentlemen, 
to whom places were assigned. After the evolutions were executed, 
a trial of skill was exhibited by the three Rifle Comj)anies, commanded 
by Captains Dooly, Xeth, and' Hobbs, in shooting at a target, for a 
Silver Cup. His Excellency, the Givernor, and Colonel Jones, were 
appointed the Judges, and they assigned the prize to "The First An- 
napolis Sharp Shooters." The cup was then presented by General 
Lafayette to Captain Neth, who received it in behalf of his company. 
In this exhibition Captain Dooly's company, (which is a remarkably 
fine one, and is commanded by an able officer,) distinguished them- 
selves as expert marksmen (as did also Captain Hobbs' company.) 
The prize was "nol)]y lost, and nobly won." 

At 5 o'clock in the afternoon the General and suite were conducted 
to the college hall, where a most sumptuous and splendid dinner had 
been provided by the committee of arrangements under the superin- 
tendence oE Mrs. M. Robinson, of the city. The ornaments and decora- 
tions which were placed in the hall, preparatory to the hall, were 
found to be equally appropriate for the dinner, and the hall upon this 
occasion presented a scene of splendor and elegance, "seldom, or per- 
haps never surpassed in this country. The dmner was truly sump- 
tuous, and the table presented not only every delicacy to gratify the 
[lalate, but was arranged with a degree of taste and elegance, which 
contributed to increase the temptations which it presented. The 
toasts which were drank upon the occasion, were very appropriate. 
At night a general illumination took place throughout the city, and 
the night being fine it had a rery pleasing effect. The lower stories 
of the State House were illuminated, and a variety of appropriate 
transparencies exhibited." 

On Sunday morning the General, by invitation, attended divine 
services at the Methodist Meeting House. 
On Monday the committee, appointed by the Jjegislature, claimed the 
privilege of entertaining Lafayette. He was introduced to the Senate 
and House of Delegates where addresses were made to him, by the 
President and the Speaker. At 5 o'clock he dined with the Les-isla- 
ture at the College. 

On Tuesday morning, he left the city for Washington, escorted by 
Captain Sellman's troop of horse, and accompanied, as far as the 
limits of the city, by Captain Neth's Rifle Company, the regulars 
from Port Severn, and a large concourse of citizens and strangers, 
"who lamented his departure, and were penetrated with a deep sense 
of gratitude for the eminent services he rendered our country, and 
with a profound respect for his character, and a sincere affection for- 
his person." 



244 * ' T H E A N c I E N T City.'' 

CHAPTER L. 
^'The Gloriols Xinkteen/' 

Annapolis was the scene of a bloodless revolution in September, 
183G. The constitution of Maryland was an attenuated relic of colo- 
nial times with a dash of republican sjjirit permeating it. By it, was an 
extraordinary mode of electing one branch of the Legislative body 
preserved. 

An Electoral College, composed of forty electors, way elected by the 
people according to certain defined electoral districts. Of these it re- 
quired twenty-four to make a quorum. The State, since the adoption 
of the State Constitution in 1776, had gained so in population that 
these districts, which at first fairly represented the population of the 
State and the will of the people, had become a huge, political 
monstrosity by which less than one-fourth of the people of the State 
elected one entire co-ordinate branch of the legislative department 
and had a large influence in choosing the Governor of the S;ate. 

As it happened, the whigs were strongest in the*e numerically 
smaller districts, and, whilst not respresenting the fourth of the State, 
were enabled to dictate to the other three-fourths in two important 
branches of Government. Against this the democracy of Maryland 
revolted, and, assisted by many whigs who were opposed to the un- 
equal system, had called loudly for reform. 

The whigs, loath to give up power, resisted the ap})eals of party and 
people for redress. In the elections of 1836, the whigs elected 31 
meml)ers of the Senatorial College, and the democrats 19. On this 
the democrats resolved to stop the wheels of government itself or ob- 
tahi the redress tney asked. 

From Major Sprigg ITarwood, who represented Annapolis in the 
College, on August 18th, 1886, then in his 7Sth year, the sole sur- 
vivor of "the glorious nineteen," as the democrats were wont to call 
them, I obtained the following : 

*'We had a little caucus at the Baltimore House, coruei- Baltimore 
and Hanover streets, Baltimore, and then agreed that we would as- 
semble at Annapolis and send a communication, as we did on the 19th 
of Sei)tember, to the twenty-one whig electors who were in the Senate 
Chamber, and who had qualified, and were waiting for all of us, re- 
quiring at least three before a quorum could be formed to transact 
business. When we sent our communication to them, they would hold 
no communications with us until we qualified. If we had qualified, 
they could have then proceeded to Imsiness with their majority of 
twenty-one. 

"I first heard of the intended proceedings some days before the Bal- 
tim(n"e meeting "by Mr. Dick Iliggins coming out to the country at 
Mr. Evans, and telling me of the letters written to the Democratic 
and Reform electors to meet in Baltimore. Before going, I consulted 
with my people here to learn their views. I said they could instruct 
me now, but if I went to Baltimore, and committed myself it was then 
too late, I would have to stand l)y it. They said 'Go, the i)rinciple 
is right, and we will stand by you.' This they did although they 
had a representation equal to Baltimore's — two delegates in the Leg- 
islature. 



History OF Annapolis. 345 

"We met in Baltimore about a week previous to the meeting of the 
College here on the 19th of September, and agreed on the outlines of 
the proposition as indicated by the letter dated on the 19th. 

"There was no personal animosity among the participants. I used 
to associate with the whig electors outside, and they would ask me to 
go up to the Senate, but I would say — "No, you will lock me in." 
The outsiders were very much alarmed. They thought no rights were 
left in property as there was no legislature, the whig judges actually 
taking this view, and the people generally thought the country was 
gone. 

"Afterwards, when three of the nineteen concluded to participate 
in the organization of the College, John S. Sellman wrote to us to meet 
at Annapolis, but all declined save Marcy Fountain, Enoch George, 
George A. Tliomas, and Wesley Linthicum. Messrs. Thomas and 
George regretted coming, but finding three were going in, (enough to 
make a quorum,) they also consented to go, but not then until the 
basis of electing a Senate and the reforms to be given had been agreed 
upon. 

"The whigs gave the election of Governor to the people and altered 
the representation in the Legislature so as to equalize it somewhat in 
the State. 

"The democrats thereupon elected the Governor — the whigs only 
succeeded in getting in Gov. Pratt in 1843, and the Know Nothings, 
Thomas Holliday Hicks, in 1857. The whigs often, however, had the 
Legislature. 

"Our people were satisfied, but the whigs were excited here. They 
did not like giving up the State. Several steamers came here daily 
from Baltimore and the counties, filled with whigs, who hoped to make 
an impression on the nineteen. Everybody had gone away then ex- 
cept myself."* 

The following is the correspondence that took place on the 19th of 
September : 

"Gentlemen. — It is duty which we owe to our constituents, that be- 
fore we take our seats in the College of Electors of the Senate of this 
State, we should have a distinct and positive understandiug, as to the 
course to be pursued by that body. 

"You are apprised, '.hat, a crisis has occurred, when neither of the 
political parties of the State have elected Electors, having the consti- 
tutional power to form a Senate. Of the nineteen counties and two 
cities, into which the State is divided, we represent the two cities and 
eight of the counties, having a white population of 205,922, and 
federal numbers 2G7,G69. You represent ten of the counties, having 
a white population of 85,179 ; and federal numbers 138,002 ; and the- 
vote of the remaining counties is dividpd. Of the Electoral Body, we 
are nineteen in number, while you are twenty-one. But, although 
you are a majority (the smallest possible) of the College, it is to be 
recollected that we represent nearly three-fourths of the free white 
population, and two-thirds of the federal numbers of the State, and 
very much the largest portion of its territorial extent and wealtli : we 
shall, therefore, expect that you will concede to us the nomination of 
eight members of the Senate to be chosen, and that you will vote for 
the persons whom we may nominate to the College, although they 
may be favourable to a convention to revise and amend the Constitu- 

* Annapoli.x was his home. 



240 "TheAnciext City." 

tioii of the State, if, in all other respects, in your opinion well qualified. 
The counties and cities we represent ought to have, upon any jiolitical 
principle which governs the appointment of members of a Legisla- 
ture, a majority of the Senate to be formed, greater than that which 
is sought to be obtained. To force upon them, then, being the 
majority of the people, an entire Senate, against their will, would l)e 
unjust and Ami-Republican; and we, their agents, cannot participate 
in such a violation of their rights as freemen ; neither can we become 
passive members of Electoral College, and thereby enable you to select 
for the people, we have the honor to represent. Senators residing in 
the district from which we come. The people of those counties and 
cities have elected us to make choice of their Senators, presuming that 
we who reside among them are better qualified than strangers can be. 
to choose those who know their rights and interests, and will protect 
them. If our constituents are to be subjected to a Senate opposed to 
their will, it woukl be an aggravation of the evils they will be com- 
pelled to endure to have some of the memliers of that body taken from 
the midst of communities whose confidence they do not enjoy, and 
whose wants and wishes they are not willing cheerfully to gratify. 
From these considerations, we feel compelled to take the position 
above assumed. Moreover, our constituents, who desire to see radical 
changes made in their present constitution have a right to expect that 
we will not fail to exert all the powers reposed in us under our form of 
government to make the institutions of the State more republican and 
conformable to the will of those for whose liappiness and safety they 
were designed. 

"The friends of reform in Maryland have sought repeatedly to obtain 
from the Legislature, by an exertion of the powers confided to that 
body by the fifty-ninth ^ection of the Constitution, such amendments 
of that instrument as are indispensable, and it is with regret we say 
that all their applications were in vain, and indeed it may be said, they 
were not even treated with that respectful deference to which the 
remonstrances of a large majority of the people are justly entitled. It 
would be needless for us here to spread out in detail, the several ap- 
})lieations for reform which liave been made. 

'•You know the history of many petitions which have been presented 
to the Legislature ; and we have felt the manner of their rejection. 
Each instant is fresh in the recollection of our constituents, a!id they 
believe as we do, that no redress of grievances can be had through the 
ordinary forms which the framers of our Constitution provided. Under 
this solemn consideration, we have determined not to be willingly in- 
strumental in i)erpetuating institutions that work such bitter hi jus- 
tice, and if, gentlemen, you will give us your pledge of honour to ac- 
cede to our proposal, and give to the majority of the people a majority 
of one l)ranch of the Legislature to [)revent future violations of their 
rights and privileges, it will afford us great pleasure to meet you in 
the Electoral College today. Should, however, your views as to our 
relative rights and duties not accord with ours, we shall most deeply 
regret it, and be compelled by a iiigh and holy sense of duty to our 
constituents and to the whole State, not to meet you in College, and 
thereby, we shall entirely avoid the odious responsibility of assisting 
to form a Senate obnoxious to the people we represent. 

''We are aware that your rejection of this proposition, and the State 
or thinars which mav ii-nnv ont of it. will "jfivc sunu' alnrn) to the 



History of Annapolis. 247 

'timorous. But upon the most calm and deliberate examination of the 
whole subject in all its bearings, we can discover none of those causes 
for deep and lasting excitement, which endanger the peace and good 
X)rder of the community, if the legislative functions of the government 
should cease for a season, that will be found to arise, should we assist 
to organize a Senate, which would perpetuate, possibly, all existing 
evils, and secure for five years, at least, that oppressive dominion, of 
a small minority over the majority, which has been so long reluctantly 
•endured by the people of Maryland. We perceive no cause for ap- 
prehensions and alarm in the temporary suspension of the powers of 
the Senate. Thereby, the whole Constitution would not be abrogated. 
The Governor would remain in office long enough to afford time to 
form a new Constitution, and perform the function of the Executive 
Department. 

"The Judiciary and the officers connected with the Courts would ex- 
perience no interruption of their powers, and all the officers who de- 
rive their appointments annually from the Executive are impowered 
under the forty-ninth article of the Constitution, to hold their offices 
until they are superseded by the appointments of others. 

"The laws, therefore, would be administered — civil rights and private 
property properly protected, and the peace of the community pre- 
served, by all the means now employed for that purpose. In the mean 
time the powers which have ))een delegated to us, will revert to the 
people, in whose integrity, virtue, patriotism, and hitelligence, we 
have the most entire confidence ; and we doubt not but that they, 
guided by the spirit that animated our fathers in seventy-six, will pro- 
vide for every exigency that may arise. Before any inconvenience 
can be experienced, the sovereign power of the people of Maryland 
will be employed, by means of a convention to reform our Constitu- 
tion, so as not to justify a recurrence of a similar contingency, by bas- 
ing all its departments on sound Republican principles, so as to secure 
equality of political rights, and a just responsibility in all public offi- 
cers, to popular will. 

"To prevent misapprehensions, we have submitted our prepositions 
in writing, and its manifest justice gives us every reason to expect 
that you yield to it, a ready assent. We hope you do not desire to 
leave the State without a Senate, unless you are permitted to select 
all its members, — as well for counties you represent as those counties 
and cities represented by us. Xor can we believe that you will ask us 
to join you in the Electoral College, and be passive spectators of your 
proceedings, merely to witness the degredation of our constituents, 
by your choice of a Senate for 205, 923^ people, whose representatives 
you are not. We ask only what we think is right, and are determined 
to submit to nothing that 'is wrong. To our propositions we respect- 
fully ask an answer at your earliest convenience.^^J^^' 

"And whatever may be your response, we cannot doubt your con- 
currence with us in the perfect conviction of the competency of the 
people to accept a surrender of the Legislative functions of the Gov- 
ernment, and that deeply embued with the spirit of patriotism and 
justice, and guided by the lights of experience they will, through the 
instrumentality of a Convention, so adjust and apportion them as to 



248 " T H E A N C I E N T C I T Y. " 

secure the inestimable blessings of a republican government. We 

are, very respectfully, 

Gentlemen, Yours, &c., 
Charles Macgill, Ephraim Bell, 

Robert Wason, Robert T. Keene, 

Caspar Qnynn, Enoch George, 

John Fisher, M. Fountain, 

Joshua Vansant, John B. Thomas, 

Thomas Hope, Sprigg Harwood, 

Samuel Sutton, John S. Sellman, 

John Evans, ' Wesley Linthicum, 

George A. Thomas, Wash'n. Duvall, 

George Ellicott, 

"To Messrs. Heard, Leigh, Yickers, Gale, Gaither, Kent, Dalrymple, 
Williams, Handy, Spence, Franklin, Dickinson, Dudley, 'Hicks, 
Lake, Pratt, Duvall, Merrick, Brawner, Bruce, and Beall." 

"Annapolis, September 16th, 1820, P. M. 
"Gentlemen. We are anxious to elect a Senate, and for the promo- 
tion of this object, we sent certain propositions to you, for your con- 
sideration, and selected Colonel Heard as the organ of communica- 
tion, knowing him to be an old member of the Legislature, and an 
Elector returned for the County of St. Mary's which is always first 
called from priority. Colonel Heard returned this paper stating that 
he had no authority to act, and, therefore, declined presenting it to 
his political associates. We have, therefore, to request of you, 
whether you will receive any communication from us — and to indicate 
the manner in which you would prefer to receive communications 
from us. 

We are Gentlemen, 

Very Respectfully Yours, &c. 
Charles Macgill, Robert T. Keene, 

Robert Wason, M. Fountain, 

Casper Quynn, John Evans, 

John Fisher, George A. Thomas, 

George Ellicott, Washington Duvall, 

Ephraim Bell, John B. Thomas, 

Joshua Yansant, Enoch George, 

Sprigg Harwood, John S. Sellman, 

Thomas Ho])e, Wesley Linthicum, 

Samuel Sutton, 
"To Messrs. Heard, Leigh, Yickers, Gale, Gaither, Kent, Dalrymple, 
Williams, Handy, Spence, Franklin, Dickinson. Dudley, Hicks, 
Lake, Pratt, Duvall, Merrick, Brawner, Bruce, and Beall." 

"Annapolis, September 21st, 183G. 
"At one o'clock, p. m., the Democratic Republican members of the 
Electoral College again assembled, when Charles McGill, of Washing- 
ton county, resumed the Chair, and George A. Thomas, of Cecil 
county, acted as Secretary, whereujion the following proceedings were 
had : * 



History OF Annapolis. 249'' 

"Contrary to our reasonable hopes and expectations, the other Elec- 
tors having refused even to receive or reply to the propositions which 
we have thought proper to submit, formally and informally, in letters 
addressed to all of them, and in conversations held by individual mem- 
bers of this meeting, with individual members of the other branch of 
the Electoral College, and other Electors having moreover, made to 
us, or to any one of us, no propositions whatever, calculated to restore 
to the people of Maryland, through the medium of the Legislature, 
the right to revise and amend the constitution ; and this meeting 
being fully convinced that we have no alternative left but to adjourn, 
or to submit to the selection of a Senate opposed to those reforms, both 
of the constitution and of the administration of the government of the 
State, which our constituents desire to see accomplished — Therefore, 

"Resolve this meeting do now adjourn. 

CHARLES McaiLL, President. 

George A. Thomas, Secretary." 

The calm at Annapolis whilst this peaceful revolution was in pro- 
gress was in strong contrast with the excitement prevailing in other 
parts of the State. People generally felt a political catastrophe was 
at hand which threatened the destruction of property and govern- 
ment, and with these direful forebodings the timid saw impending 
and overwhelming evil, whilst the courageous prepared to meet the 
coming danger with heroic effort. 

In many places in the State pulilic meetings were held. At Balti- 
more, an immense gathering of citizens denounced the nineteen in 
forcible terms, and similar meetings followed in Washington, Freder- 
ick, and Allegany counties, at which all pledged themselves to sustain 
the supremacy of the law. On the I8th of October, the grand jury of 
Allegany county presented the nineteen electors "as unfaithful public 
agents and disturbers of the pul)lic peace." 

In the interim, whilst the whig electors remained out of theCoUegCy 
and awaited events, the presidential election was held. On the day 
following. Xovember 8th. Governor Thomas W. Veazey issued a pro- 
clamation denouncing in severe terms the conduct of the "recusant 
electors jind their aliettors," calling on the civil and military authori- 
ties to be in readiness to maintain the law, and convening tlie old 
Senate and House of Delegates to assemble on the 21st of November. 

The proclamation added greatly to the excitement in the State, and 
was responded to cordially. One company, the Planter's Guards, 
tendered their services to the executive to support the authority of 
law. Happily their aid was never required. 

Although tlie nineteen, Major Sprigg Harwood, who lived at An- 
napolis, alone excepted, had left the capital, steamboat load after 
steamboat load of people came to the city, in the spirit of some vague 
knight errantry, hopeful that they might by some means influence the 
nineteen to absolve their resolve. 

The strain, as shown by Major Harwood's statement, proved too 
great for the nerves of John S. Sellraan. of Anne Arundel, or else the 
specific promises he received were inducement enough to make him re- 
pent, early in October, his determination not to take part in the elec- 
tion of a Senate. He was followed by Wesley Linthicum, of the same 
county, on November 12th. Sellman signified this intention by letter 



«50 "The Ancient City." 

to his associates in the coinmiinication of the 19th of September to 
the twenty-one whig electors. 

The election of Delegates to the House hastened the dissolution of 
the combination. Sixty whigs and but nineteen Van Buren, or demo- 
cratic delegates, were returned. The Anne Arundel. Queen Anne's., 
and Caroline county electors regarded the elections in their counties, 
jas instructions from their constituents, and November 19th, 3Ir. 
"Wesley Linthicum, of Anne Arundel county, Dr. Enoch George and 
John B. Thomas, of Queen Anne's county, and Marcy Fountain, of 
Caroline county, all of "the glorious nineteen," appeared, and also 
qualified as Senatorial electors. The College, then composed of 
twenty-six members, proceeded to elect a Senate. 

On tlie 25th of Xoveml)er, Governor Veazey sent a special message 
to the General Assembly on this subject in wliich he declared "the an- 
nals of party contention and political errors and aberations from duty" 
* * ••=■ ''would be soarclied in vain for a case of such plain and pal- 
pable violation of constitutional duty and moral obligations as the 
conduct of the recusant electors of the Senate of Maryland exhibits." 
He regretted no statue existed to meet such an emergency and sug- 
gested the passage of one. 

But The revolt had crystalized public oj^iiiion on the suV)ject of the 
needed reforms in State government and tlie measures for wliich the 
democrats conrended were generally conceded by the Loirislature. One 
was the election of the Governor by the people. The demo-^rats 
thereupon held tnis office, with but one exception, from that date 
down to 18o7. There being no statutory pvuu'shment for their offence, 
the whigs who generally had control of the Senate, visited an unwrit- 
ten penalty on "the glorious nineteen." Xo matter to what office 
one of them was ever appointed by the Governor, a whig Senate would 
invariably reject the appointment. 



CHAPTEPw LI. 
'MoE Morgue." 

The Maryland Eepubh'ran, of August, 1836, contained the ol)itu- 
ary of a very remarkable character. The article read : 

"Mr. Josepii Simmons, the oldest inhabitant of this city, departed 
this life on Sunday evening last, at the moment the church bell tolled 
for three o'clock — that Ik-U which from time immemorial he had hini- 
self tolled regularly five or six times every day. There lives not this 
day a native of Annapolis, nay, hardly any one that has ever dwelt 
amongst, or sojourned within our borders, tluit will not on meeting 
this melanclioly note, recall the web known sound of our church l)ell 
and the striking figure of the old man tliat lias so punctually attended 
to the precise moment of ringing the hoitl' ever since the oldest of us 
can remember. 'Ere the church wa^ a ruin,' on the spot wlierc the 



History of Annapolis. 251 

present venerable edifice now stands, old Joseph was bell ringer. Not 
one man that ever has been a member of the legislature, Executive, 
or Superior Judiciary of tlie State of Maryland, not a student of St. 
John's College, or a scholar of our humbler schools, but will remem- 
ber the well known summons which his bell gave them alternately to 
duties and to relaxation. Alas ! old Joseph rings no more. 

"Whether it was by the influence of association that he had ac- 
-Ciuired the habit of punctuality, we pretend not to determine, but 
Mr. S. had deservedly obtained the reputation of being one of the 
most punctual of men. 

"This estimable quality he carried into the several departments of 
his pursuits in life. xVs a collector of accounts, which before he be- 
came too infirm he was considerably employed in, he was proverbial for 
recollecting and attending to the very moment appointed. 

"The same valuable precision was carried by him into the perfor- 
mances of the duties of Sexton, which he filled perhaps for the last 
forty years. 

"But it was at grave digging, that the deceased enjoved the dis- 
tinction of having held an office longer than perhaps any man ever 
did, nay, possibly ever will do, in this State. Undisturbed by the 
violence of those party contentions which would seem to spare no place 
however humble, unmoved even by the tide of revolution itself, by 
which allegiance was dissolved and a new and glorious^ nation was 
created, he held the prerogatives and performed the duties of grave 
digger to our community ; tor v,^ith honest pride we record it, we have 
here but one general receptable for tlie dead. In that single field is 
buried all social distinctions. Long before this field, now studded over 
with grave stones, on many of which the thick moss of a former cen- 
tury lias accumulated, was disturbed to deposit the relics of the dead, 
was this old man our grave digger. Of all the vast concourse in this 
grave yard reposing, ins hand has prepared and rounded the graves. 
At length, sinking under the accumulated weight of nearly pne hun- 
dred years, he is quietly deposited as one amongst the multitude his 
labours had gathered together. Accordingly to his last, and often 
repeated injunction, he is laid close by the side of him that in this life he 
loved the most, and, at whose death, was well known all over America, 
fifty vears ago. as the famous inn keeper at Annapolis, and for whose 
ample table, it was the province of this, his then faithful steward, to 
market and provide. • , n i, 

"Amidst the many peculiarities of character that distinguished the 
deceased, some of which no doubt grew out of an occupation that 
seventy or eighty years had made perfectly familiar to him, though 
spoken and even thought of with a strange superstition, awe and 
aversion by some "grown up children,"— amidst all his peculiarities 
we say, none were more distinct than his strict veracity, honesty, and 

sobrietv." , , 

This'obituary of Simmons sharply defines the aged sextons char- 
acter. There come down to us to color the silhouette, anecdotes of 
his oddities and peculiaiities. 

Shnmons is yet remembered by some who live in Annapolis. When 
he had reached a centennarian's age, he was an object of interest to 
all. With his v^hite hair flowing over his shoulders, his aged form 
tottering with the weight of years, his shackling step, and the som- 



353 ' ' T H E A N C I E N T C I T Y . " 

breness of his occupation, he presented to the mind the apparition of 
Old Time himself, lacking only the emblematic scythe to make the 
picture complete. 

It was such a character that gave a thrill of terror to the juvenile 
mind whenever he came in sight, for it was the belief of tiie children 
that if Simmons looked at one and said : "I want you," the day of 
doom for it was fixed. Having occasion then to pass the aged sex- 
ton, the children were wont to don their most courteous graces, and 
with unusual politeness to simper in softest accents — "How do, Mr. 
Morgue?'' This nickname, and that it was one the children were 
quite ignorant of, always infuriated Simmons, as the astonished chil- 
dren found by the sexton's vigorous replies that they had missed their 
mark, and had produced an effect just opposite from what they had 
intended. 

The spirit of Simmons' occupation became more and more a part of 
him as iiis years grew apace. He had been known after somebody had 
offended him to pass an innocent gentleman on the street and to' take 
a ghnstly satisfaction in hissing at him, "Fll have you someday,*' in 
a tone that indicated that he thought, with him, remained the "issues 
of life and death. 

Simmons, however, had a genial side to that grim nature that made 
him a terror to young people and an offence to older folk. Amongst 
other duties that appertained to that of sexton ot St. Anne's, was the 
ringing of "the one o'clock bell." On one occasion, as he was going 
into church on that duty, a lady said to him, "Oh, Mr. Simmons, do 

not ring that bell until 1 get home. Mr. likes evei-ybody to 

be ready to sit down to dinner at one." "Well, then," replied Sim- 
mons brusquely, "walk fast." As the lady put her foot on the first 
step of the porch of her house which was in the extreme end of the 
town, the bell of Old St. Anne's rang out the hour of one. Simmons 
had arrested the march of time to please his fair petitioner. 

It was Simmons' habit when the clergyman ended the service for 
the dead at the grave to give a hearty, "Amen." There lived at An- 
napolis at this period, the Rev. Mr. AVyatt. He was of the Episcopal 
Communion with strong Methodistie tendencies. On one occasion wlien 
Parson Wyatt, as he was familiarly known, was reading the service, 
some boys offended Simmons and he vented his wrath in language not 
permitted by the decalogue. The minister and sexton finished speak- 
ing together, and SimuKms ejaculated "Amen." Parson Wyatt 
'waited until the attendants at the funeral had departed, and, taking 
his cane in hand, shook it in Simmons' face, saying — "Don't you ever 
dare to stand along side of me again and say amen to an^- service I 
perform." Simmons, pointing to the other side of the grave as if the 
question at issue was one of position only, angrily retorted — "Well 
then go over on the other side." 

Col. Mann, whom Simmons liad faithfully served for years as caterer 
to Mann's Hotel, had touched the chords of his affection. Over his 
grave alone, of all the human dust he had interred, Simmons wept. 

One incident has come down to us that does not reflect his charac- 
ter in an enviable liglit. There was in Annapolis one familliarly called, 
"eTeffrey Jig," (from whom Jeffrey's Point took its name,) who with 
"Jinny Corncrackcr." his wife, lived at the loot of Duke of Glouces- 
ter street in a little hut so small they could not stand in it erect. Jef- 



History OF Annapolis. 253 

frey periodically fell into a comatose state and was several times pre- 
pared for interment . but always awoke in time to prevent the funeral. 
On one occasion his resuscitation was deferred until he was placed in 
the grave. Then as the grim sexton threw in the clods of the val- 
ley, a noise was heard in the coffin. The bystanders said Jeffrey was 
alive. Hardly realizing, let us believe, that the dead was alive, Sim- 
mons continued to fill up the grave, traditioh says with the remark : 
•"'Pie's got to die sometime ; and if he was not dead, he ought to be." 



CHAPTER LII. 
CHRO^'ICLE> OF AXXAPOLIS FROM 1810 TO 1839. 

[1810-12.] During the years 1810-12, tradition tells us George 
Frederick Cooke, the brilliant and dissolute English actor played in 
the Annapolis theatre. 

[1818.] Rev. Ralph Higginbotham, A'ice-principal of St. John's 
■College, died April 21. 

In October, Dr. D. Claude and Lewis Duval were elected delegates 
from Annapolis to the Legislature. The vote was Dr. Claude 157 ; 
Lewis Duvall 157 : T. H. Bowie 90. The two first were Democrats ; 
the last a Federalist. 

[1814.] Dr. Upton Scottfaged 90 years, died in Annapolis, on the 
23rd of February. He was a native of Ireland, but had resided in 
Annapolis GO years. His career was one of unbroken virtue, dignity, 
and usefulness. He was the chosen friend of Gen. Wolfe. 

[1815.] On Saturday, February 25, 1815, a company of Pennsyl- 
vanians, from the neighborhood of Brownsville, and commanded by 
Capt. Giesey, was honorably discharged from the ser^'ice. They won 
a high reputation among the citizens of Annapolis for their good 
conduct and scrupulous regard for the rights of the citizens. 

[181G.] On Saturday, the 10th of March, His Britannic Majesty's 
frigate Xiger, of 32 guns, Capt. Jackson, arrived off Annapolis, with 
the Hon. Henry Bagot, Minister to the United States, his lady and 
suite. The frigate gave the town a salute of 17 guns, which was re- 
turned by the City Battery. The Ministerial party landed the next 
day, under a salute from the ship, and proceeded to Washington. 

Pablic feeling ran very high in the spring of this year over an al- 
leged attempt on the part of the federalist to colonize the town with 
permanent residents of federal proclivities so as to carry the city for 
the Federalist Party. The democrats held a public meeting, in which 
the scheme was denounced in a string of resolutions. Party animosi- 
ties were so bitter when the pedagogue of the town, one Mr. Bassford, 
changed his politics from democrat to federalist, his school became so 
reduced in numbers he had to quit the town. 

On Thursday, May 23, the U. S. S. Washington, 74 guns. Com. 
Chamicey arrived off Annapolis. President Madison and wife, the 



254 • ' T H E A N C 1 E N T C I T Y . " 

Secretary of the Xary. Commodores Roocers and Porter came to An- 
napolis, stopping at Caton's. (now the City Hotel.) and A-i^ited the 
frigate. On June 7th, the Washington sailed, having on l)oard the 
celebrated William Pinkney and his family. Mr. Pinkney went as 
minister to Naples. 

At the election for delegates to the Legislature from Annapolis this 
year the federalists reduced the democratic majority. The vote was : 

Federalists, Alex. C. Mairruder, 91 : liichard Harwood, of Thos. 90. 
Democrats. Lewis Diivall 109 ; Dennis Claude 109. 

[1817.] The question of removing the capital to Baltimore was 
agitated m the Legislature of 1817 and referred to the next assembly. 

The strongest jjoint made atrainst proposed removal was the mob ni 
Baltimore in 1812, when Lingan was killed. 

Christopher Hohne, at the same session, was voted fifty dollars for 
venturing his life by going on the roof of the State House to extin- 
guish a fire. 

Fort Severn at this period was put in ati excellent state of repair 
under the supervision of Capt. James Keed, assisted by Lieuts. Bache 
and Smook. Fort Madison, at same time lay, in a state of dismantled 
desuetude. 

On the 14th of August, 3Irs. Ann Ogle, died at the advanced age 
of 94 years. Her remains were interred in the family vault at White 
Hall, at the seat of Horatio Ridout, Esq. 

The quaint cut of a steamboat appears in the Craze fte of September 
18, 1817. It seems there was a very just suspicion in the minds of 
the public that steamboats were not altoprether the safest mode of 
conveyance. So the proprietors. George Stiles & Son, of Baltimore, 
advertised that the Surprise's boilers, which steamer ran bet wee- : 
Baltimore and Annapolis, "will be proved every month to bear double 
the pressure at which they are worked.'" It was propelled by an en- 
gine on the rotary motion, and moved ''with more ease and swiftness 
than any steamboat in the United State." 

The subject of a naval depot at Annapolis was agitated in Novem- 
ber, 1817. A committee, consisting of Messrs. Hughes and Stephen, 
was appointed by the corporation to memoralize the general govern- 
ment on the subject and the President of the United States was ad- 
dressed a long connnunication in which it was stated that "Annapolis 
is. from its situation, more accessible from the ocean than any other 
port Avithin a convenient distance from the city of Washingt(m. It 
has been spontaneously selected by the ministers from foreign provi- 
nces for their places of landing and our own envoys have generally 
made it the point of their departure." 

The memorialists also told how the French 74, L'Eole, drawing 
twenty-one feet, seven inches, had coine in the harbor of Annapolis in 
1807, when the tide was not at its height, and that one mile above. 
Fort Severn, the river was oO feet deep. 

[1818.] .January 24, a meeting was held in Annapolis looking to 
the formation of a branch society to colonize, with their consent the 
free colored jieople of the United States in Africa. 

The Legislature of 1818 showed no disposition to move the capital 
to Baltimore, although the corporation of Baltimore pledged all the 
funds necessary to erect public buildings in case the capital was re- 
•moved. An effort to remove the capital to Baltimore, was also made 



History of Annapolis. 255 

government at Annapolis is now a part of the organic law of the 
State. 

On the 2Sth of May. President Monroe visited Annapolis and was 
received by John Randall, Mayor of Annapolis, and presented with a 
series of complimentary resolutions by the City Conncil, and was given 
a banquet by the citizens. The President visited Fort Severn where he 
was saluted with cannon. He then sailed up tlie Severn on the revenue 
cutter Active, as far as Round Bay, to obtain a view of the river^ 
He remained until Saturday morning, tlie 30th. 

At the election in October to select delegates to the Legislature 
from Annapolis, the following was the vote ; Democrats — Dr. Dennis 
Claude 143, John Stephen 135 ; Federals— Robr. Welch of Ben. 113. 
Addison Ridout 107. 

[1819.] The question of changing the charter of Annapolis, which 
had remained almost untouched since its grant by Queen Anne in 1708, 
arose in 1819. A writer declared "its provisions are of the most 
odious kind, and in the highest degree repugnant to the sentiments, 
the feelings,, and the wishes of the independent citizens of a free re- 
public. In the true spirit of aristocracy, it permits none but free- 
holders to hold the office-of mayor, alderman, or common councilman, 
and denies to our citizens the privilege of election more than one of 
the branches of government." Vacancies in the board of aldermen 
were filled by the common council, out of their own body, and also 
the Mayor was elected by a joint vote of the two branches, out of the 
board of common council. The charter was pronounced "one of the 
most aristocratical and absurd charters that ever disgraced the land 
of freedom." The movement was successful, and by act of December 
session, 1818, chapter 194, the charter of the city was altered and 
amended. On the fifth, the first Monday in April, 1819, the first 
election under the new city charter occurred, and the following were 
elected to fill the respective offices : 

Mayor — Lewis Duvall. 

Recorder — Thomas H. Carroll. 

Alderman — James Hunter, Francis Hollingsworth, John Randall, 
Sr., Henry Duvall, Alex. C. Magruder. 

Common Councilmen — John T. Barber. Geo. Schwrar, Joseph Sands, 
Washingron G. Tuck, William M'Parlin, Henry Magruder, James 
Shaw. 

Sunday schools were opened in Annapolis, in April, 1818. The 
number of scholars entered during the year was 64. The colored 
scholars numbered over 20. The schools were under the charge of one 
directress and four superintendents, with a number of ladies, acting 
in relation, as teachers. The school does not seem to have been 
denominational. 

In this year, the time appears most vague from the indefinite terms 
used by the correspondents from whom the facts are taken, the col- 
lector of the United States, at Annapelis, had possession of certain 
goods, taken from a British vessel, on a charge of smuggling. The 
state court issued a writ of replevin. The high sheriff of Anne Arun- 
del proceeded to serve the writ, and the collector sent to Fort Severn, 
and when the sheriff attempted to take the goods, he and his posse 
were met by a United States officer and a file of soldiers standing be- 
tween him and the goods. The excitement amongst the citizens of 
Annapolis was intense. A number armed themselves, and executed 



■25G ''The Ancient City.'' 

the writ in .spite of the sohliers, "nor was it without considerable 
personal! exertion on the part of <i:entlenien holdinir hi;2^h judicial and 
executive oflices under the state, that the tumult was prevented from 
becornin<^ more serious and fatal." 

[1830.] The lieligious and Literary Repository was commenced in 
Annapolis on Saturday .January lo, 1820. It was edited by a Society 
of Laymen, members of the Protestant Episcopal Church. Its life 
seem^L'd to have i)een of short duration. 

Feljruary 28, Charles Carroll, of Carrolton, living then at Annapolis, 
at the rii)C old age of 82, was represented as a striking instance "of 
activity of body, and energy of mind, evidencing a constitution pre- 
served by tiie strictest discipline, wliich promises him long to this 
country and tlie community of which he h.as long been considered the 
most venerable and distinguished ornament. His mansion has given 
celebrity to the hospitality of Ma:-yland, by being opeii to distin- 
guished visitors from every quarter of the union and every civilized 
country of the globe. The utility of his public life is gilded by the 
peaceful beams of his declining years. A worthy associate of those 
men whose names are engraved upon a bolder monument than the 
pyramids of Egypt." 

On Tuesday morning, September 28, the II. B. M. Frigate Spartan, 
arrived at Annapolis having on board Stratford Canning, Esq. , the 
British Minister, and Mr. Charles F. Wilmot, his secretary. Fort 
Severn and the frigate exchanged saints. 

[1821.] Acts of December session, 1820, chapter 07, provided for 
the building of the present Court House in Annapolis. The commis- 
sioners to superintend the building were Richard Ritlgely, Thomas B. 
Dorsey. Samuel Brown, Jr., Henry Woodward, Lancelot Warfield, 
Thomas Hodges, Rezin Estep Joseph McCeney, Jamer P. Soaper, 
Francis Hancock, John T. BarV)er, and Richard Harwood, of Thomas. 
Twelve thousand dollars was the limit of tiie levy to be made for the 
Court House. 

October 10th, Wm. Kilty, aged 64 years. Chancellor of the State, 
died. Hon. John Johnson was appointed Chancellor in his stead. 

[1822.] It IS not uninteresting and will have a mollifying effect on 
those who believe that rings political, only in these latter days, en- 
circled the l)ody politic, to hear Mr. John C. Weems, of Elk Ridge, 
0|)enly under his own signature declare against the "Star Ciiamber of 
Ainiapolis. where it is believed by tho-e few kee[)ers of the State, and 
more particularly of this congressional district, that no man can be 
found as well calculated to support their contest, as my friend Doctor 
Kent, who Ijy Mr. Howard's account, has been brought out in direct 
opposition to myself, although he assured me four years ago, he never 
would be again in my way, and although he last year assured General 
Marriott, lie would not be in his way." The vv-riter further indicates 
that the "Annapolis-Junto," as he styles the unnamed State Managers 
of that day. had already laid out a plan of elections by the jieople pre- 
cisely in tlir order, it is currently !-eported and generally believed, that 
the political leaders parcel out beforehand posititions and places to- 
day. 

September 15th, at the early age of 38, Jehu Chandler, a native of 
Delaware, l)ut for the previous thirteen years a resident of Annapolis, 
and editor of the Republiccui, died. 



H I s T © R Y OF Annapolis. 357 

The city election on Monday, October 1822, presented the curions 
incident of two men running before the people for two offices each on 
the same day. Lewis Duvall was a candidate for Mayor of Annapolis 
and deleo^ate to the Letrislature for Annapolis. To the former otifice 
he was elected. For the latter he was defeated by the following vote : 
Caucus — Jeremiah Hughes 152. Thomas H. Carroll 147. Anti-Cau- 
cus — Col. Lewis Duvall 139. Thomas PL Carroll was also elected re- 
corder of the city the same day. 

September 24th, Dr. Rafferty, Vice Principal of St. John's College, 
advertised a course of lectures upon Natural Philosophy, to be illus- 
trated with experiments. The Philosophic Apparatus of the College 
at this time had cost nearly $5,000, and "was made by the first artists 
•in London." The apparatus, however, did not arrive in time and the 
course was postponed until the next year. 

November 2, Jeremiah Hughes took charge of the 31aryland Repub- 
lican, as proprietor. 

[1823.] In December Session, 1822, a bill was passed to incorporate 
a company to build a bridge over the Severn River. Reverdy John- 
son was among the directors to open books for subscription. Thirty- 
five thousand dollars was the amount of capital stock in 1400 shares at 
$25 each. The structure was to be at Anna))olis and was to be a toll 
bridge. The d7-aw was to be forty feet wide. The bridge was not 
then built. It was not until 1886 that this bridge was finally erected. 
The County Commissioners who executed the work were Wm. Brewer 
-Gardiner, Arthur Carr, Wm. P. Baldwin, Wm. A. Shipley, andWm. 
Jones. 

In this year Strawberry Hill Farm, now the Government Farm, op- 
posite Annapolis, on which stood for many years the Alms House of 
the county, was sold by the trustees of the poor for $6,000. The trus- 
tees then purchased the commodious house and ten acres on the south 
S'de of South River, now in use, as the Alms House, from Mr. Lari- 
more. This is on the site of a town projected in the early history of 
the f)rov!nce under the an)bitious title of New London. 

In June of this year the committee, to which was referred the annual 
report of the Mayor, dismissed the question of police for the city saying 
that "if, instead of one city constable, three men of good, energetic, firm, 
and respectable standing, could be obtained, and give them $80 per 
annum each, who should at all times, by night as well as by day. pa- 
trol the city, and particularly on the Sabbath, and that their salary 
should be made payable quarter yearly, by an order from the Mayor 
to him, they should weekly report, and be accountable for the peace 
of the city. But when your committee view <-heir fellow-citizei'S, 
with respect to having this service performed, as it should be to our 
city, they confess themselves under conviction that it would be ex- 
tremely difficult to find men possessing the necessary qualifications." 
A further insight into the state of local affairs is seen by the statement 
of a writer in the public press, that "one-third of the revenue of this 
city is pocketed l)y those holding appointments under the corpora- 
tion." 

Resolutions were introduced in the Corporation of Annapolis in 
January, by Mr. Shaw, for subscribing for shares of stock in the com- 
pany, incorporated to build a bridge over Severn River. 
17 



2o8 ''The Ancient City." 

As an evidence of the scarcity of ready money in theS[)rini; of 1823'^ 
and the morality of the county, at the April term of Court, over (>80 
suits were brought and only one indictn eat found by the Grrand Jury 
and that of petty hirceny. xVnue Arundel at this time was the third 
in ijopulation in the State. havinLr nearly :30.000 inhabitants. Tt was 
before Howard had l)een carved out of Anne Arundel. 

By the report of the Mayor. Lewis Duvall. made in April of this 
year, it is learned "that tiie Police of the city is too n\uch weakened, 
witliin the last few months, by the discontinuance of, or from reducing 
the number of city-constables, from which period tlie city ajtpears to 
have relapsed into its former propensities, by indulufini: in riots and 
noise at nights, and gambling on the .'^altluith and other days, to the 
annoyance of sundry })arts of the city."' 

An article written for tlie Maryhai I R<'j)Hblkaihoi June 21st, raises 
the question, and])arenthetically answered it, whether, or not. thecele- 
])rated Marshal Ney of France, was not * "a certain Michael Rudolph," 
of Cecil county, Maryland, who had served with distinguished bravery 
as a Captain in Lee's dragoons during the Ameri'-'an Revolution. Ney's 
ne))hew, Edward C. Genet, gave the true place of his birth as one of 
the German departments of France, in ITGO. 

The pleasures of the turf in Annapolis were attended with evils that 
alTlict them in modern days. The Marylund Republican, of October 
I8th, says: "It is with pleasure we announce that the members of 
tlie Jockey Club have reconsidered their articles of association and 
abandoned the proposed races this season. If there be any advantage 
to the breed of horses, in such S[)orts we have certainly been paying' 
too dear a price for that advantage in the sacrifice of time, money, 
character, and morals which the race week costs." 

[1824.] A census of the population of Annapolis was taken February 
1824. The population was 2,500 including the United States Troops, 
in Fort Severn. In 1820, the census had made the number 2.200. 

During the December Session of the Legislature, of 182:J, protracted 
until March, the question of the right of the soldiers, stationed at 
Fort Severn, to vote in Annapolis at the State and national elections 
arose in the General Assembly. The question came to the Legis- 
lature undera petition from the fifty-one men stationedat the Fort. The 
Fort was then in the corporate limits of Annapolis. The judges of 
election in the preceding October election "refused to receive the votes 
of certain soldiers who had been in Fort Severn a longer term than 
six months, and who were citizeiis of this state at the time they en- 
tered into the service of the United States."' Some of the very men 
who were not allowed to vote at this election had voted at former elec- 
tions. The indignation on the subject was further heightened by 
the fact that the olTic'-rs had been allowed to vote. The Legislature 
adf)pted the re])ort of the conmiittee on the subject that it was then 
inexpedient to legislate on tliis question. 

On the first Monday of April, the city election occurred between the 
Caucus and Anti-Caucus party. The vote stood for Mayor — anti-cau- 
cus, R. llarwood, 101 ; caucus, James Boyle — 152. For Recorder — 
anti-caucus, E. D. Ridgely. 159 ; T. II. Carroll, caucus — 156. For 
Aldermen, the following an ti -caucus partv men were elected : T. An- 
derson, 101; J. X. Watkins. 102: J. W. Duvall. 159 ; caucus— D. 
Claude, 159 ; J. Williamson, 157. For Common Councilmen — the an- 
Li-caucus men elected J. Randall, Jr., 101 ; Geo. Shaw, 100 ; Bennett 



Annapolis. 259 



Hurst. 159 : the caucus— W. G. Tuck. 158 ; B. B. Brewer, 158 ; J. 
Hu2:hes, 158. W. R. Tlioiupson< P. Schwrar and Jona Ilutton, anti- 
caucus, and J. Boyd, caucus, each received 157 votes, and a new elec- 
tion had to be held to elect one Common Councilman. At that elec- 
tion the vote stood W. P. Thompson, 154 ; J. L. Boyd, 135. These 
parties represented on one side a party opposed to the caucus system of 
nomination and on the other the advocates of it. 

Auo:ustl2th, H. B. M. Frigate Phjeton, 44 guns, Captain Sturt, 
arrived in Annapolis with Mr. Vaughin, minister plenipotentiary from 
the Court of St. James to America. The usual salutes were ex- 
changed between Fort Severn and the ship. The Mayor. General 
Harwood, and others waited on the minister, and congratulated him on 
his arrival. The Minister, whilst in the city, gave a dinner to Capt. 
Sturt, hi honor of his attentions during the voyage. 

March 9th, Dr. Wm. Rafferty, was chosen Principal of St. John's 
College. 

In April, the Baltimore Medical College, awarded the first premium 
medal to Dr. Edward Sparks, of Annapolis, for the l^est medical Latin 
thesis. 

On Monday, April 19th, the boiler of the Steamboat Eagle, on her 
first trip from Annapolis to Baltimore, exploded oft' North Point. A 
soldier from Fort Severn was killed, four persons were scalded, and 
Captahi Weems and all his crew, more or less injured. Among the 
scalded was Henry M. Murray, of Annapolis, aged 34 years, who sub- 
sequently died of his injuries. The explosion set the Eagle on fire but 
it was extinguished by the crew and passengers. The son of Captain 
Weems, a lad of 13 or 13 years, was blown through the sky-light from, 
the cabin without sustaining serious injury. 

[1825.] At the foot of Maryland Avenue, on the Severn, now part 
of the Naval Academy, ran transversely the highest hills in and about 
Annapolis. They remained until that part of the city was taken into 
the Naval Academy. About the year, 1825, Daniel H. Wiggins, an 
ingenious inventor of various implements, one of which was a wheat 
drill, which successfully accomplished the work, conceived the idea of 
erecting on this prominent elevation a wind-mill that would run on 
any quarter from which the wind would blow. The idea conceived, 
the mill was built. On the day for it to start, the assembled citizens 
gathered around the ingenious contrivance, the sails wBre set, the 
wind filled their open wings, and the latent machineiy began to move. 
Around and around it went obedient to the currents, but utterly un- 
controUablf by the inventor. He had neglected to provide means by 
which to throw off the power, and to render the mill subservient to 
his will. There it went on whirling and whirring to the chagrin of 
the inventor, who had to abandon his creation to the elements as a 
monument of misdirected genius. 

The power was taken from tbe wind and conveyed to the mill by 
means of sails rigged to the spokes of a wheel that any wind would 
revolve. 

[1827.] In this year the act was passed which established the State 
Library. The law restricted the use of the books to members of the 
executive or legislative departments. 

In October, George Wells, Jr., and John N. Watkins were elected 
delegates from Annapolis to the Legislature. It seems to have been 



^60 "TheAxcient City." 

a purely personal contest and party lines were not drawn. The vote 
was George Wells, Jr., 151 ; John N. Watkins, 143 ; Henry Hobbs, 
142 ; Richard J. Crabb, 141. 

In April of this year, Dr. Dennis Claude, was elected Mayor by this 
vote : Dr. Dennis Claude, 154 ; Richard J. Crabb, 188. 

[1828.] Tn Annapolis this year, national politics showed itself in the 
election for delegates to the lje:::islature. The vote was : 

Jackson ticket — Richard J. Crabb, 158 ; Thomas Anderson, 148. 
Adams ticket — John X. Watkins, 153 ; George Wells, Jr., 149. 

Jeremiah Townley Chase, an ex-member of Congress, and Chief Judge 
of the Court of Appeals of Maryland, died in Annapolis, May 11th, aged 
nearly 80 years. 

Jeremiah Townley Chase was from early manhood until nearly the 
close of his long and active life, a public man in many im- 
portant offices, in all of which he acquitted himself with honor and 
distinction. Mr. Chase was born in Baltimore in 1748. and removed 
to Annapolis in 1779. He was Mayor of Annapolis in 1783. and de- 
livered the address of welcome to General Washington when he came 
to resign his commission in 1783. He also enjoyed the lionor of meet- 
ing and welcoming Lafayette, when he cr^^ssed' the Prince George's 
border and entered Anne Arundel in 1824, on his way to visit Annapo- 
lis. Judge Chase took an early and decided ])art in the arduous and 
doubtful contest with Great Britain, supporting with vigor the rights 
of his country. During the whole of that trying conflict, he exhibited 
the most active and patriotic zeal and unshaken firmriess. 

The beginning of his public services was his ajipointment upon the 
first Committee of Safety in Baltimore, and he enlisted as a private in 
one of the first military companies in Maryland. In February, 1775, 
he was elected by Baltimore county, of which the town was then a 
part, a member of the Convention which framed the Constitution, and 
formed the Governmeno of the State, and was one of that body which 
united in the Declaratint of Independence for Maryland. 

He continued to be a representative from Baltimore ui til he re- 
moved to Annap':lis. He was at that time elected a member of the 
Executive Council, in which capacity he served to the close of the 
Revolutionary War. It was this Governor, Thomas Johnson, in whose 
council Judge Chase served, who received the aeknowlegements of 
General Washington for procuring su{)plies of flour and cattle for the 
American Army. Judge Chase was a member of Congress in 1783, 
and, in 1784. was appointed one of the Executive Committee of that 
body to act in the recess of Congress. 

In 1789, Mr. Cliase was appointed a Judge of the General Court of 
the State. On the abolition of that Court, he was appointed Chief 
Judge of the Third Judicial District, and Chief Judge of the Court of 
Appeals. 

In June, 1824, Judge Chase resigned the office of Chief Justice. In 
the administration of justice, Judge Chase was firm, dignified, and im- 
partial ; in the domestic circle, amiable ; in society, brilliant ; 
in private conduct, kind and temperate ; exhibiting in all his acts, pub- 
lic and private, the benign influence of a sincere Christian life. 

Judge Chase died in 1828, and was buried in the City Cemetery, 
Annapolis. 

[1829.] In December Session, 1828, an act was passed incorporating 
the Annapolis and Potomac Canal Company to connect the city of 



History OF Annapolis. 261 

Annapolis and the Chesapeake and Ohio Canal Company. The project 
came to naught. 

At the election for the Legislature this year, the following was the 
vote in Annapolis : 

Administration, (Jackson's Administration,) Richard J. Crabb, 150; 
James Murray, 137 ; Anti-Administration, George Wells, Jr., 167; 
Dr. Dennis Claude, 162. 

[1830.] The following extract, taken from the Maryland Gazette, of 
May 13th, 1830, shows that the freemen of Annapolis early put the tem- 
perance question in politics : 

At a meeting of sundry individuals, held on the 14th of April, 1830, 
in the city of Annapolis, the following Preamble and Resolutions were 
adopted : 

" Whereas, the manner in which elections have been for a long time 
conducted in the city of Annapolis, is viewed by us, as having a per- 
nicious tendency to corrupt the morals of youth, as well as fraught 
with evil to our citizens in general : And, ivhereas, the baneful effects 
of such conduct cannot be counteracted successfully but by taking a 
decided stand against it ; Therefore : 

''Resolved by the undersigned, that we solemnly pledge ourselves to 
vote for no candidate or candidates for any office, for which we are 
entitled to vote, who shall himself give, or who shall for him, directly 
or indirectly suffer to be given, any kind of ardent spirits, fermented 
liquors, money, clothing or any thing else, to any voter or voters, at 
any election, for the purpose of obtaining their votes. 

''Resolved further. That the course adopted by this meeting be re- 
commended to our respectable fellow-citizens, and that they are in- 
vited to unite with us in putting down an evil as degrading as it is 
desolating. 

"Resolved, That in order to carry our object more fully into effect, 
we agree to reserve our votes to 4 o'clock in the afternoon, unless the 
business or circumstances of any of us should require him or them to 
vote earlier. 

"Resolved, That the above proceedings be published in the different 
newspapers printed in this city. 
Signed by 
Edward Williams, Samuel Goldsmith, 

Lewis GassaAvay, Grafton Munroe, 

Basil Shephard, Thomas G. Waters, 

Andrew Slicer, M. W. Conner, 

Samuel Peaco, Jacob Bassford, 

William Ross, Peter Saussac, 

Vachel Severe, Samuel Parrott, 

Daniel H. Wiggins, Daniel Dorsey, 

Thomas Sands, W, J. Goldsborough, 

Charles Henshaw, X. J. Watkins, 

Thomas King, Jr., Philip Clayton, 

Thomas King, William M'Parlin." 

William Kirby, 

They are dead, but around the names of many of them there lingers 
the odor of a holy sanctity of life that has made their memory precious 
to their descendants and an honor to the community. 

[1831.] The startling episode of American slavery,*Xat. Turner's re- 



2G2 .. ' < T H E A N C 1 E N T C I T y . " 

volt, alarmed the people of Anne Arundel, and companies of infantry 
were organized and night patrols established to defend the people from 
an expected uprising. Whilst the whites were preparing for belligerent 
measures, the following pacific action was taken in this city : 

At a numerously attended meeting of the Free Peo[>le of Colour of the 
city of Annapolis, and its vicinity, convened in the African Methodist 
Episcopal Church, on the evening of October 4th, 1831, — to take into 
consideration the propriety and expediency of adopting certain resolu- 
tions, expressive of tlieir views, wishes, and desires, the object of the 
meeting having been explained by the Chairman, the following Pre- 
aml)le and Resolutions were adopted : 

'* Whereas certain rumors, accompanied with suspicions of an unfav- 
orable character, have been in circulation tiirough the country respect- 
ing the colored population, calculated to destroy the confidence which 
the while j)opulation liave repoeed in them. 

'^Jiesohed f/icnifore. Tliat we deeply and sincerely regret that any 
circumstance should have transpired to create those suspicions. 

'^Reaolved, That we who reside in this city, and its vicinity, who now 
compose this meeting, cannot refrain from expressing our grateful 
acknowledgments in possessing the assurance that the confidence of 
their white friends is still reposed in them, and that no rumor has 
been al)le to impair the same. 

'■'Riinolved, That, as we are not insensible of the friends we have 
among the white population, and tliat many of them have labored to 
ameliorate our condition, we pledge ourselves, that our future con- 
duct and deportment shall continue to be such as will be calculated 
to increase and continue their confidence and go<'d wishes. 

''■Resolved, That should anything occur contrary to our views of 
good order, peace, and tranquility, as inculcated in the word of God, 
we will use every means and all our influence, lo put it down. 

''Resvli'ed, That we be grateful to Almighty God for the revelation 
of his will to man, and that revelation teaciies us, that it is our high- 
est wisdom to live soberly, righteously and godly, in this present world, 
that in the world to come we may be sharers of eternal life. 

"Editors friendly to tlie above resolutions, will confer a favor on this 
meeting, by giving them a few insertions, particularly those of our 
city. 

Signed, 

HENRY PRICE, Chairman. 

John Smith, Jr., Secretary." 

It was in Xovember of this year, 1831, that the project to build a 
railroad iietween Baltimore and Annapolis was inaugurated. At the same 
time the practicability of making the road connect Washington, as well 
as Baltimore, was suggested, hence came the twenty miles of road, 
known from its charter in 1830, as the Annapolis and Elk Ridge Rail- 
road. It was not, however, until February 0th, 1832, tluvt the bill 
was passed to incorporate the Baltimore and Annapolis Railroad Com- 
pany. Nothing appears to have come of tiiis. In December 1836, 
another act i)asscd, naming Ajnos A. Williams, Leonard Iglehart, 
Alexander Randall, Somerville Pinkney, George Wells, aiul EliasEUi- 
cott, as Commissioners to take subscriptions to tlie capital stock of the 
Annapolis and Elk I'idge Railroad Companv, which was placed at 
$450,000. The State subscribe $300,000 to the company's stock pro- 



History ofAnnapolis. 263 



vided first, it was to be certified to the Treasurer for the Western 
Shore that before the State's subscription was formally made that its 
m Ota would complete the road. The Governor and his Council were 
?o appoint a State director for every $100,000 of stock subscribed b^^ 
the State. The private stockholders were given S}^ directors by the 
act In May, 1837, it was publicly announced that sufficient stock 
had been subscribed to organize the company, and the State s suo- 
scription was thereupon made. Ko T,,r.nfimn 

The first passenger train left Annapohs for the Annapolis Junction, 
Christmas Day, 1840. Henry H. Bush, now living, was the engineer, 
and James Miller, the conductor. ^ nu ^ n.r^r.r.^^ 

ri834 1 A monument was suggested in January, to Charles Carroll, 
of Carroilton, at Annapolis, on the hill on the Priests' Property e.ast cor- 
ner of Gloucester street, where a large walnut tree stood which tiadi- 
•tionsavs sheltered Washington and Carroll. . 

In lucrust, the young men of Annapolis crystahzed their indigna- 
tion at the "dispwsitionto deprive them of any participation in the 
r)oltical benefits of the city," and nominated Sprigg Harwood and 
Cel^Lonis Grammer,';s candidates for the Legislature repre- 
senting the young men of the city. The nomination led t^ the usual 
biUer newspaper warfare that follows a new departure. The opposi- 
tion put iTp No holas Brewer and George Wells. It was charged that 
he e nominations were coached by WilHam B^Curran a young man 
in the employment of Mr. Blair, editor of the Washmgton Crlohe. The 
election, in October, resulted : ^ -, -r ^^ iq-> i^-^,^; 

Opposition-Sprigg Harwood, 13.) ; Fred L. Gra -mer, 13o. Domi- 
nation—Nicholas Brewer, 168 ; George \\e lis, 1(>4. 

[1835.1 June 25th, the corner stone of Humphrey Hall, St .Jolin s 
Colle-e, was laid. John Johnson, delivered an eloquent address on 
the occasion. The building committee were Eamsay Waters, John 
Johnson, and Nicholas Brewer. li. C. Long, was the architect, and 

^^H's^BT^i'tL* p'oUti^^^ of candidates for the Legislature this 

yekr sho'w that there was another change in Pf tical sh^i^.^^^f^^^^ 
^he result was : Van Buren candidates-Kiehard J '^^nes, 128 , John 
H. T. Magruder, 127. Whig candidates— Richard Swann, lo4; iho:,. 
S.* Alexander, 152. ^ ^u * 

ri839.] On Sunday, April 14th, 1839, Nicholas Brewer, father of 
the late Judge Nicholas Brewer, died. The following obituary ap- 
peared in thLext issue of the Maryland BepubUcan er.dentlj from 
the pen of Jeremiah Hughes, the veteran editor of that Journal : 

"Thus in the 68th year of his age, closes the earthly career of 
another of the most active, firm, steady, and undeviating politicians of 
this State, and of this age. A man who, as an opponent, was always 
a Man, open, undisguised, straight-forward, and high-minded As a 
friend, no man was ever more ardent, whole-hearted, and sinceie. 

"For several years, and until attacked by the disease which finally 
carried him off, Mr. Brewer, represented this city in the House o 
Delegates, of which he was one of the most useful and influential 
members. He seldom spoke in the House : when he did his speech 
was always brief, to theVurpose-and never failed to command at- 
tention It may be truly said, that a delegate more devoted to the 
interests of his constituents has never represented any people, iwice 



204 *'The Ancient City.'* 

or thrice, at earlier periods of his life, he served as Elector of the- 
Senate — a station usually appropriated to the most popular man in 
each community. 

"As a next door-neighbor and most intimate friend — as an associate 
for the third of a century in every political struggle — in peace and in 
war — through good and through evil report — in prosperity and in ad- 
versity — sickness and health — we have known and can truly testify of 
Nicholas Brewer, as a high-minded, public- spirited, patriotic, amiable 
man — a man of inflexible integrity in public as in private life." 

Mrs. Baldwin, who died in 1749, one hundred years old, the sup- 
posed first person born in Anne Arundel. Avas the progenitor of Mrsr 
Jeremiah Townley Chase, nee Hester Baldwin and Mrs. Samuel Chase, 
nee Ann Baldwin. 



CHAPTER Lin. 

Location of the United States Naval Academy 
AT Annapolis. 

[1845.] As early as November 15. 1814, Hon. William Jones, Secre- 
tary of the Navy, under President Madison, suggested the expediency 
of establishing a Naval Academy, This recommendation, from its in- 
ception to the establishment of the Naval Academy, in 1845, was fol- 
lowed l)y the persistent and intelligent effort of the leading minds in 
naval knowledge, and the best informed as to the maritime wants of the 
country. 

In 1825, two bills were before Congress, proposing the inauguration 
of a naval school. Whilst these were pending, the Maryland Legisla- 
ture January, 1820, passed the following : 

^'Mettolved by the General Assembly of Maryland, That our Sena- 
tors and Pepresentatives in Congress be, a!)d they are hereby requested 
to call the attention of their respective houses to the superior advan- 
tages which the city of Annapolis and its neighborhood possesses as a 
situation for a Naval Academy, and that they use their best exertions 
in favor of the establishment of such an institution." 

This resolution reached the United Stntes Senate February 7, 1826. 

Repeated efforts at legislation had failed, once in 1820 by a single 
v.te in the Senate, to give the United States a Naval Academy, when 
the illustrious historian George Bancroft became Secretary of the 
Navy in 1845. '•His own profound scholarshij), his rich and varied 
culture, and his personal familiarity with educational methods, enabled 
him to apfjreciate the want of the service and to devise a way in which 
it might be supplied. To him the Navy owes the foundation of the 
Naval Academy. He saw, as his predecessors had also seen that a 
dozen separate schools without organization or intelligent supervision, 
constituted as appendages to navy-yards and seagoing men-of-war, 
could produce no satisfactory results. He had seen, moreover, the 



History OF Annapolis. 265 

failure of many efforts at legislation with a view to reforming the 
systems. But he discovered what those before him had failed to see, 
that with him lay the authority to remedy the evils, and that the 
means were already provided. By placing a large number of pro- 
fessors upon waiting orders — that is, by dispensing with their services 
— a large part of the annual outlay for instruction might be saved ; 
and by concentrating a few of the best men of the corps of instructors 
at a suitable place, a school might be formed with an independent 
organization."* 

On June 2d, 1845, a board of naval officers met at the Philadelphia 
Naval Asylum for the examination of midshipmen for promotion. 
The board consisted of Commodores George C. Read, Thomas Ap 
Catesby Jones, and Matthew C. Perry, and Captains E. A. F. Lavalette 
and Isaac Mayo. 

Amongst the instructions of the board was the following : 

"Navy Department. 
"Washington, June 13, 1845. 

"Sir : I desire the assistance of your board in maturing a more 
efficient system of instructions for the young naA'al officers. The op- 
portunity which your present arduous and responsible duties as ex- 
aminers of the school afford you of giving practical and useful advice 
leads rae to solicit your co-operation by as full a communication of 
your opinion as is consistent with your convenience. 

"Fort Severn has been recommended to me as a more suitable 
place for such a school than the Xaval Asylum, especially as a vessel 
could be stationed there to serve as a school in gunnery. 

"The present term of instruction is too short. Might it not be well 
to have permanent instruction, and to send all midshipmen on shore to 
the school ? What plan of studies is most advisable ? I hope your 
board will find time and will be disposed to aid me by their suggestions, 

"I wish, also, that they would nominate, for my consideration, a 
board of three experienced officers, whose qualifications incline them 
to give long-continued attention to this subject, and who could have 
the permanency necessary to assist me until a plan can be matured. 
If, from your own number, you would select such a board, or would 
take a wider scope in your selection, it would be acceptable to me." 

"I am, respecfully, yours, 

GEORGE BANCROFT, 

Commodore George C. Read, 

President Board of Examiners, &c., Philadelphia, Pa." 

After a thorough examination of. and deliberation over, the subject, 
the Board made a lengthy report, in which there occurs the following : 

"Three of the undersigned are ignorant of the precise situation of 
Fort Severn, and its fitness for a naval school in regard to its accomo- 
dation, in healthiness of location, and conveniences of the vicinity for 
gun -practice, but they are told by their associates, Commodore Jone& 
and Captain Mayo, that the fort embraces sufficient space and the har- 
bor and neighboring shores offer all the requisite advantages for gun- 
practice and evolution of steamers and boats. Supposing, then, that 
Fort Severn is selected, and there is ample accommodation within its 
walls for the officers and students of the establishment, it may be re- 

* Hi~t-'ry of the ^^1V3l Aoarletiiy. .Soley. p. 42. 



'^m " T H E A N C 1 E X T C 1 T Y . " 

marked tlmt the Government already possesses all the necessary means 
for commencing at once a naval school, which may be enlarged and 
perfected at some future time." 

Shortly after this Secretary Bancroft, Governor Marcy, then Secre- 
tary of War, and Commodore Warrington, chief of the Bureau of Xa%'y 
Yards and docks, visited Annapolis, the object of their visit being 
understood to be to examine the condition of Fort Severn and the im- 
provements commenced the previous fall. The rumor was also ailoat 
that it was the intejition of the government to remove the Xaval 
School from Philadelphia to Fort Severn, which be one of the reasons 
of this visit. t 

Some after this visit, the Secretary ordered a board, composed of 
Commanders McKean, Buchanan, and Du Pont, to consider the sub- 
ject, and to recommend a location and officers. The board decided 
upon Ai napolis as the site, and Ward. Chauveult, and Lockwood as 
professors. Commander Franklin Buchanan, a Baltimorean, had 
already been selected as superintendent. 

Fort Severn was an army post, the site of which had been purchased 
in 1808, at a period when Annapolis was deemed a place of military 
im[)ortance. The ground consisted of ten acres, almost square, in- 
closed on the west i.nu\ and uoi-thern side by brick wall, and on the 
southern and eastern sides ny the Severn. At the angle of the water 
front stood the l)attery. a small circular rami)art, monntin^ e/i b(i7'heffe 
ten heavy guns, with a magazine in the water. In the grounds was a 
Wind -mill built here in I7()0, and on the shore of the fort the Peggy 
Stewart was run agi'ound and burned by its owner, to satisfy the de- 
mands of the patriots of 1774. 

The buildings consisted of officers' quarters and barracks. Buch- 
anan row, (the new building for the Superinrcndent excepted,) the 
house opposite the southern end of the row, and the dwelling occupied 
by Secretary Richard M. Chase, are all that remain of tiiose that ex- 
isted when the Fort was transferred Aug 15, 1845, to the Xavy De- 
partment. 

October 10th, the school was opened. 

The State of Maryland acted promptly in the cession of every right 
and privilege re(|uired by the government. 

The young stripling bei;an to grow apace. In 1847, the first addi- 
tion was made to the grounds. It comprised three lots — one from F. 
Buchanan and others, the second from Rebecca Nicholson, with a col- 
lateral deed from Edward Lloyd and R. Nicholson to secure the title 
of Miss Nicholson's lot. The third from A. Randall, trustee for W. 
O'Hara and others. 

This included land adjacent to the school and lying between Scott 
street and the Severn, and reached to Northeast street, now Maryland 
Avenue. This was under Commander Upshur. 

The second addition, connuenced in 185:3, under commander Strip- 
ling was completed after the arrival of Com. Goldsborough. One part 
consisted of land lying between Scott street, Governor street, Hanover 
street, and Northeast street now occupied by the Academy Chapel, 
and by the row of officers' quarters numbered from one to eleven, and 
includes the lawns in front as far as the line of Scott street ; and the 
other part of land lying along the Severn River on the opposite side 

t Annapolis puper. 



History OF Annapolis. 267 

of Northeast street and between it and Tabernacle street, the fourth 
gide being the line of Hanover street extended. The buildings on it 
are known as Goldsborough row. 

The Third addition was Scott street and Northeast street between 
Hanover and the river. This was in 1853. _ 

The fourth addition was made in 1866, Admiral Porter, superinten- 
dent. The executive mansion of the state, the residence of the governors 
since the time of Robert Eden, with the garden adjoining, a place where 
Wa'^hington had been guest, was bought by the United States, and a 
-square's length of Governor's street was taken in with it. This com- 
prised four acres. The Governor's house is now used as the Academy 
library, and Porter row has been built on part of the fourth acquisi- 
tion. , o i. t 

The fifth addition was made in 1867, by the purchase ot ten acres ot 
land from St. John's College between the College and Graveyard 
Creek. This tract has never been joined to the Academy, there being 
land intermediate between it and the Academy. Another tract ot 
land. Strawberry Hill farm, on which the Alms House of Anne Arun- 
del county once stood, was l^ought in 1868. This is not a part proper 
of the Academy. It adjoins tlie grounds of the Is aval Hospital, 
(thirty-two acres in extent,) one part being reserved as a naval 
necropolis. „ 

The sixth addition was accomplished in 1874, being four acres from 
that part of Lockwoodsville lying on the Severn, between, then laber- 
nacle, now College Avenue, Hanovor and Wagner Streets. 

The following is the summary of land in use by, and under the con- 
trol of, the Xaval Academy authorities : 

Acres. 

Grounds about Fort Severn -^ 

Purchases of 1847 and 1853, including streets ^^ 

Purchase 1868. (Governor's Mansion) 4 

Purchase of 1874, Lockwoodsville. 4 

Within the Academy a"^^ - 



Hospital Grounds 
Strawberry Hill . . . 
College Lot 



32 

.67 
10 



Outside of Academy r "oir'^i' I' V {^^^-^^ 

During 1883, one of the ancient landmarks ot the State lell. it was 
the one occupied to that period from 1845, as the residence of the 
Superintendent of the Naval Academy. ..i ^ . ^. i 

It was built bv John Huff, an architect who settled in the colony m 
1728 This house was built, at least, in 1751, and probably much 
earlier. It was the residence of that talented family, the Dulanys, 
and was occupied by it from 1753 to 1808, and on the cession of the 
ground to the government as the site of Fort Severn, became the resi- 
dence of the commander of the fort and so remained to 184o. In 1883, 
by a commission of officers, Captain Francis M. Ramsay being Super- 
intendent, the house was condemned as unsafe, and was torn down, 
and the Superintendent, by funds reserved from the supplies voted the 
Academy, proceeded to build a residence for the Superintendent. Con- 
gress that had refused specific monies for this building, resented the 



268 *'The Ancient City. '' 

action of the Superintendent, and, by proviso inserted, declared na 
monev should be used to complete the offensive structure. There it 
remained until the end of the term of the offending Superintendent, a 
monument of autocratic independence and congressional indignation. 
The location of the Naval Academy at Annapolis has been of large 
advantage to the business of the place. The social benefits have been 
well appreciated by its people, and the constant succession of interest- 
ing events occuring at the Academy, has added to the enjoyment and 
culture of an already polished community. 



CHAPTER LIV. 
A Riot in Annapolis. 

]1847.] On the 5th of July, 1847, the steamboat ''Jewess," was 
chartered by Mr. C. C. Philips, of Baltimore, to make an excursion to 
St. Michaels, in Talbot county, with the express understanding that 
the steamer would accommodate at least seven hundred passengers 
comfortably. About that number took passage on the steamer in- 
cluding whom were the Eagle Artillerists, Col. Geo. P. Kane, com- 
manding, and the Columbian Riflemen, Capt. Rol)ert McAllister, com- 
manding. The military companies were on their way to join with the 
military of Talbot county in celebrating tiie National holiday, and the 
latter had made appropriate preparations to receive the expected visi- 
tors. 

Before reaching the county wharf at Fell's Point, it was discovered 
that the boat could not accommodate those that were already on 
board, and on ai-riving at the county wharf there were the military 
and several hundred who desired to take passage on the boat. The 
military alone were allowed to embark. 

With this large crowd on board, coni})osed, no doubt, of the motley 
company that generally gathers on general holidays on cheap excur- 
sions, the '"Jewess" started for St. Michaels, and steamed slowly down 
the bay. After being out four hours, the captain found it impossible 
with the large number of passengers he had on board, and the cranky 
condition of the steamer, to cross the bay. The cliarter party to the 
contrary notwithstanding. Captain Sutton determined that the lives 
of seven hundred passengers were in his keeping, and he Avas respon- 
sible if any accident occured. He. therefore, decided that he would 
put into Annapolis, and if one hundred and fifty passengers would 
land, he would then proceed to St. Michaels with the balance. 

After a passage of five hours, the "Jewess" reached Annapolis. 
Not a man would go ashore with tlie understanding that "he had the 
privilege of finding his way back to Baltimore the best way he could." 
On this Capt. Sutton decided to proceed no further, tied his boat to 
the wharf, and let off steam. 



History OF Annapolis. 2G0 

'^ After the boat had been made fast," says an eye witness,* who 
spoke from a Baltimore standpoint, "and the passengers found they 
could go no further, they generally went on shore for the purpose of 
amusing themselves as might best suit their fancy, and were received 
with every mark of respect by some of the citizens. Those who vis- 
ited the Naval School were kindly received by the officers, as were 
also those who went up to the State House, but with some of the commu- 
nity there appeared to be something wrong, as if some past offence 
had not beeen forgotten or some new aggression had been committed. _ 
In contradiction of any bad spirit being shown by the citizens, it is 
asserted by a citizen living at this day that a part of the excursionists 
behaved very disorderly. If there was ill-feeling rankling, or bad 
temper provoked, by fresh aifronts, it found some vent when on Church 
street, a Baltimore youth broke a window, and whilst William F. 
Smith, of Baltimore, was paying for it, one of the crowd was arrested 
by an Annapolis constable. Mr. Smith persuaded the balance of the 
Baltimore boys to return to the "Jewess ;" and the culprit was res- 
cued by his friends. . . ^.^ i 

At the City Hotel Col. John Walton, proprietor, testified, sev- 
eral ot the party from the steamer entered the kitchen, took posses- 
sion of it, and insisted upon helping themselves to dinner. They be- 
haved in the same riotous manner at the bar, and he had to threaten 
to commit them to jail before they would leave. In other parts of 
the town, pistols were fired, and curses rent the air. At the Wes- 
tern Hotel kept by Mr. E. A. Davis, some of the party amused them- 
selves pitching the b-ead out of the windows. 

A significant fact bearing on the character of the people who_ com- 
posed the crowd on board the ' 'Jewess' ' was brought out in the testimony 
of Col. Geo. P. Kane, in the examination that followed the affray : 
"He had left the boat at Annapolis, and had procured a citizen's dress 
from a friend, which he had exchanged for his uniform, and had de- 
termined to come up in the cars in the morning; the conduct of a 
portion of those who were on board the boat having been so disorderly 
and riotous as to deter him from returning with them." 

Whilst Col. Kane was at dinner in Annapolis, he heard the report 
of fire-arms. He started for the "Jewess." Before he reached there 
another prominent character who was to figure in the subsequent pro- 
ceedings. Judge Nicholas Brewer, who had heard that a friend s son 
had become involved in a difficulty, and had come down to persuade 
him out of it, had arrived at the wharf. 

At the examination before Justice Walton Gray, in Baltimore, July 
9th, Judge Brewer testified that he "saw by the soiled state of the 
clothes of the young man and injury he had received on his nose^, that 
he had been engaged in a fight. He remonstrated witM him, and per- 
suaded him to leave the wharf. Seeing that there was considerable 
excitement among those on the wharf, and every probabihty of a not 
ensuing, he decided to remain there and endeavor to prevent it. 

"Nothing of any moment occurred from this time for nearly an 
hour while preparations were making for the departure of the boat, 
and nearly all belonging to her had got on board." 

The testimony of Mr. Daniel T. Hyde, a prominent citizen ot An- 
napolis, then takes up the thread of the story : "He was sitting in his 
porch, (his house being about a hundred yards from where the boat 

* Balto. American of July 7, 1847. 



270 ^ ' T H E A X c I E N T City." 

lay.) when he saw Judge Brewer go down to the wharf. The crowd 
on the boat began to hiss and hoot at him and some one of them called 
out "bring that big-bellyed man, witli a straw hat on board." Think- 
ing that violence might be offered to the Judge, and that it was his 
duty to endeavor to prevent it, lie immediately went down towards 
the wharf. There was. however, wlien Mr. Hyde reached the steamer, 
no attempt to offer violence to Judge Brewer." 

Mr. Hyde used his good offices to promote peace and to suppress the dis- 
tur})anceand was in imminent danger from the ill-feelings of the citizens 
on the wharf and the visitors on the steamer. The l)illingsgateand pro- 
fanity between the two crowds at this moment was terrible. The noise 
and confusion were so great that it was almost impossible to distin- 
guish what was said. In preparation for tlie coming fray several 
boys from the boat ran on shoi'e, and picked up stones and retreated 
to the steamer. An old man, whom Judge Brewer thought was William 
F. Smith, in company with a young man, advanced on the gangway 
leading to the wharf and seemed ready to fight. Judge Brewer per- 
suaded them to return to the boat. The lines were now catt off. Mr. 
Hyde advised Mr. Waters, the Mate of the l)oat and asked him to say 
the same thing to Capt. Sutton to move off. Mr. Hyde assisted in 
casting the liiies of the steamer loose from the shore. 

"At this time two halves of a lemon were thrown from the boat 
among the crowd on shore." This was the signal of battle. The 
crowd on the wharf gave way. a dark object was seen to fly from the 
boat to the shore, and the Annapolitans returned the attack with a 
volley of bricks. The Baltimoreans replied with stones and pistols. 

The bricks that had come from the shore had fallen amongtt the 
ladies and children, and a cry was made for the rifles of Capt. McAl- 
lister's company. The captain tried to prevent the !nen from getting the 
rifles out of the room in which tlieyhad Ijeen stowed. He sent James 
L. Wallace to take charge of this. Mr. Wallace, when he arrived at 
the temporary armory, found it filled with passengers taking away 
the rifles. Some of the company attempted to assist Mr. Wallace 
but they were "thrown aside like an old check shirt," and those in 
the room helped themselves to the rifles and cartridges and went on 
deck and used them on the citizens of Annapolis. 

The ladies on the boat were now in a state of great alarm, some at- 
tempted to throw themselves overboard, whilst the work of getting 
them below proceeded with a haste born of urgent necessity. 
Judge Brewer and Mr. Daniel T. Hyde who were in the dangerous posi- 
tion of being between two fires bravely endeavored to stop the An- 
napolitans from continuing the affray. Mr. Hyde, finding two col- 
ored boys throwing stones at the boat, kicked them away, and turned 
to the boat to hurry it out of danger. Fearing the boat would ground 
on an old stone wall m the water near the wharf, and thus make a 
continuance of the riot more certain, he went to the end of his own 
wharf, and called to Captain McAllister if he would send the stern line 
ashore, the steamer would be alJe to \)u\\ out. That is. it would make 
the steamer turn around from the wharf so as to head to the river — 
the dock here being extremely narrow and the work of steering a 
steamer exceeding difficult. In reply, Capt. ^McAllister shook his sword 
and said — "He was resiionsil^le for all he said and did." In vain Mr. 
Hyde tried, again and again, to make the captain accept his friendly 
offers. He was either not understood or his motives were suspected. 



History OF Annapolis. 271 

Judge Brewer, at the same time, was driving some away and entreat- 
ing others not to interfere. Seeing a y<«ung man on shore with a pis- 
tol, preparing to discharge it in the direction of the boat, the Judge 
endeavored to prevent him, but was unable. Again seeing the young 
man i)reparing to fire, he seized him and called for lielp. Mr. John 
W. Brady came and took the young man. Meantime the firing from 
the boat continued, and glasses, bottles, and stones were hurled at the 
crowd on the wharf. Mr. Brady was shot whilst taking an assaii- 
iant of his assailants from the fray. Judge Brewer was assisted 
alone by constable John Lamb, and whilst thus endeavoring to preserve 
the peace heard some person on the boat exclaim, with an oath, ''Shoot 
that officer, I mistrust him." Three rifles were instantly levelled at the 
Judge. He jumped behind a wood-pile, whilst a friendly hand on the 
boat knocked up two of the rifles ; but the third, the Judge thought, 
was discharged at him. In all besides the bricks and other missiles 
exchanged between the combatants there were, it was estimated, 
twenty rifle shots from the boat and two pistol shots and two guns 
fired from the shore, but these not until after the volley from the rifles 
on the steamer.* 

The visitors were better prepared for the attack than the citizens 
and their aim wps good, for five citizens fell wounded, fortunately none 
of them fatally : 

T. C. Loockerman, shot in the leg, slightly wounded ; 

Basil McNew, shot in the side, badly wounded ; 

John W. Brady, shot through both legs, seriously hurt ; 

Watkins Hall, two toes shot oft" ; 

Edward BarroU, wounded very dangerously in the thigh. 

When Hall and Loockerman. who were actively engaged in throwing 
stones at the boat fell, "the people on board the boat hurrahed enough 
for an election day. " t 

Rifles are far more effective weapons than pistols and bricks and none 
of the excursionists, it appears, were hurt. 

The report of the riot had spread through Annapolis, and, with 
powder contributed by the merchant and cannon seized from the 
State, citizens hurried to the wharf to avenge the assault on their fel- 
low-townsmen, the fray the meanwhile being unabated, and to add to 
the calamities of the day, the steamer becatne wedged in between the 
two sides of the narrow wharf, and to escape the volleys of stones and 
bullets from the wharf most of the passengers ran to the opposite side. 
The steamer careened and for a moment was in danger of capsizing. 

On the opposite side of the wharf was a vacant mill. The "Jewess" 
as she came to that side of the dock to turn s-as within a few yards 
of this untenanted house. In it a young citizent had now secreted him- 
self and was about to pour a deadly fire from his gun into the passen- 
gers, when happily his prudent father came in and drove him away, 
and saved one or more of the excursionists from almost certain death. 
The State's cannon was then brought into position by the now 
thoroughly aroused Annapolitans. Col. Geo. P. Kane imme(iiately 
made his way to it, and remonstrated against firing it. Finding his 
appeals of no avail, he threw one arm over the breech of the piece, 

* Te.stim<niy of Daniel T. Hyde, in tLie li.illo. American of July 13, 1847. 

t Testimony nl Daniel T. Hyde. 

t D;nilel Hoilidjiyoke : 



273 " T H E A N C I E xV T C I T V . * ' 

and placed the other hand over the muzzle and declared that 'the c:un 
ohould not be fired withont blowine: him to pieces. Col. Kane was 
warned hj those staiwlini? around that the cannon was double shotted 
and loaded, (which, however, was not the case.) The parties in 
charije of the e:un then attempted to pull him away by force, and the 
stru2:.2:le continued until some one whispered in his ear that the gun 
had been spiked. 

This was the voice ot Judge Brewer who had repaired to the cannon 
and spiked it with his tooth-pick. Two attetnpts were afterwards 
made to load it. but Judge Brewer succeeded in stopjting both efforts. 

In the attempt to prevent the cannon from being loaded l\ichard 
Cowman used his fist with sucli good etfect on William Shuman. a 
shoemaker, who was endeavoring to charge the gun, as ro make him 
bit* the dust. 

Mr. Hyde, in his testimony, considered the loading of tiie cannon 
"a mere farce, and he stood by and laughed at it. It was a complete 
scene of confusion, some wanting to do one thing and others another 
and, in the meanwhile, the boat was fast getting out of their reach, 
even if they had beeli loaded." 

Judge Brewer did not escape calumny that day as one witness de- 
clared he saw the Judge looking at two negroes throwing stones at 
the boat and did not atte.npt to stoj) them. This the Judge contradicted 
in his own testimony and Mr. Hyde quaintly corroborated it with say- 
ing that the Judge "'did all that any man coidd do, and more than he 
thought a man could have done to suppress the riot and restore peace. 
He saw him at different parts of the whai'f. driving some away and en- 
treating others not to interfere. He had no one besides the witness 
to help him but a constable, who received a severe blow in the face by 
a brick during the early part of the affray. 

''The story of the Judge standing by and seeing two negroes throw- 
ing at the boat without an effort to prevent them, the witness regarded 
as entirely untrue. There were no negroes in Annapolis who would 
dare to break the law in any way if they thought Judge Brewer was 
looking at them. If the duties performed that day by Judge Brewer 
pertained to his office as Judge, the witness thought he would not like 
to have it for twice its salary. He thought he was that day, whilst 
endeavoring to preserve the peace, in imminent danger of ai>- life." 

The judicial investigation fastened the guilt on no one, and no 
punishment was meted out to the rioters. 



CHAPTER LV. 
Chronicles of Annapolis fuom 184") to 1<S47. 

[1845.] On Saturday, November oOth,lvev. Thos. Robinson, a local 
minister of the Methodist Episcopal Church, residing near tlie head ot 
Severn River, whilst duck-shooting was thrown into the water by the 
upsetting of his boat. He swam ashore, and, in intense cold, dragged 



History of A :<? n a p o l i s . 373 

himself to a house close by, where he died from exhaustion, 

[1846.] On Thursday, February 19th, about 7 p. m., flames were 
discovered issuing from the ventilator of the cellar of the State 
House, under the House of Delegates. On getting the cellar-door open 
the smoke, from immense quantities of coal and charcoal in the apart- 
ment, was so dense and stifling, there was great danger of suffo- 
cating any who entered. Xotwithstanding, some brave men ventured 
in, and the fire, which hud made considerable progress, was discovered 
and reached with great difficulty and extinguished. 

At the City Election in April, 1846, the following was the vote: 
For Mayor. 

Richard Swann, Whig, 150 ; D. S. Caldwell, Dem,, 120. 
For Recorder. 

William Tell Claude, w,, 154 ; Jonathan Pinkney, d., 117. 
For Aldermen. 

Dr. Abram Claude, w,, 158 ; Dr. Wm. Brewer, Sr., w., 146 ; Edward 
A. Davis, w., 144; Captain John Philips, w., 141; James B. Steele, 
w., 137; Daniel Caulk, d,, 131 ; Wm, Bryan, d,, 126 ; John M, Davis, 
d., 122 ; James H, Iglehart. d., 120 : James Sands, d., 120. 

Richard H, Hanlon, a native of Annapolis, a volunteer against 
Mexico, died September 6th, at Camargo, Mexico. 

The Democratic Star ceased publication in October 21st, 1846, "after 
a life," said the proprietors, Messrs. Daily and Taylor, "of four years 
hardship and incessant toil." 

Theoderic Bland, Chancellor, of ^Maryland, died in Annapolis No- 
vember 16. He was born in Dinwiddle county, Virginia, December 
6, 1776. 

On Wednesday, December 14, a gale blew at Annapolis. Nine ves- 
sels were driven ashore between Chink and Tolley's Points. Between 
Hackett's and Greenbury's Points a sloop was sunk. A few days after 
the gale five bodies, two of whites and three of blacks, were found at 
Tolley's Point. 

December 21, John Johnson, of Annapolis, was appointed Chancel- 
lor of Maryland by Gov, Pratt. 

[1847.] There was no opposition this year to the Whigs in the city 
election. The vote was : 

For Mayor : 

Richard Swann, 126 ; 

For Recorder : 

William Tell Claude, 139. 

For Aldermen: 

Elihu S, Riley, 141 ; John Philips, 132 ; Ed. Hopkins, 131 ; James 
Steele, 127 ; P. C. Clayton, 107. Mr. William Davis, independent, for 
alderman, received 74 votes. 

One of the ancient landmarks of Annapolis a colonial dwelling, oc- 
cupied by Miss Hester Chase and situated on King George st., was de- 
stroyed by fire, April 12. 

May 8th, George Johnston, Esq,, proprietor of the Democratic 
Herald, of Annapolis, aged 40 years, died of a pulmonary complaint. 
On account of his death the publication of the Herald ceased. 
18 



274 * ' T H E A N c I E X T C I T y . ' * 

Major Luther Giddings, a graduate of St. John's, class of 1841, 
was presented with a S500 sword on April 2, by the rank and file of 
his regiment, the 1st Ohio, as an appreciation of his conduct in acting 
colonel of the regiment. 



CHAPTER LYL 
A K ETHOS p EOT OF Twi) Centuuies. 

[1819.] Two Imudred years after its settlement found Anita polis 
with thirty-five hundred iidiabitants, the seat of a Xaval University, 
the home of a College of large usefulness, and still "the ancient capi- 
tal" of the State. The day of its commercial glory had departed, but 
the remnant of its traditional intelligence remained. Its bar con- 
tained the names of Tuck, Randall, and Alexa.'ider, worthy survivors 
of men who had made its name illustrious, and though the ball and 
banquet of former generations had passed away, the opening social 
glories of the Naval Academy forshadowed the harvest of pleasures 
that have proved unbounded sources of enjoyment to the young who 
participate in, and the elders who periodically witness, these brilliant 
assemV)laues in the Armory and Gymnasium. 

The Puritan who settled the capital, might chance invoke the wrath 
of heaven on the Proi^idence he had established where the curling 
smoke of the wigwam had once ascended. 

The card-table, the ball-room, the pot-house, the lottery shop, and 
the gambling-hell were indices of the frivolities and evils that afflicted 
the capital, although the theatre and the race-course had ceased to 
•find remuneration out of the depleted coffers of a city whose chief 
sources of revenue were the scant trade of the sparsely settled coun- 
try that surrounded it, and the modest compensiition awarded to the 
servants of the State and Nation. 

The canoe of the Indian had disappeared before the pinnace of the 
Puritan; the pinnace had given place to the schooiu;r; the schooner, in its 
turn, had been pushed aside by the steamer ; the trail of the Indian had 
been lost in the roadway of the coach, and the locomotive had made the 
lumbering stage the attenuated monument of an out-ridden generation. 

But the glory of her fair ones yet remained, and the ancient city 
still maintained its wide renown for the beauty and grace of its 
women. 

In Church, the Puritan had long since disai)peared. In his place 
the Churchman, the Methodist, and the Presbyterian boldly proclaimed 
the truth, whilst the handful of Catholics feebly held their own in the 
little chapel that Carroll of Carrolton's beneficence had built. 

Politics, that a hundred years before displayed itself alone in manly 
opposition to encroachments of the provincial governors, had now be- 
come a heroic game, and, through various stages, had been formulated 
into Whiggery and Democracy, and stood face to face against each 
other on the momentous issues of tariff and slarery. 



Hist o r v o f Annapolis. 275 

The Chcsjiffeake and its freely o-iveii wealth of oysters lay almost 
^unruffled by the tongs of the industrious oysterman. and the quiet of 
■the streets of "the Ancient City," and the paucity of its business and 
commerce were sadly eml)lematic of a place wiiose chief adornment was 
lihe general virtue of its inhabitants, untarnished by the chicanery of 
trade ami unblessed by the fruits of industry. 



CHAPTER LVII. 

A CIalaxy of Illustrious Anxapolitaxs. 

CHARLES CARROLL, of Carroltox, 
Was boru at Annapolis, Maryland, September 30th, 1737. In 174o, 
te was taken to the College of English Jesuits at St. Omer, France, 
where he remained six years, and then was sent to the Jesuit College, 
at Rheims. After one years' study of civil law at Bourges. he went ti- 
Paris, studied two more years, and began the law in the Temple. At 
■27 years of age. he returned to America, and, at the breaking out of 
■the Revolutionary War, was considered the richest man in America, 
being wortli $2,000,000. Although, by the illiberal laws of that period. 
he was rolAied of the privilege of the elective franchise, because he was 
a Catholic, he ardently espoused the American cause, and began his 
opposition to the arbitrary measures of tne British Government, by 
publishing in the Maryland Gazette, a series of articles under the sig- 
nature of "The First Citizen," against the right of the Governor of 
Maryland, to regulate fees by proclamation. 

In 1775, lie was made a member of the first committee of observa- 
tion established at Annapolis, and during the same year he was elected 
a delega^^e to the Provincial Convention. In February, 1776, he was 
sent to Ciinada, by Congress, to induce the people of that province to 
unite witli the States. He returned to Philadelphia, in June, and 
iound tlie Declaration of Independence under discussion. The dele- 
gates from Maryland were hampered by instructions "to disavow in 
the most solemn manner all design in the colonies of Independence." 
He repaired to Annapolis immediately, and, with the assistance of 
Judge Samuel Chase, on the 28th of June, succeeded in having these 
instructions withdrawn and the delegates left free to join in the De- 
claration of Independence. 

On August 2nd, the Declaration was formally signed. As Mr. Car- 
roll wrote his name, a member observed, "Here go a few millions," 
and added, "however, there are several Charles Carrolls, the British 
will not know which one it is." Carroll immediately added, 
*'of Carrolton," and was ever afterward known by that cognomen. 
He was placed by Congress in the Board of War. In 1776, he 
helped to draft the Constitution for Maryland, and was the 
same year a member of the State Senate. In 1777, he was again 
a, delegat-e to Congress. In 1781, and 1786, he was a Senator 



276 * ' T n E A N c 1 E X T City.'' 

of Maryland, and in 1788, was chosen a United States Senator, to 
which office he was again elected in 1797. In 1799, he was one of 
the Commissioners to" adjust the boundary line between ^Maryland 
and Virginia. On July 4th, 1828, then, in his 90th year. Mr. 
Carroll, in the presence of an immense concourse of people, and at- 
tended by imposing civic ceremonies, laid the corner-stone of that im- 
portant Maryland" enterprise— the Baltimore and Ohio Kailroad. 
Towards the last of his life, Mr. Carroll removed to Baltimore— I have 
it by tradition — because the city fathers here offended him by making 
the taxes too high. November 14th. 1832, Mr. Carroll died, the last 
of the signers of the Declaration of Independence. 

WILLIAM PINKXEY 
Was born at Annapolis, Maryland, March 17th, 17G4. Ilis family was 
a branch of the South Carolina Pinkneys. who early settled at An- 
napolis. He studied medicine, but left that for the law. and was ad- 
mitted to the bar in 178G. In 1788, he was a delegate to the Conven- 
tion which ratified the constitution of the United States, and he sub- 
sequently held various State offices, as meml)er of the House of Dele- 
gates, Senate, and the Council. In 1796, he was sent to London, as 
Commissioner, under the Jay treaty, remaining abroad until 1804. In 
1805, he became Attorney-General of Maryland. In 1806, he was 
sent as Minister extraordinary to England to treat, in conjunction 
with Monroe, with the British Government, and was resident Minister 
from 1807 to 1811, when he was appointed Attorney-General of the 
United States, which office he held two years. He commanded a vol- 
unteer corps in the war of 1812, and was severely wounded in the bat- 
tle of Bladensburg. In 1815, he was elected a member of Congress, 
and, in 1816, was appointed Minister to Russia, and. Special Minister 
to Naples. In 1818, he returned home, and, in 1819. was elected a 
United States Senator. He died February 22nd, 1822. 

REVERDY JOHNSON 
Was born at Annapolis, Maryland, May 21st, 1796. He was educated 
at St. John's College, and, at the age of 17, began the study of law in 
Prince George's county, in the office of his father, who was the Chief 
Justice of the Judicial District of which that county formed a part. In 
1815, he was admitted to the bar, and by way of encouragement to all 
who do not achieve success at once, be it written, he made a lamenta- 
ble failure in his first speech in Court. In 1817, he removed to Balti- 
more, and devoted much of his time to arguing cases Ixifore the Su- 
preme Court of the United States, where he won renown as a profound 
student of the legal profession, not only in America, but his fame 
reaching Europe, he was called to argue before the French 
tribunals. In conjunction with Mr. Thomas Harris, he reported the 
decisions of the Maryland Court of Appeals, known as '•Harris and 
Johnson's Rei)orts," (7 vols. 1820-27.) In 1821, he was elected a State 
Senator, and re-elected in 1825. In 1845, he was chosen United States 
Senator, which office he resigned in 1849, on being appointed by Presi- 
dent Taylor Attorney-General of the United States. In 1861, he was 
a member of the Peace Convoition in Washington, which tried to pre- 
vent the Civil War. In 1862, he was again elected to the United 



History OF Annapolis. 277 

States Senate, and was a member from 1863 to 1868. In June of the 
latter year, he was appointed Minister to England, where he negotiated 
a treaty for the settlement of the Alabama claims. This treaty was 
rejected by the Senate. He was recalled in 1869. 

During the entire Civil War, when many illegal acts were commit- 
ted under the plea of ''military necessity," lleverdy Johnson, whilst 
an ardent supporter of the Union, eloquently raised his voice against 
every usurpation by the military power. 

On the evening of February 10th, 1876, when in his 80th year, with 
a mind yet undinnned by mental incapacity, and a body that gave 
promise of many years of usefulness, he met with a fatal accident at 
Annai)olis. He was at a social gathering at the Executive Mansion, 
John Lee Carroll being then Governor and host. Mr. Johnson started 
to go out the main doorway. He was offered assistance bat refused it. 
Passing down the granite steps of the front porch, he turned to the 
left of tlie entrance and fell into a paved area, five feet below, where 
he was found shortly afterward in an unconscious state. He expired 
soon after being discovered. He died almost within a stone's throw of 
the house in which he was born, and well nigh under the shadow of 
his alma mater. 

JOHX D. GODMAX 
Was born at Annapolis, December 20th, 1794. He was apprenticed to 
a printer in Baltimore, but, at the age of twenty, enlisted in the Navy 
and was present at the defence of Fort Mcllenry. After the war he 
studitil medicine, and practiced until 1821, when he became professor 
in the Medical College of Ohio at Cincinnati, and commenced there the 
"Western (Quarterly Reporter." In 1822. he removed to Philadelphia, 
and devoted himself to the science of Anatomy, of which he became, 
in 1826, professor in Rutger"s Medical School, New York. He pre- 
pared the Zoological articles for the "Encyclopedia Americana" up to 
the end of the letter C. His principal work was "American Natural 
History." He died at Germantown, Pa., April 17, 1830. 

STEWART HOLLAND. 
By one act this man made his name immortal. He was born at An- 
napolis. September 24th, 1854, found him a member of the engineering 
department of the Steamer Arctic, tliat, with hundreds of passengers, 
was sinking in mid ocean, from the effects of a collision. "About two 
hours aftei" the Arctic was struck, the firing of the gun," said the 
third mate of the Arctic, "attracted my attention, audi recollect when 
I saw Stewart, it struck me as remarkably strange that he alone, of 
all belonging to the engineering body, should be here. He must have 
had a good chance to go in the chief engineer's boat and be saved ; but 
he did not, it seems, make the slightest exertion to save himself whilst 
there was duty to be done on shipboard. I recollect that about an 
hour before the ship sunk, I was hurriedly searching for spikes to 
make a raft with. I had just passed through the saloon. On the sofa 
were men who had fainted, and there were many of them too ; the 
ladies were in little groups, clasped together, strangely quiet, and re- 
signed. As I came out again, the scene that presented itself was one 
that I hope never to see again. Here and there wei'e strong, stout men 



278 ' ' T n E A N C I E N T C I T Y. ' ' 

on their knees in the attitude of prayer, and others, who wlion spoken 
to. were immovable and stupefied. In tlie midst of this scene, Stewart 
came running up to me, crying "Donan, my powder is out : I want 
more. Give me the key." "Never mind the key," I replied, "take 
an axe, and break open the the door." He snatched one close beside 
me, and down into the ship's hold he dived, and I went over tlie ship's- 
side to my raft. I recollect distinctly his appearance as once more he 
hailed me from the deck, the right side of his face was black with 
powder, and when he spoke, his face seemed to me to be lighted up 
with a quaint smile." So the gallant youth continued to fire "the 
minute gun" that booming over the sea might catch the car of some 
passing vessel and bring relief to the perishing. As the ship, which 
carried three hundred people with it to watery graves, went down 
Stewart Ilolland was seen "in the very act of firing as the vessel dis- 
appeared below the waters." 

A lot was donated in Washington, where he lived at the time of the dis- 
aster, and money subscribed to build him a monument, ))ut the funds 
were eni].)ezzled by the trustee. 

CHARLES WILSON PEALE. 

The eminent American painter, was born in Annapolis,* Ajiril 16th, 
1741. Peale had a checkered career. He vras first a sadd](>i- and har- 
ness-maker, then watch and clock tinker, and, in their ordci-, silver- 
smith, painter, modeller, taxidermist, dentist, and lecturer. Tn 1770, 
he visited England, and, for several years, was a pupil of West. Re- 
turning home, he settled first in Annapolis and then in Philadelphia,- 
and acquired celebrity as a portrait painter. Among his works were 
several portraits of Washington, and a series forming the nucleus of a 
national portrait gallery. He commanded a company of volunteers 
in the battles of Trenton and Germantown, and also served in the 
Pennsylvania Legislature. About 1785, he commenced a collection 
of natural curiosities in Philadelphia, founding "Peale's Museum," 
in which he lectured on natural history. He aided in founding the 
Pennsylvania Academy of Fine Arts. 

LIEUTENANT JAIVIES BOOTH LOCKWOOD, U. S. A., 
Was born at Annapolis, Maryland, October 9th, 18o2. and died at 
Cape Sabine, Smith's Sound, April 9th, 1884. To Lieutenant Lock- 
wood belongs the distinction of having attained, during the Greeley 
Expedition, the point nearest to either pole, ever reachcfl l)y any 
human being. It was on Lockwood's Island in north latitude. 80^^ 
24^ ; longitude 44° 5^. 

DANIEL DULANY. 

A history of Annapolis would be incomplete without a biographical 
sketch of Daniel Dnlany. who, under the nom de lihinit^ of Antion, car- 
ried on tlie memorable newspaper controversy in 1772, with (JarroU, 
of Carrollton, the "First Citizen" of that literary prologue of the 
American Revolution. 

Danitd Dulany, son of Daniel Dulany, was born at Annapolis, July 
19, 1721, and was educated at Eton and at Clare Hall, (!ainl)ridge, 
England. 

* I-tidgely's Annals of At napolis. 



History op Anmapolis. 279 

He entered the Temple, and, returning to the colonies, was ad- 
mitted to the bar in 1747. Mr. McMahon, of this brilliant man, says : 
"For many years before the downfall of the proprietary Government, 
he stood confessedly without a rival in this colony, as a lawyer, a 
scholar, and an orator, and, we may safely regard the assertion that 
in the high and varied accomplishments which constitute these, 
he has had amongst the sons of Maryland but one equal and no 
superior. We admit that tradition is a magnifier, and that men even 
through its medium and the obscurity of half a century, like objects 
in a misty morning, loom largely in the distance, yet with regard to 
Mr. Dulany, there is no room for illusion. ' You lUdy tell Hercidus hy 
foot,' says the proverb ; and this truth is as just when applied to the 
proportions of the name, as to those of the body. The legal argu- 
ments and opinions of Mr. Dulany that yet remain to us, "bear the 
impress of abilities too commanding, and of learning too profound to 
admit of question, flad we but these fragments, like the remains 
of splendor which linger around some of the ruins of antiquity, they 
would be enough for admiration. Yet they fall very short of furnish- 
ing just conceptions of the character and accomplishments of his mind. 
We have higher attestations of these in the testimony of cotempora- 
ries. For many years before the Revolution, he was regarded as an 
oracle of the law. It was the constant practice of the courts of the 
province to submit to his opinion every question of difficulty which 
came before them, and so infallible were his opinions considered, that 
he who hoped to reverse them was regarded *as hoping against hope.' 
Nor was his professional reputation limited to the colony. I have 
been credibly informed that he was occasionally consulted from Eng- 
land upon questions of magnitude, and that, in the southern counties 
of Virginia, adjacent to Maryland, it was not unfrequent to withdraw 
questions from their courts and even from the Chancellor of England, 
to submit them to his award. Thus unrivalled in professionallearn- 
ing, according to the representations of his cotemporaries, he added 
to it all the power of the orator, the accomplishments of the scholar, 
the graces of the person, the suavity of the gentleman. Mr. Pinkn,ey 
himself, the wonder of his age, who saw but the setting splendor of 
Mr. Dulany's talents, is reputed to have said of him, that even 
amongst such men as Fox, Pitt, and Sheridan, he had not found his 
superior. 

"Whatever were the errors of his course during the Revolution, I 
have never heard them ascribed, either to opposition to the rights of 
America, or to a servile submission to the views of the ministry : and 
I have been credibly informed, that he adhered, thoroughout life, to 
the principles advanced by him in opposition to the Stamp Act. The 
conjecture may be hazarded that had he not been thrown into col- 
lision with the leaders of the Revolution in this State, by the proclama- 
tion controversy, *' and thus involved in discussion with them, which 
excited high resentment on both sides, and kept him at a distance 
from them until the Revolution began, he would, most probably, have 
been found by their side, in support of the measures which led to it." 

Mr. Dulany was Secretary of the Province when he conducted the 
famous controversy with Charles Carroll, of CarroUton. He was also a 
member of the Upper House under the proprietary Government f. 

* Over 'iov. I<Men"s proclatn itiori reiiu'atiag fees in t le Colony, 
t Chronicles of Baltimore, Scharf, p. 284. 



380 * ' T H E A N C 1 E N T C 1 T Y . " 

The political differences of the Revolution survived its conclusion. 
Mr. Dulany held no public office after it, and the brillirncy of his 
talents, displayed alone in the forum of provincial courts, did not 
shed its effulgence in national councils, and his fame, reflected from 
the humble pedestal of State history, has not depicted to the nation 
the phenomenal proportions of his intellect. Such was the iron-heel 
of public opinion upon the political fortunes, of a man ''whose opinions 
were thought to have moulded those of William Pitt, by whom they 
were puliliely noticed vvith great honor." These opinions, (which 
were published October 14, 1765, and which looked to "a legal 
orderly, and prudent resentment" to be expressed aginst the Stamp Act 
"in a zealous and vigorous industry,") widely prevailed in America. 
t This course was urged until that time might come "when redress 
may be obtained," -■■■*'. 

Mr. Dulany died in Baltimore, March 19, 1797, aged 7p years and 8 

lonths, and was buried in St. P " ' 
Fremont Streets, Baltimore ff. 

t I-3anoroti's ilisto.-v of tlie IT. S. vol. 5, p. 32!), 
** Uuhiny's Pa£nph'<-t, Scliarf. 
tt Sch.irr vol. 1, p, o49. 



CHAPTER LYIII. 
Chronicles of Annapolis fPwOM 1<S60 to 1861. 

[I860.] On the 12th of September the Governor's Guards paraded 
for the first time, and were inspected by Adjutant-General Nicholas 
Brewer, of .John. The company appeared to be well drilled. This 
company was disbanded during the Civil War, but, after it. was 
recuscitated. Its present commissioned officers. (1887,) are Louis 
Green, Captain ; John H. Wells, First-Lieutenant ; James C. Porter, 
Second Lieutenant. 

In September, 1861, the oyster catchers of Annapolis, then represented 
to be some fifty or sixty in number, formed themselves into an associa- 
tion to further the execution of the laws against oyster pirates. The 
sheriff of the county, Thomas Ireland, requested them to notify him of 
any infraction of law, and promised "to use all his power to arrest 
and punish the pirates." 

By the census of 1860. the population of Annapolis was 4,658. Of 
these 1,643 were white males, and 1,484 white females; 551 free col- 
ored males ; 505 free colored females : 220 male slaves ; and 255 fe- 
male slaves. 

By the census of 1850, Annapolis contained. 3,011 inhabitants. 
Increase to 1860, 1,647, Of the inluibitants in 1850, 918 were white 
males ; 913 white females : 236 free colored males: 297 free colored 
females ; 249 male slaves : 403 female slaves. The large increase in 
the ])Opul:ition from 1850 to i860 is due to the enumeration of the 800 
inhabitants of tlie Xaval Academy in the census of Annapolis. 



History o F Annapolis. 281 

On the 5th of October, 1860, John Brice died. He was the grand- 
son of Thomas Jennings, Attorney-General of the then Province of 
Maryland. The deceased was a defender of Baltimore m 1814. 

On the 14th of October, John Stalker, aged 80 years, one of the de- 
fenders of Baltimore, died at Annapolis. . 
The Annapolis Gazette of Thursday, December 6, 1860, said : 
"Who will Believe It ?"— "Nobody. And yet it is a fixed fact 
that we are to have a telegraph from Annapolis to the Junction. We 
actually saw the first coil of wire laid on last Saturday. We looked 
on in a sort of dreaming, wondering, doubting uncertainty ; but had 
finally, to yield to the patent, tangible reality. We saw tlie poles, 
and the wire, and we saw the workmen putting them m their proper 
places, therefore, we were compelled to believe. The work is under 
the man?igement ol Mr. Joshua Brown, and will be pushed to com- 
pletion wleh the utmost despatch." 

Lieut. Horace Gambrill. of Annapolis, was on the Revenue Cutter 
"Aiken" that was surrendered by her captain to the South Carolina 
authorities in December, 1860. 

On Christmas Eve a patrol guarded the South River section by 
reason of the groundless rumor of an intended insurrection of slaves. 
[1861.] The Gazette of February 28, announced the completion ot 
the Anna!polis, Baltimore, and Washington telegraph line. 



CHAPTER LIX. 

Opening of the Civil War— Annapois Seizei> by 

THE Federal Government, 

[1860.] The exciting contest of 1860 had just closed in the election 
of Lincoln. The political movements in the extreme Southern States 
vibrated in Maryland— a commonwealth identified with these States 
by its institutions, its traditions, and its interests. ,- • ^i 

The tone of the people of Anne Arundel and Annapolis, in the 
momentous political contest that preceded the civil war, is found in 
the vote in the Presidential election. -01-,^. -n -i ^ 

After an exciting campaign. Anne Arundel gave Bell for President, 
24 maiority over Breckinridge. The vote was Bell, 1041 ; Breckm- 
rido-e 1017: Douglas. 98; Lincoln, 3. Lincoln received his three 
vot°es: in Annapofis, one ; Firs^ District, one; Second Distnct, one. 
In Annapolis the vote was Bell, 261 ; Breckmridge, 227 ; Douglas 
36 • Lincoln, 1. Mr. William Taylor, the present head carpenter ot 
the Naval Academy, has been generally credited with the courage 
that made him give the lone vote for Lincoln at a time when public 
sentiment in Annapolis did not take kindly to Republicanism. _ _ 

The State authorities as well as the people generally felt a crisis 

was at hand. ,.„ , • . 0.1, on^i. ^* 

In his proclamation for a day of Thanksgiving on the 29th o. 

November, 1860, Gov. Hicks among other things asked the people to 



282 * ♦ T H E A N C I E N T C I T Y . " 

pray "that dissension and strife may depart from among us ; that 
concord and love of country may prevail : that those in authority 
may have his guidance ; so disposing the hearts of the people and 
ordering the State, that the happiness and peace, the power and abun- 
dance, with all the unnumbered blessings, which this Union, which the 
God of our fathers gave to them, and to us, may suffer no diminution, 
through our follies, or our crimes ; but, safe-guarded through His 
mercy and multiplied by His favor, descend to our children's 
children." 

The martial sj)irit in the people as this time sliows an undefined 
.lesire to prepare for the arbitrament of the sword. 

On November 22, there was a great military display in Annapolis. 
The following companies took part : 

The Governor's Guards, Major \Vm. H. Thompson,' commanding ; 
St. John's College Cadets, Adjutant Hopkins, commandftig ; Union 
Guard, Cavalry, Capt. Iglehart, of West River, connnanding ; West 
River Guard, Cavalry, Capt. Stewart,commanding;the Southern Guard, 
Cavalry, Capt. Lyles, commanding; the Severn Guard, Capt. Clay- 
tor, commanding ; the Vanville liangers, Capt. Snowden, command- 
ing. The Governor's Guards were presented by Miss Eliza jNIurdock, 
on behalf of the ladies of Annapolis, with a beautiful flag. Major 
Thompson responded. Lieut. John R. Magruder, of the Governor's 
Guards, acknowledged the compliment paid the Guards. He said the 
gift was appropriate, "The Star Spangled Banner now, as I trust it 
and ever will be, the proud symbol to the world of the united power of 
Lhe people of more than thirty sovereign States, in their union one 
great and mighty nation." At the close of the proceedings Col. 
Spencer, Chief Marshal proposed "three cheers for the Union, which 
were given with a hearty good will and enthusiasm seldom excelled." 
The line. 500 strong, marched through the city and into the Xaval 
Academy where the battalion of cadets was drawn up in full uni- 
form and offered and received the military salute. This unexpected 
compliment gave eclat to the occasion.' 

Gov. Hicks was petitioned at this period by Tli«s. G. Pratt, Sprigg 
Harwood, J. S. Franklin, N. H. Green. Llwellyn Boyle, and J. Pink- 
ney to convene the Legishiture "to consid«- of the present momentous 
crisis," — the dissensions in the Union. Gov. Hicks declined. 

In December, 1800, South Carolina and other States had given full 
intention of dissolving iheir relations with the Federal Government, 
and Marylanders were debating what was the proper course for them 
to pursue. The editor of the Annapolis Gazdtc. Mr. Thomas J. Wilson, 
published the following as his sentiments: 

"Our own of>inion is that Maryland should declare that her soil 
shall not be the battle ground for tlie fanatics who are so eager to 
dye their hands in each other's blood. To declare that, whilst her 
borders are free of transit to all who are on missions of peace, they 
shall never be crossed by Northern men or Southern men in arms. 

"To maintain such a position it is necessary that the Old Maryland 
Line be re-organized and equipped. Her sons are numerous enough 
and courageous enough to defend tlie State lines. But they must 
learn the soldier's life and the soldier's skill, or their courage \vill be 
unavailing. The volunteer soldiery, though admirably drilled, and 
well equipped, are not numerous enough for the services we have 
indicated. Arms and ammunition must be provided, and men of un- 



History of Annapolis. 283 

daunted courage must be put in command of the array that can be 
speedily raised." * * * * We no longer urge hope for the 
Union. We now counsel men to look to the defence of the State, 
and to provide for her welfare when strife shall cease." 

Events sped along at too rapid a rate for the editor to hold long to 
his separate sovereignity theory, and, in the winter of 1860-61, the 
Gazette is found violently denouncing the secessionists who were at* 
tempting to draw the State, as it alleged, into secession. It was especi- 
ally denunciatory of them for calling, outside of Gov. Hicks, a sovereign 
convention "to declare the position of the State of Maryland in the 
present crisis." This extraordinary project accomplished no definite 
results. The Gazette rapidly drifted from its passive policy, and on 
February 21, 1861, is found calling the Southerners "Hotspurs," 
and asking this question: "Has it ever occurred to you, reader, 
that our present troubles might never have come but for the over- 
weening pride and audacity of the Southern 'politicians ?" The 
Gazette spoke very contemptuously of Mr. Lincoln's night flight 
through Baltimore, and, in a subsequent editorial, declared that Mr. 
Lincoln intimated to Gov. Hicks that he could have any ofUce he 
wished.* March 28, the Gazette says : "Let Maryland be kept in the 
power of true Union men. Let secession, and all other hideous isms 
be kept in the dust." April 4, the Gazette said : "He who is not for 
the Union is against it. There is no half way place — no middle 
ground." 

The Gazette grew more and more furious with sympathizers with the 
South, saying on April 18: "Men in high office now-a-days have a 
queer way of shutting their eyes to the obligation of their official oaths. 
We know of several high in office in our city, who have solemnly 
sworn to support the Constitution and Laws of Maryland and of the 
United States, who. nevertheless, are openly preaching rebellion 
against the State and Federal Government, and urging men to join 
them in their diabolical crusade. Those men too, go to church, and 
pray God to deliver us from 'all sedition, piracy, conspiracy, and re- 
bellion,' and with holy prayers on their impious lips, button-hole the 
first man they meet and pour into his ear inducements for sedition." 

April 25. 'The I9th of April had been passed. The Gazette stiys : 
"It seems to be the impression that the Legislature will pass an 
ordinance of secession. The feeling hereabouts is almost unanimous on 
the subject. * * * * The excitement here is terrible. Xo man 
seems to know what should be done to avert the evil that has come 
upon us; and all admit that we are utterly powerless to offer any 
resistance." It was a few days previous to this that Gov. Hicks 
said in Monument Square, Baltimore, that "I will suffer my right 
arm to be torn from my body before I will raise it to strike a sister 
State." May 9, 1861, the editor indignantly denied he had pandered 
in his issue of April 25, to the secession element, and declared himself 
unreservedly in favor of the Union. 

Decemljer 6. 1860, Gov. Hicks wrote to John Contee : 

' "In all my feelings and interests as a Southerner, I am ready to 
stand by the hiterests and honor of the South." 

Soon after. December 20, the Governor approved of, by procla* 
mation, the appointment by President Buchanan of January 4, 1861, 

• -Mr. Wilson, -.l.e editor, and Gov. Hieks werev^iy intim ..te au.i Mr. Wil- 
son he' ame afterwards the Governor's SecTftary o£ State. 



284 "TuE Ancient City." 

as a day of Humiliation, Fasting, and Prayer for a restoration of 
friendship among the States of the Union, adding a prayer be directed 
to Ahnighty God that "we may all again realize 'how pleasant it is 
for brethren to dwell together in imity.' " 

The Governor was at this moment besieged with importunities to con- 
vene rhe Legislature. He had been elected as a candidate of the Ameri- 
can [tarty, and tlic Legislature was democratic. He resisted these in- 
cessant petitions with a rare courage until the tragic events of the 
19th of April in Baltimore. 

In the meantime two parties were rapidly forming in the State — 
one for immediate secession, the other urging the maintenance of the 
Union and indorsing the course of Gov. Hicks. The Gazette was a 
valiant cham])ion of Gov. Hicks' sentiments. 

January 4, IS'JI, the day appointed by President Buchanan and 
endorsed by Gov. Hicks, was observed in Anna[)olis Ity religious ser- 
vices at St. Anne's, Salem Methodist Episcopal, St. Mary's Catholic, 
and the Presbyterian Churches. Rev. Mr. Daveni)ort preached at St. 
Anne's. He argued that the national troubles Wc-re brought upon us 
mahily by the corruptions of politicians, and by a sort otsansculottism 
that had mastered the minds of the people, causing them to look to a 
"higlior law," and to. consequently, be wanting in proper respect to 
our Rulers. He urged that this was contrary lo the teachings of the 
Bible, and exhoi'ted his hearers to yield their political passions and 
prejudices by sul^mitting to the will of those wlio rule us by our own 
elections, and whose authority over us had the divine sanction taught 
in the Bible." Mr. Davenport was of northern birth, and continued 
to hold his strong Union sentiments, as long as he stayed in Anna- 
polis, which was sometime after hostilities commenced; but his opinions, 
cropping out in church service, begot him a host of opponents. Rev. 
Mr. Clemm preached at Salem Church. 

Jaraiary 17, a meeting was held in Annapolis, of which Dr. Dennis 
Claude was appointed President, Col. John Walton and Dr. Edward 
Jacob. Vice-Presidents. Hon. Alex. Randall offered a series of reso- 
lutions on the State of the Union which were adopted. The reso- 
lutions denied the authority of a State to secede, declared the duty of 
the General Government to protect itself if any State should attempt 
to withdraw from the Union, and that, whilst they regret the election 
of Abraham Lincoln, they could see nothing in it that should impair 
the integrity of the Union. 

On Tuesday, February 5, a Paloietto Flag was hoisted near St. 
Anne's Church. It was soon hauled down and torn in pieces. 

On January 31, a meeting of the workingmen of xVnnapolis was 
held. Mr. L. W. Seabrook was made president ; Col. John Walton, 
Vice-President, and Norman Leslie, Secretary ; John E. Stalker, 
James E. Hopkins, John R. Magruder, Benj. ilo])kins, and A::drew 
E. Chaney were made a committee to draft resolutions. The reso- 
lutions which were adopted, declared unalterable attachment to the 
Union ; that secession was "no remedy for the grievious ills under 
which the slaveholding State have been so long suffering ; that the 
citizens assembled had full confidence in the patriotism and integrity 
of Gov. Hicks." The resolutions approved of the Crittenden Com- 
promise. 

Monday, April 1st, the municipal election was held. So soon hi the 
struggle had party names been assimilated to political opinions. Only 



FIlSTOKY OF AXNAP0LI6. 285 

Olio ticket was voted for — the "Union ticket." By this Jolui R. 
]Mat;ruder was elected flavor by a vote of 180, and Thomas J. Wilson 
recorder hy 184 votes. 

April 11th is the first date in which a headline ajipeared in tlie 
(jrazettc with war in it. It was "The War Excitement." 

The Naval Academy began to pulsate to tiie war news. Under 
orders from Washington the anthorities removed the cannon and am- 
munition from the battery to the practice ship Constellation. The ship 
took in a supply of oil and candles. The watchmen were armed with 
revolvers. During this period Anna])olis experienced a new sensation 
in obtaining the stirring news of the times by telegraph. 

Immediately after the 19th of April, Gen. Butler began to land the 
troops en route for Washington, in Annapolis: thousands of troop3 
passed through the city, and the town assumed the appearence of 
a military outpost, and to experience the results of this distinction 
in a scarcity of pi-ovisions. There was now not three days supply on 
hand. 

By the 1st of May, the excitement in Annapolis had subsided, and 
troops, munitions of war. and provisions, arrived and departed daily 
from the Naval Academy which had been made a depot, on their way, 
via the Annapolis and Elkridge Railroad, to Washington. Tfieir 
passage through the city no longer stirred up any excitement. The 
soldiers were well-behaved, and treated the citizens with every 
courtesy. 

This was not accomplished without political throes that threat- 
ened to make Maryland the theatre of the war itself. 

Gov. Hicks, had, in view of theextraordinay circumstances in and out 
of the State, on the 22d of April, called the Legislature to meet at An- 
napolis on the 26th of April in special session, "to deliberate and con- 
sider of the condition of the State, and take such measures as in their 
wisdom, they may deem fit to maintain, peace, order, and security 
within our limits. ' ' Annapolis being, subsequent to the date of the 
proclamation occupied by Federal troops, on the 24th Gov. Hicks 
changed the place of meeting to Frederick city, Frederick county. 

Lincoln had called for Maryland's quota of troops to defend the 
capital from a real or supposed advance of the Southern forces 
upon Washington. There began immediately a diplomatic corres- 
pence between Gov. Hicks and the Federal authorities as to the use 
of Maryland's levy. Whilst this was proceeding, the people of Mary- 
land, whose sympathies were deeply aroused for the South, began to 
grow restive and threatening under the intention of the Federal 
government to force its troops through Maryland to Washington. The 
19tli of April came with its startling episode in the streets of Balti- 
more. The correspondence changed from diplomatic to dramatic. 
These letters and telegrams bring the actors on the stage and shift 
the scenes witli living vividness. The first letter on the subject was 
this : 

War Department, 
His Excellency, April 17th, 1861. 

THOS. H. HICKS, 

Governor of Maryland. 

Dear Sir : — The President has referred me to your letter of this 
day, and, in reply, I have the honor to say that the troops to be raised 



^yO ''The Ancient City.'' 

in Maryland will l)e needed for the defense of this Capital, and of the 
pnblic ])roperty in that State and neighborhood. There is no inten- 
tion of removini^ them beyond those points. 
Very respectfnlly, 

SIMON CAMERON, 

Secretary of War. 

This note was followed l)y the annexed correspondence : 

Baltimore, April 17th, 1861. 
To fhe President of the United States : 

Sir :— From the conversati'n I had yesterday, in Washington, witii 
the Secretary of War, and with Lieutenant-General Scott, I under- 
stood that the four regiments of militia to be called for from Mary- 
land were to be posted and retained within the limits of this State, 
for the defense of the United States Government, the maintenance of 
the Federal authority, and the protection of the Federal Ca]ntal. 1 
also understood it w^as the intention of the United States Government 
not to require their services outside of Maryland, except in defense of 
the District of Columbia. 

Will you do me the favor to state, whether I am right in this under- 
standing, so that, in responding to the lawful demands of the United 
States Government, I may be able to give effective and relia1)le aid for 
the support and defence of this Union. 

I have the honor to be your obedientt servant, 

THOS. H. HICKS, 
Governor of Maryland. 

War Department, ) 

Washincjton, April 17th, 1801. j 
To Ills Exc^ellency, 

THOS. 11. HICKS, 

Governor of Mary hind. 
Sir : — The President lias referred to me ymw communication of this 
date, in relation to our conversation of the previous day, and I have 
the honor to say, in reply, that your statement of it is correct. 

The troops called for from Maryland are destined for the protection 
of tlie Federal Capital and the public [)roperty of the United States 
within the limits of the State of Maryland : and it is not intended to 
remove them beyond those limits except for tlie defense of this Dis- 
trict. 

I have the honor to he yours, &c., 

SIMON CAMERON. 

Secretary of War. 

War Department, ) 

Washington, April 18th, ISGI. f 
To His Excellency, 

THOS. H. HICKS, 

Governor of Maryland. 
Sir : — The President is informed that threats are made, and meas- 
ures taken, by unla^^'ful combinations of misguided citizens of Mary- 



H I S T O R Y F A N N A P L I S . ^» < 

laud, to prevent by force the transit of United States __ troops, across 
Maryland, on thelf way, pursuant to orders, for the defense of this 
capital. The information is from such sources and m such shapes, 
that the President thinks it his duty to make it known to you, so that 
all loyal and patriotic citizens of your State may be warnexl ni tune, 
and that you may be prepared to take immediate and effective meas- 

ures asrainst it. -, •, , i 

Such an attempt could have only the most deplorable consequences : 
and it would be as agreeable to the President, as it would be to your- 
self that it should be prevented, or overcome by the loyal authoiitie^ 
and citizens of Maryland, rather than averted by any other means. 
I am very respectfully, yours, &c., 

SIMON CAMERON, 

Secretary of War. 

STATE OF MARYLAND, 

Executive Chamber, ) 
Annapolis, April 20th, 1861. / 
HON. S. CAMERON, 

Sir -—Since I saw you in Washing-ton last, I have l^een been in Bal- 
timore City, laboring in conjunction with the Mayor of that city to 
nreserve i.eace and order, but I regret to say with little success. Lp 
to yesterday there appeared promise, but the outbreak came, the 
turbulent passions of the riotous element prevailed tear for safety 
became reality, what the^ endeavored to conceal, but wha was known 
to us was no longer concealed but made manifest ; the rebellious ele- 
rnent'had the control of things. We were arrangmg and organizing 
forces to protect the city and preserve order, but want ot organiza- 
tion of arms, prevented success. They had arms they had the prin- 
cipal part of the organized military forces with them and for us to 
have made the effort, under the circumstances, would have had the 
effect to aid the disorderly element. They took possession of the 
Armories, have the arms and ammunition, and 1 therefore think it 
prudent, to decline, (for the present,) responding affirmatively to the 
Requisition made by President Lincoln, for fourregiments ot mtantry. 
With great respect I am your obedient servant, 

THOS. H. HICKS. 

Frederick City, Mb., April 20th, 1861. 
His Excellency, 

THOMAS H. HICKS, 

Governor of the State Maryland, 

Annapolis, Md. 
Sir :— In obedience to Special Orders, No. 106 Adjutant General's 
Office, Washington, D. C. of April_ 15th 1861 (detailing me_to 
muster into the service of the United St^^es, the troops of this 
State called out by the President's proclamation of that date,) 1 ha\e 
the honor to report to you my arrival at this place. 

I would be pleased to receive from you, at your earhest convenience, 



288 " T U E A X C 1 E >' T C I T Y . " 

information and instructions you may ha^-e to communicate to me,- 
in reference to this duty. 

I am sir, very respectfully. 

Your obedient servant, 

R. MACFEELY, 

Isf Lieut, 4th Infantry. 

STATE OF MARYLAND, 

Executive Chamber. ) 

Annapolis, April 23d, 1861. j 
R. MACFEELY, Esq.. 

1st Lieut. 4th Infantry. 
Sir : — Your letter of the 20th inst. was received this morning. 1 
am directed by the Governor to inform you that no troops have been 
called out in Maryland, and that consequently your mission is at an 
end. And you will therefore report to the Secretary of War, who 
has been informed of the Governor's views in this matter. 
Your obedient servant, 

GEORGE W. JEFFERSON, 

Private Secretary^ 

Annapolis, April 20th, 18G1. 
To the Secretary of War : 

I have understood that it is contemplated to send Northern Troops 
to garrison Fort Madison. 

I would earnestly advise that none be sent. 

Respectfully, 

THOS. H. HICKS. 

TELEGRAPHIC DISPATCH. 

Washington, April 20th, 1861. 
GOV. HICKS, 

I desire to consult with you and the Mayor of Baltimore, relative 
to preserving the peace of Maryland. Please come immediately by 
special train, which you can take at Baltimore, or if necessary one can 
be sent from hence. Answer forthwith. 

LINCOLN. 

STATE OF MARYLAND, 

Executive Chamber, \ 
Annapolis, April 22d, 1861. / 
To His Excellency, 
A. LINCOLN, 

Presidetit of the United States, 
Sir : — T feel it my duty most especially to advise you that no more 
troops be ordered or allowed to pass through Maryland, and that the 
troops now off Annapohsbe sent elsewhere, and I most respectfully 



History of Annapolis. 289 

•urge that a truce be offered by you, so that the effusion of blood may 
be prevented. I respectfully suggest, that Lord Lyons be requested 
to act as mediator between the contending parties of our country. 
I have the honor to be, very respectfully, 

Your obedient servant, 

THOS. H. HICKS. 

Department of State, \ 
April 22d, 1861, / 
JSis Excellency, 

THOS. H. HICKS, 

Governor of Maryland. 

Sir : — I have had the honor to receive your communication of this 
morning, in which you inform me that you have felt it to be your 
^luty to advise the President of the United States to order elsewhere 
the troops then off Annapolis, and also that no more may be sent 
through Maryland, and that you have farther suggested that Lord 
Lyons be requested to act as mediator between the contending parties 
In our country, to prevent the effusion of blood. 

The President directs me to acknowledge the receipt of that com- 
munication, and to assure you that he has weighed the counsels which 
it contains with the respect which he habitually cherishes for the 
•€hief Magistrates of the several States, and especially for yourself. 
He regrets, as deeply as any magistrate or citizen of the country can, 
that demonstration, against the safety of the United States, with very 
extensive preparations for the effusion of blood, have made it his duty 
to call out the forces to which you allude. The force now sought to be 
brought through Maryland is intended for nothing but the defense of 
this Capital. The President has necessarily confided the choice of 
the national highway, which that force shall take in coming to this 
city, to the Lieutenant-General commanding the army of the United 
States, who, like his only predecessor, is not less distinguished for his 
humanity than for his loyalty, patriotism, and distinguished public 
service. 

The President instructs me to add, that the national highway thus 
selected by the Lieutenant-General has been chosen by him upon con- 
sultation with prominent magistrates and citizens of Maryland as the 
one which, while a route is absolutely necessary, is farthest removed 
from the populous cities of the State, and with the expectation that 
it would therefore be the least objectionable one. 

The President cannot but remember that there has been a time in 
the history of our country, when a General of the American Union, 
with forces designed for the defense of its Capital, was not unwelcome 
anywhere in the State of Maryland, and certainly not at Annapolis, 
then, as now, the Capital of that patriotic State, and then also one of 
the Capitals of the Union. 

If eighty years could have obliterated all the other noble sentiments 

of that age in Maryland, the President would be hopeful nevertheless 

that there is one that would forever remain there and everywhere. 

•That sentiment is, that no domestic contention whatever, that may 

19 



390 ''The Ancient City.'* 

arise among the parties of this Republic ought, in any case, to be; 
referred to any foreign arbitrament, least of all to the arbitrament of 
an European monarchy. 

I have the honor to be. 

With distinguishedyconsideration, 

Your Excellency's most obedient servant. 

WILLIAM H. SEWARD. 

[ Telegram from Mayor Broioi.] 

Baltimore, April 20, 18G1. 
To Governor Hicks : 

Letter from President and Gen. Scott. No troops to pass through' 
Baltimore, if, as a miUtary force, they can march around. I will an- 
swer that every effort will be made to prevent parties leaving the city 
to molest them ; but cannot guarantee against acts of individuals not 
organized. Do you approve ? 

GEO. WM. BI10W5. 

\^Telegram in Reply. "] 

Annapolis, April 20, 1861. 
To the Mayor of Baltimore : 

Your dispatch received. I hoped they would send no more troops- 
through Maryland ; but, as we have no right to demand this, I am 
glad no more are to be sent through Baltimore. I know you will do- 
all in your power to preserve the peace. 

THOS. H. HICKS. 

\_Telegram to tice Mayor of Baltimore.'] 

Annapolis, April 20, 180L 
I have received the following dispatch : 

"I desire to consult with you and the Mayor of Baltimore relative- 
to preserving the peace of Maryland. Please come immediately by 
special train, which you can take at Baltimore, or, if necessary one 
can be sent from here. Lincoln." 

Have you received a similar dispatch ? If so, do you intend going, 
and at what hour ? My going depends upon you. Answer at once. 

THOS. H. HICKS. 

[Telegram i?i reply, ivithmd signature.] 
To the Governor of Maryla7ul : 

The Mayor is in Washington. We have no knowledge of any sucli 
movement. 

[Telegram to Mayor Broicn..] 

Annapolis, April 21, 18G1. 
To the Mayor of Baltimore ; 

It is rumored here that men have been sent for from Baltimore to 
come here to prevent the landing of troops. Do not let them come- 
The troops will not land here. 

THOS. II. HICKS. 



History of Axnapolis. 39€ 

STATE OF MARYLAND, 

Executive Ghamher, Annapolis, April 20, 1861. 
To the Commander of the Volunteer Troops on Board the Steamer : 
Sir :_i would most earnestly advise that you do not land your 
men at Annapolis. The excitement here is very great, and I think 
that you should take your men elsewhere. I have telegraphed to the 
Secretary of War, advising against your landing your men here. 
Very respectfully, 

Your obedient Servant, 

THOS. H. HICKS, 

Governor of Maryland. 

Seal of the State of \ 
Massachusetts. J 

Off Annapolis, April 23d, 1861. 
Eis Excellency TIios. R. Hicks, Governor of 3Iaryland : 

In reply to the communication from you on the 21st, I had the 
honor to inform you of the necessities of my command, which drew 
me into the harbor of Annapolis. My circumstances have not 
changed. To that communication I have received no reply. I can- 
not return, if I desire so to do, without being furnished with some 
necessary supplies, tor all which the money will be paid. I desire of 
your Excellency an immediate reply, whether I have the permission 
of the State authorities of Maryland to land the men under my com- 
mand, and of passing quickly through the State, en my way to 
Washington, respecting private property, and paymg for what I re- 
ceive, and outraging the rights of none— a duty which I am bound to 
do in obedience to the requisitions of the President of the United 

States? , J , ^ 

I have received some copies of an informal correspondence between 
the Mayor of Baltimore and the President of the Baltimore and 
Ohio Railroad, and a copy of a note from your Excellency, enclosing 
the same to Capt. Blake, Commandant of the Naval School. These 
purport to show that instructions have been issued by the ^ ar De- 
partment as to the disposition of the United States militia, differing 
from what I had supposed to be my duty. If these instructions have 
been in fact issued, it would give me great pleasure to obey them.— 
Have I your Excellency's permission, in consideration of these 
exigencies' of the case, to land my men— to supply their wants, and 
to relieve them from the extreme and unhealthy confinement of a 
transport vessel not fitted to receive them ? To convince your Ex- 
cellency of the good faith towards the authorities of the State of 
Maryland, with which I am acting, and I am armed only against the 
disturbers of her peace and of the United States, I enclose a copy of an 
order issued to my command before I had the honor of receiving the 
copy of your communication through Capt. Blake. I trust your Ex- 
cellency will appreciate the necessities of my position, and give mean 
immediate reply, which I await with anxiety. 

I would do myself the honor to have a personal interview with your 
Excellency, if you so desire. I beg leave to call your Excellency's 
attention to what I hope may be pardoned for deeming an ill-ad vised 



292 *'THis Ancient City.'* 

designation of the men under my command. They are not Northern 
troops — they are a part of the ivhole militia of the United States, 
obeying the call of the President. 
I have the honor of being your Excellency's obedient servant, 

BEXJ. F. BUTLER, 
Brig. General in the Militia of the United StP.tes. 
p. S. — It occurs to me that our landing on tne grounds at the 
Naval Academy would be entirely proper, and in accordance with 
your Excellency's wishes. B. F. B. 

Seal of the State of ) 
Massachusetts. / 
Special Brigade, Order No. 37. 

Headquarters Second Division Mass. Vol. Militia, "> 
On board steamer Maryland, off Annapolis, April 22d, 1861. J 

Col. Munroe is charged with the execution of the following order : 
At five o'clock A. M. the troops will be paraded by company and be 
drilled in the manual of arms. Especially in loading at will, firing 
by file, and in the use of the bayonet, and these specialties will be ob- 
served in all subsequent drills in the manual. Such drill to continue 
until 7 o'clock, when all the arms will be stacked upon the upper 
(jeck — great care being taken to instruct the men as to the mode of 
stacking their arms, so that a firm stack, not easily overturned, shall 
1)6 made. Being obliged to drill at times with the weapons loaded, 
great damage may be done by the overturning of the stack and the 
discharging the piece. This is important. Indeed, an accident has 
already occurred in the regiment from this cause, and although slight 
in its consequence, yet it warns us to increased diligence in this re- 
gard. The purpose which could only be hinted at in the orders of 
yesterday has been accomplished. The frigate Constellation has lain 
for a long time at this port substantially at the mercy of the armed 
mob, which sometimes paralyzes the otherwise loyal State of Mary- 
land. Deeds of daring, successful contests, and glorious victories had 
rendered "Old Ironsides" so conspicuous in the naval history of the 
country, that she was fitly chosen as the school ship in which to train 
the future officers of the navy to lik-e heroic acts. 

It was given to Masschusetts and Essex county first to man her ; 
it was reserved for Massachusetts to have the honor to retain her for 
the service of the Union and the laws. 

This is a sufficient triumph of right, and a sufficient triumph for us. 
By this the blood of our friends shed by the Baltimore mob is in so 
far avenged. The Eighth Regiment may hereafter cheer lustily on all 
proper occasions, but never without orders. The old Constitution, by 
their efforts, aided untiringly by the United States officers having her 
in charge, is now safely "possessed, occupied, and enjoyed" by the 
government of the United States, and is safe from all her foes. 

We have been joined by the Seventh Regiment of New York, and 
together we propose peaceably, quickly, and civilly, unless opposed by 
some mob, or other disorderly persons, to march to Washington, in 
obedience to the requisitions of the President of United States. If 
opposed, we shall march steadily forward. 



History of Annapolis. 298 

My next order I hardly know how to express. I cannot assume 
that any of the citizen soldiery of Massachusetts or New York could, 
under any circumstances whatever, commit any outrages upon private 
property in a loyal and friendly State. But fearing that some im- 
proper person may have by stealth introduced himself among us, I 
deem it proper to state, that any unauthorized interference with pri- 
vate property will be most signally punished, and full reparation there- 
fore made to the injured party, to the full extent of my power and 
ability. In so doing, I but carry out the orders of the War Depart- 
ment. I should have done so without those orders. 

Col. Munroe will cause these orders to be read at the head of each 
company before we march. 

Col. Leffert's command not having been originally included m this 
order, he will be furnished with a copy for his instruction. 
By order of 

B. F. BUTLER, 

Brig. General. 



{signed} 



WILLIAM H. CLEMENS 

Brig. Major. 



State of Maryland, ") 



{Executive Chamber, Annapolis, April 22, 1861. 
~Brig. Gen. B. F. Butler: 

Sir— I am in receipt of your two communications of this date, in- 
forming me of your intention to land the men under your command at 
Annapolis, for the purpose of marching thence to the city of Wash- 
ington. I content myself with protesting against this movement, 
which, in view of the excited condition of the people of this State, I 
cannot but consider an unwise step on the part of the Government. 
But I most earnestly urge upon you that there shall be no halt made 
by the troops in this city. 

Very respectfully. 

Your obedient servant, 

TH. H. HICKS. 

State of Maryland, | 

Executive Chamber, Annapolis, April 23, 1861. / 
To Brig. Gen. B. F. Battler: 

Sir: Having, in pursuance of the powers vested in me by the Con- 
stitution of Maryland, summoned the Legislature of the State to as- 
semble on Friday, the 26th instant ; and Annapolis being the place 
in which, according to law, it must assemble ; and having been credi- 
bly informed that you have taken military possession of the Annapolis 
and Elk Ridge Railroad, I deem it my duty to protest against this 
step ; because, without at present assigning any other reason, 1 am 
informed that such occupany of said road will prevent the members 
of the Legislature from reaching this city. 

Very respectfully, yours, 

THOS. H. HICKS. 



2bi ' • T u E Ancient City.'' 

Seal of the State of \ 
Massachusetts. j 

Headquarters Third Brigade, ^ 

United States Militia, y 

Annapolis, Md., April 33, 18G1. j 
To His Excellency Thos. H. Hicks, 

Governor of 3Iaryland: 
You are credibly iiiformed that I have taken possession of the 
Annapolis and Elkridge Railroad. It might have escaped your 
notice, but at the official meeting between your Excellency and the 
Mayor of Annapolis, and the authorities of the government and 
myself, it was expressly stated as the reason why I should not land, 
that my troops could not pass the railroad, because the company had 
taken up the rails, and they were private property. It is difficult to 
see how it could be, that if my troops could not pass over the rail- 
road one way, the members of the Legislature could pass the other 
way. I have taken possession for the purpose of preventing the car- 
rying out of the threats of the mob, as officially represented to me by 
the Master of Transportation of this city "that if my troops passed 
over the railroad, the railroad sliould be destroyed." 

If the government of tlie State had taken possession of the railroad 
in any emergency, I should liave long waited before I entered upon 
it. But, as I had the honor to inform your Excellency in regard to 
insurrection against the laws of Maryland, I am here armed to main- 
tain those laws, if your Excellency desires, and the peace of the 
United States, against all disorderly persons whatever. I am en- 
deavoring to save and not to destroy ; to o1)tain means of transpor- 
tation, so I can vacate the capital prior to the sitting of the Legisla- 
ture, and not be under the painful necessity of occupying your beauti- 
ful city while the Legislature is in session. 
I have the honor to be. 

Your Excellency's ol)edient servant, 

Br. Gen. B. F. Butlek. 



.1 



Headquarters Third Brigade 

Mass. Vol. Militia, 
Annapolis, JId., April 23, 1801. 
To His Excellency Thos. H. Hicks, 

Governor of the State of Maryland : 
I dill myself the honor, in my communication of yesterday, wherein 
I asked permission to land the i)ortion of the militia oJ the United 
States under my command, to state that they were armed only 
against the disturbers of the peace of the State of Maryland and of 
the United States. 

I have understood within the last hour that some apprehejisions 
were entertained of an insurrecti(?n of the negro population of this 
neighborhood. I am anxious to convince all classes of persons that 
the forces under my command are not here in any way to interfere 
with or countenance any interference with the laws of the State. I 
am, therefore, ready to co-operate with your Excellency in suppress- 



History OF Annapolis. 295 

iiig most promptly ami effectively any insurrection against the laws 
of Maryland. 

I beg", therefore, that you announce publicly that any portion of the 
forces under my command is at your Excellency's disposal, to act 
immediately for the preservation and quietness of the peace of this 
.community. 

And 1 have the honor to be, 

Your Excellency's obedient servant, 

B. F. BUTLER, 
General of Third Brigade. 

State of Maryland, ) 

Executive Chamber^ Annapolis, April 23, 1861. j 

To Brig. (xen. B. F. Butler : 

Sir — I liave the honor to acknowledge the receipt of your letter of 
this morning, tendering the force under your command to aid in sup- 
pressing a rumored insurrection of the slaves of this county. 

I thank you most sincerely for the tender of your men ; but I had, 
before the receipt of your letter, directed the Sheriff of the County to 
.act in the matter ; and am confident that the citizens of the county 
,are fully able to suppress any insurrection of our slave population. 
I have the honor to be. 

Your obedient servant, 

TH. H. HICKS. 

<COPY OF DISPATCHES FROM BRIG. GEX. BUTLER TO 

GOVERNOR CURTIX. 
To His Excelhncy, Andreiv Cartiii, Commander in Chief of the 
Forces of Pennsylvo,iiia : 
Sir : Should this dispatch be forwarded to you, countersigned by 
His Excellency Thomas H. Hicks, Governor of Maryland, you will 
■please to understand that the insurgents have surrendered "Pikeville 
Arsensal, and that it, therefore, will not be necessary to advance your 
.;troops, as you were yesterday requested by me. 

B. F. BUTLER, 
Brigadier General. 
Annapolis, April 24th, 1861. 

State of Maryland, \ 

Executive Chamber, Annapolis, Ap)ril 24:th, 18G1. j 

To Brig. Gen. B. F. Butler : 

Sir: — A despatch signed by you, addressed to Gov. A. Curtin, nas 
been received by me, with a verbal request that I countersign it, and 
'have it forwarded to its address. 

In reference to the Arsenal at Pikeville, I have no official infor- 

vmation. I do not know who is now in possesion of it. I am cut off 

-from all communication with other parts of the State ; and have no 

vmeans to forward your dispatch, if I were willing to countersign it. 

I am compelled, therefore, to decline to accede to your request. 

Very respectfully, 

Your obedient servant, 

TH. H. HICKS. 



296 ''TheAncient City." 

These rapid and warlike events, Gov. Hicks, in his message to the- 
Legislature, April 27, thus depicted to that body then in session at 
Frederick : 

''On Sunday morning last, I discovered that a detachment of troops, 
under command of Brig. Gen. B. F. Butler, had reached Annapolis 
in a steamer, and had taken possession of the practice ship Consti- 
tution, which, during that day, they succeeded in getting outside the 
harbor of Annapolis, where she now lies. After getting the ship off,- 
the steamer laid outside our harbor, and was soon joined by another 
steamer, having on board the Seventh Regiment from New York 
City. 

"Brig. Gen. Butler addressed me, asking for permission to land his 
forces. It will be seen, from the correspondence herewith submitted, 
that I refused my consent. The Mayor of Annapolis also protested. 
But both steamers soon afterwards landed at the Naval Academy and 
put off the troops. Subsequently, other large bodies of ti-oopg 
reached here in transports and were landed. I was notified that the 
troops were to be marched to Washington. They desired to go with- 
out obstruction from our people .; but they had orders to go to Wash- 
ington, and were determined to obey those orders. In furtherance of 
their designs, they took military possession of the Annapolis and Elk 
Ridge Railroad ; in regard to which act I forwarded to Brig. Gen, 
Butler the protest, and received the reply herewith submitted. On- 
Wednesday morning the two detachments first landed took up the 
line of march for Washington. The people of Annapolis, though 
greatly exasperated, acting under counsel of the most prudent citi- 
zens, refrained from molesting or obstructing the passage of the 
troops through the city. 

"Seriously impressed with the condition of affairs, and anxious to 
avoid a repetition of events similar to those which had transpired in 
Baltimore, I deemed it my duty to make another appeal to th« 
authorities at Washington. Accordingly, I sent a special messenger 
to Washington, with a despatch to the administration advising that 
no more troops be sent through Maryland ; that the troops at Anna- 
polis be sent elsewhere ; and urging that a truce be ottered with a 
view of a peaceful settlement of existing difficulties by mediation. I 
suggested that Lord Lyons, the British Minister, be requested to act 
as mediator between the contending parties. The result of the 
mission will be seen from the correspondence herewith submitted. 

"These events have satisfied me that the War Department has con- 
cluded to make Annapolis the point for landing troops, and has re- 
solved to open and maintain communication l^etween this place and 
Washington." 

Annapolis thus became an important military station, and so re- 
mained to the close of the war. 

[18G1.] Although the editor of the Gazette had abandoned the 
lone star policy for Maryland, Gov. Hicks, up to April 25, 1!S01, had 
not given up the hope that Maryland would not be a battle ground. 
Writing from Annapolis on that date to the Legislature at Frederick, 
the Governor said : "I can give no other counsel than that we shall 
array ourselves for Union and peace, and thus preserve our soil from 
bemg poll uted with the blood of brethren." Gov. Hicks' remedy was 
of one kind and the editor of the Gazette's another. Both were 



History OF Ankapolis. 29T 

equally inefficacious as the battles of Monocacy, Sharpsburg, and- 
Antietam well attest. 

May 9, 1861, the Gazette had to defend its assertions made April 25* 
Amongst these were that "the people of Annapolis are highly indig- 
nant at the occupation of our city. But were powerless to oppose 
them. Yielding to the advice of the more prudent, our people have 
refrained from any open demonstration against the troops." Also, 
that *'the feeling hereabouts is almost unanimous on the subject"— 
that is, on secession. He asserted that "at the time we penned them 
tkey were undoubtedly true, so far as we were able to ascertain." 
He added that "no doubt now (May 9,) secession is at a discount in 
Annapolis, because such a thing makes a disagreeable impression in 
the minds of the troops," and because it is "the thing" now to be a 
Union man. 

A town meeting was held May 4, of which John R. Magruder was 
President, Dr. Dennis Claude and Col. John Walton, Vice-Presidents, 
and Oliver Miller, Secretary, "to take into consideration the proposed 
action of the Legislature to appoint a committee of Public Safety. The 
committee on resolutions were : A. Randall, Dr. John Ridout, Frank 
H. Stockett, and Wm. L. Seabrook. The meeting resolved that "the 
proposed bill was an act of lawless despotism, and that the passage 
thereof would be calculated to bring the people of this State in con- 
flict with General Government." 

By May 13, the Government had a track laid from the Xaval 
Academy, via the College Avenue, to the Annapolis and Elk Ridge 
Depot, and munitions of war were landed at the Naval Academy, and 
carried to Washington without change of cars. 

Col. Smith of the 13th New York was, at this period, given com- 
mand of the Naval Academy, the cadets having taken their flight to 
Newport, Rhode Island. Col. Smith, May 14, treated the citizens to • 
a parade of the regiment through the town, a stratagem adroitly laid 
to allay any latent feeling of secession in the city. The little 
assumptions of authority of the colonel commanding the post brought 
out one of the local poets to declare in print : 

"That Colonel Smith is a mighty warrior. 

He commands our Naval School, 
And he acts both judge and lawyer, 
Though sometimes he acts the fool." 

There were several other verses, and they found their way into the ' 
hands of the colonel, who, instead of resenting this rhythmic criticism, 
enjoyed the effusion, and complimented the unkno^vn author on his 
wit and verse. 

The older heads that held secession views found it wise to be quiet, 
but a young compary of secession youths boldly dressed in red, with 
wooden guns, paraded the town without fear or molestation, and on 
the night of July 21, 1861, when the news of the battle of Bull Run 
reached Annapolis, a crowd of young Southern sympathizers marched 
down town singing and rejoicing over the defeat of the Federal troops* 
But that was the last of it, the Federal authorities found they had 
earnest work on hand and open sympathy was met with the same' 
vigor that was displayed in the field against the Southern Confederacy. - 
The Marylanders[even found it was a dangerous combination to put th©" 
colors red and white in juxtaposition in their articles of dress. 



-■^98 * ' T H E Ancient City." 

May 30, the Gazette says : ''By order of Gov. Hicks the Xatioual 
Flag will be displayed every day from the dome of the State House. 
The cheering: sight, will, we hope, add fervor to the Union cause, and 
will shame away the remnant of treason which is yet skulking in the 
'Ancient City,' waiting its opportunity to again suppress free speech 
and free action, and to inaugurate a new 'reign of terror.' in our 
midst. There need be little fear of this, however, for the traitors are 
known, <n-ery man of them, and, we trust, condign punishment will 
be meted out, to every one who shall again dare to raise his hand 
against our liberties." 

The extreme carefulness of the Federal troops to show that they had 
not come to take away the Southerner's slaves or to give liberty to those 
in bondage is shown by the following from the Gazette of the same date: 

"Cai'ti'iied. — A runaway slave, belonging to Dennis Ornie, Esq., 
of this county, was captured on Thursday last by a picket guard of 
National Soldiery on tlie line of the Annapolis and Elk Ridge Rail- 
road, and ])romptly taken to our county jail. Such an act is a rebuke 
to those \v)io denounce the Northern soldiers as our enemies." A little 
later th:in this one of the citizens of Annapolis received very different 
treatment from that accorded to Mr. Orme. Mr. Danl. T. ilydewent 
into the Xaval Academy to secure one of his slaves who had taken 
refuge there. The commander was willing to render him up, but 
when the soldiery discovered 3[r. Hyde's mission, they closed around 
him Avith a ferocity that threatened the mobbing of the slave-owner. 
He safely escaped the danger, but, without Sam Foulks, Avho was 
hidden in a hogshead ])y the sohliors. 

()n May '2o, the (raze'tfn reproduced an article from tlie Philadeli)hia 
Inquirer, which said it had received it from "an intelligent corres[)on- 
dent wiio is one of the oldest and most estimable citizens of Annajiolis, 
who suggests a }>lan by which the City of Baltimore can l)e made to 
feel the i)roper retril)ution for her unwillingness or inability to control 
the lawless element of her population. It is simply to make Anna- 
polis the commercial emi)orium of the State of Maryland, for which 
purposes it far surpasses Baltimore in natural advantages. It is 
lociued in a spacious and sheltered liarl)or, easily accessable from 
the sea lo ships of the greatest draught ; it is the natural outlet, by 
descending grades, for the vast coal fields of Virginia whose develoj)- 
ment gives employment to the Baltimore and Ohio Railroad, which 
has now a branch to Annapolis. It is already the seat of a wealthy 
and refined [)opidation, which only needs an infusion of business men 
to inaugurate an era of commercial activity and consequent i)rosperity. 
We learn that a number of merchants who were driven from Baltimore 
for their devotion to the Union, will permanently locate themselves 
at Ann{i|iolis. supj)orted by the unswerving loyalty of tlie peojjle of 
that city, and that Northern Inisiness men wlio, within the past few 
weeks, have been compelled to pass through Annapolis, have declared 
that, before years, it would rival Baltimore in the struggle for com- 
mercial su[)remacy." 

The faithful historian must relate that neitlier record nor recol- 
lection bear witness of the settlement in the 'Ancient City" of any 
•'merchants, who were driven froij^ Baltimore, for their devotion to 
the Union." and, after twenty-seven years' opportunity to realize 
the prophesies of this "intelligent correspondent," Baltimore still re- 
jnains the emporium of Maryland. 



History of Annapolis. 399 

June 10, four companies of the 13th Regt. X. Y. S. M., left 
Annapolis and proceeded to Easton, Md., where they seized 1700 
stand of arms, six pieces of artillery, and a quantity of ammunition. 
A soldier was accidentally killed on the expedition. 

In the Congressional election in June, Clias. B. Calvert, Union man, 
received at Annapolis 296 votes ; Benj. G. Harris, Democrat, 127. 
In Anne Arundel, Calvert received 915 votes and Harris 674. 

June 15th, the Union men of Annapolis had a pole raising and flung 
the stars and stripes to the breeze. The 13th New York took part 
and speeches were made by W. L. W. Seabrook, Major Gen. 3Iorse, of 
Mass., and Oliver Dayton, of New York. The artillery gave a salute 
of 34 guns. 

Considerable excitement was created in Annapolis by the seizure, 
June 25* by the Federal government of Philadelphia oyster vessels in 
the hands of the State authorities for violations of the dredging laws. 
It seems the owners represented to the authorities at Washington, 
that their "vessels had been unlawfully captured by the secessionists 
from Annapolis, who had torn down the national flag from their masts, 
trampled it under foot, and cheered lustily for the traitor Jeff Davis." 

"W. H. Russell, the celebrated correspondent of the London Times, 
reached Annapolis, on Monday, July 14, from Fortress Monroe and 
remained until Tuesday. 

July 25 appears to have been the day on which the vanguard of 
that great army of sick and wounded that was located in Annapolis 
during the civil war, arrived. Fifty such soldiers were brought from 
Georgetown. 

The Gazette, of August 1st, complains of encroachments on the 
rights of the people by the Federal government, saying that "most 
of these incidents are totally unnecessary, totally uncalled for by any 
exigency and are perpetrated by fanatical and incompetent officers 
of the General Government, who take unconscionable advantage of 
circumstances to carry out some fanatical theory or revengeful 
feeling.'' 

Col. 11. Riddle Roberts, now in command of the Naval Academy, 
caused three negroes who had come by boat, and landed at the 
Naval A-'uidemy, and had asked shelter, to be delivered "to the Sheriff 
of Anne Arundel county to be dealt with according to law." 

A Union Home Guard was or<^anized in Annapolis. Its officers 
were Captain Roger Bellis; Lieutenant, William Hubbard, Jr.; 
Orderly Sergeant. Norman Leslie; 2d Sergeant, Michael Kernin, Cor- 
porals, Wm. H. Bellis, John Ireland, and Julian Brewer. 

The military spirit cropped out strongly in Annapolis. The Union 
members of the Governor's Guard seceded and formed a new company 
under Capt. W. G. Tuck. A Zouave corps »f 80 was formed under 
the command of Capt. William Hubbard. That part of the Governor's 
Guard, alleged to be affected with Southern sentiments, still paraded 
without arms, and the Gazette suggested it was "a great outrage to 
permit them to keep up their organization," as they would join the 
•Confederates if opportunity presented itself. 

September 1, eleven Confederate prisoners were brought to Anna- 
polis. The ladies of Southern proclivities paid them marked 
.attention. Col. Augustus Morse of the 21st Mass., had now com- 
mand of the troops at the Naval Academy. He afterward settled at 
Annapolis, and purchased the City Hotel. 



300 "The Ancient City." 

[18G2.] Burnside's expedition to Roanoke Island made its ren-^ 
dezvous at Annapolis, and a camp for paroled prisoners was established 
on the College Campus in the rear oi the buildings. This camp was 
eventually removed to Camp Parole, two miles from Annajjolis, where 
thousands of paroled prisoners were constantly quartered during the 
war. From this camp was named the Station of that name on the 
Annapolis, Washington, and Baltimore railroad. 

The Assembly Rooms were made the head quarters of Provost 
Guard, and during their occupancy, was set on fire. The Federal 
government paid for the damage and with this money the building 
was repaired. 

The Annapolis Gazette, which had been established in 1852 by 
Thos. J. Wilson and Richard Sellmiin, ceased publication, it appears, 
in August 18G1. September 10, 1863, it was recuscitated with Rich. 
P. Bayly, well-known in the fraternity as ''Deacon Baily", as 
editor and proprietor. The Gazette still maintained its strong union 
sentiments, the new editor declaring, **with me it is the Union — the 
whole Union — first, last, and all the time." 

[1863.] Sept. 5, the Steam Ferryboat "Ready" arrived for use on 
Severn River Ferry. 

Paroled prisor^rs from the camps near the city who were found in 
town "without a pass," subsequent to the 1st inst., were ordered to- 
be arrested by the Provost Guard and returned to the camp to Avhich 
they belonged. Annapolis was now thoroughly policed by a 
military guard, the provost marshal being superintendent of police^ 

The Gazette expressed its gratification that the enrollment of 
Anne Arundel, preliminary to a draft, was nearly completed. The 
work was done under Thomas N. Pindle, Esq. The Gazette added : 
"It is a source of pleasure to know that the work has been effected 
without any violence. There were rumors that Sece.^h would not per- 
mit the enrollment to be quietly and peaceably made. In fact, so 
strong was this opinion, that nearly all the persons first appointed 
to make the enrollment refused to act." 

It revives with breezy freshness the old war time scenes in a border 
State to con over the Gazette. 

From its local column is taken this daguerreotype of the times : 

"Arrested. — Basil NcNew, residing near this city, was arrested on 
Thursday evening, (Sept. 10, j for uttering disloyal sentiments in our 
streets. He was taken lo the Guard House, where he was detained 
until Saturday morning, when he was taken to Fort McHenrj, 
Whilst in the Guard House, he vociferously hurrahed for the- 
Southern Confederacy and Jeff Davis, and it was with difficulty the 
firm and efficient, yet kind Provost Marshal, Capt. F.J. Keffer, could- 
prevent the paroled prisoners in the same room from doing him per- 
sonal injury." 

Mr. McXew survived his temporary imprisonment in Fort McHenry,- 
and is now the efficient keeper of the Anne Arundel Court House.- 

The authorities at the same time sent Samuel Topper, alias Wm.- 
Mcintosh to Fort McHenry on the charge of being a spy. He had 
been arrested by the Colonel of the 109th N. Y. Volunteers at the 
Annapolis Junction on the third of July, and had been in the Anna- 
polis jail since that date. There seemed to be some difficulty ia 
determining whether, or not, Topper was a spy or a lunatic. The- 
authorities put themselves on the safe side by locking him up in prison.- 



History OF Annapolis. 301 

The Gazette, at this time, published several communications whose 
evident object was to intimidate the democrats from taking any part 
in the politics of the day. The democrats were spoken of as traitors, 
and the publications made against them tended to make the Federal 
Government lay its hands on them. The animosities of that day can 
be easily conceired when in its issue of Sept. 34, the Gazette says : 

"The Ball in Motion.— At a meeting of the Secesh Democracy, 
held in this city on the 15th instant, the gentlemen named below 
were appointed as delegates to represent this Election District (Anna- 
polis,) in a Convention to be held in Bladensburgon|this day, (Sept. 24,) 
to nominate a candidate for this Congressional District — Messrs. Pass- 
more McCullough, Wm. Bryan, John Duvall, and Wm. Watts. 
These gentlemen are all well-known to have been ardent supporters of 
the measures of the Legislature that met at Frederick in 1861, the 
majority of which {sic) labored to the utmost of their power to unite 
Maryland with South Carolina, and the other Cotton States in their 
rebellion against the Government of the United States. That they 
still occupy the same position we have every reason to believe, and so 
far as their action relates to the said Congressional Convention we 
may expect the nomination of a violent secessionist, an enemy to 
the prevailing Government, and decidedly opposed to forcing the 
Rebels to lay down their arms. * * * * The question then 
arises, will the Government permit a party to organize in loyal Mary- 
land, (and that too in the only Congressional District secessionism 
dare rear its standard,) whose chief object will be to obstruct and 
embarrass every effort that may be made to put down the accursed re- 
bellion, and restore the Union and the blessings of peace ? We shall 
see." 

The county delegates to the Congressional Convention, Benj. Tongue, 
Dr. J. W. Waugh, SpriggHarwood, and James Sandford, the Gazette, 
snappishly declared were "in favor of the dissolution of the Union 
and the recognition of the Southern Confederacy." These embarrassing 
charges had apparently one object in view — the arrest of democratic 
leaders and the utter overthrow of the party by the military power of 
the Federal Government. 

The enrollment of AnnapoKs showed there were in the first class, 545 
whites and 147 colored, subject to military duty, and in the second 
class, 163 whites and 22 colored. 

The democratic Congressional Convention of the 5th district, nomi- 
nated no candidate, but recommended Benj. G. Harris, of St. Mary's 
county. 

The provost guard was no idle form, but prohibited liquor to the 
soldiers in a manner to do the most advanced temperance advocate's 
heart a boundless amount of good. October 5, it seized the stock 
of liquor of the proprietor of the American House and placed a 
guard there on the ground that liquor had been sold at the hotel to 
the soldiers. The hotel stood on the vacant lot above Andrews' alley 
leading from Main street to State House Circle. 

The democrats of Anne Arundel made their contest this year under 
many difficulties and with the fear of military interference constantly 
before their eyes. In Annapolis the Union vote on State's Attorney 
was, H. M. Murray, 302 ; James Re veil, dem., 147. In the county the 



303 • ''TheAxcientCity. '' 

vote was, Murray, 635; James Revell, 1,119. The closest vote was 
on Register of Wills — Benj. E. G-antt, independent. 853 ; Richard 
I. Duvall, dein., 898. 

Sick prisoners, out of Confederate hands were now frequently arriv- 
ing in Annapolis. They were in a suffering and emaciated condition. 



Public Buildings, Chueches, axd Ancient 
Landmarks. 

FOUR GUBERNATORIAL RESIDENCES. 

Annapolis contains four houses that have served, or were intended 
to serve, as the residences of the governors of Maryland. 

The earliest built is that now owned by Mr. Francis T. Marehand, 
formerly the residence of Judge A. B. Hagner, No. 83 Prince 
George street. The house is a well preserved evidence of the taste 
and solidity of the architecture of that interesting period. To this 
house a few years since an addition was made on the right wing. The 
outlines and proportions of the ancient building are easily discerned. 

This building belonged to Major Edward Dorsey, and was occupied 
by Governor Francis Nicholson, who was the Executive of the pro- 
vince from 1694 to 1709. The exact date of the erection of the build- 
ing is not known. This house is most probably the one that was oc- 
cupied for the sitting of the Legislature after the burning of the 
State House in 1704. 

The next in age is McDowell Hall, St. John's College. In 1744, the 
College Green, containing four acres of land, wasconveyed by Stephen 
Boardley to Thomas Bladen, governor of Maryland, who projected 
the main and central building, as a palatial residence for the gover- 
nors of Maryland. Its site, the commodious grounds, the spacious 
building conspired to make the mansion a desirable home and a prince- 
ly public residence. Mr. Duff, the architect, came from Scotland to 
superintend the construction of the building, materials of every kind 
were provided in a most liberal spirit, and the edifice was nearly 
finished in a style of magnificence, suitable to the prosperity and en- 
terprise of the province, when a disagreement took place between the 
governor and the legislature, that reached such a fervor, that, at a 
period, when a nominal sum would have made it a fitting mansion for 
the executives of Maryland, all work was stopped, and it remained 
until 1784, "a melancholy and mouldering monument" of the results 
of political dissensions. It appropriately received the cognomen of 
"the Governor's folly." 

By chap. 37, 1784, this property was voted by the State to St. 
John's College, provided the college was established at Annapolis. 

The third gubernatorial mansion is the one now occupied by the 
Naval Academy as a library. The main building of this house was 



'History of Annapolis. SOS' 

erected by Edmund Jennings, from* whom it was purchased by GoV' 
ernor Robert Eden who was executive of Maryland from 17G9 to 1776 < 
Governor Eden built the wings and the long-room. There are many 
living in Annapolis who will readily recognize Mr. David Ridgely'? 
description of it as it appeared in 1840 : 

"This edifice has a handsome court and garden, extending, with 
the exception of an intervening lot, to water's edge. From the 
portico looking to the garden, a fine prospect regales the vision. The 
building consists of two stories, and presents an extensive front ; there 
are on the lower floor a large room on each side of the hall as you 
enter; and several smaller ones ; the saloon, on the same floor, is 
nearly the length of the house. On each side of the edifice are com-^ 
modious kitchens, carriage-house, and stables, with spacious lots* 
Towards the water, the building rises in the middle in a turreted 
shape. It stands detached from other structures, and is altogether a 
delightful and suitable mansion for the chief magistrateof our State." 

By act 18G6, chap. 46, this house and grounds were sold to the 
United States Government for an addition to the Naval Academy. 

This act provided for the purchase of a site for, and the erection of, 
another Gubernatorial Mansion. The Governor, Comptroller, and. 
Treasurer, Thomas Swann being governor, were authorized to have 
this work executed. One hundred thousand dollars were appropriated. 
The site selected was a quintangular lot, fronting on State House 
Circle, College Avenue, (Tabernacle street,) Church Circle, Lawyer, 
and North streets. 

To make room for the present Governor's mansion, two fine oldr 
colonial residences had to be torn down. One was the house of the 
late George E. Franklin, and the other of Mrs. Green. The last 
house was formerly the residence of AJisalom Ridgely, and of his son 
Dr. John Ridgely, who was surgeon on the U. S. Ship Philadelphia 
when it was captured in the harbor of Tripoli in 1804. This house 
was built by Gen. Geo. H. Stewart's grandfather. 

The lot and building of the new executive mansion cost SG9, 296.28 
over the appropriation which the Legislature was called upon to meet- 
The Legislature investigated the matter and made a detailed report of 
Ijhe expense, but a wise and friendly State printer neglected to bind the' 
report among public documents of the session, and this interesting 
statement is therefore lost to history and posterity. 



First Methodist Episcopal Church. 

The first trustees of the Methodist Congregation of Annapolis, of 
whom there is any record were Absalom Ridgely, Joseph Evans, 
George Wells, and John Miller. When the church was incorporated 
in 1838, all of the original trustees were dead save Joseph Evans who- 
then was no longer a member of the church . 

The first church of Methodism stood near the site of the present 
Record office on the State House Hili. The circle did not extend as 
far then as it does now. The church was a frame building and was 
known as "the old blue church," so 'designated from its color. It 
had a stairway on the outside, up which the colored part of the con- 
gregation went to the gallery set apart for them. After it ceased to' 
be used as a church, it became a school-house. 



•S04 "The Ancient City.'' 

When the Methodists became a corporate body in 1833, the follow- 
ing were the trustees : Nicholas J. Watkins, Basil Shephard, Louis 
Gassaway, Geo. McNeir, Thos. G. Waters, Grafton Munroe, Andrew 
Slicer, and Philip Clayton. 

The Second Church, in which the' Methodists worshiped was built 
about 1820. It was a neat brick building, with pressed brick front, 
and remained until 1859, when the present church was built on the 
game site. It was in this second church that Gen. La Fayette at- 
tended divine service Annapolis in 1824. 

The building committee of the present church was J. Wesley 
White, James Andrews, and James Munroe. The committee on 
funds: J. Wesley White, Joshua Brown, Philip Clayton, Edward 
Hopkins, Solomon Philips, Isaac Brewer, James Andrews, R. R. 
Goodman, and James Munroe. 

The congregation as early as 1834 bought a parsonage on Cornhill 
street, on the north side near the corner. It was burnt down about 
1851. The present parsonage was built in 1852. 

Presbyterian Church. 

The first Presbyterian Church of Annapolis was organized May 2d, 
1846, by the Rev. Dr. Laurie and the Rev. Mr. Dunlop, members of 
the congregation appointed by the Presbytery of Baltimore for that 
duty. The elders elected at that time were Prof. A. N. Girault and 
Dr. John Ridout. 

On the 25th of July, 1846, the corner-stone of the ehurch edifice 
was laid by Rev. Thomas Peck, D. D., at which time an address was 
. delivered by him at the Assembly Rooms. 

On the 11th of July, 1847, the Church was dedicated, Geo. W. 
Musgrave, D. D., preaching the seamon. On the same day, the first 
pastor. Rev. Chas. H. Ewing, was installed. 

The following succeeded Mr. Ewing as pastors : Rev. J. J. Graff, 
1849 to 1861. Rev. J. M. Patterson from 1861 to 1866. Rev. J. J. 
Henderson from 1867 to 1875. Rev. H. 0. Gibbons from 1876 to 
1881. Rev. Robt. II. Williams, the pastor now in charge, was in- 
>!talled in October, 1882. 

St. Mary's Catholic Church. 

The present Catholic Church was erected in 1858, when the Rev. 
Father Michael Miller was pastor. 

The first Catholic Church was erected on the site of St. Mary's 
Parochial School. It was built mainly through the instrumentality 
of the venerable Charles Carroll, of Carrollton, during the later period 
of his life, probably somewhere aVjout 1830. It was torn down a few 
years since on account of its unsafe condition. Xear the parochial 
school is a house that was formerly used as the residence of the 
Catholic clergymen. It is one of a row of buildings that previously 
stood there, then known as "Mac Xamara's row," and this house is 
said to be one of the oldest in the city. MacXamara was one of the 
earliest to have his lot surveyed when the town was re-surveyed in 
J718. 

The property, now owned by the Redemptorist Order, formerly be- 



II 1 s T o RY OF Annapolis. 305 

longed to Charles Carroll, of Carrolltou, and was donated to this re- 
ligious l)ody by the descendants of this illustrious patriot. 

Wesley Chapel 

Was erected in 1870. The building committee were Joseph S. M. 
Basil, J. Wesley Robinson, and Josiah Russell. The pastor in charge 
was J. H. Swope. 

St. Martin's Churijh. 

St. Martin's Evangelical Lutheran Church was founded April 6, 
1874. On June 7, 1875, the corner-stone of the church was laid. 
The building committee of the church was: M. R. Casler, Henry 
Kaiser, John Dressel, Jerry W. Kalmey, and John Steip. The trus- 
tees at present are : Christian Boessell, Martin M. Smith. William 
Haller, Henry Matzen, Frederick Vollmer, and Charles Ziehlke. 

AsBURY M. E. Church, (Colored Congregation.) 

This church was built in 103. The trustees were John Wheeler, 
George Martin, vSaml. Hackney, Matthias Robertson, Francis Tray, 
John Forty. The church was rebuilt in 1838, and "at that time was 
connected with the Baltimore Conference. The trustees at present 
are Thomas Jones, Louis Lomack, David Johnson^ Benj. Little, 
Wiley Bates, Joseph Pinkney, Arson Tyler, and Henry Hebron. The 
•pastor is Rev. Alexander Dennis. 

Mount Moriah Church. (Colored Congregation.) 
Was built in 1876 under the pastorage of Rev. Jonathan Hamilton. 

The Ball Room , 

Is the same building that Eddis described m 1770. One room is 
now used for the meeting of the City Council, other apartments for 
balls and social gatherings, and one portion as the department 
headquarters. The supper room was formerly the revenue ofrice of the 
province. During the erection of present State House, the Legislat- 
ture met in the Ball Room. 

The Old City Hall 

Is the house now occupied by Worthington & Co. It was used 
formerly as the place of meeting of the corporation, and as a fire 
engine house. It was sold about fifteen years since to William T. 
Iglehart. 

The City Hotel 

Was originally the residence of Mr. Lloyd Dulany. That part was 
two stories high and in it is the room occupied by Gen. Washington, 
the night before he resigned his military commission. A new build- 
ing of three stories was added afterward, and, about 1830, the build- 
ings, from the large one on Conduit street to the corner of Conduit 
street and Duke of Gloucester, were erected. The first proprietor of 
20 



30G *'TheAncientCity. '' 

it as a hotel was Col. Maim. This was dnring the Revolutionary period, 
and it was known as Mann's Hotel. Then William Caton became pro- 
prietor, and it was Caton 's Hotel and City Tavern. Messrs. Iglehart and 
Swann were afterward proprietors. Then Col. John Walton. Next 
Col. Morse. The property lately passed into the hands of William H. 
Gorman and Luther F. Colton. 

Salvation Army Bauracks. 

A corps of the Salvation Army, consisting of Captain Samuel 
Gully and wife, made its appearance in Ainiapolis in 1885. They 
made slow progress at first, but, in the course of the year, the corps, 
which had received the help of other officers gathered together about 
fifty recruits. Their unique accompaniments of triangle, tamborine, and 
cornet to draw the attention of sinners, excited the amusement and 
oftentimes the disfavor of the public, but their earnest words and sober 
lives won the respect and brought success to the Army. They were 
able in the fall and winter of 1885-6 to erect a plain but comfortable 
"Barracks" on King George street, at the foot of East. 

THE (;hase mansion. 

The house, on the north side of Maryland Avenue, corner of King 
George, built in 1770, by Judge Samuel Chase, (known in the family 
as Judge Samuel Chase, the Signer,) has been described as ''probably 
thf most stately house in Anna])olis, being the only colonial residence 
which is three stories high. The main feature of the house is its 
hall of entrance opening on a lofty porch and extending through the 
house from front to back, a distance of over forty-five feet, and being 
over fourteen feet wide, the large double front door being arched 
with glass transome and a window on each side. The stairway, op- 
posite the front door, begins with a single flight of steps, and, rising 
to nearly half the height of the stairway, ends with a platform from 
which aflight of steps on each side diverges, ascending to a gallery 
which is >;upported by Ionic pillars. AV)ove the first ])latform of the 
staircase rises a triple window, the central of which is arched and 
the whole is of magnificent porportions, reminding one of some ancient 
church. At each end of the gallery above is an arched door with 
glass transome. Opening on this gallery from the front, is the door 
of an apartment, and on each side of the door a niche intended for 
statuary. The dining room is handsomely ornamented in carved 
wood, and the marble mantel piece of this room represents a scene 
from Shakespeare in sculpture." It was intended to have had wings 
upon this house, but it was sold, before being finished, to Governor 
Lloyd, who was the executive of the State from 1809 to 1811. Mr. 
Heiiry llarwood, his son-in-law, bought the house from Gov. Lloyd. 
It was afterward purchased by Captain Edward Gibson. U. S. X. 
The next purchaser was Miss Hester Ann Chase, who bought it in 
1847. She was the daughter of Jeremiah T. Chase. It is now in the 
possession of Mrs. Hester Ann Chase Ridout, grand daughter of 
Samuel Chase and Jeremiah T. Chase. 

The Hauwoou Residence. 

The house, with wings, on the south side of Maryland Avenue at 
the intersection of King George, was designed by Mr. Buckland, 
architect, for Mr. Wm. Hammond, a famous Annapolis lawyer, of ye 



History OF Annapolis. 307 

.olden times. It was built between the years 1770 and 1780. It was 
■first occupied by .Teremiah Townley Chase, Chief Justice of Maryland 
in 1781, and was unfinished when he went into it. The house is 
of brick with stone foundation, some of the foundation walls beintj 
fiA-efeet thick. The house is handsomely decorated with carved 
wood. The parlor, a room nineteen by twenty-seven, has a carved 
wainscot surrounding the room, and the mantel-piece, window, and 
■ door frames, shutters and doors are carved in arabesque, and is said 
to be the handsomest specimen of its kind in Maryland. In 1811, the 
house was purchased, together with the grouT;d extending from King 
•George street to Prince George street, by Chief .Justice Chase for his 
oldest daughter, Frances Townley, wife of Richard Loockerraan. The 
garden was designed by Mrs. F. T. Loockerman, and was laid off under 
her diiection, and the box walk was planted by herself. The outside 
corridor of the south wing was added by the family and many interior 
improvements havf been made. The house is now occupied by Wm. 
Harwood and family. Mrs. Harwood being a grand-daughter of .Judge 
Jeremiah T. Chase. Mr. Hammond, for whom the house was built, it is 
said, was engaged to be married to a lady, and he weijt to Philadel- 
phia to get his furniture, but the engagement was broken off, and he 
lived a bachelor. 

The Ogle House. 

The house, on the corner of King George street and College Avenue, 
now owned by Mrs. Judge .John Thompson 3Iason, forraei-ly the resi- 
dence of Gov. Thomas G. Pratt, was built by Gov. Samuel Ogle, who 
was Governor at three different periods — first in 17>>2 and the third 
time in 1746 and '47. 

The Paca Dwelling. 

The house, on the northeast side of Prince George street, near 
East St., now owned by Mrs. Richard Swann, was built by Gov. Paca, 
who wa* Governor in 1782. Arther Schaaf purchased the house from 
the Governor. Louis Xeth became owner after Mr. Schaaf. About 
1847, Chancellor Theodoric Bland lived there, but was not the 
owner of it. This garden, perhaps, more than any other spot, indi- 
cated the delightful life of Annapolis a century ago. The spring 
house, the exptinse of trees and shrubbery, the octagonal two-story 
summer house, that represented "My laVly's bower," the artificial 
brook, fed by two springs of water, that went rippling along to the 
batli house that refreshed in the sultry days, and gave delight to the 
occupants, form a picture tradition loves to dwell upon to this day. 

The Iglehart House. 

The dwelling, now occupied by Mrs. William T. Iglehart, was 
owned by Thomas Jennings, barrister, who also lived there. He it 
was who built the house on East st., now owned by ex-Mayor Thomas 
E. Martin, for his daughter Mrs. James Brice. Apropos of this 
daughter, she was noted for entertaining her guests with a famous 
kind of cake, called Naples biscuit, the recipe for which has come 
.down to this generation. Mr. William T. Iglehart purchased the 
Jennings' house, from John T. Barber's estate about 1870, removed 
,fi wing of the house, and improved its appearance, but did not alter 
.the architecture of the main building. 



308 "TheAncientCity." 

Aunt Lucy Smith's House. 

The old house on the norther.st side of Prince George street, adjoin-- 
ing the Protestant Episcopal Chapel, is an hiterrogation to every 
passer by. Its exact date is lost in the misty clonds of age. l>ut its 
appearance and ancient architecture mark it as one of the oldest 
houses in venerable Annapolis. Part of its history has been preserved. 
Many years ago there lived in it an ancient colored dame, known as 
Aunt Lucy Smith. She was a famous cook who served to good ac- 
count on State occasions the grand dames of the former regime. At 
other times she supplied from her house or from her baskei on the 
street, the choice morsels that her art divined in the kitchen. John 
Smith, her husband, kept a livery stable in the rear of the house, a 
business John's lineal descendents continue to this day in Baltimore. 

The Pinkney House. 

The Pinkney House, on College Avenue and Bladen street, was built 
by John Callahan, register of the Land office. It is one of the oldest 
houses of our city. It is now owned by Mrs. Mary Pinkney. a rela- 
tive of the celebrated William Pinkney. 

Other xVncient Houses. 

The property now owned by Charles S. Welch, Esq., on Hanover 
street, was built in 1763, and was at one time the residence of 
Anthony Stewart, the owner of the famous brig Peggy Stewart. 

The main residence of Mrs. Alex. Randall, situated in the five-sided 
lot, opposite the State House, is one the most ancient builings of the 
city. It is known positively to have been in existence in 175'2, and 
very probably in 1737. In this house Reverdy Johnson was born. 

The house on the north-west of Market Space and Randall street- 
is an ancient building erected by John Randall, grandfather of J. Wirt 
Randall. 

The house occupied by Ex-Mayor Thos. E. Martin, on East ^reet? 
near Prince George's is also one of the landmarks af our early history. 
It was erected by Mr. Edmund Jennings for his son-in-law, one of the 
Prices. 

The house, ocsupied by Mrs. Eliza Bonsall, No. 55 Duke of Glou- 
cester street, is one of the oldest in the city. In this licuse Jehu 
Chandler, the founder of the Jlanjland BtjmhlicaN, lived and died. 

The three houses at the lower end of Duke of Gloucester street, now 
owned by John R. Magruder, Lieut. Albert Ross, and Philip R. Voor- 
hees and sister, were built by John Ridout, grrat grandfatli'M- of Dr. 
William G. Ridout. He also built the residence of Dr. William G. 
Ridout. The first three were built res[»ectively for Mr. Ridout's chil- 
dren: Horace and Samuel Ridout and Mrs. Gibson. This Jolin Ridout 
was the first of the Ridouts in tlie country. 

Mrs. Nicholas Carroll was Miss Ann .lennings, daughter of ]\[r. 
Thos. Jennings, the great lawyer. They lived iji the house now used 
as the Annapolis Public School P>uilding. This house was altered 
during the ownership of Frank II. Stockett and also since it has been 
a public school building. 

"The Liberty Tree." 

The earliest tradition, handed down to us of the imperial poplar' 
that adorns the College Campus, is that it served as the canopy under" 



History OF Annapolis. 309 

which the colonists and Indians made a treaty of peace. As history 
records only one document of this kind signed here — this treaty must 
have been the one agreed between the colonists and the sturdy Susque- 
hannocks in 1653. 

The next public use of it we find in Eddis' Letters was when the in- 
habitants assembled under it to determine whether, or not, persons 
who had not joined the association of patriots should be driven out of 
the colony. 

In 1825, Gen. LaFayette was entertained under it, and after that 
there are frequent mentions in the Maryland Gazette of Fourth of 
July celebrations taking place under its ample shade. 

About 1840, several youths were playing under this tree with that 
very dangerous, but frequent adjunct of juvenile sports — gunpowder. 
They had about two pounds of it. They placed it in the hollow of the 
tree where it was ignited and exploded, setting fire to the grand old 
tree. The citizens of AnnapoUs repaired in force for its rescue, the 
firemen bringing out the city engine and deluging the tree with water. 
The boys' escapade was. no doubt, greatly denounced; but the juveniles 
had done better than their denunciators thought or che juveniles in- 
tended. The tree had fallen into a state of decay that threatened 
its life. The next year it put forth its branches with its youth re- 
newed. The explosion had destroyed the worms that were gnawing 
away its vitals ! 

How long this monarch of a primeval forest has existed, none can 
tell. An octogenarian tells me he remembers it in 1812 — and it seemed 
as large then as now. If, in 1653, it was of such imposing growth 
that it was selected as the scene of so important an event as the 
making of a treaty of peace by the Puritans with their savage foes, 
may we not infer it lived before Columbus saw America ? On the 
30th of July, 1886, it was, two feet from the ground, twenty-nine 
feet, four inches in circumference, and stood about 150 feet high. 
One third of the trunk is gone, and is now boarded up. The body of 
the tree is a mere shell — a marval how its life can be maintained and 
thousands of tulips bloom on its branches in their season. 

Its identity with Eddis' Liberty Tree is preserved to us alone by 
tradition, but its use and size corroborate the truth of oral testimony. 

A Notable Bo^vl. 

First. Uses at a Collation Given by Lloyd Dulany. 

The famous bowl that for a century graced the counter of the Old 
City Hotel in this city on festive occasions, such as the Fourth of 
July, Xew Year's, and Christmas, around which at the social board 
have gathered the sages and heroes of the Revolution and the great 
lights of our day, still exists. It has been in the possession of its 
present owner, Edward Walton, about ten years, and is sacredly 
guarded as a link in that great chain that connects the present with 
the heroic past. The bowl, which is 16 niches in diameter, 4 inches 
deep, and 7 inches wide at the bottom, has an interesting history. It 
is stated that it was first used at a collation given by Lloyd Dulany, 
at his private residence, now the City HoteC a few evenings after 
the burning of the brig Peggy Stewart, and that among his guests was 



310 ' "The Ancient City. " 

Charles Carroll, of Carrollton. Mr. Dulaiiy explained to his company 
how he became possessor of this, then much admired, bowl. He said 
it had been sent to him Ijy a friend in England and had arrived in the- 
Peggy Stewart. He also stated at the time that the captain had 
assured him that in no way was it a part of her cargo, thai it was- 
not on her manifest ; that he had it placed in his cabin along with his 
private property, and that, after he had fired his brig, he recollected 
that he had promised to deliver the bowl in person. To this state- 
ment Mr. Carroll is represented as having smillingly replied: "We 
accept your explanation, provided the bowl is used to draw always 
this same kind of tea." 

Many thousands of Marylanders and numerous statesmen of 
America have drank out of it. 



CHAPTER LXI. 

Election's in Annapolis During the Civil WaKc- 

The right of elective franchise was capricious in Annapolis during 
the war, and depended entirely upon the orders issued by the general 
of the military department of Maryland. These new qualifications for 
voters were formulated in test oaths whose chief objuration was that the 
elector had no sympathy for the South or secession. When these failed 
to prevent the obnoxious elector from voting, questions, yet more etfec- 
tual in searching the conscience of the voter, were put until the desired 
disenf ranchisement was accomplished. One spectacle was amusing, if it 
had not been disreputable. Somebody inspired the soldiers at the 5»aval 
Academy with the idea that they had a right to vote and, on being 
placed on their voir dirt, two hundred enlisted soldiers of the Federal 
government, non-residents of the State, swore tluit they had come into 
the State of Maryland thirteen months previous with the intention of 
inakhig this their residence I On this the judges of election, in the 
city of Annapohs, received their votes. 

[1863.] The election in November, developed an anomalous state 
of things. The Constitution and Laws of Maryland prescribed cer- 
tain qualifications for voters ; the Geiieral Commanding the Depart- 
ment of Maryland by his pronunciamento demanded another test for 
the right of franchise — an oath unknown to the laws of the State. A- 
number of citizens of Annapolis refused to qualify under this new 
regulation. The Gaztfe tersely say* : 

"iJuring the past week* our city has been thrown into considerable 
excitement hi consequence of the arrest of a number of persons, citi- 
zens of this city. Captain Kefler, Provost Marshal of this district, 
who obeys orders to the letter, addressed the following letter to Col. 
Waite after the election : 
" 'Col. C. A. Waitt, 1st Infantry, U. S. A., 

Coiiwianding at Annapolis : 

*' 'Colonel : — I have the honor to submit to you thefollo^ving names 
of persons, who, upon their votes being challenged on the ground ot 

* Issue of November 20, 18f3. 



History OF Annapolis. 311 

Disloyalty, on the day of the election at Annapolis, refused to take 
the oath of allegiance, and consequently left the polls, being denied 
the right of voting : 

" 'Geo. M. Duvall, Jos. II. Nicholson, Oliver Miller, D. Claude 
Handy, Robt. W. Tate, James E. Tate, Wm. Tell Claude, candidate 
on the Secessiont Ticket for the House of Delegates, Thomas G. 
Pratt, Thomas Franklin, James Revell, candidate on the Secession 
Ticket for State's Attorney ; Martin Revell, Nicholas H. Green, can- 
didate on the Secession Ticket for Clerk of the Circuit Court ; and 
Edward Boyle. 

" 'IVIany of these men are members of the Bar, and express their de- 
termination on Monday, next, or as soon as possible thereafter, to have 
the Judges of Election indicted before the Grand Jury of Anne Arun- 
del county, for refusing to receive their votes in accordance with the 
election laws of the State Maryland. 

" 'I would most respectfully ask what course I shall pursue in the 
event of t-he Judges of the Election being arrested. 

I am Colonel, with great respect. 

Your obedient servant, 

^FRANCIS I. KEFFER. 
Capt. 71st, P. v.: Provost Marshal." 

A copy of Col. Waite's answer is not extant ;but the text may l^e in- 
ferred by the sequence. All of the gentlemen, who refused to take the 
oath, were arrested and required to report to Baltimore to Major- 
Gen. Schenck, where, after some days' delay, they were all paroled, 
save Gov. Pratt and Col. Nicholson, to give no aid and no comfort to 
the Southern Confederacy. They were then allowed to return home. 
Their paroles continue to this day. Gov. Pratt and Col. Nicholson 
got as far souih as Fortress Munroe, when the latter took the oath re- 
quired of him, and returned home. Gov. Pratt refused to take any 
oath whatever, and was finally released by the Government. 



CHAPTER LXII. 

Chronicles of Annapolis from 1863 to 1887. 

[1863.] Dr. Dennis Claude died December 9th, at an advanced 
age. He had filled many honorable positions, amongst them State 
Treasurer and Comptroller. 

Roger Bellis, of Annapolis, lost a leg at Gettysburg and was after- 
ward made a Second Lieutenant in the Invalid Corps. 

December 22, a fire broke out at the house of Smith Price. The 
military efi&^tively aided the citizens in extinguishing the fire. The 
Gazette called on the Legislature to aid the city to secure a fire en- 

t JJeznocjatic^ 



'612 ' ' T H E A N C I E N T C I T Y . ' ' 

giiie. Twenty years later under the adniinis'iratiou of Dr. Abram 
Claude, Mayor, this engine was obtained by the city — the ladies hav- 
ing contriliuted by a fair SOOO to the engine. 

Under tiie Constitution adopted in 1864, a prominent citizen of An- 
nai>olip. Hon. Alex. Randall, was elected Attorney General. He was 
a son of John Kandall, who, for many years, had been collector of the 
port, and who occupied a prominent position in the city. Alexander 
Randall early showed his ability, taking at graduation at St. John's 
College, the "first honor of his class. He was in early life sent to repre- 
sent his district in Congress. He died in 1881. After his decease his 
family beautifully completed the interior of St. Anne's Mission Chapel 
as a memurial. 

The Gazette failed this year to obtain the State printing contract. 
This loss of party printing, conceded in part to the home paper, was 
borne with an equanimity of mind that betokened a lofty spirit. He 
says January 14 : 

''Our Paper. — Our readers will excuse the want of the usual va- 
riety in today's issue. The length of the advertisement in relation to 
the mail contracts excludes much Legislative and other news we 
would be glad to publish if we had time to prepare it. But being 
obliged to be mostly our own type-setter an(^ pressman (as well as 
editor) we must ask indulgence for a week or two. We think it per- 
tinent to remark here that the fears or hopes of those persons who 
think the t-razette will be suspended in conse({uence of not o1)taining any 
of the Legislative work are groundless. Our first object, when consent- 
ing to take the proprietorship of the Gazette was that the Union party 
in this city, and in the congressional district should have a paper de- 
voted to the holy cause of preserving tliis great and free nation from the 
terrible results that would follow upon its dissolution. Our mind has 
undergone no change and the Gazette will continue to be published, 
if we are blessed with health, at least, so long as tliis unnatural war 
last, even should circumstances compel us to beg or borrow a couple 
of blankets and made our bed with the types and our daily food be 
bread and potatoes." 

[18G4.] Jan. 21, Prof. Wm. H. Thompson, A. M., professor of the 
Preparatory Department of St. John's College advertised that "studies, 
as prescribed by the prospectus of the college will be resumed at the 
City Hall, i^now Worthington & Co's., Drug Store,) on the first day 
of February, and continue there until the Government may deem it 
proper to vacate the College. * -^ "'■• No student admitted who has 
not been vaccinated. By order of the Board of Visitors and Gov- 
ernors.'' 

The small-pox had prevailed at Annapolis for some time past but 
was now abating. 

The Gazette gives January 38, this tid-l)it of local "war news :" — 
"Sent South. — Mrs. Davidson, who was some time since captured 
while crossing the Potomac from Virginia to Maryland, and who has 
since Ijcen confined in the Old Capitol at Washington, was on Friday 
last sent to the commanding otficerat Fortress Munroe to be returned 
South. Mrs. S. is the wife of Lieut. Hunter Davidson, formerly of 
the U. S. Xavy, but who deserted the Old Flag and joined the Traitors 
soon after the robelUion shew its strength." 



History OF Annapolis. 313 

During the early part of February three Russian vessels arrived at 
Annapolis. During their stay a Russian sailor Demidorf was killed 
by an Annapolitan. Demidorf was buried in the National Cemetery 
near Annapolis. 

Sunday, Fel)ruary 14th, about half-past four in the afternoon 
:L destructive fire visited Annapolis. A large three-story build- 
ing, foot of Main street, called Xoah's Ark caught on fire. A 
violent wind was blowing. The inside was completely ruined; two 
frame houses adjoining, l)elonging to Mr. John Slemaker were 
wrecked, and considerable damage done to the store and brick-dwell- 
ing of Mr. Nicholas Killraan. In removing the goods and chattels of 
the Killman residence, three flags of the Southern Confederacy were 
brought to light. This highly incensed the soldiers who were untir- 
ingly workini;- to put out the fire. Noah's Ark was reduced one- 
story, and the walls relniilt upon. 

A company of negro soldiers, on their way to Baltimore, were 
obliged to put into Annapolis on account of the ice during the latter 
part of February. They encamped at St. John's College. They 
paraded the strreets of Annapolis, and it aroused the military spirit 
amongst the colored people, who flocked to the camp and enlisted. 
One hundred and twenty went from Annapolis, about twenty of whom 
were rejected as disqualified. The Gazette says it learned that be- 
tween two and three hundred slaves had left their masters with the 
determination to enlist. The Gazette approved their conduct. 

During the last week in March, Col. Carros A. Waite of the U. S. 
Infantry, was relieved of the military command of Annapolis, and 
Col. A. R. Root appointed in his stead. Capt. Keffer, Provost Mar- 
shal, was also ]-elieved, and Capt. Thomas Watkins, of Company B., 
of the Purnell Legion, was put in his place. Capt. Watkins' com- 
pany performed the duties of Provost Guard. 

The local election in Annapolis in April, developed a new party cry. 
The tickets were Union and Anti-Huckster. The Union ticket re- 
ceived a support of 168, and the Anti-Huckster 97. The excitement 
was small, the vote light. Solomon Philips was elected Mayor. 

The MayJand Repuhlican passed a high enlogy, at the retirement 
^f Hon. Geo. Wells from the Presidency of the Annapolis and Elk 
Ridge Railroad, on his management of it, which had elevated the 
Road from a very low estate to one of great prosperity and useful- 
ness. In 1863 the State received from the road 814,286.72, being 
nearly 5 per cent, on the State's investment in the road. Joshua 
Brown, Esq., succeeded Mr. Weils. 

April 12, Gen. Grant and several of his staff were in Annapolis. 

Anne Arundel by an overwhelming vote elected Eli J. Henkle, 
(Jliver Miller, Sprigg Harwood, and A. S. Bond, democrats, as dele- 
gates to the State Convention which had been called by the people. 
The Convention met April 27. Its chief acts were the proposed 
emancipation of slaves without pay and the enactment of qualifi- 
cations for voters by which a large part of the white male citizens of 
the State were disfranchised. The constitution, with the aid of the 
Maryland soldiers' votes in their camps iu the field, was adopted by 
400 votes. 

Col. Thomas J. Wilson, late editor of the Gazette, was sent to 
J^nnapolis in May, as Paymaster U. S. Army. 



314 "The Ancient City, "j [^ 

In June subscription books were '* to be seen" for the Annapolis 
waterworks. 

The barbers determined this month and thereafter to work no more 
on Sunday. 

In July, 1864, General Early of the Confederate Army, made 
an invasion of Maryland. The alarm extended to Annapolis, and the 
military authorities be^^jan to fortify the city. The long line of re- 
douljts. extending parallel with the AnnapoHs and Bay Ridge Railroad 
from the Annapolis, Washington and Baltimore railroad to the 
public road, was thrown up to meet the expected advance of the Con- 
federates. To build the works citizens were impressed by the pro- 
vost-guard and marched in double files daily to the earth works. 
This duty was obnoxious to many who were strongly southern in 
their sentiments, and who did not relish the idea, of fighting against 
people whom they thought were in the right. Xor was the impress- 
rnent of Southern sympathizers altogether approved of by the Union 
side, one of them saying afterward if the fight had come off, he •"would 
have had to keep one eye on the Southern sympathizers in his ranks 
and one eye on the Confederates." On this occasion tlie only bitter- 
ness of spirit of the war, outside of newspaper utterances and poli- 
tical communications, was exhibited. Some citizens were found so 
despicable as to buckle on a sword, and, at the head of squads of 
military, to search out southern sympathizers hidden in their homes 
in the town, to drag them out to the earthworks. Some of these ran- 
corous spirits were among the first to turn (democrats ?) when that 
party came into power in 1807. 

During the three days of alarm a few of the fugitives were able to 
hide, one finding refuge in the belfry of the First Charge Methodist 
Episcopal Church, where he safely remained until the impressment 
was over. 

The various drafts for conscripts were sources of deep trouble to 
the city. Mr. Prank H. Stockett was the draft officer and Dr. Wil- 
liam Brewer the medical examiner. Men, conscripted to fight in a cause 
they disapproved of, made miserable men and women. It was sur- 
prising to find how many people developed hidden ailments. Unsus- 
pected sources of pain and impediment were suddenly created by the 
drawing of the unlucky number. One man developed a lameness that 
entirely disappeared on the cessation of hostilities. Those citizens 
who liad money, liberally subscribed for the unfortunates to purchase 
substitutes. 

A border city, Annapolis sent representatives to both armies. These 
met in deadly array against each other at Front Royal and Winches- 
ter, Virginia, and at Gettysburg, Pa.,— the Annapolis Confederates 
being in the celelmited charge up Gulp's Hill. 

In the latter part of July Annapolis was highly excited over an 
alleged haunted house. Violent knocks and noises drove a family 
that had rented the house from the premises and coal, bricks, and clubs 
flew through the air to the great fear of the sujiei-stitious. The ar- 
rest of one colored man ended the ghost theory manifestations. The 
impression prevailed that the negro who had heretofore occupied the 
house, free of rent, had ingeniously, with the assistance of friends, 
labored to create the impression that the house was haunted that he 
might return to his old lodgings without charge for rent in arrears. 



History OF Annapolis. Sl^ 

Annapolis was on the alert, through a committee, to see that it 
was not called upon to furnish more than its quota in the proposed 
drafts of the government for soldiers. 

On the 18th of August, Henry Frazier, Jr., of Co. B. Puneli 
Legion, was killed in a fight on the Weldon Railroad. Capt. T. H. 
Watkins was wounded in the head at the same time. 

[18G5.] The war being over, those who went from Annapolis, and 
who survived, returned to their former homes. The Confederates and 
Federal veterans fraternized like brave men and some of the firmest 
friendships in the city have been cemented between those who wear 
the palms of victory and those who maintained the "Lost Cause." 

Such was the friendly feeling existing between the heroes of the twa 
armies and such the lofty impulses of a genuine patriotism that, on 
May 30, 1883, Meade Post of the Grand Army of the Republic, invited 
S. Thos. McCuUough, a lieutenant of the Confederate Army, to de- 
lirer an oration at a joint decoration of the graves of the Federal and 
Confederate soldiers at Annapolis. The invitation was accepted in 
the same generous spirit in which it was tendered, and Federal and 
Confederate marched together to the silent city of the dead and laid 
their immortelles on the graves of those who had died for their convic- 
tions on both sides of the great conflict. 

A new picture presented itself at Annapolis. By September 21stj- 
Annapolis and its surroundings had ceased to be a military department 
and dropped down to the humble pedestal of Post. The military had 
dwindled to four companies, one at Annapolis and three at Camp 
Parole. "The Naval Academy," said the Gazette, "is rapidly assuming 
its former beauty, and the midshipmen in our streels have a look of the 
olden time. 

"Perhaps, never within the remembrance of the oldest inhabitants, 
has Annapolis exhbited so much of the spirit of improvement. Some 
forty houses are being erected aud several undergoing useful and hand- 
some improvement. The dealers in building material are as busy as 
bees. * * * * Many applications are made for dwellings, but 
there are none vacant to supply the demand." 

Annapolis caught the base ball fever prevalent in the country and 
inaugurated the Annapolis Base Ball club with Edward C. Gantt, as 
President : Dr. D. C. Handy, Vice-President : Secretary, P. ts. 
Schwrar; Treasurer, John H. Thomas; Directors— John C. Regan, John 
T. Wright, John S. Maley. 

The Naval Academy resumed operations at Annapolis Monday 
October 1. under the Superintendency of Rear Admirel D. D. Porter. 

The election in Anne Arundel this year resulted in the selection of 
the democratic ticket. The vote on sheriff shew the strength of the 
two parties. RignalD. Woodward, Union, received 484, votes ; Wm. 
Bryan, democrat, 654. 

At a special election December 28, George Wells was elected Senator 
from Anne Arundel county by the following vote: Wells, Union, 436, 
James Deale, of James, D., 391. 

In January the town clock was placed in St. Anne's and was con- 
sidered an acquisition to the city. 

January 22, Henry Barnard, L. L. D., was installed as President of 
St. John's in the hall of the House of Delegates. 

The Wesley Chapel congregation purchased in Feburary the lot on 
East street, extending to Cornhill, of Geo. M. Taylor, for tfoOOO^ 



iJlG ''The Ancient City.'' 

for a parsonage. This is Gallilean Hall now owned by the colored 
people. 

The Enterprise Building Association was organized in March 1st, 
the first Building Association in Annapolis. W. 0. Bigelow was Presi- 
dent. From this company grew the Horn Point settlement. The 
company erected the Bridge over the Spa and to it is due the incep- 
tion of this creditable annex to Annapolis. 

In the winter of this year Annapolis was the scene of numerous 
petty burglaries and arsons. Among the attempts to do damage to prop- 
erty was one to blow up the Steamer Ferry Boat, Capt. Stephen 
Chase, on Febuary 7, l)y firing up the steamer after it had concluded 
her trips for the day. / 

On the 12th. of January, Gfeorge Col ton was elected President of 
the 3Iaryland Hotel Company with R. Swann, W. H. Tuck, Robt. 
Fowler, and I. M. Denson as directors. 

On the 16th of January the following were elected officers of the 
First National Bank of Annapolis. President — Wm. 11. Tuck ; Direc- 
tors — Bobt. Fowler, James Andrews, J. Wesley White, and Johns 
Hopkins. 

[1809.] On Thursday Marcli 25, Hon. A. E. P>orie, Secretary of 
the Xavy, Vice Admiral D. I). Porter, and a number of ladies from 
Washington, arrived at Annapolis in a special train to visit the Naval 
Academy. They were met at the depot in carriages and driven to 
the Academy. The Secretary was received with the usual honors. 
The otHcers, midshipmen, and marines were drawn up in full dress, 
and were reviewed by the Secretary and Admiral Porter. The party 
was much pleased with its visit, and returned to Washington at a 
late hcnr in the evening. The Secretary was greatly gratified at the 
situation and the discipline of the Academy. 

At the municipal election on Monday April 5, the vote was : 
For Mayor. 
Vi . 0. Bigelow, Rep. 109. Augustus Gassaway, D. 33o. 

For Recorder. 
Nicholas Brewer, R. 110. S. T. McCullough, D. 326. 

For Aldermen. 
J. Guest King, R. 123. John H. Thomas, D. 317. 

Grafton Munroe, R. 114. John Hammond, D. 333. 

Thos. K. Jones, R. 111. John T. Hyde, D. 325. 

C. A. Sullivan, R. 104. Dr. Geo. Wells, D. 339. 

M. R. easier, R. 108. W. B. Gardner, D. 333. 

The Gazette, republican, explained the one-sidedness of the elec- 
tion thus : 

"The KepuV)licans fought this fight squarely upon the loth Amend- 
ment to the Constitution. It was talked of before the election to 
bring out a citizens' ticket, but some of the Republicans being op- 
[)Osed to any compromise with the democrats, a straight-out Repub- 
lican ticket was nominated, and the above was the result. It will be 
seen tliat the ticket did well, as a large number, wlio always voted our 
ticket, having no hope of success, did not go to the polls. This is the 
first election in this city, since the adoption of the amendment. We 



History OF Annapolis. 317 

say to the Republicans of this city, to continue in the good work, and 
'fight it out on that line, if it takes a life time,' and we will surely 
triumph." 

[1870.] St. John's College, in this year, reached its acme of prosperity 
under the presidency of James C. Welling. Oji Wednesday, January 
19. Dr. Welling made this report to the Legislature : 

''He said that the whole number of students during the scholastic 
year ending on the 28th of July last, was 225, the average attendance 
being about 200, the present number being 181. The whole number 
of students nominated by the School Commissioners of the several 
counties for admission into the college or its preparatory department 
without any charge for tuition or text books, is 170. The average 
attendance on this basis during the last and the present year has ex- 
ceeded 100. The college has offered during this period to receive the 
full quota of 150, and has made preparations to do so, but it sometimes 
happens that the pupils selected by the county boards to enjoy these 
free scholarship? fail to enter the college with punctuality. The col* 
lege has, in fact, been prepared to receive 160 additional pupils, 
without charge for tuition or text books, being ten in excess of the 
number requiied by the existing statutes, which enjoin upon insti- 
tutions receiving Stale aid to provide gratuitious instruction at the 
rate of one student for every $100 of the State donation. Every 
county in the State has been represented on this basis. The accomo- 
dations of the college have been strained to their utmost capacity by 
the number of students seeking admission. Should the number be 
materially increased, it would be necessary to procure additional 
accommodations in the city of Annapolis, until a new college edifice 
could be erected. The want of such a building is already sensibly 
felt. It may not be generally known that the present real estate of 
the college (representing amoney value of at least S250.000. ) is purely 
the result of private munificence. The public bounty of the State 
now generously co-operates with this private munificence by granting 
to the college, for a limited term, an annual donation of §15,000, 
being in fact a sum equal to the annual interest on the investments 
made by private munificence for the founding of the college at the 
Capital of Maryland. If the endowment of the college were only 
placed on a ptrmanent basis, its present prosperity would be but a 
pledge of its higher usefulness in the future. 

"The whole number of teachers now comprised in the Faculty is 
thirteen, but the main burden of instruction is borne by nine pro- 
fessors and tutors, who alone receive a salary for their services. In 
the college classes now comprising sixty-one students, instruction is 
given in the branches of learning taught in American colleges, and 
the standard of attainment has been raised to the highest point at 
which it is fixed by any similar institution in the country. The at- 
tention of the General Assembly is particularly invited to the course 
of study pursued in the several classes of the college, as it is believed 
to be unusually broad and practical, as well as thorough in the 
methods employed to secure proficiency in scholarship. Xo degree of 
any kind is conferred except on the evidence of adequate attainments, 

"The Preparatory Department of the College corresponds, in the 
grade and quality of its studies, to a High School. During the last 
few years this department has engrossed the larger share of the 
Faculty's attention, but as it is the wish and purpose of the Board of 



iJl8 ♦ 'The Ancient City." 

Visitors and Governors to build up a College in the fullest sense of the 
term, and one that shall be worthy the State, it is obvious that the 
proportions of the Preparatory Department must hereafter be re- 
duced, that the College proper may be developed on the liberal and 
comprehensive plan designed by its founders. It should be the para- 
mount aim of the College to ira])art that higher education which can- 
not be imparted by the State, and to do this on terms which shall not 
make that higher education the exclusive property of the rich. And 
it is in this view that the College has placed itself in sympathy with 
the cause of public education in Maryland. 

"We should not, perhaps, omit to mention that military tactics are 
taught to all students who desire instruction under this head, and 
that three military companies have been formed in connection with 
the College." 

Dr. Welling ends by saying: 

"With the expression of graditude due as well to the Legislature 
as to the people of Maryland for the generous patronage awarded to 
the College (and the fruits of which are seen in its present unwonted 
prosperity), I oeg leave, on behalf of the Board of Visitors and 
Governors and in the name of the Faculty, most cordially to invite 
the members of the General Assembly to visit the College, and to in- 
spect the method used for the maintenance of order and the pro- 
motion of diligence in regularity and study." The report was re- 
ferred to the Committee on Education. 

The political corruptions following the Civil War reflected upon the 
Naval Academy. The shamelessness of the flaunting evils is evinced 
in this advertisement that appeared in a New York daily : 

"United States Xaval Academy. — A cadet vacancy to be filled 
l)efore June. Parties of means address Congressman. Address, Box 
No. — office." 

The (icizttfe reproduced the advertisment in its news columns. 
March 10, Robert F. Bonsall, in the Gord year of his age died. He 
was for many years })rinter to the Court of Appeals, and Avas a man 
of high principle. 

The Legislature of this year passed the Act to authorize the Mutual 
Building Association of Annapolis to build a bridge over Si)a creek 
to connect at Annapolis and Horn Point. 

The Court House of Annapolis has been made the scene of many 
Important trials by the removal of cases from other jurisdictions. 
Amongst them the Wharton trial in 1872, the Hoffman trial for the 
Harnden Express robbery in 1870, Nicholson and Hollahan for 
mnrderin 1873, and Hance, for murder in 1885. 

During the trial of Nicholson and Hollahan, whilst State's Attor- 
ney Revell was addressing the jury for the State, Hollohan made an 
attack upon Assistant Marshal Frey. The marshal was sitting with- 
in the rail with his back to the prisoner's dock, and his bald crown 
within reach of Hollohan, who rose up suddenly and dealt him a 
terrible blow uj)on the head with an improvised slung-shot made of 
a stocking and a piece of coal, nails, and an iron st^vple. The marshal 
was severely wounded, Nicholson jumj)ed up on the rail as if to dash 
out of the Court House, whilst Hollohan was seized in the throat by 
J. Randolph Walton and Detective Shaffer, a friend of Marshal Frey, 
clubbed his revolver and beat Hollohan over the head. People fled from 
the Court House in the excitement, and a general uproar ensued. 



History of Annapolis. 319 

Jiulge Hayden, the only one that seemed to understand that HoUo- 
han's life was being choked ^iit of him, in stentorian tones cried out, 
'•Let that man go !" Mr. Walton, who had some traces left of the 
Samsoman strength of his youth, took his hand from the throat 
of the well-nigh dead brute, who defiantly demanded that they kill 
him. The prisoners were then ironed, and the trial proceeded. When 
ne was sentenced, Chief .Judge Miller ordered the irons off the prisoners, 
saying, that "Xo man should be sentenced in this Court in chains." 

[1883.] On the morning of Monday, October 18, 1883, a disastrous 
fire occurred in Annapolis. It began from some unknown cause, 
about 2 A. M., in a store on Market Space, occupied by ]\[r. Lewis S. 
€layton, and destroyed three large brick houses on Market Space, 
injured another, and partially or wholly destroyed five or six others on 
Main street. Over Mr. Clayton's store was the residence of Mr. 
James Legg. When the fire was discovered, Mr. Legg's family hur- 
ried to the street. His son, Mr. Charles Legg, when the fire was 
threatening to overwhelm him, sought the room of his aged aunt. 
Miss Eleanor Watkins, to save her from the flames. Their charred 
bones, the next day, mutely told the heroic and futile sacrifice. The 
citizens of Annapolis erected a monument to Mr. Legg in the City 
Cemetery. He was forty-four years old when he died. 

[1886-] After the Revolution the trade of Annapolis rapidly de- 
clined. The commerce which it had enjoyed, took its flight to Balti- 
more where all the traffic of the State centered, and fortunes were no 
longer made in the mercantile trade at Annapolis. What that trade 
once was is illustrated in the history of one of its merchants, Absalom 
Ridgely, son of Henry Ridgely. Mr. Ridgely was born in 1742, and 
began his mercantile ventures in the little house on Flat-iron corner, 
at the inter-section of Fleet and Cornhill streets. His capital at 
marriage was $150. When he died, at the ripe age of 70. he was 
able to give each of his eight children, eight thousand dollars a piece 
in cash, besides leaving real property to be divided amongst them, 
Nor was this the chief heritage, he bequeathed them — he left them that 
which is greater than riches — a good name. His epitaph so sunis up 
the whole matter. — "He calmly resigned his soul to Him who gave it, 
after having faithfully discharged his duties as a man and as a chris- 
tian.'' His sons rose up to do him honor. John, David, Richard, 
Charles and Nicholas. Richard was a merchant of Annapolis ; David 
was State Librarian and the author of the Annals of Annapolis; and 
John was a surgeon in the United States Army, who, after his resig- 
nation of that position, was a prominent physician in civil life. 

Annapolis, however, retained some traces of its former important 
business up to the beginning of the war between the States. The plan- 
ters of Anne Arundel came regularly to th'e city, at the proper seasons, 
and laid in supplies for their slaves and families. These bills of five 
and six hundred dollars each, were covered by notes that were 
promptly met at maturity. With the abolition of slavery, this trade 
was t aken away from the merchants, and the mercantile trade has 
little outside resources. The Xaval Academy, in some measure, sup- 
plies the benefits of a foreign trade. The oyster-packing establish- 
ments, of which there are about ten, bring considerable money into 
the city, which, with the home trade in oysters, redeems the mercantile 
business from annihilation. 



IV^O ' * T II E A N c 1 E N T City.'' 

Once since the])erio(l of the ancient commercial prosperity of Anna- 
polis, its mercantile trade received a decisive impulse. Tlie Civil War 
havino: made Annajjolis a military rendezvous, tliousands of soldiers 
Avere always quartered in and al>out the city and the private supplies 
bought by them gave any merchant who would improve ir, O])) >ortunity 
to secure a competence. Some of them took advantage of the oc- 
casion and markedly bettered their fortunes. 

Monday, December 27, the Anne Arundel Historical Society cele- 
Imxted its first anniversary. Gen. Bradley T. Johnson read a paper 
on "The Battle of ihe Severn," fought opposite Annapolis, March 
25th, 1655. The society requested the paper for publication. Officers 
of the Society for the ensuing year were elected : — President — Xicho- 
las Brewer ; Vice-President — Frank B. Mayer : Secretary — J. Ilar- 
wood Iglehart ; Treasurer — J. Schaaf Stockett. Board of Directors — 
Rev. Robert H, Williams a,nd Daniel R. Randall. 

[1887.] The Amateur Dramatic Association of the Naval Academy 
gave its first entertainment on Saturday, January 15. Gov. Lloyd 
and wife were among the guests. The play was entitled : — "The 
Shakespeare Water Cure." The cast was: — Ophelia, Mrs. Lieut. 
Bartlett ; Portia, Mrs. Lieut. J. T. Smith ; Lady Macbeth, Miss Har- 
rington ; Juliet, Miss Sampson; Macbeth, Ensign Knapp : Romeo, 
Ensign Gibbons ; Othello, Ensign Lloyd ; Hamlet, Lieut. Mitchell : 
Shylock, Lieut. Mahan. 

Louis H. Rehn, Collector and Treasurer of Annapolis, made hie 
annual report Monday night. February 14, to the Corportion for the 
year ending December 31, 1880. The report showed the finances of 
the city to be in a most healthful condition. The revenue of the city 
for the year was 820,201.49 ; the disbursements. S23,o71.42. Balance 
in treasury, SI. 829. 77. Debts due by the city. S14,213.S9, bonded 
debts, S7, 750, total debt, 820,801.18. Debts due the city, 817,571.50. 
Bonds, stock, &c., credited to the sinking fund, 88,502.90. The 
•lebts due the city and the credits to the sinking fund will almost pay 
the floating and bonded debt of the city. The city has personal and 
real property the value of $57,605.00. The city's business is now car- 
ried on a cash basis — a bill passed one night by the Board will be paid 
the next day. 

Tlie local sensjition at Annapolis, Wednesday, March 9th. was the 
running of the first regular trains on the Annapolis and Baltimore 
Short Line railroad. One train left here at 6.40 A. M., with twenty- 
five passengers for Baltimore. It reached Baltimore at 8 A. M. It 
returned here at 9.30, A. M., leaving Baltimore at 8.20, A. M. The 
train was under the care of Conductor George Render, with James 
Hull, engineer, and Christopher Carl, fireman. The second train left 
here at at noon under the conductorsiiip of E. T. Divens, with John 
McCardy. engineer, J. T. Newell, l)rakeman. G. W. Spalding, bag- 
gage-master and exi)ress messenger, P. Dowlin, fireman. It carried 
thirty-one passengers to Baltimore. There was a number of citizen? 
out to give the new venture a good send-olf. The third train I'eft 
Annapolis at 4.20, P. M. 

March 12, Jacob V. Dolman, captain of the oyster schooner, Oliver 
M. Ruark, was brought into Annapolis on the charge of killing Wil- 
liam Stanley, one of his crew, in the Chestipeake, off Hackett's Point. 
Bartley and Stanley, two of the crew, were afraid the boat would 



History OP Annapolis. 331 

turn over and lowered the sail two or three times ai^ainst the captain's 
vorder. On the last time, the Captain shot and killed Stanley. 

March 28, the venerable poplar on St. John College Campus was ac- 
iiidently set on fire by some boys. Another set of youths, after consid- 
erable effort, extinguished the flames. 

Tuesday, April 4. Dr. George Wells, of Annapolis, was elected by 
£i unanimous vote of the County Commissioners, treasurer of Anne 
Arundel county. 

Lieut. John W. Danenhower, one of the survivors of the Jeannette 
Expedition to the Polar regions, committed suicide at the Naval 
Academy. Wednesday, April 20th, by shooting himself in the temple. 
He was laboring under a melancholy, produced from the grounding 
^f.the U. S. Ship Constellation in the Cheasapeake whilst he was in 
4?.onimand. 

April 25, Wm, H. F. Wilson, a prominent citizen of Annapolis, 
died in his ISih voar. 



CHAPTER LXm. 

A Disastrous Accident. 

1806. 

On Monday afternoon, July 9th, 1833, four Fathers and three 
Students, Fathers Louis Classeans, James Bnidiey, John Gerdemann, 
and Timothy Enright, and students John Kenny, John B. Runge and 

Guhl, left the Redemp^orist College in this city on a sailing 

expedition. 

In a secluded place, about five miles from Annapolis, two or three 
concluded to take a bath, when student John Kenny, who was con- 
valescing from a recent illness was taken sick and came near drown- 
ing, but was rescued by Mr. Guhl. Whilst the latter was rescuing 
Mr. Kenny. Father Gerdemann. attempting to help them, was seen 
to disappear. This occurred Itetween five and six in the afternoon. 
Although called for, and searched for, Father Gerdemann was nerer 
5een again alive. 

The rain now began to pour in incessant showers, and the wind to 
blow with appalling violence. The faithful party remained until ten 
o'clock endeavoring to secure the body of the dead priest, but all in 
vain. The storm of rain and wind still continued, when the sorrow- 
ful company set out upon their return home. When they had gotten 
'some distance from the shore, an effort was made to put up the sail. 
Too many were on one side, and, a sudden flaw striking the sail,- the 
boat was capsized. As the boat went over, Father Enright jumped 
off into the water, and getting on the bottom of the boat was the 
only one who was not caught under the vessel. 
31 



322 *'The Ancient City." 

Mr. Kenny was the first to appear, but sank immediately saying ; 
* 'Jesus, Mary, Joseph, assist me !" Mr. Runge next appeared, 
ejacukiting — "'Oh, my God, have mercy on me." 

Father Enright helped Father Classeans from under the boat 
and heard his confession. In the meanwhile Father Bradley had 
come from under the boat and was clinging to the rudder, whilst Mr, 
Guhl was all this time under the boat living by breathing the air that 
was between the bottom of the boat and the water. 

This state of affairs lasted about fifteen minutes when the boat, up- 
turning, freed Mr. Guhl from his dangerous situation, but this broke 
the hold of Father Classeans, and he sank, and rose no more. Whilst 
the boat was righted the survivors endeavored to take in the sail, but, 
before it was accomplished, the boat was again overturned. The 
anchor dropping out of the boat and fastening in the bottom produced 
a teactionary motion from the force of the waves that kept the boat 
constantly rolling, and what was worse kept the boat from drifting 
ashore, as it would have done since the wind blew to the land. 

The boat was a round bottomed one, and Father Enright and Guhl, 
on opposite sides, clasped hands and in that manner kept themselves 
on the boat and steadied it somewhat, Father Bradley still clinging to 
the rudder. Here these brave and holy men encouraged each other 
by praying and making confessions of sins, expressing their willing- 
ness to die, and yet declaring they would make every effort in their 
power to save themselves. Mr. Guhl was affected with sleep, and 
had to be constantly called to be kept awake. When help was offered 
Father Bradley, he refused it declarmg that each had sufficient to do to 
save himself. Their strength was wasting every moment, and when 
one hour before daylight, Father Bradley lost his hold by the boat 
overturniug, he was unable to regain it and perished. Father Enright 
also lost hold and was sinking when rescued by Mr. Guhl, and they 
once more clasped hands across the boat. 

So through that direful night, the terrible hours wore on, and at 
daylight the two survivors found they were a half mile from shore, 
and, on trying the depth, found they could touch bottom, a thing, 
many believe with every reason, they could have done at any time dur- 
ing the accident, since the boat would not Ukely drift f ro'm its first 
position after the anchor fell from the boat. 

On gaining the shore Father Enright and Kenny went to the house 
of Aunt Cliarity Brashears who gave them restoratives, and offered 
to convey them to Annapolis, but being chilled the two preferred tc 
walk, and made their way to Barber's farm on the opposite side of 
Spa Creek, and made their melancholy signal to their associates in 
the Kedemptorist College. Here their signal was seen, and the sur- 
yivors were brought to the Institution to tell their sorrowful story. It 
was 9.30 a. m., when they arrived greatly exhausted, and fears were 
entertained for their recovery. 

Father Classeans was pastor of St. Mary's Church in this city, and 
Professor oi Moral Theology in the College. He was only 38 years 
old. He came from Holland to America in 1851. Father Gerde- 
mann was from Cumberland, Md., was Professor of Khetoric, Eng- 
lish, and German Literature. He was conductor of the colored 
Catholic School here, and pastor of the Catholic Church of West 
Kiver. He was 27 years old. Father Bradley was here recuperating^ 



History OF Annapolis. 323 

He was 37 years old. Mr. Kenny was studying Moral Theology, and 
would have been ordained the following Easter. Mr. Runge was just 
JSnishing his course of Philosophy. 

Search was actively and instantly instituted for the recovery of the 
bodies, which were eventually recovered ; and carried amidst a sorrow- 
ing city to the College, St. Mary's bell ringing a dirge as each suc- 
cessive corpse was recovered. 

This was the first accident of any kind that had ever occurred to 
the members of the Society of Redemptorist. This order was founded 
in Italy, November 9, 1792.. 



CHAPTER LXIV. 
Annapolis of the Present. 

In 1870, Annapolis had a population, exclusive of the Naval Academy, 
whose average is 500 inhabitants, of 5,744 ; in 1880, 6.643. 

The city has doubled its population since 1845, the date of the lo- 
cation of the Naval Academy at Annapolis. The pressing want of 
the city has been the establishment of manufactories. They have never 
flourished and the fine harbor of the city has been comparatively of 
little use. In 1885, the Annapolis Glass Works, situated at Horn 
Point, were finished, and are, at present, in successful operation. 

The opening of the summer resort. Bay Ridge, some five years since, 
attracted attention to Annapolis, and the building of the railroad 
from Annapolis to the resort, consummated in July, 1886, was the di- 
rect result of the inauguration of this popular excursion place. 

By the Annapolis and Baltimore Short Line Railroad, between 
the capital and the metropolis of the State, railroad communi- 
cation has been shortened one-third in one case, and in the other 
nearly one-half. This road gives promise of large advantage to 
Annapolis, in its traveling facihties, and in bringing to the attention 
of capitalists the magnificent harbor of Annapolis and its almost en- 
tire exemption from obstruction from ice in winter. The slow growth 
of Annapolis has been the constant gibe of the unthinking. The city, 
however, in late years has shown a spirit of improvement. In 1877, 
the lots in the rear of Market street to South street were placed on 
the market. They were sold with great rapidity and in the course of 
a year, over three hundred houses were built. This was largely due 
to the liberal spirit of the Workingmen's Building and Loan Associa- 
tion which, proving an exception to most associations of that charac- 
ter, made it possible for many to build homes for themselves who had 
no means otherwise. In 1879 and 1880, the houses on Prince George 
street, between Maryland and College Avenues were built, and also 
the fine residences of Mrs. Commodore Thornton and John U. Thomas,. 
Esq., on Maryland Avenne. 



324 < ' T H E A N C I E N T C I T Y . " 

The bridge over the Spa, connecting the village of Horn Point with 
Annapolis. "was built in 1868, and the one over College creek about 
the same period. In 1887, the citizens of Horn Point resolved to call 
their village Severn City. 

Annai)olis has telegraphic and telephonic facilities, gas, and fine 
water-works, and is noted as an excellent place of residence. Its 
chief disadvantage is a lack of opportunity to advance the financial 
interests of its residents. 

St. John's College affords unusual educational facilities, and the 
jtresence of the Naval Academy, the Court of Appeals of the State, 
and the Legislative Body induces an acquaintance with public affairs 
that is at once entertaining, improving, and valuable. 

Many of the inhabitants count Iheir progenitors, generation 
after generation, back to the earliest settlers of Providence. They yet 
emulate the manly qualities and heroic spirit of their sturdy ances- 
tors, untarnished by their bigotry and austerity. 

Ill December 10, 1872, the Taney Statue, located on the State House 
hill, was unveiled. The work was done by William Ri.iehart, a na- 
tive of Maryland. The presentation was made to the State, from the 
committee in charge, by S. T. WaUis. The oration, on the occasion 
in the Senate Chamber, was one of the most brilliant efforts of that 
golden-tongued (Orator . 

August 16, 1886, the DeKalb Statue was unveiled with imposing 
Masonic and Military ceremonies. The Statue was the work of 
Ephraim Keyser, a young Baltimore sculptor, and has met the l)esfc 
anticit»atioiis of the pu})lic. Mr. Keyser presented the statue to the 
United States, and Secretary of State, Thomas F. Bayard, received it 
in an eloquent address. Col. J. Thomas Scharf was orator and re- 
viewed the historic phase of DeKalb's career. 

'J'he State Museum, daily growing in importance, owes its concep- 
tion to a resident of Annapolis, Mr. Frank B. Mayer, who on Feb- 
ruary 19, 1885, in the Anne Arundel Advertiser, suggested its estab- 
lishment. Col. J. Thomas Scharf, Commissioner of Maryland at 
New Orleans, and Commissioner of the Land Office of Maryland, 
acted upon the suggestion, and when he returned from New Orleans, 
he placed the Maryland exhibits, that lielonged to the State, in one 
of the rooms of the Land Office. T» this nucleus an interested and 
patriotic people are constantly adding woods, minerals, and curiosi- 
ties. 

The New^spapers ok Annapolis. 

Tlie Maryland liepnhUcan is now the oldest. It v\'as established in 
1H09. Jehu Chandler was its first editor, followed by Jeremiah 
Hughes. He was succeeded in 1842 by Elihu S. Riley and Samuel 
Davis. Mr. Davis about 1856 sold his share to Absalom Ridgely, who 
died in 1858, and whose part was purchased by Elihu S. Riley. In 
1867, the liepuhUcan was purchased l)y George Colton and Elihu S. 
Riley, Jr. In 1867, the share of the junior partner was purchased 
by Mr. Colton, who yielded the publicatication about 1878, to his son, 
Luther F. Colton. After the latter's death, in 1885, the Repuhlicnn 
was sold to William S. Ridgely and George T. Melvin. In 1886, the 
new proprietors started a daily afternoon edition. 

The Even in// Capital, published Viy William M.Abbott, commenced 
in 1883 as a daily afternoon paper. 



History of Annapolis. 325 

The Maryland Gazette, established as the Annapolis Gazette, some 
years after the death of the original Gazette, is a weekly paper, puV)- 
lished by J. Guest King. . -^ -.o^u i 

The Anne Arundel Advertiser is a weekly, now in its l«th volume, 
and is published by the estate of William T. Iglehart. • , , 

The Record, a weekly, is printed by Elihu S. Riley. It was estab- 
lished in 1875. * . . ^.u 1 ^r 

In December, 1882, the question of prohibition of the sale of liquor 
was submitted to the votors of Anne Arundel county. A^nnapohs 
gave 550 of the 050 majority in favor of prohibition. At first some 
of the liquor dealers pioceededin a surreptitious manner to violate 
the law. The Court was severe in its sentences upon convicted 
violators of the law. The city, for eighteen months, became noted 
for its peace, good order, and sobriety. Then came the invention ot 
the system of incorporated clubs, by which, each member pleading his 
right to protection from criminating himself, the State was deprived 
of witnesses of the violations of law. The clubs increased and, ac- 
cording to the testimonv of those who spoke, as of knowledge, there 
was great debauchery in private. In public there were good order and 
peace ; on the criminal docket of the city there were few cases. In 
the three years of prohibition not one murder from drmk had been 
committed in the county. But the liquor men were on the alert and 
persuaded the people that the second evil of clubs was greater than 
the first, and promised an era of temperance and good order if the 
liquor saloons were allowed to be opened again. With their argu- 
ments of speech and silver, in April, 1886, Annapolis was induced to 
reverse, by over five hundred majority, the verdict of 18bb. The 
business of the city has not improved as was prophesied would >»e 
done under a return to license. 

In 1884, the Local Improvement Association of Annapolis was 
formed, F. B. Mayer, Presklent ; L. G. Gassaway, M. Ohver, and ( -. 
E. Munroe, Vice-Presidents : J. Wirt Randall, Secretary ; and .Junan 
Brewer, Treasurer. In the face of many discouragements, but with final 
success, the society aroused an interest in public improvement and 
directly, or indirectly, advanced and effected, such works as the 'Uty 
Circle," the planting of avenues of trees at St. John's College and 
marking the graves of the French Revolutionary dead, and the placing 
of shade trees in our streets, the formation of a continuous drive around 
our city by obtaining the building of the Back creek bridge, and project- 
ing the shore road to Bay Ridge, It has endeavored to obtain froin Con- 
gress the making of an avenue to connect the Government 2^ aval 
Cemetery with the Soldiers' Cemetery and the City, the establishment 
of a signal station, and a public building for Federal uses ; the adop- 
tion of a plan for future streets and avenues, and has suggested 
numerous other projects incidental to the objects of the association. 

Annapolis has been loath to give up its ancient ways. Lp to 18;)4, 
it had but two watchmen to patrol its streets at night, one of whom 
remains to tell, that like the beadles of old, he used to cry the hours 
of the night. There are hundreds who recollect the ringing of the 
curfew bell of St. Anne's at nine o'clock when well-regulated youths 
hastily left their plays and scampered off to the parental roof. 

The town is not dead. It has only slept. Thirty years ago there 
" as but one house on the north side of Prince George street from Col- 



32G "TheAncient City." 

lege avenue to East street, and from Prince George street to Hanover, 
on Maryland avenue, there were but three houses. The intervening lots 
afforded fiue and convenient hunting grounds. 

The earthquake of the 31st of August, 1886, so disastrous to Char- 
leston, S. C, was experienced in Annapolis and vicinity. The feel- 
ings excited were those of surprise rather than of alarm. Chairs rock- 
ed and houses trembled, but no damage was done. 

In closing the annals of the Ancient City, the review of the labors 
incident to the work is a pleasant retrospection. Removing the 
mouldy dust from crumbling records, touching the inner webs of outer 
woofs, lifting up that which had fallen from its place in the chronicles 
of a city, have brought the writer so close to the men who made the 
history of a capital, guided the destinies of a State, and helped to 
build a nation, that he has seen them act again the drama of their 
day, heard the intonations of their voice, well-nigh fathomed the secret 
springs of their thought and action. 

In breathing upon these dry bones of fact, the writer has found his 
chief recompense in seeing that "the breath came into them, and they 
lived, and stood upon their feet, an exceeding great army." 



History OF Annapolis. 327 



APPENDIX 



-:o:- 



ABRIDGEM:ENT op father AXDREW WHITE'S JOURXAL.'* 

(:o:) 

^'A Report of the, Colony of Lord Baron of Baltimore., in Maryland ^ 

mar Vlrfjinia,, 1,71 irhirh fhp (pi.ali.fy. nahtra, and condlHon of the 

country and >,fs niayiy ad.van^ayex and riches are described. 

"There is a province near the English coloay in Vir.f^inia, which, in 
honour of Maria his queen, his majesty the king of England wished to 
be called Maryland, or the land of Mary. 

•'This province his majesty, in his munificence, presented to the 
lord Baron of Baltimore, in the month of June, 1833. This distin- 
guished nobleman immediately resolved to settle a colony, with the 
particular intention of establishhig the religion of the gospel and 
truth in that and in the neighbouring country, where, as yet, the 
knowledge of the trne God had never existed. He was encouraged 
in his enterprize by the favourable account of the country left by his 
worthy father, whose testimony, founded upon actnal observation, 
was worthy of the utmost confi<lence, and was corroborated ])y the 
reports of others who had visited the same region, as well as by the 
published narrative of captain Smith, who first described it." After 
alluding to the liberal conditions of settlement proposed by Lord 
Baltimore, Father White continues : 

"The interests of religion constituted one of the first objects of 
Lord Baltimore, an object worthy indeed of Christians, of angels, of 
Englishmen ; than which, in all her ancient victories, Britian never 
achieved any thing more honourable. 

"Behold those regions waiting for the harvest. They are prepared 
to receive the fruitful seed of the gospel. Messengers have been sent 
to procure suitable persons to preach the life-giving doctrine, and 
regenerate the natives in the sacred waters of baptism. They are 
those now living in this city, (St. Mary's) who saw ambassadors from 
the Indian nations to Jamestown in Virginia, sent there for the pur- 
pose of effecting these objects. May we not suppose that many 
thousands were brought into the fold of Christ in so glorious a work.' 

After a glowing and minute description of th'^ country, with its 
trees, fruits, and other productions, its rivers and the various kinds 
of fish, he proceeds to give the 

"narrative of the voyage to MARYLAND. 

"On the 22d of November, being St. Caecilia's day, under the gentle 
•influence of an eastern wind, we dropped down from the Isle of 
Wight. 

"Having placed our ship under the protection of Grod, the Blessed 
Virgin Mother, St. Ignatius, and all the guardian angels of Mary 

♦ Ridgely's Annals of Annapolis, p. IS to 82. 



328 * 'The Ancient City. " 

land, we had progresped but a short distance, when we wore obliged 
for the waut of wird, to cast anchor olf the fortress of Yarmouth, 
where we were welcomed by a salute. While lying here wo were not 
without some apprehensions from our sailors, who began to nmrmur 
among themselves, alleging that they expected a messenrer from 
land with letters : and because none arrived, they seem disposed to 
create delays. A kind providence put an end to our fears : for dur- 
ing the night a strong but favourable wind sprang up, and our pin- 
nace, * which apprehended an attack from a French brig, that kept 
within a short distance of her, took advantt-ge of the wind and put to 
sea. We, not willing to lose sight of her. followed her with all 
speed, and thus frustrated the evil designs of our sailors; this wason the 
night of St. Clement's day, 23d of November. On the next morningt 
about 10 o'clock, after receiving a srcoi:d salute from the fort at 
Hurst, we were carried beyond the breakers at the extremity of the 
Isle of Wight, and narrowly escaped l;eing driven on shore. Taking 
advantage of a strong fair wind on that day and the next night, we 
left the western point of England, slacking sail, lest running ahead 
of the pinnace, she might fall into the hands of the pirates and Turks 
who then iufei: ted these seas. On the 24th of November, we made 
great headway until evening, when a violent storm arose, and our 
sloop being diffident of its strength, being only of 40 tons burden, 
hove to, and informed us that in cai-e of danger, she would carry 
lights at her mast-head. We were in a well built ship t of 400 tons. 
as strong as iron and wood cor Id make her, and our captain was one 
of great experience. The storm was so violent that we gave him the 
choice of returning to England or pursuing the voyage. His in- 
trepidity and confidence in the untried powers of his sliiii, induced 
him to choose the latter. But in the middle of the night, in a boiling 
sea, we saw our sloop at a short distance from us, showing two lights 
at her mast-head. Then, indeed, did we fear for her, and on loosing 
sight of her we all supposed she had been swallowed up in the stormy 
sea. Six weeks elapsed before we again heard from her. But God 
had preserved her. Fearing that she could not survive the storm, 
she changed her course, and took refuge in the Scilly Isles. She 
afte wards sailed in pursuit of us, and we^niet at the Antilles. On the 
27th and 2sth, we made but little progress. On Friday 29th. a most 
dreadful storm arose, that made the most fearless men tremble for 
the result. Among the Catholics, however, it made prayer more 
frequent, vows were offered in honour of the B. V. Mother.* and her 
immaculate conception, of St. Ignatius, the patron Saint of Mary- 
land, St. Michael and all the guardian angels. Each one prayed 
earnestly to expiate his sins through the sacrament of penance. For, 
having unshipped her rudder, our vessel was tossed about at the 
mercy of the winds and waves. At first, I feared that the loss of our 
ship and death awaited me, but, after spending some time in prayer 
and having declared to the Lord Jesus, and to his Holy Mother, St. 
Ignatius, and the protecting Angels of Maryland, that the purpose 
of this voyage was to pay honour to the blood of our Redeemer, by 
the conversion of barbarians, I arose \nth a firm confidence that 
through the mercy- and goodness of God, we should escape the dan- 

* Th(- pitiiiHce appt'^rs to have beou a sloop of forty tons, and was ca'.led 
•♦The Dove." 
t 'The Ark.' 



History OF Annapolis. 329* 

gers that seemed to threaten our destnictiou. I bad bowed myself 
down in prryer, during the greatest rage of the tempest, and, let the 
true God be glorified ! Scarcely had 1 finished, before the storm was 
ceasing. 

"I felt myself imbued with a new spirit, and overspread with a- 
flood of joy and admiration at the berevolence of God to the people 
of Maryland, to whom we were sent. Bh-sped forever be the merci- 
ful charities of our dear Redeemer. The remainder of the voyage, 
which lasted thiee months, was prosperous ; our captain affirmed that 
he never witnessed a more pleasar.t and happy one. The i)eriod o£ 
three months hicluded the time we spent at the islands of the Antilles, 
but we were in fact only seven weeks and two days at sea. 

"In sailing along the Spanish coast we were apprehensive of falling 
into the hands of the Turks, but we never met them. Having passed 
the pillars of Hercules and the Madeira islands, we were able to scud 
before the wind with full sail. The winds are not variable in those 
regions, but always blow in a southwest direction, which was our 
exact course. At the distance of about three leagues from us we 
described three sail of vessels, the smallest of which appeared to be 
larger than ours. Fearing they were Turkish pirates we were careful 
to avoia them, though we prepared our vessel for action. But as 
they showed no disposition to engage us, we concluded they were 
merchantmen, bound for the f®rtunate islands, and as much afraid of 
us as we were of them." 

Father White, after som.e philosophical reasoning to account for 
the trade winds, some interesting descriptions of the tropical birds, 
and the flying fish, &c., (S:c., seen on their passage, remarks that, 
"during the entire voyage no person was attacked with any disease 
except that at Christmas, wine having been freely distributed in 
honour of that festival, several drank of it immoderately ; thirty per- 
sons were seized with a fever the next morning, of whom about 
twelve died shortly after ; of these two were Catholics, namely, 
Nicholas Fairfax and James Barefoot." 

The route taken by the pilgrims is described to have been I'V the 
Azores, and to Barladoes, at which latter island they landed on the 
5th of January, 1634, new style. Instead of the hospitable reception 
which they expected from the governor and inhabitans, who were 
English, Father White says, "the governor and inhabitants plotted 
together to exact unreasonable prices for provisions and other neces- 
sary supplies." Fiom the great abundance of potatoes in the island 
they received a wagon load gratis. At the time of the arrival of our 
pilgrims the slaves had rebelled, and determined to seize the first 
vessel that should arrive, but being discovered, the ringleaders were 
executed; and, says the narrator, "our vessel being the first that 
touched the shore, was the destined prize, and the very day we landed 
we found eighty men under arms, to check the startling danger." 

After describing the island of Barbadoes and its productions, the 
writer says, "on the 24th of January we weighed anchor, and passing 
the islands of St. Lucia at noon on the following day, we arrived in 
the evening at an island inhabited by savages only. A rumour had. 
been caught by our sailors, from some Frenchmen who had been 
shipwrecked, that this island contained an animal in whose forehead 
was a stone of uncommon brilliancy, called a carbuncle," Father 



^30 *'The Ancient City." 

White dryly remarks, "its author must answer for the truth of this 
report." At dawn on the following day they reached Gradaloupe, 
and at noon arrived at Montserrat, inhabited by Irishmen driven 
from VirLcinia, on account of their profession of the Catholic faith. 

Thence they sailed to another inland, where they spent one day ; 
thence to St.* Christophers, where they remained ten days, by the 
friendly invitation of the En^^lish 2:overnraent and two captains, "who 
were Catholics." The governor of a French colony in th^ same 
island also welcomed them warmly. Father White continues : 
"having at length weighed anchor hence, we pursued our voyage until 
we reached a point on the coast of Virginia, called 'Comfort,' on the 
27th of February. We were under a good deal of dread from the 
unfriendliness of the English inhabitants of Virginia, to whom our 
colony had been an unwelcome theme. Webrousfht, however, letters 
from the king and the high constable of England to the governor of 
the province, which contributed very much to appease their feelings, 
and to procure us future advantages. After receiving kind treat- 
ment for nine or ten days we set sail, and on the 3d of March, 
having arrived in the Chesapeake bay, we tacked to the north to 
reach the Potomac river, to which we gave the name of St. Gregory. 
We called the point which stands on the sonth St. Gregory, * that on 
the north of St. Michael, t in honour of the choir of angels. A 
larger and more beautifnl stream I never have seen. The Thames 
compared with it is but a rivulet. Bounding on the sides by no 
marshes, it runs between solid and rising banks. On either side are 
splendid forests, not overgrown by weeds or briars ; you might drive 
a four-horse carriage, with the reins loose in your hands, through 
them. We found the natives armed at the very mouth of the river. 
That night fires were blazing throughout the country, and as they 
had never seen so large a ship as ours, messengers were sent around 
to announce the arrival of a canof, as large as an island, and number- 
ing as many men as the trees in a forest. We passed on to the 
Heron Islands, so called from immense flocks of those birds. We 
touched at the first of them, which we called St. Clements, on which 
owing to its sloping banks, Ave could only land by fording. Here the 
maids who had landed to wash the clothes, were almost drowned by 
the upsetting of the boat. I lost a larofe portion of my linen — no 
small loss in this part of the world. This island abounds in cedar 
trees, sassafras, and all those herbs and flowers entering into the class 
of salads, and the walnut tree with a heavy shell, and a small but 
very delicious kernel. A scope of four hundred acres did not appear 
sufficient for our new plantation. We desired a place which might 
preclude the commerce of the river to strangers, and also the possi- 
bility of their infringing on our boundaries. This was the most nar- 
row crossing of the river. 

"On the day of the annunciation of the B. V. Mary, (25th of 
March.) we first offered the sacrifice of the mass, never liefore in this 
region of the world. After which, having raised on our shcnilders an 
immense cross, which we had fashioned from a tree, and going in pro- 
<»ession to the designated spot, assisted by the governor, * commis- 
sary, and other Catholics, we erected the trophy of Christ the Saviour, 
■and humbly bent the knee in reverence during the devout recita tion. 
• Smith's Point. \ Point Lookout. "^ 

* Leonard Calvert. 



History OP Annapolis. 331 

of the litany of the holy cross. Our governor, however, havino" 
understood that the great chief of Piscataway was obeyed by many 
petty chiefs, determined to visit him, to explain the objects of our 
coming ; that having conciliated his good will, our settlement might 
be more favourably regarded by the rest. Havincr, therefore, joined 
to onr pinnace another, which he had procured in Virginia, and leav- 
ing the ship at anchor oif St. Clements, retracing his course, he sailed 
up the southern bank of the river. Finding the savages had fled 
into the interior, he proceeded to the villaf,^e,^which, taking its name 
from the river, is yet called Potomac. Here he found Archihu, the 
uncle and tutor of tlie king, who was yet a boy. The regency was in 
prudent and experienced hands. Father Althara, who accompanied 
the governor, (for I was detained with the baggage,) explained, by 
means of an interpreter, the truths of the Christian religion. The 
chief listened to him willingly, after acknowledging his own faults. 
Being informed that no hostile motives had brought us among them*, 
but that feelings of benevolence prompt us to impart to theraT:he ad- 
vantages of civilization, and to open the path of Heaven to them, 
and to the more distant regions, he expressed himself not only well 
satisfied, but very grateful at our arrival. The interpreter was from 
the Protestants of Virginia. As the Father could not explain every 
thing at once, he promised to return in a short time. 'I thiuk,' said 
Archihu, 'that we should all eat of the same table ; my young men 
will visit the hunting grounds for you, and all things shalfbe in 
common with us.' From hence we went to Piscataway, where all 
-immediately flew to arms. About one hundred, armed with bows, 
were drawn up with their chief at their head. On learnino- our 
pacific intentions, laying aside his fears, the chief s':epped into the 
pinnace, and on understanding our benevolent views in their regard, 
gave us liberty to settle in any part of his kingdom we rai.^ht select! 
In the meantime, while tha governor was on his journey to the 
emperor, the savages of St. Clements becoraining more bold, mixed 
familiarly with our sentries. We were accustomed to keep up a 
patrol day and night, to protect our wood-cutters, and our vessel, 
which was now undergoing repairs, from any sudden attack. The 
natives expressed their surprise at the size of oar vessel, and wondered 
what part of the earth produced a tree large enouo:h to make such a 
boat ; for they thought that it, hke an Indian canoe, was hewn out 
of the trunk of a single tree. The report of our cannon struck them 
dumb with fear. 

"In bis visit to the emperor, our governor carried with him as a 
companion, one Henry Fleet, a captain among the settlers in Vir- 
ginia, a man much beloved by the natives, and skilled in the know- 
ledge of their language and settlements. In the beginning he was 
very obliging to us, but being seduced by the malicious counsels of a 
certain Claibone, he became very hostile, j^nd, in the most artful man- 
ner, inflamed the minds of the natives against us. However, while he 
was our friend, he pointed out to our governor a suitable place for a 
settlement, than which a more heavenly and lovely spot Europe 
could not furnish. Having proceeded from St. Clements about nine 
leagues to the north, we glided into the mouth of a river, to which 
we gave the name of St. George.* This river flows from south to 
* Xow called St. Mary's river. 



332 * 'The AnciexNt City." 

north about twGLty miles before it loses, like the Thames, the salt 
water laste. In its month are two harbours, in which three hundred 
ships of the line could ride at anchor. We placed one of them under the 
protection of St. George, the other, more interior, imder that of the 
B. V. Mary.' f 

t! "On the left side of the river was ine settlement of Yaocomico. 
We ascended on the right side, and having halted about a thousand 
paces from the shore, we selected a site for the city, to be desijjiiated 
by the i.-ame of St. Maiy. And to avoid all imputation of injury and 
occasion of enmity, having given in payment hatchets, axes, hoes, and 
some yards of cloth, we bought from the king about thirty miles of 
that part of the country now calkd Augusta Caroline. * 

"A fierce and warlike nation of savages called the Susquehannahs, 
particularly hostile to king Yaocomico, made frequent incursions into 
his territory and devastated his settlem.ents. The inhaiiitants, 
through fear of these savages, were forced to seek other homes. 
This was the cause of our having so promptly obtained [)Ossession of 
that part of his kingdom : God, in his goodness, opening a path for 
his law and eternal light by these means. The natives emigrate here 
and there daily, leaving behind them the fields and clearings^that sur- 
rounded their homes. It amounts almost to a miracle that savages, 
who but a few days before arrayed themselves in arms agamst us, 
should now with the meekness of the lamb throw themselves on our 
mercy, and deliver up every thing to us. Here the finger of God is 
evident, and doubtless Providence has some good in store for this 
nation. A few have been permitted to retain their dwelhngs for one 
year, but the lands are to be delivered free into our hands the next 
year. 

"The natives are tall and handsome in their persons, their skin is 
naturally of a copper colour, but they daub it over with red paint 
mixed with oil, to protect them from the flies. J This practice, which 
is decidedly more of a convenience than an ornament, gives them a 
hideous appearance. They daub their faces with other colours, at 
one time sky blue, at another red, and occasionally in the most dis- 
gusting and terrific manner. Being deficient in beard, at least until 
late in life, they draw painted lines from the corners of their mouths 
to the ears, in imitation of it. The hair, which is generally black, is 
tied around with a fillet, and drawn in a knot to the left ear, with 
the addition of any ornament in their possession which they consider 
valuable. Some wear as an ornament a copper jjlate with 'the figure 
of fish engraved upon it, placed upon the forehead. Others wear 
necklaces of glass beads ; beads are esteemed of less value ly thei"> 
and do not answer the purposes of traffic so readily. They are 
dressed generally in deer skins, or something of that nature, which 
hangs from the back in the fathion of a palhum, and is bound roui^l 
the navelhke an apron, the rest of the body is naked. Boys a»^^ 
girls move about perfectly uncovered ; they tread on thorns and 
thistles, without sustaining injury, as if the soles of their feet wer*^ 
horn. Their arms are the bow and arrow, two cubits long, pointe^^- 

t This h«rV 01 must be either the nioiiih o! what i^^csiiled 8t. Georee'? 
river, or the entrauoe to St. IiiJKce's oreek. 
* Now St. Mary's county. 
i Mo&chettoes. 



History of Anna po lis. 333 

^it>i a piece of buckhoru, or sharp edged flint. They shoot these 
^^ith such dexterity, as to transfix a sparrow at a considerable dis- 
tance. Their bows are noc very tio:htly strung, and they are unable 
to strike objects at a very .great distance. By the use of these arms, 
however, they secure a sufficient quantity of food, as squirrels, par- 
tridges, turkeys, &c., of which there is a great abundance. They 
live in huts of an oblong and oval form, ni^ie or ten feet high ; an 
opening of a foot and a half in size, through the rool, admits light 
find allows the smoke to escape. They construct a fire on a pave- 
ment in the centre, and sl^p in a circle around it. The kLtgs and 
principal chiefs have each a hut of his own, and a bed m:ide by driv- 
ing' four stakes in the ground and laying poles over them. A tent of 
th.1^ description is allotted to my companion and myself, in wliich we 
are comfortablv enough accommodated until a better house can be 
erected. Tltismay U considered fhe fir.sf chapel in 3Ianjland; it is, 
however, furnislied in a more becoming manner than when it was in- 
habited by the Indians. In our next voyage, should Providence 
«smile on our undertaking, we shall be supplied with all that is neces- 
^rv for f urnifliiug houses generally. The disposition of the tribe is 
sprV'htlv and ingenious : their taste is very discriminating, and they 
excel the Europeans in the ?enses of sight and smell. Their food 
consists of certain preparations of corn, which they call jwne and 
oftiinxh to which is added fish and any thing that they have caught 
in hunting or in their snares. They have nei+her wine nor spirits, 
noT- can they be easilv induced to taste them, except such as the Eng- 
lish have infected with their vices. As to their deportment, it is ex- 
tremelv modest and proper. In neither male nor female have I seen 
any action contrary to chastity. They come voluntarily and mingle 
th us daily, offering us, with a joyful countenance, what they have 
u'^-ht in huntin,-^ or" fishing, and partaking of our food with us, when 
dtdd bv a few words in their language. As yet we are able to con- 
verge with them verv little except by signs. Many of them have 
wives and preserve their conjugal faith unsullied. The countenances 
of the' women are sedate and modest. The natives seemed possessed 
of o-encrous dspositions, and reciprocate liberally any acts of kind- 
nes'^ They decide on nothing rashly, nor are they affected by any 
sudden impulses of feelinsr ; but when any tiling of importance is sub- 
mitted to their consideration, they reflect on it in silence, as if 
anxious to be governed entirely by reason : then having formed their 
determination, thev express it briefly, and adhere to it most obsti- 
nately. If tliey were once imbued with the principles of Christianity 
(for wiiich indeed nothing seems to be wanting but a knowledge of 
their Luuruage) they would certainly become examples of every moral 
and Christian virtue. 

"Thev are much pleased with the courteous language, as well as 
the dress of the Europeans, and would now be clothed in our manner, 
if the avarice of our traders did not prevent it. Our ignorance of 
their idioms has hitherto prevented us from learning accurately their 
opinions on religion. We have, however, through the aid of inter- 
iireters not always to be relied on.) caught these particulars: 
They acknowledge one God of heaven, whom they call our God. They 
]iav him no external honours, but endeavour iu vavious ways, to pro- 
pi tit*tte a certain evil spirit whom they call Ochre, that he may not 



wi 

cau 
inv 



334 '*The Ancient City." 

injure them. I understand they worship also grain and fire, as deities 
very benevolent to mankind. Some of our men say they saw ihc follow- 
ing ceremony in the temple Barduxeyi. On a certain day, -,11 the 
men and women of all ages, from many villages, assemble" around a 
large fire ; the younger ones are in advance, nearer the lire ; then 
having thrown some deer's fat on the fire, they raise their hands 
aloft and cry out with a loud voice, 'Taho, Taho !' Daring an 
interval, some one holds out a large bag, which contains a pipe, 
similar to those we use for smoking tobacco, though much larger, and 
some powder which they call potu. The bag is then carried'around 
the fire, followed by boys and girls shiging alternately in an agree- 
able voice, 'Taho, Taho.' The circuit being finished, the pipe and 
the powder are drawn out of the bag. The potu being distributed to 
each one standing around, and lighted in the pipe, eacli person 
present smokes it, and consecrates every member of the body by 
blowing it over them. We are not in possession of other facts, ex- 
cept that they seem to have some knowledge of a flood in which the 
world was destroyed, on account of the sins of mankind. 

"We have been but one month here: the remainder must conse- 
quently be reserved for another voyage. I can, however, assert that 
the soil is especially rich. The earth, soft and black to the depth of 
a foot, is overspread with a fat and reddish coloured clay, covered 
everywhere with widely spreading trees, of great value and surpass- 
ing beauty, except here and there a small patch of cultivated ground. 
The land is also refreshed by abundant springs of excellent drinking 
water. The only quadrupeds we have seen, are the deer, beaver, 
and squirrels which equal in size the European rabbit. The flocks 
of birds are innumerable, such as eagles, herons, swans, geese, ducks, 
and partridges. Hence, you may suppose there is notMng wanting 
here which may minister to the necessities or the pleasure of its in- 
habitants." 

The town of Saint Mary's became the capital of the province ; and 
the first legislative assembly of the province was called and held there, 
about the commencement of the year 1635 — (to wit, on the 26th of 
February, 1634—5, old style.) 



THE CHARTER 

OF THE 

CITY OF ANNAPOLIS. 

AS NOW EMBODIED IN ARTICLE TWO OF THE CODE 
OF PUBLIC LOCAL LAWS OF MARYMAND, 
TITLE ANNE ARUNDEL COUNTY, SUB- 
TITLE, ANNArOLIS.* 
Sec. 30. The boundaries of the City of Annapolis shall be follows: 
Beginning at the water's edge at Windmill Point; thence by a 
* From the Revised Code, 1881. 



History of Annapolis. 335' 

straight line to Sycamore Point; and thence again by a straight line 
from Sycamore Point to the wharf at Fort Madison; and thence by a 
drawn line from the wharf at Fort Madison, to the south wall of the 
Naval Academy, at the eastern terminus of Hanover street, and fol- 
lowing the present enclosures of the Xaval Academy to the Severn 
River, at the north-eastern terminus of Tabernacle street; thence along- 
the south shore of said river and College Creek, to the head of said creek; 
thence by a stright line from the head of said creek, to the head of 
Acton's Cove on Spa Creek; and thence following the northeast of 
said creek to the place of beginning; and the said city shall be divided 
into three wards by the Corporation of said city, and the citizens of 
Annapolis, qualified to vote for members of the General Assembly of 
Maryland, shall, on the second Monday of July, in the year eighteen 
hundred and seventy-seven, and every two years thereafter, elect by 
ballot, a Mayor, Counsellor, and the voters in each ward shall at the 
same time elect by ballot two residents thereof as Aldermen, who 
shall constitute the Corporation of said city, under the name and 
style of the Mayor. Counsellor, and Aldermen of the City of Annapolis. 

Sec. 31. The Corporation shall appoint three persons judges of 
said election, any two of whom shall be competent to hold such 
election, and shall also appoint the necessary clerks of said election, 
and the judges and clerks shall qualify in the same manner as judges 
and clerks of elections are required by law to qualify, and shall in 
the execution of their respective duties, and in the manner of con- 
ducting elections, conform in every respect to the provisions of Article 
thirty-five of the Code, and shall be subject to the same penalties as 
other judges and clerks of elections in this State. 

Sec. 32. The Mayor, Counsellor, and Aldermen shall designate 
the place of holding elections, and the polls shall be kept open from 
nine o'clock in the morning until six o'clock in the evening, and the 
returns shall be made to the Mayor, Counsellor, and Aldermen, and 
recorded among their proceedings. 

Sec. 38, All persons, qualified to be members of the General Assem- 
bly, shall he eligible as Mayor, Counsellor and Aldermen. 

Sec. 34. In case of the death, refusal to serve, disquahfication or 
removal out of the City of any of the members of the Corporation, 
a majority of the remaining members shall fill the vacancy for the • 
residue of iiie term.* 

Sec. 30. The Mayor shall qualify as directed by section six of 
article sixty-eight of the Code; the Aldermen, Counsellor, and judges 
and clerks of elections, and all other officers of the City, shall, before 
they enter upon the duties of their respective offices, take and sub- 
scribe before the Mayor the following oath : "I do solemnly swear 

that J will faithfully execute the office of to the best of my 

knowledge and ability, without favor, aiiection, or partiality." 

Sec. 37. The Mayor, Counsellor, and Aldermen shall hold their 
first session in Annapolis on the second Monday in April, and shall 
meet on the second Monday in each month thereafter, but the Mayor 
may summon them to convene whenever and as often as it may ap- 
pear to him that the interests of the City require their deliberations, 
and a majority of the whole Board shall be a quorum to do business, 
but a smaller number may adjourn from day to day. 

* By Act oi: ISuT, c. 240, t-ecs. 34 and 35 were repealttl, and the preeent sec. 34- 
enacted in lieu of both. 



3:J6 "The Ancient City.'* 

Sec. 38. They may compel the attendance of absent members in 
such manner and under such penalties as they may by oidinance 
provide; shall settle their rules of proceedings; appoint their own 
officers and remove them at pleasure. 

Sec. 39. They shall judge of the election returns and qualifications 
of their own members, and may. with the concurrence of their whole 
number, expel any member for disorderly behavior or miscoi.duct in 
office, but not a second time for the same cause. 

Sec. 40. The Mayor. Counsellor, and Aldermen shall have ]X)wer 
to enact all laws and ortlinances necessary to preserve the health of 
the City; to prevent and remove nuisances; to prevent the intro- 
duction of contagious diseases within the City; to estabhsh night 
watchos and patrols: to light the City; to establish new streets, lanes, 
Hud alleys, and to widen, straighten, extend, stop up, or discontinue 
any streets, lanes, and alleys; and when any street, line, or alley is 
oitened. widened, straightened, extended, stopped up or discontinued 
by the Corporation, the full value of all property taken and used for 
public street, lane, or alley, or damages to be sustained in closing the 
same, shall be assessed by a jury of twelve citizens, and the said full 
value so assessed first i)aid or tendered to the proprietor of said 
property; and if. in opening, widening, straightening or extending 
any street, lane or alley in said city, any benefit shall thereby accrue 
to the owiier or possessor of any ground or improvement, within or 
upon said street, lane, or alley, for which such owner or i>ossessor 
ought to p:iy compensation, said benefits shall be assessed and paid by 
the ow.ier or possessor in like manner as above provided; to erect and 
repair In-idges; to have, construct, and keep in repair all necessary 
drains and sewers, and to pass all necessary regulations for the regu- 
lation, repair, and preservation of the same: to regulate and fix the 
assize of bread; to provide f >r the appointment, and define the duties 
of City Commissioner. Police Officers. iMarket Masters, Gangers, 
Wood Corders, Harbor Masters. May Weighers, Coal Weighers, and 
liispectors, and all other officers which they may create, and to de- 
fine the cluties and compensation thereof; to provide for the safe keep- 
ing of ^he standard of the weights and measures, fixad by Congress, 
or by an Act of the State of Maryland, and for regulating thereby all 
weights and measures used within the City; to regulate [)arty walls 
and partition fences; to erect and regulate markets; to i)rovide for 
licensing and regulating the sweeping and Inirning of chimneys, and 
fixing the rates theieot. and to prescribe the size of those to be built 
in the City; to establish and regulate fire war.ls and fire companies; 
to rL'Strain or prohibit gaming; to license bowling saloons, bowling 
alleys, nine or ten pin alleys, i)illiard tables, rondo tables, bagatelle 
tables, or any other tables or devices, or structures of a similar kina; 
to lice.ise carriages of pleasure and burden, and to provide for licens- 
ing, regulating, or restraining theatrical or other j)ublic anuisements 
within the limits of the City; to license hawkers, j)edlers. travelling 
physicians, venders of patent medicines or other articles, and their 
vehicle.', to sink wells: to make and regulate pumps, water pipes, 
hydrants, water plugs, fountains, sewers, and so forth, in the streets, 
bmes, and alleys of the City, and to pass laws t 'protect the same: to 
impose and appropriate fines, penalties a'.id f(.-»i-feitnres for the breach 
of their bv-laws and ordinances; to levy and collect taxes; not ex- 



History op Annapolis. 337 

ceeding cue per centum per annum on all the assessabl e property in 
the City; to pass ordinances for the prevention and extinguishment of 
fires; and for paving and keeping in repair the streets, lanes, and 
alleys in said city; and in addition to the power aforesaid, to tax any 
particular part or district of the City for pavin^^ the streets, lanes 
and alleys therein, or for constructing sewers, sinking wells, making 
pumps, water pipes, fountains, hydrants and water plugs therein, 
which in their judgment may appear for the benefit of such particular 
part or district, in a sum not exceeding one per centum on tlie asses- 
sable property in said particular part oi* district; and to make a new 
assessment ot all the assessable property in said city not exempt from 
taxation by the laws of this State, as often as they may deem the same 
necessary; to borrow money on the credit of the Corporation for the 
purpose of promoting or effecting any important and permanent pub- 
lic improvement in the City, or for paying its present delfts; and to 
issue from time to time, as they may deem proper, the bonds of the 
said Mayor, Counsellor and Aldermen, payable at such times and in 
such sums as may deem proper, not exceeding in the aggregation the 
sum of fifty thousand dollars, and to pledge their pronerty for the 
payment thereof, and thr^ interest thereon; provided, however, that a 
majority of the legal voter.- shall approve the act at an election to be 
held on a day at a place to be named by the Mayor, Counsellor, and 
Aldermen of the City of Annapolis, when the legal voters oi said eity 
shall express by ballot their assent or dissent to the locn proposed; 
and provided, that th? entire public debt of said city shall not exceed 
the sum of fifty thousand dollars; to provide for taking up,, fining or 
committing to the jail of Anne Arundel county, all Aagrants, 
drunken, loose and disorderly persons and such as hav-^ ::o visible 
means of support and livelihood, and common disturbers o:: the peace^ 
that may be found within the jurisdiction of the City, and tne keeper 
of said jail shall receive and ^ ;.ie keep all persons so comn:itted, ac- 
cording to the tenor of the commitment; to cause a survey, :.s often as 
they may think necessary, of the City, itsharljor, streets, lots, and the 
additions thereto to bs'made; to establish and fix permar.ent boun- 
daries and stones at such places as they may think necessary, with 
proper marks and devices thereon; to ascertain the lines o:' the City 
and the additions thereto; and the survey of the said city and ad- 
ditions thereto, and of the streets, lanes, alleys, and harlior thereof, 
when made shall be signed ])y the Mayor, and the seal of the Corpor- 
ation thereto afiixed, and shall be deposited with the C4erk of the 
Corporation of the City, and received as evidence of the boundawes of 
the said city, and of the harbor, lots, streets, lanes, and alleys therein; 
to declare and adjudge as nuisances any encroachments on the streets, 
lanes, and alleys, and cause the same to be removed at the expense of 
the persoji oh'ending; to lay off and divide the City into election dis- 
tricts, and to define their bounds and limits, and correct the same 
from time to time, so as to preserve as accurately as may be an equal 
number of inhabitants in each of said districts, and to designate 
places for taking the vote at all elections to be held in each of said 
districts; to prevent the running at large of dogs, and to impose an 
annual tax on the owners and keepers thereof in the City not exceed- 
ing five dollars; to restrain or prohibit the running at large of horses. 



838 < ' T H E A N CI E N T C I T Y . " 

COWS, ubeep, p:o;ils, or other aninmls; to direct in what parts of the 
Oity biiiidings of wood shall not he erected, and to regulate the cou- 
struction of thes;ime; to pass ordinances for preserving order, secur- 
ing i)er?cns and property from violence, danger or destruction; for 
protcctirLT the puldic and city property, rights and privileges from 
waste 01 v.croachnient, and generally for promoting and securing the 
good j.-:\tnimeut of the City. 

Sec. 41. Before the Mayor, Counsellor, and Aldermen of the City 
of An'if'[ olis shall nass any ordinance to open, widen, straighten, ex- 
tend. <toi> up, or discontinue any streets, lanes, or alleys, or any part 
thereof, ivx pursuance of the authority herein delegated, at least thirty 
days' notice shall i)e given before the })assage of such ordinance, in 
some newspaper or newspapers i)ublished in said city, and l)efore any 
street, lane, or alley shall be so opened, strightened, extended, stopped 
up ordlscoutinued^ in whole or in part, the proprietors of lots or any 
])art or section of the streets, lanes, and alleys so to be opened, 
widened, straightened, extended, stopped up, or discontinued, iu 
wholr: 01' h\ part, whose proi)erty will be depreciated by the act of the 
Corporation, may r.pply to any Justice of the Peace in said city, who 
is hereby empowered, upon an affidavit of facts, to summon a jury of 
twelve citizens, whose duty it shall be to examine the premises and 
assess ti.e damages sustained by the complainant; the full value of 
such assessment shall be paid or tendered to the complaimuit, as 
hereinljeiore provided, before the final execution of such ordinance, 
and any Justice of the Peace shall have the same power to summon a 
jury for the assessment of benefits. 

Sec. 42.* They shall keep a journal of their proceedings, and enter 
the yeas and nays upon any question, resolve or ordiuance, if required 
hj any one member, and their deliberations shall be public. 

►Sec', ioj- The Mayor, Counsellor, and Aldermen may repair any 
private vv'harves belonging to j)ersons who shall refuse, after two 
month's notice, to repair the same, and they may receive the wharf- 
age cf such wharves until such repairs are paid for, or until the 
owners thereof shall pay the same. 

Sec. 49. The Mayor may take the acknowledgment of any deed 
or instrnment of writing required to be ackowledged, and receive 
therefore the sum of fifty cents ; all by-laws and ordinances of the 
said Corporation shall be signed by the Mayoa ; the Mayor shall dur- 
ing the first ten days in the month of January of each and every year, 
cause to ie prepared and printed, lor the iulormation of the citizens, 
a statement of the finances of the said Corporation ; he may call upon 
any oirieerci: the City, entrusted with the receipt and expenditure of 
pubhc money, for a statement of his accounts, as often as he may 
deem it necessary ; he shall see that the ordinances are duly and faith- 
fully executed. 

Sec. ."^O. They may appoint from time to time, at such periods as 
they deem most proper and convenient, certain persons as Wardens 
of the Port of the City of Annapolis, nor more than five in number, 
who shall be removed at their pleasure. 

Sec. 51. The persons so appointed shall, each, take the following 
oath : "I, A. B., do swear that I will discharge the trust of Warden 
• The ovigiual Sections 4^. l.S, 41, 15, Irt, 17 ;»nd 4S repealed l.y Act ot 13b7, 
c. 31U. 



History of Annapolis. 339 

of the Port of th© City of Annapolis to the best of ray abihty, with- 
out favor, aiTo3tion, or partiality." 

Sec. 52. The Wardens, or a majority of them, shall have power to 
determine np-Mi and regulate all matters relating to the erection or 
building of wharves in the said port, so far as respects the distance 
said wharves may be extended into the water, and the materials of 
which they sh-11 b^ constructed, and the manner and form of coq- 
structiou, always keeping in view the preservation of the navigation 
of said port by not permitting any wharf to be carried out in such 
manner as to render the navigation of the same too close and confined, 
or to be built of such materials or constructed in such manner as 
may be deemed not sufficiently substantial and lasting. 

Sec. do. Iso person holding lands on the waters of said port, nor 
any person whatever, shall build any wharf, or carry out any earth 
or other !naterial for that purpose, without license from said Wardens, 
or a majority of them, to do the same : and if any person shall offend 
against the provisions of this s'ectioD, or if any person shall build any 
wharf a greater distance into the waters of said port, or in a different 
form, or n' diferent materials than determined and allowed by the 
Wardens, or .. majority of them, he shall be subject to such fine as 
the Mayor, Counsellor, and Aldermen may ordain. 

Sec. 54. in all differences that shall arise between any citizen of 
An?japolis and rhe said Wardens, touching the discharge of their duty, 
a,n appeal she.ll lie to the Mayor, Counsellor and Aldermen. 

Sec. 55. it shall not l"»e lawful for any person, whether licensed to 
sell SiDiritnous liquors or not, to sell, dispose of, barter, or give, di- 
rectly or indirectly, within the corporate limits of the City of Annapo- 
lis, or within five miles thereof, any spirituous or fermented liquors 
or cordials of any kind, or in any quantity whatever, to any youth or 
minor under trie age of twenty -one years, without the written order 
or consent of the parent or guardian of such minor ; nor to any Mid- 
shipman or Student connected with, or attached to the ITa val Academy 
at Annapolis, or under orders to join or leave the said Academy ; nor 
to any seaman, ordinary seaman, landsman, marine, or boy, or any 
employee of the Xavy, without a written order from a commi-ssioned 
officer of the Xavy, (not excludmg hired laborers,) nor to any Student 
of St. John's College without the written order of some Professor ol 
3aid College : and any person violating the provisions of this section 
shall be liable to indictment in the Circuit Court for Anne Arundel 
county, arid, npon conviction thereof, shall be fined a sum of not less 
than fifty dohars, and not more than four hundred dollars, and shall 
be confined la jail until the said fine and costs of prosecution shall he 
paid ; provided, said confinement in jail shall not exceed sixty days ; 
but if any miior or person referred to in this section shall willfully 
misrepresont that he is of full age, or that he is not prohibited by 
this section, and thereby shall obtain any spirituous liquors, and the 
person selling the same shall be able to prove such misrepresentation, 
the said person selling to the said minor or other person so f»lsely 
representing himself shall not su3er any penalty, but shall pay aI4 
the costs incurred in such case ; provided, that the act of any agent 
under this section shall not be l3inding upon his principal, if the court 
or jury shall believe that the said act was committed against the bona 
jlde instructions of said principal. 

Sec. 56. If any person having a license of any kind, authorigiiig 



340 *'The Ancient City." 

the sale of spirituous liquors, shall violate the provisions of the pre- 
ceding section, or permit any person in his employ to violate the same? 
at or in his tavern, shop, house, or place of business, or in oruponhis 
premises, with his knowledge and consent, such license shall be sup' 
pressed by the Judge of said Court, and be declared null and void. 

Sec. 57. The Judge of srv} Court shall, whenever com- 'laint may 
be made to him by any two or more respectable citizens oi sc.ld city, 
or any officer of the county or city, that any person havin^c a license, 
as aforesaid, is or has been violating the provisions of Section 55 of 
this Article, examine witnesses and inquire into such alleged viola- 
tion ; and if, upon such examination and inquiry, it shall appear to 
his satisfaction that the party complained against lias been guilty of 
such violation, the said Judge shall have full power immediately to 
suppress the license of such person, and no new licence shall be 
granted to him or her. 

Sec. 58. Any one order which may be given to any minor under 
the pro^^sions of the fifty-fifth Section of this Article, shall not be 
available for the purpose for whic'^ it was given, for a, loiiger period 
than two days from its date. 

Sec. 59. It shall be the duty of the Sheriff of Anno Anmdel 
County and his deputies, and of the Constables of the City of An- 
napolis, to exercise the utmost vigilance in order to detect all 
violations of this Article in relation to the sale of liquors to minors 
and others as forbidden by Section fiity-five, and to report immedi- 
ately any such violation to the Judge of the Ciicuit Court for said 
county, who shall forthwith direct the offending party to be brought 
before him, and snail require him to give adequate security for his 
appearance at the next term of said Court, and shall coir.mit such 
party to jail in default of such security ; and if any Sheril? or Con- 
stable shall neglect to report to the Judge any sucli violati'.';? of the 
said section as soon as the sam? shall come to his knowledge, lie shall 
be liable to a penalty of fifty dollars for each case of such neglect, to 
be recoverec. by any person in the name of the State by action of debt 
in said Ccuri . 

Sec. 60, All fines imposed and collected under the previsions of 
Section fifty-five of this Article shall go, one half to the informer 
("who is hereby made a competent witness) and the other half shall be 
divided equally between the State's Attorney and the Sheriff' or other 
officer who shall have made report in the case to the Judge under the 
fifty-ninth Section of this Article. 

Sec. 01, The Mayor, Counsellor, and each Alderman shall, in 
virtue of their office, have ard exercise, within the limits of the 
Corporation, all the jurisdiction and powers of a Justice of the Peace. 

Sec. G3.'-- The Mayor juay take the acknowldgement Oi any deed 
or instrument of writing required by law to b?'acknowlcugod, and 
shall receive therefor tlie sum oi fifty cents. 

Sec. 64. The Collector of Taxes in said city shall hr-ve the same 
power to collect the city taxes as the collectors of county tf.xes, and 
shall be governed ])y the same rules. 

Sec. 65. When any tax shall be due upon real estate, and no per- 
sonal property shall be found thereon liable to the payment thereof 
the Collector shall report the fact to the Corporation at their monthly 
meeting in December, annually, and the Mayor, Counsellor, and 
• Sec. 02 repealed by Act oi 1867, c. 210. 



History of Annapolis. 34t 

Aldermen shall thereupon direct the real estate to be sold by the Col- 
lector for the payment of the said taxes, after giving notice in the 
public newspapers in the same manner as Collectors of County and 
State Taxes are required to do. 

Sec. 0(3. The property in the City of Annapolis belonging to the 
Corporation is exempt from any tax to be lev'ed by Anne Arundel 
•County. 

Sec. 67. :N'o ordinance of the Corporation shall impose a fine of 
more than twenty dollars for any one offence, or authorize a commit- 
ment to jail for more than thirty days at one time. 

Sec. QS. All fines, penalties, and forfeitures for violation of any 
ordinance of the Corporation may be recovered before the Mayor, 
Counsellor, or some one of the Aldermen, or a .Justice of the Peace ; 
and the Mayor, Counsellor, or Aldermen, or Justice, may commit the 
offender until the fine is paid, or he be discharged in due course of 
law. 

Sec. -39. If any ordinance shall give part of a fine or penalty to 
the informer, or if such fine or penalty be discretionary, the judgm'ent 
-of the o:Scer imposing the fiae or declaring the penalty, shall specify 
"hew much of such fine or penalty shall be to the use of the Corpor- 
ation, and how much to the informer. 

Sec. :0. No ordinance of the said Corporation shall be binding 
on persons who do not reside in the said city, until the same shall 
have been published in some newspaper of the said city, unless in 
case of xvllt'uland intentional violation of said ordinance after notice 
thereof. 

Sec. T1. The said Corporation shall pass no ordinance that shall 
be contrary to law. 

Sec. T2. The inhabitants of the said city, and all persons holdino- 
property therein, shall be competent witness in all' actions arising 
under the Charter or Ordinances of said city, if exempt from all other 
■exceptions than that of interest as an inhabitant of said city, or mem- 
ber of said Corporation. 

Sec. 73. All that part of the Charter of the City of Annapolis 
■which srives to the Mayor, Counsellor, or Aldermen the power of 
liolding a Court of Hustings within said city, and all other parts of 
said Charter repugnant to, or inconsistent with, the provisions of this 
Article in relation to the City of Annapolis, are repealed. 

Sec 74. The public lands and buildings heretofore purchased and 
Dnilt by this State or Anne Arundel County, in said city, are reserved 
and continued forever to the uses to which they have Ven allotted, 
and the Judges of the several Courts which have usually held their 
courts in the said city in the public Court House thereof, shall and 
may continue to do so; and the Justices, Coramissione-s, and Sheriff of 
Anne Arundel County, shall have, hold, a:id exercise the jurisdiction 
in as full and amp^e manner in the saiil yity as heretofore. 

Sec. 240. It s lall not be lawful for any person to carry con- 
cealed, in Annapolis, whether a resi<ient thereof or not, any pistol, 
dirk-knife, bowie-knife, sling-shot, billy, vvzor; brass, iron or other 
metal knuckles, or any other deadly weapon, under a penalty of a fine 
of not less than three, nor more than ten dollars in each case, in the 
-discretion of the Justice of the Peace before whom the same may be 
tried, to be collected as other fines and penalties are now collected 
provided, the provisions of this section shall not apply to any officer 



342 * ' T H E A N V. I E N T C I T Y . ' ' 

of the law, either of the State or City, where any pistol or other weapon 
is a part of the presoribed outfit ol said ofhcer ; in. (X pro ikitd furl tier ^ 
that either party, f»eliDg aggrieved at the decision oi the t-uid Justice 
of the Peace, shall have the right to apj^eul to the Cncuil Court of 
Anne Arundel Countv. 



CHAPTEU 4i;b. 

AN AC1 to enlarge the powers cf the IMhyor, Coi:n£cllor and Alder- 
meh of the ciiy of Annapolis, by adding ceruaii bectn-ns to the 
chaiterot saiti city relating to puLiiu ctineieiieb. i..id ihe acqui- 
sition of land by si.iti coiporaiion lor thai puri-Ofc, and the regu- 
lation theieof, ana the construction and mamienancc of roads 
and bridges leading thereto. 
Section 1. Be it enacUd hy the Gentral AsstmUy of Jlaryland, 
That the following sections be and the same heieby are added lo the 
Code of Public Local Laws of ;Maryland, title "Anne Arundel 
county,-' sub-title "Annapolis," to be known as sections seventy- 
five, seventy-six, seventy-eeven, and seventy-eight, of et.iu title and 
sub- title: 

Sec. 75. The mayor, counsellor, and aldermen of the city of An- 
napolis, shall be authorized and empowered, in their difcritiou, to ac- 
quire by puici.ase, condemnation, gilt, or grant, for thej.nrposes of a 
public cemetery or cemeteries for said city, somuch land either within 
or without the limits of said city as they may consider necessary ; and 
also to make such ordinances, by-laws, rules, or regulations relative to 
the same, and to the public cemeteries belonging to saici city, or 
"'^thin its limits, as may by them be deemed right and proper. 

Sec. 70. If the said mayor, counsellor, and aldermen oi the city of 
Annapolis cannot agree with the owner or owners of the land so sought 
to be acquiied for the purpo.seatoresaid. lor the i>urclu;j'e c^ ihe same, 
the said major, counsellor, and aldermen shall be authorized to pro- 
ceed to condemn said land lor the purposes aforesaiti, m manner as 
provided by j-ections one hundred and seventy, one hundred and sev- 
enty-oni', one hundrta and seventy-two, one hundred ana seventy- 
three, one hundred and seventy-four, and one hundreci and seventy- 
five of chapter four hundred and seventy-one, of the acts passed by 
the general assembly ol jViaiyland at the January session, eighteen 
hundicd anci sixty-eight, and all the rights, powers, and privileges 
conlerica by ^aid sectici.s upon the corporation therein mentioned, 
shall be deemed applicable to and vested m saidm.ayor, counsellor, and 
aldermen lor the purpo.-es ol this act. 

Sec. 7'i. Ihe said mayor, coun^ellor, r.nd aldermen shall I e author- 
ized to open roads, ways, or streets to said cimetery or cemeteries, and 
condemn property loi that puipose ur.der the powers conleired by the 
preceding sections ol this act, uilo acquire title to the land necessary 
for that purj ose by purchase, gift or grant, as provided by said sec- 



History of Annapolis. 343 

tions ; and they skall furthermore be authorized to erect or construct 
bridges over the navigable waters of College creek or of Spa creek, 
on either side of said city, for convenience of access to such cemetery 
or cemeteries. 

S! c. 78. The said mayor, counsellor, and aldermen shall be author- 
ized to lay oil into burial lots the land required by them under this 
act, and to lease, sell, and convey said lots as they may deem right 
and proper. They shall be authorized to make all sucli julcs and 
regulations, relative to the mnintenance and use of such roads and 
bridges as may be constructed by them under the provisions of this 
act as they may deem expedient, in the same manner as bv existing 
laws they can make and enforce relative to public streets vr'i^'i i said 
city. 

Seo. 2. And be it enacted, That this act shall take effect from the 
date of itspassace. 

Approved April 8, 1884. 



INDEX. 



•(:o:)- 



Abuse of the house by Ed- 
ward Erberry ' 41 

A brief struggle 57 

Abigail and Nancy. , .125 

Abraham Lincoln, 'election of .284 

Abbott, Wm. M 324 

Abridgement of Fr. White's J.327 
Acknowledgement can be tak.338 

Acadians iu Annapolis 119 

Act of attainder of R. Clarke. 85 
Accomplishments of Annapo. 91 
Act of Assembly on charter. . 93 

Acton, Richard 19 

Act of Assembly to punish In- 
dians for murder 22 

Academy of King William 80 

Acts against Quakers repealed 44 
Act to build State Piouse and 

priseii at St. Tvlary's 59 

Accessibleness of St. Mary's.. 60 

Acton's Cove 63 

Advance of Gov. Stone's fore. 33 
Address of Mayor, &c., of St. 

Mary's 58 

Advantages of St. Mary's.... 60 

Addison, Col. John 78 

Admittance to the House 92 

Addison, Col. Thomas 96 

Addition to Annapolis called 

New Town 97 

Addition to the city of Annap. 97 
Advertisement in the Gazette. 99 

Adultery 101 

Admiralty, court of, at Annapll4 

Adams Express Ofiice 147 

Adverse Meeting 166 



Adventures cargo refused land- 
ing 176 

Adams, Lieut. Col. Peter. . . .188 
Address of Annapolis to 

Washington 193 

Address of A. to Gen. Greene. 195 

Addresses to La Fayette 196-7 

Address of Couneii of State 

to Washinsrton 202 

Address of A. to Washington. 203 

Address of State to Wash 203 

Address of Washington 206 

Address of Gen. Mffain to W.207 
Advantages of St. John's Col. 211 

Adams, Thomas 229 

Address to La Fayette 239 

Additions to Naval Academy266-7 
Advs.nta'reoi Naval Academy 

to Annapolis 268 

A Disaatrous Accident 321 

Advertiser, Anne Arundel. .324-5 

Adams, IJchard 168 

A. & E. II. Railroad 262 

A No;ableBowl 309 

A. & E. R. R. pavs to State... 313 
A. & B. Short Line R....3L>0, 323 
Anirraative comm^.nds urged. 27 
Affirm^^.d, Cixarter of Annap.... 93 

Af rica.;i slavery 108 

Affray at Annapolis 151 

Affabblty of Gov. Eden 154 

Agents fail to receive orders... 57 
Aged rector to drop into grave 72 

Agricultural fair grounds 159 

Age of poplar on College 
Campus 309 



346 



INDEX. 



A Galnxy of Antiapr'Jitans... .275 
Allen Kpv. B., a notorion?! 

pastor 72 

All JSaints Parisli rector of 

bein.rc dead 72 

Allen, L'ev. Mr. gives with 

lavish hand 72 

Allen, Mr. rec. of 2 parishes 72 
Allen, Kev. i\Ir. pei-soiifil chas- 
tisement of 72 

Allen, Ivov. Mr. mobbed.. ... 72 
Allen, Ivev. M. resi'ictis All 

Saints \ 71 

Allen, Rev. resigns St. Aiilq's 71 
Allen, Kev. returns to Eng.. 72 
Allen, ]tev. Mr. challentres L. 

Duliuiy r. ... 72 

Allen, ilev. kills L. Dabny.. 72 
Allen, Rev. dies in poverty 72 
Allen, Rev. Mr. gifted but 

degraded 72 

All Siiiiits, Calvert county... . 79 
Aldermen ol /^nnapolis. 1TC8. 8G 
Allen, T.Ir. writes of St. Anne'slOO 

Allison, Patrick .209 

Alkman, William 1 G3 

Alexander, Charles 210 

Allyne, Capt Ill 

All America in a flame 1G4 

Alumni of St. John's 21.3 

Almshouse burned 224 

Alexander, Wm.... 225, 222, 22!) 
Alarms of citizens of A. .234. 2:33 

Alms House 257 

Alexander, Thos. S 2G3 

Alms House of A. A. Co., 207 

Altham, P.tLer ^i^i 

Alkman, VVm KiS 

Alleys, i)Owers over b'lS 

Amercianients, fines, forfeit- 
ures 107 

American women, beauty of. .140 

American Company 140 

American ladies, ease of 142 

American Com. of Comedians. 147 

American House 801 

American tobacco 127 

Amateur Dramatic, A. N. A. .320 
Amendment to City Charter. .342 

Annaj)olis Town 18 

Annapolis, Poit of 10 

Anne Arundel Co., formed. . . 21 
Anne Arundel named in honor 
of Lady Anne Arundel... 21 



Aline Arundel changed to Co^. 

of Providence . . ' 31 

Anne Arundel men. 34 

Anne Arundel required to sub. 3(> 

Annarundel 37 

Aiine Arundel County 39 

Annapolis. 34, 35, 40, 57, 58, 

02, 63, 68, 72, 7S, 82, 

05, 97. 
Annapolis, not as large as St- 

Mary's 57 

Anne Arundel Town, (now 

Annapolis, ) 57 

Annapolis, rcmv'l. of Capital. 55 
Annapolis has forty dwelling 

houses 57 

Annapolis, State iluiise in ... 57 

Annapolis, Free School in 57 

Annapolis, good lodgings in. . 57 
Annapolis has two market 

days in a week , 57 

Anne xVrundel Town 58 

Annapolis, Kecoids reach.. 02, 78 

Anne Arundel County 63 

Anne Arundel Town, a p>ort 

of entry 63 

Annapolis 'puts on its honors. 63 
xVnnapolis give itspres. name. . 63 
Annapolis, rules and orders. .63, 

64. 

Anna})olis, gates of 64 

Annapolis, Towii Clerk to keep 

his papers in iS6 

Annapolis, busy times in 68 

Annapolis, First Mayor of 76 

Ancient communion vessels.. 77 
Annapolis, mem. re.icing in.. 70 
Annapolis, 2nd State House :n 80 
Annapolis, printed charter of. 80 
Annapolis, attemjit to burn.. . 81 
Annapolis, piot that struck.. . 82 
Annapolis, attempt upon Town 

of 82 

Annapolis is made a City 85 

Annai)olis has two delegates.. 85 
Annai)olis merged in A. A. C. 86 
Annapolis reduced to one del. 85 
Annapolis loses its delegation. 85 
Annapolis cont'd, as Capital.. 86 
Annapolis, ])etition of Cor. of. 86 

Annai)()lis wants a charter 86 

Annapolis wants delegates. ... 86 
Annapolis, Connnon Council- 
man of, 1708 87 



INDEX. 



347 



Aunapoiis, Aldermen of SO 

Annp.pojis. Charter of, grant- d 87 
AniiapQlis, Charter of City o[ 8? 
AnnapoJiy, "a very pleasant 

healthful coTP.d. place.*'. . 87 
Aiiiiapoiis, town and port of.. 87 

Annapolis, SheriJi for ^ . 89 

Anr-e Arundel. Sjieriff for 89 

Anne, by the Grace oi Go;l, &,c. 87 
An lapolLs, Free-i ;o'ders of ... . 89 
Annapolis, two iidis yearly in. 90 

Anp.a})olis oa the .••dvance 91 

AnaapoJis, accon ••L^hmentsof 91 
Ar.aapoii?, Frenci'i writer on.. SI 
Amiajioiis, described in verse. 92 

Annapolis, descii')tiou of 92 

Annnpolis. deu \:2iLes denied. . 92 
Annapoii?, complaints from. . 92 

Annapolis, port of 94 

Annapolis, shipping of , . 95 

Annapolis, members of port of 9^1 

Annapolis, prospect to 96 

Annapolis, Corpcratlon of 96 

Annapolis, area of 97 

Anna[)olis, addition to 97 

Anne Arundel, Schools of . . . . 97 
Annapolis, Public School in. . S8 

Anderson, Ether 102 

Annapolis in 1745 102 

Annapolis, delegates of 102 

Annapohs, a severe storm in. .103 

Annapolis a century old 1C8 

Annapolis, chief trade at 109 

Annapolis, aurora borealis in. 109 
Annapolis, chionicies from 

1740 to 1773 109 

Annapoli?, !;:^portr::iee of IQ?, 

Annapoli.;, i;y-iaws of 1740. . .ll»y 
Annapolis, Whitfield visits. . .110 
Annapolis, manufacture of 

osnabrigs Ill 

Annapolis to Kent Island 112 

Annapolis, Admiralty Court at. 114 
Annapolis, prison at, guarded. 114 

Annapolis, gallows at 114 

Annapolis, convicts arrive at. 116 

Annapolis, robbery in 117 

Annapolis, fortified 117, 118 

AnnapoliSjEarthquake in 1755, 

1758, 17^2 118,120, 121 

Annapolis, Acadians in 119 

Annapolis, small-pox in 119 

Annapolis, gang of miscreants 

in 120 



AniiaiKilis, pillory in 121 

Annapolis, old clock, old hall. 132 
Ann;;polis, Capital 50 years. 127 

Annapolis, Latin notes in 127 

Annapolis, Cofl'ee Houfje. .130, 231 

Annapolis, clubs in 131 

Anniversaries of clubs. ....... 134 

Annapolis loyal to England. .136 
Aiinivei'sary ol'Kingo^>served.l37 

Annapolis, emigranus to 137 

Annapolis, electricity in 1749.138 
Annapolis. jMasons estab. in.. 138 

Annapolis Tiicatre 130, 1'26 

Annapolis belles 140 

Ancient C.ty 146 

Annapolis outliA-es raillery. . .145 

Ani'.apoiis, stamp aci i.i 149 

Annapolis and B.ezii.L 157 

Annapolis, Wash. & E. R. Dep.159 
Annapolis entrencl:ed, 1755.. 160 

Annex to State Library 164 

Annapolis, in Dec. of Indepd.164 
Annapolis, during Revolution. 165 
Annapolis sympathizes with 

Boston 165 

Anderson, John 167 

Annhs, Robert. 167 

Anderson, .J. H 168 

Anne Ai*undel 172 

Annapolis deserted, 1775 175 

Annapolis, consternation in.. 177 

Annapolis, Associators of 181 

Annapolis blockaded 187 

Annapolis alter Revolution. . . 192 
Annapoli?:, a city of iinportancel93 
Annapolis wants ro be the 

CKpil-lortheU.S 198 

AnnapOiis and 'ireiiton 200 

x\nnapolis quaint &agreeable.201 
Annapolis, address of, to 

Washins:::ton 203 

Annapohs, Wash.'s reply to. .203 
Annapolis from 1777 to 1810.220 
Annapolis first to make silver 

coin '-^30 

Annapolis, commerce of 222 

Annapolis Jo.ijskey Club 222 

Ancient Regime dis.^ppears. ..228 
Annapolis during the war of 

1812 ••''^?^ 

Annapolis a milit'y camp . 233, 238 

Annapolis riflemen 240 

Annapolis infantry 240 

Annapoiis artillery > 240 



:ii48 



INDEX. 



j^nnapolis, join to 356 

j^nne Arundel 257 

j^nti-Caiiciis party 358 

Anderson, T .....358 

Annapolis & Potomac Canal 

Company 360 

Ancient Landmark burnt. . ..373 
Annapolis, population of .380, 333 
Annapolis seized by the Fed. 

Government 381 

Anne Arundel, vote in, 1860.381 
Annapolis, vote of, in 1860. . .381 
Annapolis & E. R. R. seized. .396 
Annapolis an important Mili- 
tary Station 396 

Annapolis has strong secession 

sentiment 397 

Annapolis to rival Baltimore. 397 
Annapolis Gazette estabHshed.300 

Anne Arundel embroilment 300 

Annapolis, enrolunent of 301 

Andrews. Jp.mes 304, 310 

Annanolis Pub. School Baild- 

'in- 308 

Anti-Huck3ter Ticket 313 

Annapolis witnesses 314 

Annapolis excited over Eiirly's^ 

invasion 314 

Annapolis fortified 314 

Annapolis Confederates 314 

Annapolis reduced to a post. .315 
Anne Arundel His. Society. . .330 

Annapolis revenues 320 

Annapolis of the r)re.=?ent 333 

Annapolis Glass Works 333 

Annapolis, newspapers of 334 

Annapolis, local option in 325 

An exceeding great army 326 

Annapolis, Charter of 334 

Anapolis, boundaries of 334 

AnnapohsCity Government.. 15 

Annapohs Vol. Fire Dept 15 

Annapolis, Mayors of 13 

Approval of State subscription 3 
Appointment of Hood, stamp 

officer 149 

Apparition of tlie Gazette 151 

Appropriation to St. John's 

suspended 210 

Appropriation to St. John's.314-5 

Appendix 326 

Arrival of Puritans 19 

Articles of Peace and Friend- 
shin 39 



Arms and Ammunition 32 

Arms, ammunition, taken 36 

Articles against Major Thos. 

Truman 54 

Archives carefully guarded. . . 62 
Armory near the Court Hou.se. 80 
VArmory often used as a ball 

room 80 

Arrest, attachment, or execu- 
tion 90 

Arrest, stayed at fairs 90 

Area of Annapolis 97 

Arms stolen Ill 

Architectural pretensions. . . .128 
Arrival of 77ashin;;ton in A .192 

Arrival of stamped paper 151 

A roval prisoner 154 

Arrival of Washington at A. .301 
Arbitrary cliaracter of settle- 
ment 214 

Area of Naval Academy 267 

A retrosoect of Iwo centuries. 274 

Arsenal at Pikeville 295 

Arrest of Basil IlcXew 300 

Arrest of .'.am'l Topper 300 

Arrest of Citizens cy Milit;ary.311 

Army, an exceeding great 326 

Ark, The (note) 328 

Asylum in T laryland ..... 17 

Assembly called by Puritans.. 56 
Asse.i'y meets at R. Preston's 56 

Ashman, Mr. Geo 78 

Assembly called by beating of 

drum 80 

As';>"mbly dissolved 93 

Assize Court 113 

Assizes 144 

Asserter of American privileg.149 
Assembly at the Liberty Tree. 174 

Assosiators of An.:apolis 181 

Assembly Rooms set on fire... .300 

As:niry M. E. Church 305 

Association, W's. B. & L 333 

Association, Local Improveme335 

Aston, William 166 

Atchison, David 168 

Attendance, members of corp.336 
Attempt of R. Clarke, to burn 

Annapolis. 81 

Attempt upon Town of Anna. 83 

Attainder of R. Clarke 84 

Attainder, act of R. Clarke. ... 85 
Attachments stayed at fairs. . . 90 
Athens, The, of America 145 



INDEX. 



U9' 



Attacks of the Gazette 151 

Attack on the Chesapeake 226 

Attack on Marshal Frey 318 

Attainder, bill of 55 



Authorities alarm 'd at con victsl 17 
Authority to make constables. 89 
Aurora borealis, at Annapolis. 109 
Aunt Lucy Smith's House. . . .308 



B 



Banks, Lieut, llichard 25 

Battle of the Severn 82, 332 

Barber, Dr. Luke 34 

Barbarous and cruel manner. . 55 
Battle Ci'eek, cai^ital remov- 
ed to 56 

Bachelors taxed . ■ 71 

Barber, Mr. Wm 78 

Baldwin, John 87-97 

Baltimore county, mamber o^' 

Port of Annajiolis 93 

Baldwin, Catherine 97 

Barrett, Jame?, executed 102 

BaltimorcaTis advertise in An- 
napolis newspaper 109 

Balto. growing; iniportance....lll 

Bay. Ferry, across 112 

Baldwin. Mrs., diea.aged 100.113 

Ball at State Ho:is3 181 

Balls in Annapolis. 1 10 

Balls discontinued during Rev. 140 

Bacon. Lieut 130 

Balto.'Co., lands in .160 

Baltimore ToN7n..,.130, 165,182 

Banishment, ordered into 179 

Bay frozen 131- 

Baron, Steuben - - £0- 

Barney. .Joshua S06 

Barbecue, first 225 

Barber. John 220 

Banquc:. to Wm. Plnkney 2o0 

Ball, r^ch ;vud obgant 242 

Baltin^ore. House 244 

Baltimr.vo 244, 345, 254 

Basis c f. reprcr:3nta,tioii 245 

II on . H enry 253 



Bassfcrd, Mr. 

Bach;, Lieut ^U 

Barbe:-. John T , 255-G 

Baldwin, Wm. P 257 

Baldw'-i, Mrs. aged 100 2G4 

Baldwin, Hester 264 

Baldwir., Mrs. Ann 264 

Bancro- 1, Geo. hictorian. .264-5-C 
Baltimoreans reply with stones 

and pistols 270 

Barrall, Edward, shot 271 



Baltimore, a rival for 298 

Bayly, llichard P 300 

Basil, J. S. M .305 

Bates, Willy 305 

Ball room 305 

Barracks of Salvatioa Army...30& 

Barbor, John T., estate of 307 

Barbei'.> and Sund- y work 314 

Base ball in Annr.nolis 315 

Barnard, Hy., L. L. D 315 

Bartlett, Mrs. Lieut 320 

Bay Ridge, openi:: ^' of 323 

Bayard, Thomus i' 324 

Barnes, James. 167 

Berber, Cb.:s 167 

Ball, John ,167 

Bail, Samuel 167 

Ba^sLord, Jacob .261 

BaUiiiiore. Town oi 191 

Barnard, Dr. Henry 314 

Belles, of Annapolis 140 

Bedstead in wliich Washing- 
ton slent 201 

Bellis, Roger, Capt 299 

Bellis, Wm. H., Corporal. . . .299 

Bv-1 1, Thomas, the third 170 

Eeimetfc, Eicnard.. 18,19.25, 29,46 

Bennett, Edward 19 

Bennett, Pev. Willl.im 19 

Bennett and Ciaibor-r-. 25,^7,28,56 
Beciiett, Gov. of yir.q:inia. ... 25 

Beu'ieti, Hon. Richard 26 

Beard, Ri ..../.... .43, 49 

Between the differences, Tru- 
man esc:.De 55 

Bennett, Mr. "John 63 

Beard, Mr. R., piat of Annap. 64 
E'.ll and belfry in St. Anne's 69 

BealL John 70,71 

Beail, Benj 71 

Bennett, John 71 

Bell of St. Anne's tolls its re- 

quiern 75 

Bellis, Joseph H., translates 

epitaph.' 76 

Bell given by Queen Anne 
burned 77 



350 



INDEX. 



Beauty of the sconery of A.. 81 

Bearti; Katli ' 87 

Beaid, 1?., TjUt or, burned.... 97 

Bevaji, Thomas 117 

Beauty ol A.jie/icaa vro:aen...l41 
Beaut'es ol xViiiumuair>Ionths.l41 
Belsh-zzor & Josoh, Ciintatas 

of ." 148 

Bewitching of the Lovely 

Nancy 158 

Bell of St. Atidb's 158 

Beard. Chra-les 229 

Beall, }lDhrai.n 248 

Bellis, "itoji'-er, loses leg at 

Gettysiair^ 311 

Bendor, Ueo.. cJiiduetor 320 

Bills of credit to build State 

House 120 

Birth announc-a 137-8 

Bii'th of Dau'hiii celebrated.. 194 
Birthday ai' ^ Washington cele- 

bratea 222 

Birth of Chas. CanoL', of Car- 

roll'-.on 275 

Bigelow. Vy\ -....316 

Big2:er, John 78 

Birthday of Queen Caroline. . . 95 

Bible Reading 101 

Bii-thtlay of Lord Bait inore... 119 
Birthday of i'v'?ig, C3iebrated.ll9 

Bloody fellows 32 

Blunt. Mr. Illchard 40 

Bland, Thomas. 68 

Blackiston, G ^v C9 

Bladen, Mr. "^.7m G9 

Bladen, Mr. Wra., architect 

of second State House 80 

Bladen, Wm 19,86, 88 

■glasphemy. Levis P. tried for. 113 

gladcn, Gov. Tliomas 104 

gladen. Gov. Thos., speech of. 104 
gladen. Gov. :,nd Legislature. 104 
]glad?n. Gov., called to acct. .105 

Bladen, Th s. E:r,q., Gov 137 

Blockade of Annapolis 187 

Bladen, Gov 98, 308 

Bladen, Thomas, Esq 209 

Blue Light vs. Blue Light. . .237 

Bloodless PveTolntion 244 

Blair, Mr. VA. of the Globe.. .263 

Blar.d, Theodoric 239, 273 

Blake, Cant, eoradn't of N. A. 291 

Bladon, Tno:uas 97, 302 

Bland, Chanceller, Theodoric.307 



Boardley. Wm. . . ., 86-88 

Bond of Naval OiTiocrs 107 

Bohemia River 117 

Boar 1 of Public Works 102 

Boston, rc-i-olutious about 105 

Boston, sympathy for 1G8 

Bodkin, The 178 

Bodkin Point 191 

Bordley, Stephen, Esq 209 

Boyce, James 227 

Bowie, Capt., Mounted Riflsm240 

Bor.st much of nower 32 

Bordley, Daniel 71 

Boucher, rector of St. Anne's. 75 

Boothby, Edward 78 

Bowles, Mrs. Rebecca, 95 

Bowles, James, Esq 95 

Bodies washed ashore 109 

Bordley, Stephen 118, 302^ 

Boston sufir?rers, collection forl20 

Bold riders 128 

Bowie, Robert 226 

Boyle's, Col. Jas. address to 

" La Pavette 241 

Bowie, T. H 253 

Boyie, Ja'jces.. . .- 258 

Bo-rd of Naval Officers 265 

Bo vie, Llwellyn 282 

Boessell, Christian 305 

Bonsall, Mrs. Eliza 308 

Bowl, a notable 309 

Boyle, Edward 311 

Bond, A. S 313 

Borio, A. E., visit of 316 

Bonsall, iiobt. F., death of. ..318 

Boundaries of Annapolis 334 

Bonsall, Mrs. Eliza, (Note.).. 235 

British sloop aground 234 

Brooke, Robert 33 

Braves of raising the country. 33 
Brooks, Mrs. convicted of 

slander 47 

Bi-etr.on, Wm. clerk.. 49 

Brick clay discovered near A. G3 

Brooks, Mr. Michael 44 

Bridewell, or House of Cor. 64 
Bray, Dr. Rev. appointed com- 
missioner 65 

Brown, William ... G8 

Brick school house 78 

Bradley, Mr. Robert 83 

Brcreton, Thomas 84 

Brice, John 87 

B , John 87 



, INDEX. 



351 



Briscoe, J. burned iu the hand. 103 
Ereto.i, Cape, 3:aiTit;oii at. . . .105 

Britannia, ship" Ill 

Broud Creek, Kent Ishxiid. ...112 
Breviiy oi account ol execu- 
tion 113 

Bravery of a servant 117 

Brown, John, executed 118 

Briitol, dies aged 135 120 

Brocks, James 120 

Brofi:Mnstick kills a man 121 

British traveller 128 

Breach of promise cases 138 

Brice, James F., 148 

Bri^ Lovely Nancy 158 

Briiisli soldiers quartered uponlGi 
Braddock. Gen. in Annapolis. . 160 

Bryan, Charles 105 

Brovra, John 167 

Brooks, Jas 187 

Browning, Joseph 187 

Braithwaiie, Thomas 187 

British ship oi war 175 

Brict-. John, 170, 176, 177, 

ISl, 198, 1^9, 281. 
Briee, James, 1G7, 177, 181, 
187, 198, 209, 223. 

British men of war 183, 184 

British fle?t and troops 188 

Bravery of Maryland ti oops. .188 

Brice, James, Mayor 195 

Brown. Andrew 222 

Brice. Upton. 228 

J3rewer, Ivicholas 226 

Brewer, Thomas 229 

Brewer, Mrs. Susannah 229 

Brice, John, of Robert 229 

British fleet off Annapolis . , .2-34 
British hover near Annapolis.. 2 38 

Brice's, Capt. company 240 

Brown, Saml. Jr *. 256 

Bridges over the Severn. 257 



Brewer, 3. B 259 

Brewer, Xieholas 233 

Brewer, Nicholas, Judge, 289, 270 

Brady, John W. shot 271 

Brewer, Dr. Wm 373, 313 

Brewer, Nicholas, of John. . . .280 
Brown, I-Ir. Joshua. 281, 304, 313 

Brown, Geo. Wm 289 

Brewer, Julian, Corporal 299 

Bryan, Wm 373, 301, 315 

Brewer, voice of Judge 373 

Brewer, Isaac 304, 313 



Brice, Mrs. James ' 307 

Bridge over tiie Spa 313, 318, 334 

Brewer, Nicholas 310, 330 

Briidley, Father James 331 

Brev.'er, Julian 335 

Bridges leading to Annapolis. 343 

Brisk trade wiih Indians 33 

Burgesses, if they neglect to 

"send 33 

Surges, Capt. Wm. put in 

command 38 

Burges', Capt. instriicUons.. . 88*^ 

Buigess, Capt. Vv'm 39 

Burie, ilobert. 49 

Burle, I.oberfc, suspended from 

hous?, confesses peiii'ence 

for slander of Lord Baito. 49 
Building of State Hoase in A.. 66 

Busy times iu Annapolis 68 

Burning of St. Anne's 75 

Butler, Ld. rec. of St. Anne's 79 
Butler, Ed. master of K. W's. 

School 79 

Bumiag of AniiaDuhs 81 

Bufl'?, Mr. boat.^. 83 

Burning of the Records 83 

Bukardike, Richard 87 

Burgesses of Annapolis have 

haii; wages 94 

Bull, riding upon 103 

Burnt in tne hand, J, Briscoe. 103 

Burnt to death, negroes. 103 

Bullen, John, Eiq 115 

Bucknell, Mr. Richard 146 

Biirdett 147 

Buriand, Richard. 1 68 

Burt, Ricliard 168 

Bull, ConsLantine 168 

Burning oi the PegsTStowartl09, 

i;o. 

Burgess, John 170, 176 

Buhen, John, Capt 170 

Buchanan, Robarc 167 

Bullen, John, 178, 177, 198, 338 
Burning of Gazette Office. . . .184 

Bullen, John, Mavor 193 

Buekland, Mr. Be'aj 334 

Burning of Alms-house 334 

Bullitt, Thomas 1 335 

Barneton, Joseph, . .• 339 

Bush, Hy. II 363 

Buchanan, Fieti. Commodore.366 

Buclranan's proclamation 383 

Butler, Gen. lands troops in A,S85 



352 



INDEX. 



Butler, B. P. letters of to Gov. 

Hicks, 291, 392, 293, 294, 295 
Butler seizes the Constitution. 292 
Burning of Pftrsonage 304 



Burnside's expedition rendez- 
vous at Annapolis 300 

Buckland, Mr 306 

By-Laws of Annapolis, 1 740.. .109 



C 



Catholic Proprietary 17 

Capt. Stone's invitation to 

Puritans 26 

Captain \Ym. Stone 28, 33 

Capt. Claiborne 29 

Captains and Councillors of 

Susquehannah 30 

Catholics prohibited from vot. 31 
Capt. Puller & his associates.. 31 

Catholics and Puritans 31 

dipt. Tilmr.TT, Gold'-n Portune 31 

Carried away tiie Records 32 

Capt. Stone 32, 36 

Capt. Heamans 35 

Calvert County 39 

Capt. Burgess lo make war on 

Indians 39 

Calvert, Charles 39, 41 

Calvert. Wm. Esq 40, 41 

Catchpole, J-iditn, char^-ed 

with murder 44 

Calvert, once called Patuxeat. 44 
Cctchpole, .judilh, cicquitted.. 45 

Calvert, Philip, Esq 49 

Capittil remo\ed to the Rid;;je. 56 
Capital rGinoved to Battle 

Creek 56 

Capital once more settled at 

St. Mary's 56 

Catholics 57 

Catholics, peopleof St. Mary's 58 
Cattle, ho:;-G, sheep on the 

common 63 

Carroll, Mr., Ruth's procurator 69 

Calvert, Charles 70 

Carroll, Chas. ba-rister, 71, 101. 

108, 170, 176, 205. 

Camaliel, Butler 72 

Card playiuj;, dancing, drink- 
ing 75 

Cabals at Annapolis 82 

Carroll,Mr 83 

Capital, Annapolis, cqntn'd as 86 

Carroll, James 86,97 

Carroll, Chas. Esq 95 

Caravan to York, &c 100 

Capuchin Friars 101 



Cain, .John 102 

Carroll, Dr. Chas. 102, 110, 112. 

117, 119, 160. 
Called Session of Legislature.. 104 

Cape Breton, Garrisa i at 105 

Canoe, pinnace for 108 

Canada, three companies go to. 110 

Carroll, Mrs. Mary 112 

Campbell, Cant.'s Company 

act cow;irdly 112 

Capture of the Hopewell 113 

Carpenter, Capt. John 115 

Calico horse. 115 

Campbell, Chas. executed. . . .118 

Carroll and Dulany 121 

Carroll, Chrs. of Carrollton. .121, 
170, 172, 176, 184, 205, 210, 
223, 256, 304, 305, 310. 
Capital customs &• characters. 122 
Cantatas ol Belshazzer and 

Joseph 148 

Capt. Monta2,-ae and the de- 
serter 157 

Calvert ^.mily 160 

Carroll, Chf^.s 168, 171, 222. 

Carroll, Ch.s. of Carrollton, 

Esq 176 

Campbell, Colin 167 

Carroll, Chas. of CaiTollton, 
proposes to burn Peggy 

Stewart 174 

Campbell, John 177, 181 

Capital of the U. S 198 

Cai)ital of U. S. temporarily at 

Annapolis 200 

Carroll, Daniel 200 

Carroll, Rev. John 209 

Carr, John Addison 210 

Carroll. Nicholas. ...222, 220, 228 

Campbell 222 

Caton, Charles 222 ' 

Caton, Wm 224, 226, 229, 306 

Carston, Thomas 224 

Carroll. James 229 

Caton's Tavern 230, 231 

Carbury, Col 234 

Calvert, G 236 



INDEX. 



Calm at Annapolis 249 

Oaton's Hotel, City 254 

Capital, effort to remove 254 

Carroll. Thomas II.. 255, 257, 258 

Canning, Stratford ...256 

Carr, Arthur 257 

Caucus party .258 

Canal Company A. &. P 260 

Carroll, Chas. moraento to . . .263 

Cast loose, the Jewess 270 

Calumny against Judge Brewer272 

-Caldwell, D. C 273 

Caulk, Daniel, 273 

Canoe of Indians disappears... 274 
Carroll, Chas. of Carrollton, 

born at Annapolis 276 

Carroll, Chas. millions of. 275 

Carroll. Chas. removes to Balto.276 

Cameron, Simon 285, 286 

Calvert, Chas. B 299 

Camp Parole 300 

Catholic Church. St. Mary's... 304 

easier, M. R 305, 316 

Carroll, Mrs. Nicholas 308 

Cadet vacancy offered for sale. 3 IS 
Carl, Christopher, fore man.... 31 9 

Catholic Priests drowned 321 

Cecilius. Lord Baltimore 62 

Centre of Province 62 

Century old, Annapolis, a. . . .108 
Celebration of King's anniver- 
sary. 137 

Celebration of taking of Quebecl 39 
Celebration on Treaty of Peace 194 

Celebration of Peace 221 

Celebration of Washingron's 

Birthday 222 

Celebration over Peace 239 

Cemeteries, public 342 

Churchmen of Virginia 17 

Chandler, Job 25-28 

Chesapeake, Bay of 29 

Charge fierce, but brief 36 

Charles 1 24 

Chandler, Mayor 36 

Charles county 39 

Chase. J. T 203 

Chandler, I., a goldsmith 220 

Chesapeake 191 

Chinese cure alls, criticism of.lOO 
Chancellor sent to acquaint 
L. H 51 



Chriterson, Wenlock ... ... 43/ 

Church, Lower House ready to 

build : ;. .. OS 

Charter wanted by Annap. ... 86 

Charter of A. granted 87 

Charter of the City of An 87 

Charter of Annap! affirmed.... 93 
Charter, act of Assembly on... 93 
Chronicles of Annapolis 1707 

to 1740 96 

Chronicles of Annapolis from 

1746 to 1774 109 

Chronicles of Annapolis, from 

1777 to 1810 220 

Chronicles of Annapolis, 1810 

to 1839 253 

Chronicles of Annapolis from 

1845 to 1847 273 

Chronicles of Annapolis from 

1860 to 1861 2S0 

Chronicles of Annapolis from 

1863 to 1887 311 

Church Circle 97 

Chinese stones and powder 100 

Cheap Indulgencies 101 

Character of the education 102 

Church, the .108 

Chapel and Church 108 

Church of England 103 

Changes Spiritual 108 

Chew. Lieut. Jos 112 

Chester, ship 116 

Cliew. Capt 118 

Characters and customs of the 

capital 122 

Change in gentlemen's dress... 125 

Chestertown 126 

Chimneys, windows, cornices. 129 

Chester Town IV^ 

Chase, Samuel 149-198 

Oiurch on north side of Severnl57 

Church on Severn burned 157 

Church St., cove up 157 

Chase, Samuel. Esq 158 

Chase, Sam'1....165, 168, 170. 176 
Chipchase. Thomas, butcher. .175 
Channell, between Horn Point 

and Greenbury's 177 

Chesapeake frozen 184 

Chase, Jeremiah 187 

Chase, Judge Sam'l., befriends 

Pirikney 221 



354 



INDEX. 



Chalmers, John 108. 199 

Chase. Jeremiah T 322 

Chapman, Hy. H 226 

Chase. Jeremiah T...22G, 289. 800 

Chesapeake attack on 22' j 

Charter of Annapolis altered . 280 

Chandler, Jehn 288 

Chandler, Mr., Editor of the 

Rep uhlican 287 

Chandler and Watkins fii^ht. .288 
..258 



Chauncey, Commodore.... 

Changing charter 255 

Chandler. Jehn, death of 25() 

Chase, Jeremiah Townlev 2G0 

Chase, Mrs. Jeremiah ToWiiley264 

Chase, Mrs. Sam'l '.204 

Chanvelt, Prof 20(5 

Chase, R. M., dwelling of 2(Ki 

Cha>e, Miss Hester 278 

Chesapeake. The 274 

Cheers of Naval Academy bat- 
talion ' 282 

Chanev, Andrew E 284 

800 
800 
80(i 
824 
810 
824 



70 

81 

82 
82 
88 

88 
88 



.808. 



Chase Mansion, The 

Chcise, Miss Hester Ann 
Chase. Sam'l., Judge... 

Chandler, Jehu 

Chase, Capt. Stephen 

Chandl er , Jehu 

Chapel First, in Md 

Charter, The. of Annapolis... .884 
Charter, City's, amendment to. 842 

Chalmers, John 107 

Chambers, William 168 

Chew. Samuel 170-170 

City of Annapolis Charter of. 87 

Cities right to erect 92 

Citizens of Long Island mob 

Hood 150 

Citizens killed by British 

soldiers 104 

Citizens for Military Comp's...l09 

Citizens desert Annapolis 175 

Citizens ordered into banish- 
ment 179 

Citizens of Annapolis uphold 

credit of province 187 

Cincinnati, Society of 19(> 

City Hotel invaded 2t)9 

City Election 278 

Citizen , The First 175 

Civil War, opening of 281 

Citizens meeting on the Union. 284 
Civil rights encroached npon.299 



City Hotel 201. 2:i9. 805 

City Tavern 806 

Civil War, election duiini: 810 

City Hall 812 

Citizens itii[tressed '.... .814 

City (rovermnentof Anua;)')lis.8l5 

Claiborne. Win 26 

(Uaiborne. Col. William 26 

Claiborne. Capt 29 

Clerk of House of Delegates... 60 

Claggett, Mr. Richard 

Clarke, Rieliard, to burn A.... 
Clarke's Riciiard, crime cry... 
Clerk, Mr. Richard Dall.un'... 

Clarke's wife the disl)urs.;!- 

Clarke's, Riciiard, personal 

appearance 

Clark, attainder of 

Clarke's accomplices 88 

Clarke, Richard, attainder of. 84 
Clarke, Richard, probaMynot 

executed 85 

Clerk, Council, W. Bladen.... 87 
Clouds, Nicholas, keeps l)oats.ll2 

Collier. John 19 

Clergymen of culture 127 

Clubs no new tiling in Ani.ap..l8l 

Clubs in session 181 

Clubs, Anniversaries of 184 

8:} Clubs, gelastic law in 185 

Ciub>^, ancient doings of 186 

Claude, Abraham, Mr 149 

Claude, Joseph, arch't killed... 162 

Clapham. John 167, 190 

Claims of St. John's, settle- 

mentof 214 

Clarke, Wm. stage route 221 

Clarke, Charles 222 

Clarke. Joseph 229 

Claude, Dr. 1).258, 254, 255, 2.58. 
2(>0. 201, 284. 297 

Claude. Dr. Abram 278 

Claude. William Tell 278, 811 

Clayton, P. C 27S 

Clavtoii, Capt^iin 282 

Clelum, Rev. Mr 284 

Clayton, Philip 261,804 

Claude, Dr. Dennis, death of ...811 
Claude. Dr. Al)ram, Mayor.. ..812 
Clayton, Mr. Louis S. sf<jre of. 819 

Classens, Father Louis 821 

Clayton, Wm 167 

Clarke. James 168 

(congregational Church 17 



Conventicle Vjrokeii np 

County Xeck 

C-oinpany ot Puritans 

Cox. James 

Cox, James, made Speaker of. 
the Hruse 

Catlyn. ILenry 

(/OmmaTuler to grant land war- 
rants 

Colony mentioned in the in- 
structions 

Commissioners of Md. came 
with armed force 

Commissioners revisit Mary- 
land 

Commissioners of the Common- 
w^alth 

Copy of treaty made on Severn. 

C^omraissioners counsel oliedie. 

Council of State in England.... 

Council unwilling to trust Tay- 
lard 

Corporation of Annapolis, peti- 
tion of 

Common Councilmen of Anna. 

Confirm Baltic's patent to him. 

(yolonists to give notice of in- 
tended war 

Commissioners appointed for 
Maryland 

Coursey, Mr 

Cole. Josias, bondsman for Mr. 
Thurston 

Colonial Life 

Courts, Records from 

Cowman, John, pardoned of 
witchcraft 

Courageous spirit of Maryland 
setters 

(yonquests. His Majesty power 
to dispose of 

Conquered people likened 

Commissioners of Proctors 

Commissioners reappointed in 
1094 

Coode, John, leader of the A»- 
sociation 

Convention held by Coode and 
others 

Copley, Sir Lionel, first royal 
Governor 

Copley convenes the Legisla- 
ture 

Commissioners of 1694 



INDEX. 355 

17 Cori)oration of St. Mary's peti- 

ly tion 57 

\U Col. Xicholson has done his en- 

21 deavor 58 

(.Vipley, Gov. enters upon his 
21 duties '50 

21 (Joach. or caravan, to V^e pro- 

vided !.... (>0 

22 Common, the Town 63 

Cornhill Street 64 

24 Commissioners of A., to make 

by-laws 64 

25 Committee to build churc-h at 

Annapolis 65 

25, Colbach. Jo.seph, of All Hal- 
lows 66 

26 County clerk to keep the county 

29 records in 66 

27 Committee Room 67 

28 (Joney, ^Iv. to read prayers be- 

fore the House 67 

85 Coney. Peregrine, master of K. 

Ws. School 68 

86 Coney, Peregrine, rector St. 

87 Anne's.: 68 

32 Coney, Rev, Peregrine, a de- 

fendent 69 

30 Coney, Mr. has the confidence 

of Governor 69 

30 Coney's, Rev. Peregrine, serm. 69 

34 Cole. Charles,.. 71 

Conden, Robert 71 

38 Cost of St. Anne's in 1792 75 

40 Communion vessels 77 

40 Council of the Province 78 

Coney, Re'.-. Peregrine 78 

42 Coursey, Henry 78 

Committee report old walls 

50 good 80 

Court House 80 

5 1 Council Chamber 81 

51 Contee, Col. Richard 82 

52 Conspiracy 82 

Counterfeit money 82 

54 Cooper 83 

(jounty pardon 83 

57 Common Council to be ten per- 
sons 89 

57 Constables, authority to make 89 
Common Councilmen of Annap 89 

57 Courte of Pypo wdry 90 

Court of Record 91 

57 Cook, Eden, gent 9l 

62 Complaints from Annapolis.... 93 



350 



INDEX. 



Courts ti.' continue in Anwapo. Uo 

Corporation of Annapolis 90 

Counties, schoolsin 97 

Colebatch, Rev. Mr. Jos 97 

Compilation of Laws 97 

Comniun. Romish, persons of .103 
Controversy l)etween Governor 

Bladen and Legislature. ..104 
Corporation by-laws of 1740.. .109 
Companies, three, go to CanadallO 

Convoy, fleet under Ill 

Cole, Capt. German Ill 

Coulter, Capt Ul 

Council House, villians broke 

into Ill 

Cowardice of Capt. Campbell's 



company. 



113 



Coull)orn,Capt 11^ 

Cornish, Thomas. Capt 114-115 

Court of Admiralty at Annua. 114 
Convicts arrive at Annapolis. 110 

Convicts commit crimes 110 

Cole, Charles, robbed 117 

Conner, John, convict ll| 

Courteous convict ll'«' 

Convicts, authorities alarmed. 117 
Court House struck by light- 
ning 119 

Collection for sufferers in Bos . 120 

Colonial Society, ranks of 120 

Colonial mansions..... 128 

Cornices, windows, chimneys... 129 

Coffee House, Annapolis 130 

Cole, Mr. Charles 133-134 

Conundrums of Tuesday club.. 135 
Courage of the Marylanders...l43 
Commission, description by 

Naval, of Annapolis 145 

Companv of comedians from 

Va.'. 140 

Comedians, American com- 
pany of ., 147 

Courtesy of Governor Eden.... 152 
Convention of Maryland. 170, 154, 

222 
Claiborne, Secretary ofVa... 52 

Committee of safety 155 

Congress urges Gov. Eden's 

seizure 155 

Confiscation of Gov. Eden's 

property 157 

Cove up Church St 157 

Col. Plater's Grey Stallion 159 

Coxpn. Nicholas, Capt 159 



Companies from Anna, against 

French 100 

Corner stone of State House... 101 

Convention of five States 103 

Court of Appeals 103 

Committee of the Provin-'p... .108 

Convention 109 

Correspondence, private ex- 
amined 175 

Committee of observation. 170, 178 
Council of safety 177, 178, 179,181, 

182. 
Consternation in Annapolis... .177 

Count Pulaski's legion 184 

Congress orders a monument 

toDeKalb 186 

Count Rochambeau 194 

Continental currency 200 

Congress settles seat of govern- 
ment 200 

Council of State, address of, to 

Washington 203 

Council of State, Washington's 

reply to 202 

Congress 200 

College, St. John's 208 

College, Washington 208 

Commencement, first of St. 

John's 210 

Condition of grant to St John's. 209 

Council, John, Mr 213 

College, Presid't, of St. Jolin's.213 
College seized by government. 2 14 
Correspondeiice of Washing- 
ton, about St. John's Col- 



lege. 



.219 



College, St. John's, and Wash. 219 

Court of Appeals 220 

Col. Mills, 221 

Commerce of xVnnapolis 222 

Cockev, Edward 223 

Coates, .John 223 

Coats, Thomas 224 

Counterfeits on Farmers Bank. 227 

Court of Hastings 238, 230 

Counden, Robert 108, 228 

Corporation, election 335 

Corporation of Annapolis, pow- 
ers of 336 

Contents 9 

Competent witnesses 341 

Construction of roads to Anna. 342 
Construction of bridges to An. 343 
Cooke, William 166 



INDEX. 



35'? 



Conner, M.W 261 

Committee of Public Safety- 
meeting 297 

Company of secession youths... 297 
Confederate prisoners in Anna299 

College Green 302 

Colton, Luther F 306, 324 

College Campus, poplar on... .308 

College of Electors 245 

Correspondence of Elector... 245, 
246, 247 

Corncracker, Jenny 252 

Cooke, Geo. Frederick 253 

Company of Pennsylvanians...253 
Colonization of free colored... 254 
Conflict bet. State and U. S. .255 
Court House in Annapolis. . . 256 

Cowman, Richard 272 

Contest of 1860 281 

Contee, John 283 

Correspondence of Gov. Kicks 

and Government .285 

Constitution seized by Butler.. 292 
Collation given by Lloyd Du- 

lany.": 309-310 

Counter of Old City Hotel 309 

College, St. John's 312 

Colored people enlisted 313 

Convention of 1864 313 

Constitution of 1864 313 

316, 324 



Colton, Geo 

Collector and Treasurer of An. 320 

Cromwell, Nathan 222 

Crowder, Elizabeth, servant. .261 
Cromwell and the American 

[ilantations 24 

Cromwell's elevation, view of. 27 

Cromwell's two letters 32 

Cromwell 34 

Cry of St. Mary's men 36 

Cry of Puritans 36 

Creek up King Geo. St., (note) 64 



Cropped negro's ear 95 

Crowder, Elizabeth 100 

Criticism of Chinese cure all... 101 

Cruelties upon criminals 102 

Criminals, cruelties upon 102 

Croftis, Capt 110 

Cregh, Capt Ill 

Crabs, terrapins, canvas-back 

ducks 127 

Crabb, Hichard J 260-261 

Cried the hours 325 

Crinnig, David 168 

Cross, Joshua 168 

Commission to Edward Lloyd. 21 
Commissioners of AnneArun. 21 

Cuts, Capt 35 

Curate of St. James 72 

Custom House, lot for 98 

Culture and refinement ....109 

Cuffee executed for horse 

stealing 116 

Cumberford. Mrs., stabbed to 

death 120 

Curious items published 121 

Customs and characters of the 

capital 122 

Customs of the times, 1765... 124 

Culture, clergymen of i27 

Custom house of Annapolis... . 130 

Curious Executioners 138 

Carran, Mr. Philip 212 

Custis, Geo. W. Parke 220 

Curran, William B 263 

Curtahi, Gov. A., of Pa 295 

Curf e w-bell in A 325 

Customs of Indians 334 

Crawford, James, killed by 

lightning 67 

Crawford, James 78 

Crime of Richard Clarke 82 

Crowley, Charles 86 



Davis, George Lynn Lacklin. . 
Davenant, "Wm. appointed 

Governor 

Darrington , W m 

Davis, Caleb 

Davis, John 

Dark day for St. Anne's 

Daken, Isaac, Master of K. 

William's School 



18 Dallam, Mr. Rich. Clerk 83 

Damnat'n, inquisit'n, flames. .101 

24 Dancing and Fencing 126 

45 Darby 147 

71 Davidson, John. 170, 198, 199, 230 
71 Dartmouth College decision in. 213 

75 Dance, Thomas 224 

Davis, Thomas 226 

80 Dalziell. Thomas 229 



358 



IXDEX. 



Davidson, Lieut 242 

Davis, E.A. Mr 2C9, 273 

Davis, John M 2T3 

Davis, William 273 

Davenport, Kev. Mr 284 

Davidson, Mrs. sent across line. 312 

Davidson, Lieut. Hunter 312 

Danenhower, Lieut. JohnW.3'^1 

Davis, Saml 324 

Davis. Benj 17(5 

Dead bodies floating in dock.. 120 

Delegates in the province 143 

Devolees of fashion 144 

Description ot A., by Xaval 
C'onnnission 145 

Departure of Gov. Eden re- 
quired 155 

Departure of Gov. I'Alen lo(i 

Desertion of a soldiei- l-")7 

De Lancy, of New York 1<>U 

Declaration of Independence... 1(54 

Delegates to Congress 1 '59 

Declaration of Maryland ISO 

])elegates. Declaration of 180 

De Kall3"s death lS(j 

Deye, ThomasC 197 

Dedication of St. .lohn's Col- 
lege 2(J1> 

])etargny, Mr. IMariii 212 

Decision, Dartmouth < '()llege...213 

Denning, James 224 

Denning. Robert 22.") 

Democrats 244.250 

Delegates to the House 25(j 

Democrats of Anne Arumlel. .301 
Dennis, Rev. Ale.\ 305 

Demidorf. Rns:<i'n sailor, killod312 

Development of ills 3l4 

Decoration, Joint of graves,... 3 b5 

Deale, James, of .las 315 

Detective Sliatt'er 318 

Description of natives of Md. . 33i 

Devenith, Wm 1G7 M)orsey, Eil ward 



Dent. William 78 

De Kalb Statue 78, 18G, 334 

Designs, great and dangerous. 82 

Devall, .John 83 

Delegates, two from Annap. ... 85 
Delegates, none from Annap... 85 
Delegate, one from Annai)olis. 85 
Delegates, Annapolis wants.... 86 

Delegates, mode electing 86 

Delegates, estate of 89 

Description of Annai)olis 92 

Delegates, from Anna, denied. 92 

Debtors in .lail 98 

Deptford, procession at 101 

Delegates of Amia polls 102 

Displeasure of Cliarles 11 24 

Dishonor of Almighty God 54 

Dissolution of Assemldy 93 

Dimensions of the Gazette 98 

Disjnite between Gov.. Bladen 

and Legislature 105 

Dispute between Dulanv and 

Carroll ' 121 

Discussion of ladies dress l2(> 

Division amongst tlie colonistsl55 
Dinwiddle, Gov. in Anmip....l()0 
Dimensions of the State Housel(52 
Dinner to Washington.. ..192. 203 
205. 218. 

Diggs, George 209 

IHlheulty to secure meeting. ..209 
l)issi]»;it'n alleged at St. Joh s.211 
Disappearance of the Ancient 

Regime 228 

Dissensions, interna! 234 

Disloyalty, on election day. . .311 

Devins, E. T. Conductor 320 

Disastrous Accident, A 321 

Docum'sjind records removed. 5(j 
Dorsey, Major, Edwa'd.(53, (54, 302 

I)(U-sev, Mr. John '>3 

Dorsey, Edward, fined (>9 



Descended from tlie hardv 

stock r.' 

Desperate and bloody fellows. 32 

Declaration of Gov. Stone 34 

Deputys oL Calvert 44 

Deputys of Anne Arundel... 44 
Doleg;\tes constrained to com- 
plain '. 54 

Designation of rooms in State 

House 06 

Denton, Vacliel 70, 98 



Donera, Tho 

Doctor Street 

Donnahoe, drowned 

Dock, dead bodies Hoating ii 

Dobinton. Ralph 

Dobbins, ('apt. •hiiiR'S 

Dorsey, Mr' Speakei-, of club. 
Doings ot tlie ancient clubs.. 

Dogworthy, ( 'apt 

Dome of State House added.. 



, 87 
97 
114 
120 
121 
.12() 
,126 
136 
.160 
.161 



INDEX. 



359 



Dorsey, Thomas 108, 170,176 Dulany, Esq.. Daniel 98 

Dooly's, Capt. company 240 ' Dulany, ^Yaltel^ 103, 115, 118, 120 

Dooly. Capt '. 243 159. 

"■ ~ Dulany. Miss 



Dorsey. Thomas B.. 250 

Dowli'n , P. . foreman 320 

Dolman , Jacob V. Caj)t 320 

Doye, The. i^Xote,) 328 

Donaldson. John 167 

Dogan, Edward 167 

Dowson, Joseph 168 



Dorsey, 
Dorsey 
Dorsey 
Dorsey 
Dorsey 
Drunkenness 
Rev.orts. 



Philip 170 

Ely. Sir 170 

Caleb 170. 170 

John, son of Michael. 170 

Daniel '-^'''l 

S\yearing, False 
31 



Draper. Lawrence ON 

Drollery, actors played with... 102 

Dre^y Va< who should kill 102 

Drinkins: pretender's health... 110 
DroNvning of Vickers, Fish, 

Donnahoe n4 

Dress of the times, 1765 124 

Dress, gentleman's, change in. 125 

Dress, ladies, discussed 120 

Dress, heirlooms 127 

Drinking of pretender's health 

punished 

Drama patronized by Governor 

Eden : 140 

Dramas ^40 

Drama poorly sustained 1 48 

Dreadful, dismal, &c 151 

Drowning of Rev. Thomas 

Robinson 

Dressel. John • 

Drowning of Catholic Priests 

and Students. • 

Durand. Mr 

Durand. Mr. William... 31, 32, 

Durand, Wm. Secretary . 

Durand, Wra. makes requisi- 
tion 

Duff. Simon 

Dulany, Daniel, quarrel with. 
Durand's place 



272 
305 



Margaret 112 

Dulany, Walter, discharged 

from Legislature HO 

Dulany, Hon. Daniel 118 

Duniap, Capt. drowns himself. 121 

Dulany and Carroll 121 

Dulany's opinion 127 

Duties of a servant l''l 

Dimmore, Lord 155 

Dulany, Daniel 161 

Dulany, Lloyd 160 

Duckett, John, clerk 1^'-' 

Duckett, Mr. John, 172, 174, l-'^l 
182. 

Dual government 175 

DuvaU. Gabriel 1"-^ 

Duvall.G l'^^» 

Du Buysson, Col 180 

Duke. Mr 212 

Dunning. Dennis 222 

Dunn. Patrick 222 

Duvall, Lewis.. 225, 226, 263, 257 
Duvall, Capt 237 

7 Duvall, Washington 248 

Duvall, Lewis, Mayor 25o-7 

7 Duvall, Hy 255 

Duvall, J. W 258 

Dupont 266 

Duianys.The 267 

Dulauv, Dan"l., born at An. ..278 

Duvall, John -^01 

Duvall. Richard J 302 

Duff, Mr., the architect 302 



Duniap, Rev. Mr 304 

Dulanv, Mr. Lloyd 305 

Dulany. Lloyd, collation giy- 

en by ''^09, 310 

Duvall. (^eo. M 311 

Dulany, Lloyd 166 

Dulany. Daniel of Walter. . . .107 

Dulanv, l>aniel of Dan 108 

Duvali, Gabriel 176 

iJwelling House for (iovern')r. 98 
r»wellhiii:s. magnificent 108 



Each settler receiving one lot 18 Eastern Shoru of Maryland. .81 
Eai-lv Ridgelys,first%ettled. 19 Earthquake at Annapolis l.ob 120 



S60 



INDEX. 



Ear cut off, sentenced to have. 137 

Ease of American ladies 143 

Eastern Shore tribes 161 

Earle, Jr., James 226 

Eagle, explosion of the 259 

Early's invasion excites A 314 

Eccleston. John 196 

Eccleston. Col 196 

Eddis, Wm. observant 73 

Eddis, Wm. attends divine 

service in Annapolis 73 

Edmyston, recto of St. Anne's 75 
Eddis, 3Ir. writes of State 

House SI 

Edward, Cadder 87 

Education, character of the.. 102 

Eddis Avrites of Annapolis 140 

Eden. Gov 152, 156. 182, 208 

Eddis, Wm. Mr 152.165, 167. 

170, 190, 199, 201, 208. 
Eden, Gov. required lo depart. 155 
Eden, Gov. prospect to return. 155 
Eden's, Gov. property con(is-.157 

Eden, Gov, return of 157 

Eddis, Mr. wrote 156 

Eddis, Gov. Eden's advice to. 156 
Eddis'. Mr. life in Annapolis... 1T8 

Edwards, William 167 

Edmons, Amos 168 

Eddis, Mr. fined 178 

Eddis, Mr. leaves AiHiapolis..l82 
Eddis, ]Mr. summoned before 

Committee 180 

Eddis and Claphani to i^ive 

bond .^...190 

Eden's Gov, Proclamation (m 

fees 279 

Eden, Robert 303 

Educational facilities in A 324 

Effort to enlarge Proctor's port 54 
Etligie^ of Bute and Greville..l49 
Effigy of Hood, stamp ot!iCf'r.l49 

Effort to removr Cajiital 254 

Elder of the Independents 17 

Elk River 29 

Eltonhead, 3lr. Wm. executed 36 

Election, mode of 86 

Elliott, William 86 

Elliott, C. sentenced to death. 115 
Election of Geo. Stewart set 

aside 120 

Electricity in 1749, in Annap.138 

Election in the province 143 

Electoral College 244 



Electors correspondence of ... .245, 

246, 247. r', ' 

Elliott, John 248 

Elliott, Elias 262 

Election of Lincoln 281, 284 

Election in Annapolis 284 

Election in Annapolis during 

Civil War..... 310 

Election of Corporation 335 

Election, Judges of 335 

Election returns. Judges of. ...336 
Embassadors of the Susque- 

hannocks 55 

Emblem of public poverty 81 

Emigrants to Annapolis 128 

fjuglish yeomanry 19 

p]nglish inhabitants 23 

p]ncroachTnents resisted byLeg 50 

Enormous crimes 54 

Entire possesion of the prov... 57 
Encouragement to St. Mary's 59 

Ennals, Thomas 78 

Entrance to the Severn 81 

Entitled to privileges and laws 93 
Encouragement of Tradesmen 96 

Engine for city 118 

English, sun of 129 

English Lord 157 

Entrenching Annapolis, 1755.160 
Hnglish oppression, resolution 

against 168 

English officer's representationl86 

Enemies of St. John's 200 

Enemy's ships off Annapolis. .234 
Encroachment on civil rights. 299 
Enrollment of Anne Arundel. 300 

Enrollment of Annapolis 301 

h]nlistment of colored people. 313 
Enterprise Building Asso'n.. .316 

Enright, Father Timothy 321 

Ewen. Mr. Richard 31 

Erberry, EdM'ard. merchant... 40 
Krberry, Edward, abuses the 

house, 40; tried, 41; found 

guilty, 41; punished with 

whipping 41. 

Ewing. Chas. 15., Rev 304 

Escheated to the State 19 

Establishment of K.W'sSchool 77 

Estate of delegates 89 

Estep. Ralph ": 256 

Establishment of Annapolis 

Gaaette 300 

European social life 145 



INDEX 



y6i 



Evitts, John 167 

Evans, Mr. Wra 321 

Evans, Mr 244 

Evans, John 248 

Evans, Joseph 803 

Extracts from Journals 40 

Exportation to be from ports. 53 
Expelled from the House, Mr. 

Joseph ilill 85 

Executions stayed at fairs 00 



Executions, brevity of accountll3 
Extra Session,* Gov. Ogle callsl]3 

Express office 121 

Executioners, curious 138 

Executive Chamber 163 

Exchanging of Portraits 164 

Exj)or tation prohibited 1 75 

Explosion of Steamer Eagle. ..259 
Expedition from Annapolis.... 299 
Excited over haunted houses.. 314 



F 



Fable of the Camel and Arab 

enacted 31 

Fair to be held every year in 

Annapolis ()4 

Fairs in Annapolis 05, 90 

Family comes 30 miles to 

church 70 

Fairs, processes stayed at 90 

Fair days, two 94 

Fashion, luxury, commerce. ..108 

Farris, Wm. watchmaker 122 

Farris, Wm. will of 122 

Farris, Chas. (in note). .123, 149, 

229. 

Families, principal 128 

Fairs, annual 130 

Fair games 130 

Fashions, quick importation of 142 

Fashions and f ri volty 144 

Factious men 144 

Fashionable pleasure 144 

Fair grounds in Annapolis 159 

Faculty of St. John's 211 

Farmers, Bank of Maryland . . . .225 

Fairbain, Benj 229 

Father Andrew White's Journ. 327 

Father Altham 331 

Fendall, Josais 38 

F. Fenwiek's, his house 47 

FendalL Josiat 48 

Fendall, Gov 56 

Ffielder, T. architect of church 65 
Few rectors of K. W's school 

known 79 

Feast day of St. Michaels. . . . 88 

Fees, profits, perquisites 90 

Feast and frolics 91 

Fees, men sold for Ill 

Ferry acros the bay 112 

Ferry boat overset 114 

Fencing and Dancing 126 



Females, single, petition of, 

Annapolis i;j3 

Festival of St. George observedl36 
Federal Goverament seizes St.214 

Federalists of Maryland 233 

Federalist Party 253 

Fears of a riot 269 

Fees laid by proclamation 279 

Federal Government and Gov. 

Hicks 285 to 295 

Fees and penalties .341 

Fenton, Cornelius 168 

First to arrive at the Severn... 18 
Fireworks against the ship... . 35 

Fifty men slain 36 

Five Indians chief murdered. . 54 
First evidence to St. Mary's. . 56 
First session of Leg. in Annap 63 
First convocation held in A... dQ 
First State House in Annap. . 67 
Fire quenche 1 by industry of 67 
First brick church in Md.. ... 69 
Ffielder, Thos. achitect of St. 

Anne's 69 

Fire in St. Anne's 75 

First Mayor of Annapolis. ... 76 

Finley. Eli.^abeth 83 

First newspaper in Maryland. 94 

Fine, free from 96 

First issue of the Gazette 99 

Fish women an.) the King 99 

Fines, forfeitures, amerc'mentsl07 

Fire, warehouse lost by 110 

Fish, Benj. T. drowned 114 

Fire engine .... 118 

First citizen, the letters of... .121 
First American Theatre erected 

in Annapolis 146 

First .shipyard 157 

First commencement of St 

John's 2!0 



:^62 



INDEX 



First lottery in province 15'J 

First U. S. Senator fiom Md 222 

Fire in governtnent honse 222 

Firing olf guns in the streets 223 
Fiirlit between Chandler and 

" Watkins 2^8 

Fish, John 248 

First [lassengerfroni Annapolis2G8 

Fire hi State House 2T-) 

First citizetL, the 275 

First M. E. Church 303 

First Church of :\retliodisni... .803 
First Preshyterian Church in 

Annapolis 304 

Fire at Smith Price's 311 

Fire. "Noah's Ark" injured. ..313 
Fire disastrous in Annapolis... 210 
Mrst regular train on Short 

Line 3.^0 

I'^irst accident. toliedeniptorists323 

First Chai.tl in Maryland 333 

Fire DeiJartnient of Annapolis. To 

iMiilatrr. .\lex UIU 

Flattery unavailling '52 

Flames. Inquisition, Damiia- 

tio!i 101 

Fleet, under convov Ill 

Fleming, Richard '. 22!) 

Flags of SoMt'uern Coufederacy313 

Fleet, ('apt. Henry 331 

Fort for trade 20 

Four or o Marylanders esca])e. 3(5 
Fort invested by Md. and Ya. 

troops 04 

Foundatiun of State House in 

Aniuii)olis (>0 

]'^»rty shillings for every burial 60 
Yorm of second State JIou.se. . 80 

Fordham, Benjamin 80, 88 

Fornication lOl 

Forfeiture, fines, amercianientlOT 

Fort I'^iederick 118 

Fox chase 128 

Fowey. the Frigate 150 

Fortv. Lieutenant 100 

Fostell, Dr. Richard 170 

Form of State (government 

established 17() 

l-'ortification of Annapolis 177 

Four futuri' Presidents 20(5 

Forrest. Noah 222 

Fortification asked for A 227 

Fort Severn.... 240. 241, 254. 255, 

258, 250, 200. 



Fowler, Daniel 220 

Furt Severn, from, regulars. .243 

Fountain, Marcy 245, 250 

Fountain, M . .' .248 

Fort Madison 254 

Fort Severn recommended for 

Naval Academy 205 

Four regts. wanted from Md..285 
Four Gul)eriiatorial residences. 302 

Forty. John 305 

Fortification at Annai)olis. . . .314 

Fowler, James 310 

Fostell, Richard 170 

Foulks, Saml. hidden in hogs- 
head ^.2!^ 

Frequent and violent changes 31 
Free exercise of their religion 37 
Friends early settle in ^h\. ... 42 
Frifiuls [)etilioning to atllrm.. 42 

Freemen of 31aryland 52. 105 

Freeman, Mr. John 0!), 80, .S7 

Free school of brick in A 58 

Frazier, Alexandria 70 

Frazicr, Joshua 71. 177 

l-'riend of Lord Ij.iltimoi'e. ... 72 
Free schools, donations to. . . . 7S 
Free schools, subscriptions to. 7.S 
Friends and supjjorters of K. 

\Y's school 70 

Frisby, Col. John S2 

Free voters of Annapolis 88 

Free-holders of Annai)olis 80 

Free-holders and freemen S!> 

French writer on Annapolis... !»1 
French hair dresser in A.. 01, 145 

Freemen, Wm. bricklayer !)0 

Friars, Capauchin 101 

Frenchmen on the right 102 

French jirivateer , Ill 

French men of war Ill 

French capture the Hopewell. 113 

French and Indians 118 

Freemen of Aniuii)olis arousedlSO 

French troo])S 187 

French Frigates 187, 188 

Frigate Philadelphia 225 

Fraxier, Richard 220 

Free negro Tom 220 

Frigate^ Plneton 250 

Free people of color 25l 

Franklin, J. S 282 

Frederick city 285 

Franklin, Geo. E 303 

Franchi.se, right of 310 



INDEX 



5ca 



Krauklin, Thomas 811 

Frazier, Henry, Jr. killed 315 

Fniternization of soldiers 31''3 

Frey, Asst. Marshal attacked. 318 

French, Thomas 107 

French, George KJS 

Fuller, Capt. Wm..29, 30, 31, 32, 

44. 
Fuller, Cajit. appears ])ehiiid 

Gov. Stone 3-"> 



FiiUyr. Capt. calls a council... 34 
Fuller, Capt. gives word to be- 
gin liattle. 3G 

Full hearing on both sides 55 

Full house regrets removal of 

Capital GO 

Funds of K. W's School con- 
veyed to St. John's 79 

Funds for Gov's, residence... 98 
Funds of K. W's School 225 



Galloway, William 19 

Gallery for servants in St. 

Anne's 75 

Gap in the history of Provide. 40 

Gates of Annapolis 04 

Gaddess, Mr., arrives in An... 41 

^Garrett, Mr. Amos 09, 97 

Gallery of St. Anne's altered. 09 
Giallery built in St. Anne's. . . 70 
Gallery in St. Anne's, leave to 

build 71 

Gaither, Kezin 71 

Gaither, William 71 

Gazette, poem on St. Anne's in 73 
Gallery in St. Anne's for par- 
ishioners 75 

Gallery in St. Anne's for slav. 75 
Garrett, Amos, body of, seized 70 

Garrett, James 70 

Garthorne, Francis 77 

Gales, Mr., sloop of S3 

(;iarrett, Amos, Mayor 80 

Gaylard. William ." 80 

(Tarrett, Amos, Esq 87 

Gazette, The Maryland. ..94. 125 
Gazette ceased publication .... 90 
Gazette, Maryland, reliable 

services 98 

(irazette, dimensions of the. ... 98 

Gazette, news in. . . • 99 

Gazette, Md.. inaugural addr. 99 
Gazette, advertisement in.. 99 
Gazette, subscription to the. . 99 

Gazette, encouraged 100 

Gazette, marvelous in 101 

Garrison at Cape Breton 105 

Gazette, the 109, 233, 324 

Gazette, jealous of Balto Ill 

Gallows at Annapolis 114 

Gang of miscreants hi Anna]). 120 
Galloway, Samuel 120 



Garden, Queen Anne's 129 

Gazette in deep mouruinu. . . .150 

(iale in Annapolis 101, 273 

-(larrett, John W 103 

( razette ollice burned 184 

Gates, General 1S5. 210 

(Jarnett, President, of St. J. .213 

Gale, George 222 

(iassaway, John 220, 230 

<iazette and rej)ul)licans (piarr236 

Garrison 242 

(xarduer, Wm. Brewer. . . .257 316 
Galaxy of Illustrious Annap..275 

Gambrill, Lieut. Horace 281 

(gazette, Annapolis, view. 282, 283 

Gazette defends itself 290 

Gazette, Annapolis, establis. .300 

(Jantt, Benj. E 302 

(xazette fails to obtain print... 312 

(iantt, Edward C 315 

(falilean Hall 316 

(xassaway, Aug 316 

Gassaway, L. (i ... 325 

Gaither, Edward. .Jr. . . .170, 176 

(xalloway. Jose])h 176 

Gassaway, Lewis 261, 304 

(xov. Stone urges the Puritans 

to take oath If* 

(xeneral Pardon granted 24 

Gerrard, Capt 36 

General Assemldy heedful of 

St. Anne's...* 69 

George, Joshua 70 

(leorge, William 70 

General Assembly appealed to 

for St. Anne's 74 

Geddess, Andrew 79 

Gectment for any lands 91 

Gentleman's dress, change in. 125 

Gelastic law in cluljs 135 

German passengers 139 



5<34 



INDEX 



Germain, Lord George lo4-.j 

General Lee 154 

Gen. Washington 159 

Gerry, Elbridge 206 

Getzendanner, Capt 334 

George, Enoch 245, 248, 250 

Gerdemam, Father John 821 

Gheselin, Reverdy 167, 226 

Giving out threatening speech 32 

Gittings, John, clerk 41 

GilHss, John 71 

Giles, Charles, commander ..111 

Gibbetted, Morris McCoy 121 

Gist, Gen 196 

Gibson, John 225-6 

Giddings, Major Luther, given 

a sword .274 

Girault, Prof. A. X 304 

Gibbons, Rev. 11. 304 

Gibson, Capt. Edw^ard 306 

Gibson, Mrs., nee Ridout 308 

Gibbons, Ensign 320 

Ghiselen, William 71 

' 'Glorious Nineteen" 249 

Glass Works 323 

Golden Lyons 35 

Goodall, Elizabeth, bewithed.. 42 
Godson, Peter, charged with, 
slander, and medical char- 
latanism 45 

Gov. from Virginia 46 

Gov. Seymour 67 

Good lodgings in Annapolis.. . 57 

Gov. Nicholson . 58, 60 

Gov. Copley enters upon his 

duties 60 

Gov. Nicholson given a lot 64 

Gott, Thomas 19 

Gov. Stone, exceedingly popu. 25 
Gov. Stone proclaims Crom- 
well 27 

Gov. Stone censures the comr's 27 
Gov. Stone submits the second 

time 28 

Gov. Stone attempts to sur- 
prise comr's 29 

Golden Fortune, Capt. Til man, 31 
Gov. Stone re-assumes duties 

of office 31 

Gov. Stone determines to assert 

his rights 32 

Gov. Stone organizes a mili- 
tary force 32 

Gov. Stone directs no writs 



from the Puritans shall be 

obeyed 32 

Gov. Stone's party threaten to 

hang 33 

Gov. Stone 33, 34, 85 

Gov. Stone's force 33 

Gov. Stone's march to Provi- 
dence 33 

Gov. Stone visits Providence 21 
Gov. Stone organizes Anne 

Arundel 31 

Gov. Stone submits to the com. 35 

Gov. Stone's c«m. seized 35 

Gov. Stone has a saving clause 36 
Gov. Nicholson selects site of 

St. Anne's 69 

Gov. Nicholson active for St. 

Anne's '. 69 

Gov. Blackiston . 69 

Golden ball on St. Anne's 69 

Gordon, RoVit. 70 

Governors and office-holders.. 75 
Governors, visitors. Trustees 

of K. W's School 78 

Governor and Council session 81 

Governor, John Seymour 81 

Gordon, Patrick. Esq. Gov. of 

Pa. 95 

Governor of Pa. visits Gov. Md 95 

Governor's, residence -. 98 

Gov. Saml. Ogle 98 

Gov. and Legislature, sharp 

messages between 100 

Gordon, Capt. Robert 102 

Gordon, Robt. Esq. 103, 115, 118 
(jfovernors important peroga- 

tive 104 

Governor Bladen and Legis. . .104 
Governor Bladen called to ac- 
count 105 

(lov. Bladen's 3 messages in 1 

day , 107 

Gov. Ogle, calls extra session. 113 
Gov. Ogle's speech to Legis- 
lature 113 

Gov. Ogle, disappointed l)y 

Legislature 113 

Gordon, Mr. John 115 

Gordon Rev. John to prepare 

a discourse 133 

Gov. Eden, patronizes the 

drama 140 

Governor can pardon 144 

Godwin 147 



INDEX 



365 



Gov. Sharpe 150, 151 

Governor Eden, of Maryland, 152, 

153, 154. 
Governor Eden patronizes the 

stage 153 

Gov. Eden establishes a semi- 
nary 153 

Gov. Eden recommended to be 

seized 154 

Gov. Eden, parole of 154 

Gov. Eden's departure requiredl55 

Gov. Eden returns 157 

Gov. Eden departs 156 

Gov. Eden's property confis- 
cated ' 157 

Gov. Lee 158 

Gov. Ogle's Bay Gelding 159 

Governor 178 

Gov. Eden 182 

Gov. Johnson 183, 184 

Goldsmith, Wm 198 

Government House on fire. . . .222 

Golder, Archibald 229 

Government Farm 257 

Godman, John D. boru at An- 
napolis 277 

Governor's Guards 280, 283 

Gov. Hicks' proclamation. . . .281 
Gov. Hicks' convenes Legislat285 
Government and Gov. Hicks 

285 to 295 
Gov. Hicks' message to Legis.29G 

Governor's Folly, the 302 

Goodman, R.R 304 

Gorman, Wm. H 306 

Governors of Md 11 

Gordon, George 167 

Gord(jn, William 107 

Goldsmith, Saml 201 

Goldsborough, W. J 201 

Greensbury Point 18 

Greene, Thomas 24 

Greene, Mr., Governor 46 

Gornoore, John, punished for 

perjury 47 

Greene, John 48 

Greenburv, Esq., Hon. Nicho- 
las.. .^ 63,64 

Great room below sta^irs 60 

Greensbury's Point, church on 69 
Gregg, Ruth, petition from.. . 69 
Graveyard beyond present cir. 69 
Greene. Richard 71 



Griffith, John.: 71 

Great and dangerous designs 82 

Greenfield, Col 84 

Grosham, Jr., John 86 

Grea<" seal of our said Province 91 

Green, Mr. Jonas 92, 96, 118 

Green, Jonas, Printer. . . .98, 112 

Green, Jonas, Postmaster 99 

Grant, Hector 102 

Grindell, Capt ,111 

Grand Inquest to enquire. . . .112 

Green St 117, 157 

Green, Jonas, family has small- 
pox 119 

Green, Jonas 134-5-6 

Gregor, Capt 137 

Grindall, Capt 137 

Great case at Annapolis 138 

Grant of Charles 1 15,2 

Green, Major, Gen. Nath .... 185 
Green, Frederick. . ..., ...187 

Grenadiers 188 

Greene, Major General 195 

Greene's, Major Gen., reply.. 195 

Greene, Nath *..196 

Greene, Federick 198, 220 

Grant to St. John's on conditi209 

Green, Mr., slandered 225 

Grammer, Frederick 226 

Grouch, Wm 18, 19 

Grant, Wm 229 

Green, Mr., editor of the Ga- 
zette 237 

Grand Jury indict "the Glori- 
ous Nineteen" 24^ 

Grammer, Frederick Li>uis. . .263 

Gray, Justice Walton 269 

Green, Louis, Captain 208 

Green, N. H 282 

Green, Mrs 303 

Graff, Rev. J. J 304 

Green, Nicholas H 311 

Grant and staff in Annapolis. 313 
Graves, joint decoration of. . .315 

Green, John 167 

Green, Richard 170 

Gunther, Capt 36 

Guard at Annapolis, prison. ..114 

Gutroy, John 229 

Gubnatorial Mansion, the third302 
Gubnatorial Mansion, second. 303 

Guhl, Student 321 

Gwvne. William 87 



'SW 



LNUEX 



H 

Hawkins, 3IatLhe\v .... 21 

Ilattoii. Mr. Secr'y of State. . 25 

llattoii, Mr. Tliomas 2'i, 28 

Hatch. Mr. John :U 

Hamnioud, Mr. John -^2 

Kail. Mr. Richard... 41 

Hanilileton, John, wife of. . . . 4'"» 

Hawkins, Ralph 40 

HarVior for ship] ting at St. 

Mary's 59 

Hammond, Major John. . . AV-i. (34 

Hall. Henry, of St. James OG 

Hanging a lanhorn out OG 

Karnass, Jacob 68 

Hammond, Col. John 00 

Hammond. Philij. TO. 08. 102 

Hammond, Chas. of Philip. . 71 

Hanover street 72 

Hall, Major 84 

Hair dresser. French in 01 

Hammond. IMr. Charles. . ..07. 98 

Hammond. Mordecai 97 

Hall. Major Henry 102 

Hamburg, Mr. John HI. 110 

Hamilton. Dr. Alex 112 

Hamilton, Mrs 119 

Hall. John... 121, IGl, 165. KiS, 

100, 170. 170, 810. 
Hammond, Matthias. 121, 105. 108, 

171, 172. 173, 170. 
Hogan, Dominick, Irish ser- 
vant 120 

Handsome women 128 

Hawke, Sloop, his Majesty's. .151 

Haller and Matzen 158 

Hanlan 147 

Hanteur of Mrs. Henry .... 148 
Hallam, Miss, poetry aVxnit. ..147 

Hallam, Mrs .' 147 

Hamilton. Alex 103, 200 

Hall of House of Delegates. . .103 
Hammond, Rezin..l68, 170,170 

Hammond, Tliomas 167 

Hammond, Nathan 167 

Raragan, John 167 

Hackman, James 167 

Harrison, William 168 

Harwood, Thomas, Jr 170 

Hall, Thomas 170 

Harwo<xl, Mr. Thomas 172 

Harding, Capr. ship Totness.l74 
Harford, Mr 202 



Harwood, Thomas. 170, 170, 187. 

200. 

Hanson. A. C 210 

Hanson. Alex. Contee.. .220, 222 

Harrison. Benj 222 

Hammond. >[r. John .310. 224. 

220. 

Harrison, Hall 225 

Haskhis. Josepii 225 

Harwood. Richard 225 

Hall. Benedict H 220 

Hammond, Xicholas 220 

Har];)er. Rol)t(.TO()dlGe 235 

Harwood. Major S|trigg. 244, 245. 

248. 203. 282, 30l", 313. 

I larwood , Ral ph 254, 258 

Harwood, Thos. Richard 250 

Hancock, Francis 250 

Hall, Humphrey 203 

Hall. Watkins. shot :i71 

Hanlan. Richard H 273 

Harvest of pleasures 274 

Harris. Benj. G 200 

Harris. B. (y. recommended... 301 

Hagner, Judge A. B 302 

Haller. Wm.^ 305 

Hackney, Saml 305 

Hamilton, Rev. Jonathan 305 

Harwood, Hy 300 

Harwo<Kl, residence, the 300 

Hammond. Mr. Win 300, 307 

Handy. D. Claude 311, 313 

Haunted house in Annapolis. .314 

Hance's trial for murder 318 

Harnden Express trial 318 

Hayden, Judge 310 

Harrington, Miss 330 

Herring Bay 18, 33 

Herring Creek . 31 

Heamans. Roger 33 

Heamans. Roger, rei^uired to 

assist Puritans 34 

He^imans dis.sembles 34 

Heamans' story 34 

Heamans warns Stone not. to 

come nearer 35 

Heamans' resolved to fire 35 

Heamans shoots at St. i\[Ary's 

men 35 

Heamans fires a third shot... . 35 
Heamans, Capt.denies Stone's 

authority 35 



INDEX 



:W7 



Heamans' foartli shot kills a 

mail 85 

Herman. Casper, Xng. luiilds 
State House. Churcli and 

School f;:i 

Hewett, Mr. J. .hii 78 

Helmsley, Mr. William ..... 78 

Heselius. :Miss Charlotte 122 

Heirlooms, dresses 127 

Henry's, Mrs. hauteur 1-18 

Henzell. Ca})t. Chas 17<; 

Henry, John 222 

Herbert. J. C .2:r) 

Heard. Col 248 

Herald, Dei:iocratic 27-3 

Hender.'^on. Rev. J. J o04 

Hebron, Henry :jOo 

Henkle, Eli J ol^ 

Hepburn. John l!;7 

Hendley, Hugh I(j7 

Hensnaw, Charles 2*il 

Hill, Capt 4<i 

His Majesty's power to dispose 

of conquests ... ol 

Hill, Caiit. Richard (j4 

Hii?inbotliom, Rev. R. master SU 

mn, Joseph 84 

Hill, Mr. Joseph expelled from 

House 85 

History, relic of, Maryland... . tJ5 
Hiffginson, Chas. sentenced to 

^ death 114 

His Majestys sloop Hawke... .151 
Higinbothora, Rev. Mr. Ralph 
209, 212, 225, 253. 

Higgins. Mr. Dick 245 

Hicks. Thos. Holliday 245 

Hicks*, Grov. proclamation. . .281 
Hicks', Gov. proclamation of. 

speech of 28 3, 288. 284 

Hicks, Gov. and Fed. authori- 
ties 285 

Hicks, Gov. and Fed. Govern- 
ment 285 to 295 

Hicks, Gov. letter of Seward to 2-81) 
Hicks, Gov. letters of Butler 

to.... 291, 292,293. 294. 205 
Hicks, Gov. refuses consent for 

troops to land 29G 

Hicks, Gov. still had hope . . . 296 
Historical Society of A. A. Co. 820 

Hincks. Thomas 107 

Howard, Matthew 18 

Horner, James 18 



Howell, Thomas 19 

i lowell's Creek 19 

Horn Point 85. 82:! 

Homeard, Jo 48 

House awaits ad. as to Quakers 48 
llari^ans, Henry, at Kent. . . . 47 
House asks its \aeanoies be 

filled 50 

House comiu'omises with pnj- 

prietary 51 

Howard. Mr. Philif 'i8 

House aii{>oiiit> Mr. Gaddcss 

cha[)laiu f)5 

1 loward. Conielious 08 

Hood. Zachariah. 71 

Howard, Samuel 72. 187 

House of Col. Ed w. jK.rsey.... 80 

House of Smithers '. . . , 82 

Holmes. Richard 87 

Home, Peter 95 

Holland, Col. Wm 96 

Horney, James 102 

Hi^use of Delegates, mem. of.. 102 
Horse stealng, York hung for.ll8 
Hopewell, scnnr. of Annapolis 

captured 113 

House, Penelope, whi[»ped 118 

H(jrse races. 130 

Homony Club 131, 132 

Hood, Stamp Ollicer. burnt in 

effigy 149 

Hood's appointuient as Stamp 

Officer 149 

Hood, Stamp OlTicer resisted. .149 

Hood lands the stam[is 14i» 

1 lood willing to resign 150 

Hood's flight 150 

Hood returns to Annapolis 151 

tbu'uet, officers of the 152 

Howard. Gen. Johii, Eager. . . 188 

Hospitality of Gov. Eden 153 

Hope of Gov. Edeji's return... 155 

Holland street . 158 

Hodgsin.Mr 172 

Howe, Sir William 183 

Howard. Saml. 11. ...168, 198, 230 

Howard, John, Eai^'er 206 

Howard's, Col. offer to J.Cha!<e222 

Howard, J 238 

Horn Point ..238 

HoUingsworth's Capt. troop. ..240 

Hobbs, Capt 248 

Hope, Thomas ...248 

Holme, Christopher 254 



•-J<Jb 



INDEX 



llolliiigs worth, Francis 255 

^Hodges, Thomas 256 

Howard County , ...257 

llollidavoke, Daniel 271 

Hopkins, Edward 273, 804 

irollauil. Steward, born at A. .270 

Hopkins. Adjutant 282 

Hopkins. James E 284 

Hopkins, Benjaniin 284 

Houses, other ancient 308 

House of Anthony Stewart 808 

Horn Point settlement 815 

Hopkins, Johns 8i(> 

Hoffman, trial 818 

Hours, cried in 825 

Howard. William 167 

Hodgan. Thos. B 167 

Howard, John 167 

Horselr. Henry 168 

Horton, John 168 

Hood, John, Jr 168 

Howard. Ephraim 170 

Howard. Benj 170, 176 

iIoj)kins. Girard. Jr 170 

Humphrey, Kev. John, rector 

of St. Anne's 71 

Hutchins, Col. Chas 78 

Hutton. Mr. William 78 

Hunt. WornelK Eecorder..86, 88 

Hughton, William 86 

Humphrey, Joseph 87 



Hustings to the Prov. Courte. 91 

Hunt, WornelL Esq 94 

Hutchinson, Capt. John Ill 

Humes. Jos. sentenced to 

death 114 

HuTton, Bros, wagon manu- 
facturers 147 

Hunting. Ridge 191 

Humphrey, Col. David 206 

Humphrey Hall 214, 217 

Humphreys. Rev. Hector. ...214 

Hastings, Court of 228 

Hutton. Samuel 229 

Hunter, James 255 

Hughes. Jeremiah.2.')7. 259. 263, 
324. 

Hurst, Bennett 259 

Hutton, Jona 259 

Hubbard, Jr. Wm., Lieut 299 

Hull, James, engineer 320 

Hunting Grounds in Annap. .326 

Hyde"s^\llev 64 

Hyde, Thom'as 74, 167, 209 

Hyde, Thos. set up tannery.. 119 

Hyde. John 229 

Hyde, Mr. Daniel T 269, 270 

Hyde, Danl. T. threatened ))V 

soldiers *.298 

Hyde, J.T 316 

Hyde, William 167, 177 

Hyde, William. Capt 176 



Igl.-ijart, Mrs. Owen A... .72, 158 

Iglehart. Leonard 262 

Igleliart, James H 273 

Tgl.'hart. Capt 282 

Iglehart, Wm. T 805, 324 

Iglehart. and Swann 806 

Igh'hart House 807 

liilehart. Mrs. Wm. T. . .307, 324 

Iglehart. J. Howard 820 

Ill-treatment of servants 112 

lllilteral laws 275 

Impeachment of 3Iajor Thos. 

Truman 54 

Improvement of Annapolis for. 64 

Importance of Annapolis 109 

Lnportation of rebels 112 

Inijiortation of fashions 143 

1 mpressment of citizens 314 

Improvement in Annapolis. .315 
Improvement, sj)irit of 323 



ImprovL-ment. Asso. Local 325 

Indians 17 

Independents 17 

Indians, a near neighbor 22 

Indians commit murder in A. A 22 
Indian treaty made on the 

Severn. .' 28 

Inhabitants of the Providence 29 
Indemnity for injuries to Ind . 29 
Indemnity for injuries to col. 29 
Indians, 8 or 10 only to come 

at a time 30 

Indians to give notice of in- 
tended war 30 

Intentions of Capt. Stone 33 

Insolent behavior of Quakers. 37 
Indians an element of trouble. 38 
Instructions given Capt Bur- 
gess 38 

Indians, Forraigue 39 



IXDEX. 



36^ 



Information of K. W's School 
meagre 79 

Information, Lower House 

wants 107 

Indians, how to fight 39 

Indians, treaty of peace with. 40 
Indiscreet representative from 

A. A. Co 49 

Indian chiefs treacherously 

murdered 54 

Indignation over Zilajor True- 
man's conduct 54 

Instruction broken by Major 

Tniemaii . 55 

Inn-keeper, Workman 96 

Inaugural address of ]Md. Ga- 
zette 99 

Indulgencies, cheap 101 

Inquisition, fla::!i8s, damnationlOJ 

Inch, Mr 103 

Infrin.^ement of liberties 108 

Indians The 108 

Indian, quiver of 103 

Inquept on Elisha Williams. ..112 
Indians volunteer Rgain.rt. . . .119 

Insignia of clubs. 133 

Indians mvaged by small-pox. 143 



Indians, race courses, and In- 
diums 1^7 

Indians, murders by 160 

Indians, some very quiet 160 

Indians, last to visit to Ann a 100 

Inner life of Annapolis 178 

Inscription on DeKalb statue. 180 
Incorporation of St. John's Col. 208 

Internal dissensions 234 

Insurrection, Nat. Turner's. .261 

Investigation of riot 272 

Indians make treaty under 

poplar 309 

Intention for sttling Md 327 

Indians and early settlers 331 

Indians pleased with Euro- 
peans ,333 

Indian customs 334 

Independent Fire Co 16 

Inhabitant competent witnesse 34 

Irwin, Jolm 103 

Ireland, Tlios 280 

Ireland, John, Corporal 299 

Isle of Wight 19 

Isle or Kent 29 

Islands, mouth of West River. 144 



Jacques, Lancelot., 71, 119, 161, 

177. 

Jail, Annapolis 98 

Jaunescheek 148 

Jackson, C.ipt. of Peggy Stew. 17^ 
Jackson, Ma-'or, Washington's 

Pecretary 1»1 

Jacob, Edv/ard .284 

Jacquet, JohnD., 167 

Jackson , Henry 167 

Jacques, D=nton 168 

Jackson, Captain 170 

Jenifer, Daniel , messenger 49 

Jenkin?. Friincis 78 

Jenkins, Mr 78 

Jennin'^s, Thomas.. 120, 226, 229, 

281. 

Jefferson 147 

Jenifer, Danl. of St. Thos. ...223 

Jenn-ings, Mr. George, 229 

Jeffrey's Point .252 

Jeffrey, Jig 252 

Jewer.s Steamboat 268 

Jewess reaches Annapolis 268 

34 



Jewess' passengers disorderly. 269 

Jewess overcrowded 268 

Jewess csst loose 270 

Jefferson, George W 228 

Jennings, Edmond 303 

Jennings, Thomas, barrister .307 

Jennin9;s, Mrs. Ann 308 

Journals, estracts from 40 

-Johnson, James, charged with 

slimder, convicted 46 

Johnson, Reverdy student of 

St. John's 6» 

Jo, vies, Esq., Hon. Henry 67 

-Johnson, James 71, 139 

John, Leadier 71 

Jones, Bran 76, 86, 88 

Jones', Evan, shallup 83 

Jones, Thos 87, 220, 305 

John, Beall, Esq 97 

John, Jones, a "mulatto fel- 
low" 100 

Jordan, Capt 110 

John, Captain Isaac Ill 

Johnson, ship.. 113 



370 



INDEX. 



Johnson, Thos. Jennings, Esq. 122 
Jockey Club in Annap. ...141, 158 

Jones, Miss 147 

Jones, Richard, J 148, 263 

Joseph & Belshazzer, cantatas 

of 148 

Johnson, Thomas 161, 176 

Johnson, Thos. Jr... 165, 168, 169, 

170, 177. 
Johnson, Thos. first Rep. Gov. 182 

Johnson, Gov 183 

Johnson, Gov. threats against. 184 
Joy over Cornwallis's surrend.188 

Johnson, Reverdy 214, 257 

Journey of Washington 219 

Jockey Club of Annapolis 222 

Johnson, George 229 

Jones, Richard 229 

Jones, Col. U. S. A 240 

Jones, Col 242,243 

Johnson, John 256, 263, 273 

Jones, William 257 



Johnson. Thomas, Gov 260 

Jones, William, Hon 284 

Jones, Com. T. Ap Catesby....265 

Johnson, George, death of 273 

Johnson, Reverdy, bom at A. 276 

Johnson, David 305 

Johnson, Reverdy, house in... 308 

Jones, Thos. R 316 

Johnson, Gen. Bradley T 320 

Journal of Father White 337 

Journal to be kept 838 

Jonathan, Pinkney 166 

Jones, Lewis 167 

Jury of able women 44 

Jury and Committee Rooms. . . 66 

Jury, verdict of 112 

Judicial proceedings 113 

Judges of the Court of Appeals 231 
Judges of Election threatened. 31 1 

Judges of Election . . .335 

Judges of Election returns 336 



K 



K. W's. school empowered to 

receive 79 

Kane, Col. Geo. P 268, 269 

Kane, Col., in front of cannon272 

Kaiser, Henry 305 

Kalmey, Jerry W 305 

Keepers of the liberty of Eng- 
land 25 

Kent, Isle of 29 

Kendall, Capt. (probably Fen- 

dall.) 36 

Kent county 39 

Kennedy, Dr. S. D. (note). . . 64 

Key, Philip 72 

Key, Theodoric 72 

Keene, rector of St. Anne's.. 75 

Keyton 83 

Kent Island, Broad Creek 112 

Kent Island to Annapolis. . . .112 
Kent Island, ferry Ijoat o verse tl 14 

Kent county school 126 

Kent, John. Esq 130 

Keppel, Commodore 160 

Keyser, Ephraim. . 187, 324 

Key, Francis Scott 213 

Kerr, John Leeds 225 

Keith, John 229 

Kent Island 238 



Kent, Hon. Joseph 23d 

Keene, Robt. T 248 

Kent, Doctor 256 

Kernan, Michael, sergeant.... 299 
Keffer, Capt., Provost Marshal310 
Keffer, Thos., Provost Marshal313 

Kenny, John student 321 

Key, Robert 167 

Kelso, James 170 

King's name not in commissio 25 

King submitted to 57 

King approved the resolution. 57 
King thanks for redeeming 
Maryland from "a tyran- 
nial Popish government". 57 
King William's school estab. . 65 
King William's school. .68,77, 78, 

96, 109 
King William's school's friends 79 
King William's school re-or- 
ganized 79 

King William, Academy of . . . 80 

Killbourne, Chas 86 

King and the fish- women 99 

King Birthday 101 

King's anniversary 137 

King's, the, passengers 157 

King George, the Third 175 



IKDEX. 



371 



^irkwell aud Blackwell, ship- 
builders 168 

l^ing Abraham and Queeu Sa- '< 

W:^ rah 161 

King William's school funds. .325 

Kilty, William 236, 256 

Kilty, John 330 

Killman, Mr. Nicholas 813 

King, J. Guest 316, 325 

Killing of William Stanley. . .330 



Xiangford's, John, defence of 

Capt. Stone 19 

Langford, John 25 

Lawson, John 31 

Lawrence, Hon. Sir Thos. . 64, 67 

Lanthome to be hung out 67 

Lawrence, Sir Thomas 87 

Lands, gectment and tres. for 91 

I»awsand privileges 93 

Laws of the province 97 

Lapear, Matthew, sentenced 

to death Il4 

Ladies dress discussed l36 

Law learning of America l27 

Latin notes in Annapolis 1 27 

Lammond, John, musician.... 1 30 
Landsdale, John, shoemaker. l30 

Law sign l30 

Dawson, Mexandria l39 

Last English Governor l53 

.Landing of Gov. Eden 153 

Launch of the Lovely Nancy 158 

Lady Lee and Matilda 158 

Landing of cargo refused 176 

Lawrence, Jno. ordered to de- 
part 184 

-La Fayette's stratagem 187 

La Fayette, Gen 196, 197, l98 

La Fayette naturalized 197 

Lady lectures 321 

La Fayette's risit toAnnap..339 
La Fayette's reply to Mayor of 

Annapolis 343 

Larimore, William 257 

Lavalette, Capt. E. A. T 365 

Landmark, ancient falls 267 

La Fayette, Gen 304 

Laurie, Rev. Dr 304 

La Fayette entertained under 
poplar 309 



Kii-klaiid. Robert. 166 

Kirliy. Tlxomas 167 

[viii^^slAu-y, .Tames 167 

King, John 167 

King, Thomas, Jr., 261 

Kin;Lj, Thomas 261 

Kirby, William 2dl 

Know Nothings 245 

Knapp, Ensign 320 

Kolk, Richard 87 

L 

Labors ©f writing History 336 

Lanes, powers over 338 

Lambert, Robert 167 

Lang, Robert 168 

Lappington, Thomas 170 

Legislature at Patuxent 31 

Lewis, Captain 36 

Lewis, Lieut. Wm. executed. 36 

Legget, Mr. executed 36 

Levies to fight Indians 38 

Legislature resist encroachm't 50 
Legislature peculiarly Protest 58 
Legislature gives the denial 

due it ^i'. 61 

Legislature's reply to Saint 

Mary's 

Leary Neck Cove 61 

Legislature first session in A . . 63 
Legislature adjourns to an ale 68 

house 

Legislature fails to help St. 63 

Anne's...., 70 

Leave to build a gallery in St. 

Anne's 71 

Lendrum, T.rec. of St. Anne's 75 

Lendrum, Montgomery 75 

Legislature receives severe re- 
flection 83 

Legislature and Gov. .Sharp, 

messages between 101 

Legislature and Gov. Bladen. 104 
Legislature resists taxation.... 105 
Legislature appoints Gov. Oglell3 

Legislature prorogued 113 

Lendrum, Rev. Andrew 115 

Letters of the first citizen 121 

Legislature, Assembly of Md..l31 

Lee, General 154 

Lee, Gov 158 

Lecture byalady 221 



S72 



INDEX. 



Lee, John 223 

Letherbnry , Peregrine 223 

Leonard vs. Chesapeake 226 

Leudrum, Lieut 242 

Lemon, trvro halves cause a riot. 270 
Legislature convened by Gov. 

Hiclis 285 

Letter of Seward to Gov. Hicks289 
Letters of Butler to Gov.Hicks.291 

293, 293, 294, 295. 
Leslie, Norman 0. Sergeant. . .299 
Legg, Charles, heroic act of. ..319 

Legg, Mr. James 319 

Lee, thos. Philip 167 

Line of plantations 18 

Liberty's 18 

Life in the colony 40 

Likened to a conquered people 51 
Lightning broke into the State 

House 67 

Lightning kills and wounds 

several delegates 67 

Lightning injures State House 67 

License to build a chapel 70 

Library of St. .John's 79 

Likeness of Queen Anne's SO 

Library, Maryland State 98 

Liberties, infringement of 108 

Lightning, schr. Peggy.stnick 

by 110 

Lightning strikes Court House 119 

Litigious spirit 144: 

Life of fashion and frivolty... . 144 

Linthicum, Benjamin 158 

Library of the State 163 

Liberty tree at Annapolis 174 

Licensed vessels 177 

Licenses 184 

Linthicum 245 

Linthicum, WeF.ley.248, 249, 250 

Lincoln, election of 281 

Lincoln's calls for Md. quota. SS5 

Lincoln, A 288,290 

Liqi^or seized by Provst Guard. 301 

Lit ";le , Ben jr. min 305 

Lic;»Jise to sell liquor in Anna. 339 
Liqjors, sale of, inAnnr.polis.3o9 
LloyJ.Edw. mRdeComn.Rnder 21 
LloyJ, Edward, and 77 others 27 
Lloyd, Edw....29, 30, 31. 44, 206 

Lloyd, Philip 97 

Lloyd, Governor 306 

Lloyd, Gov. and wife 330 

Lloyd, Ensign 320 



Lord Baltimore 17,- 

19, 24, 25. 
Lord Baltimore indignant at 

Puritans 23- 

Lord Baltimore writes to Gov. 

Stone 33 

Lord Baltimore directs Gov. 
Stone to proceed against 

Purit-Jins 23 

Lord Baltimore charged with 

adhering to rebels 24 

Lord Baltimore's eneraie.«? 34 

Lord Baltimore's agents 37 

Lord Balto. kept his patent... 31 
Lord Baltimore upbraids Gov. 

Stone 81 

Lord Ba'tira ore's officers begin 

todi\'u.l're 32 

Lord of Zofl's manifested 36 

Lord Baltimore's in.'^trnotions. 36 
Lord Bc.ltimors's deckrRtion 
on freedom of religion... . 37 

Loss of St?.te's Escords 40 

Lord Pro-orietoT, a scandal to 

the...: 41 

Lord Pronrietary to be con- 
sulted about 43 

Lord Propriety. ry seeks an inter- 
view" with Lower House. . 50 
Lower Horrs take vory he.^.vily 
to be liken to a conquered 

people 51 

Lower House insists on their 

rights 51 

Lots to be laid Oil, 1683 53 

Lots to revert, 1G83 53 

Lower Hous'; refuses to concur 
in punishment of I'lajor 

TriTTnan 55 

Lord Brltimore, residence of. 56 
Lord Esltimore orders his Gov. 
to rroclaira William and 

MaVy 57 

Lord Bfiltimore promises not 

to remove Capital 59 

Loss of Records of St. Anne's. 68 
Lower House ready to build a 

ckurch 68 

Lowe. S 71 

Lord Baltimore, friend of 73 

Lord Baltimore intercedes for 

Rev. Mr. Allen 73 

Lord Proprietary 79 

Lord Baltimore, portrait of.... 80 

4 



INDEX. 



378 



Lord's Day 90 

;LotsofK. W's. School 96 

Lock, William, Esq 97 

Xiot for Custom House 97 

"Lots who should kill, drawing. 103 

Louisburg, rejoicing over 103 

Lower House wants infor- 
mation 108 

Loyall, Captain 114 

Loundes, Christopher 118 

Lowe, Captain James 118 

Loyalty in Annapolis 136 

Loyalty, intense in Annap....l39 

Long Island, citizens of 150 

Lord Baltimore 152 

Lord Dunmore 155 

Lovely Xancy 158 

Lottery, first in province 159 

Lottery for St. John's 213 

Loockerman, William 224 

Lottery, public in AnnapoL-s.226 

Long, John 292 

Location of the Naval Acad- 
emy at Annapolis 284 



Long, R. C 263 

Lockwood, Prof 266 

Loockerman, T. C. shot 271 

Lockwood, Jas. Booth, born at 

Annapolis 278 

Lord Lyons suggested as medi- 
ator 289, 296 

Lomack, Louis 305 

Loockerman, Richard 307 

Loockerman, Mrs. F. T 807 

Local Election in Annapolis... 313 
Local Sensation at Annapolis. 320 

Local Option in Annapolis 325 

Local Improvement Ass'n. . . .325 
Loockerman, Jr., Mr. Jacob. . 82 

Low, Major 84 

Lusby, Baldwin 71 

Luxurious habits of Annap.. . 91 
Luxury, fashion, commerce.. . 92 
Lucas, Sipheorous, executed... 117 
Lucas, Chas. alias Powell, Jno.125 

Lucas, Captain James 139 

Lutheran Church 305 



M 



.Made a settlement 18 

Magothy River 18, 178 

Marsh, Thomas 21, 29, 30 

Maryland, made a shuttle-cock 26 

Magazine of arms 32 

Matthew, Thomas 47 

Maryland and Virginia united 

against Indians 54 

Major Thos. Trueman 54 

Major Trueman broke his in- 
structions 55 

Major Trueman guilty as im- 
peached 55 

Mayor, the, of St. Mary's 57 

.Mayor, &c., of St. Mary's, ad- 
dress of 58 

Market in Annapolis 64 

.Major Dorsey's house 64 

.Marchand, Mrs. Margaret. . . 65 
Magazine for everything but 

powder 66 

Marriage licenses, 1697 69 

Marriott, Emanuel 71 

Maccubbin, Moses 71 

Maccubbin, James.. . 71, 221, 226 
:Malcome, rector, of St. Anne's 75 
Mayor of Annapolis 76 



Masters of K. W's. school, Da- 
ken & Pligginbotham 80 

Maryland, Eastern Shore of . . 81 
Magazine and powder-house.. 82 

Macall, Mr 84 

Maryland, voyage to 91 

Maryland Gazette 94 

Maryland History, relic of 95 

Mariartee, Capt. Dan'l 96,97 

Macnemara, Thomas 97 

Market House, site for. ...... 98 

Maryland State Library. /. ... 98 

Marvelous in Gazette 101 

Maryland, the Treasurer of. ...106 

Magnificent dwellings 108 

Material transitions 108 

Matchlock of Maryland 108 

McNemara, Michael 110 

Manufacture of osnabrig Ill 

Maccubbin, Mr. Nicholas 112 

Masters ill-treat servants 113 

Mayor's plate 113 

Marriott, Mrs. Elizabeth 118 

Manufactory, stocking 130 

IMackubin, Richard, servant of 120 

Man killed by a woman 121 

Maver. Frank B. (in note) ...122 



3?4 



INDEX. 



Maryland, the, Gazette 12o 

Marshe, Mr., Secretary... 1B2, lo8 
Martyrdom of St. Charles I. ...135 
Masons establishf.d in Annap.138 
Masonic celebration in Annap.138 
Marriage ceremony in Americal42 

Maryland Politics 143 

Magristrates 143 

Malone 147 

Masonic Opera House 148 

Maryland Convention. .154, 180, 

222 
Maryland, Virginia Conven- 
tion to 155 

Matilda and Lady Lee 158 

Maryland Avenue 158 

>[arine Railway 158 

May-pole 159 

Mayer, F. B 104. 320, 325 

Marybnry, Beriah...lG7, 181, 189, 
229 

Maryland, declaration of 180 

Maryland troops ...182 

Martha, wife of Gen. Washing- 
ton 182 

Maccubbin, Nicholas, Jr 187 

Mann. Mr 201 

Mann's Hotel... 201, 222, 252, 306 

MaccnV)bin. Mrs. James 205 

IVIacall, Benj 220 

Martin, Luther 222 

Masonic celebration 223 

Mann, Lieut., U. S. N 227 

Magruder, A. C 227 

Mayor's Court 228 

Maryland Republican 233, 324 

Madison, Mr 233 

^^ladison. Fort 234 

Magruder, Col. Hy 239. 255 

Marine Band 242 

Magill, Charles 249 

Mann, Col 252, 305 

Magruder, Alex. C 254, 255 

Madison, President and wife.. 254 

Magruder, John IL T 263 

Madison, President 264 

Mayo, Isaac 265 

Marcy, Gov., Seeretiiry of War265 
Martial Spirit in Aiinapolis in 

1860 282 

Magruder, John R., speech of. 282 
Magruder, John R..284, 297, 308 
Macfeely, R., Lieut., reports 
to Gov. Hicks 288 



Mayor of Annapolis protests. .39ff^ 
Marchand, Francis T., house. 302" 

Matzen, Henry 305 

Martin, George 305 

Mason, Mrs. Judge J. Thomp.307 
Martin, Ex- Mayor, Thos. E. 307, 
308 

Mally, JohuS 315 

Maryland Hotel, Co 316 

Market Space 319 

Mahan, Lieut 320 

Blaryland reduced to submis- 
sion 25 

Maryland, Governors of 11 

Mayors of Annapolis 18 

Maintenance of bridges to An- 
napolis.? 343 

Maintenance of roads to Annap342 

Maryland, voyage to 327 

^Maryland reached 330- 

jMayor shall qualify as 335 

Maconochia John 167 

Macknbin, Richard 167 

Maw, James 167 

Mackel, Charles 167 

Macken, Thomas 168 

Mael, Matthias 168 

Manard, James 168 

Mayo, Thomas ..170 

McPherson, Rev. John, rector 

of St. Anne's 71, 75 

McDowell Hall. ..98, 214,217, 303 
McCoy, Alex., Irish servant... 100 
McKennie, Donald, executed,. 116 
McCoy, Morris, executed for 

murder 131 

McCoy, Morris, gibbeted 121 

McCarty, Hugh, Sir 136 

McNeir, Thos., thigh broken.. 149 

McLachlan, Capt 151 

McDaniel, Sarah 158 

McIIenry, James 199, 200 

McHand, Isaac, loaned money 

by city 200 

McDowell, John A. M...209, 212, 
219 

McPherson, Wm. H 229 

McMechen, Elizabeth 329 

]\Id. Gazette, poem in, on St. 

Anne's 73 

M'Faden. James 332 

McCeney, Joseph 256 

McKean, Commodore 366 

McAllister, Capt. Robt 368 



INDEX. 



375 



McAllister's, Capt., company.270 

McNew, Basil, shot 271 

McNew, Basil, arrested 300 

McCullough, Passamore 301 

McNeir, Geo 304 

McNamara'sRow 304 

McCuUough, Lt. S. T., deliv- 
ers oration 315 

McCullough, S. T 316 

McCurdy, John, engineer 320 

McKenzie 167 

McDonal 168 

McCarty, Con 168 

Merryman, James 21 

Meet and treat in the woods... 28 
Men of quality force to fly. ... 33 
Messengers between Stone and 

Puritans ' 34 

Men of St. Mary's 34 

Merchants, factors, and ma- 
riners to trade at ports.... 53 
Meeting-house of Puritans.... 69 
Members of Port o£ Annap. . . 96 

Men walking on water 101 

Members of the House of Dele- 
gates 102 

Men sold for fees Ill 

3Ieeting of freemen of Annap. 139 

Memory of St. Tamina 141 

^Meeting of County and City... 176 
Meeting to otfer jurisdiction to 

Congress 199 

Mercer. John T 222 

Mercer, Col. Francis 224 

Mercer, John F 226 

Mealing, Wm 225 

Methodist meeting house 243 

Meeting, public 249 

Meeting of workingmen 248 

Message of Gov. Hicks to Leg. 296 

Message to Washington 296 

Methodist Episcopal Church. .303 

Methodist Church, second 304 

Memorial. St. Anne's Mission 

Chapel 312 

Melvin, Geo. T 334 

Members who voted for State 

subscription 7 

Merri weather, Rueben 170 

Missionaries sent to Quakers. , 66 
Mills, Edward, negro boy ...100 

Mitchel, James, drowned 116 

Miscreants, gang of, in Annap. 120 
Militia training 130 



Miss Hallam, poetry about..,. 147 
Military Commission resigned 

by Washiugton 163 

Militia, formation of 175 

Militia called out 18.^ 

Mifflin, Gen 201, 206 

Mifflin's, Gen., address to 

Washington 207 

Military art , 227 

Middleton, William". 229 

Middleton, Gilbert 229 

Mlitary camp at Annap. 233, 238 

Miller, Capt 234 

Mitchell, Geo. E 239 

Miller's Hill 240 

Miller, James. 263 

]\Iill, deadly fire about to be 

made from 271 

Millions, Charles Carroll's 275 

Military display in Annapoiis.283 
Military possession of A. & E. 

R. R 29t> 

Military Station, an important296 

Miller, Oliver 297, 31 1 , 313 

Miller, John 1:03 

Miller, Chief Judge 319 

Mitchell, Lieut 32^) 

Minor liquor law 339 

Mitchell 167 

Minsky, Nicholas 167 

Morris, Mr. Robert, shoots at 

Pnritans 35 

Mobbed, Rev. Mr. Allen 72 

Montgomery, rector of St. 

Anne's 75 

Mode of electing delegates 86 

Montgomery, Capt Ill 

Mogg. Sol., the sexton 125 

Mosaic of sentiment 140 

Morris 147 

Morris, Mrs 148 

Mobbing of Hood 150 

Mourning, Gazette in 150 

Mob gathers 152 

Montague, Geo., Capt 156 

Montague, Capt., refuses to 

give up deserter 157 

Morris, Gov. of Philadelphia. 160 

Mount Vernon 207 

Morgan, Wm 222 

Mourning for Washiugton 224 

Morgue, Joe 250 

Monroe, President 255 

Morality and i-eady money 257 



376 



INDEX. 



Monument to Chas. Carroll.... 26 3 

Morse, Col. Augustus 299 

Monument to Cliarles Legg...3l9 

Morrison, Robert 166 

Moor, Robert 167 

Molleson, R 168 

Mr. Lloyd 23 

Mr. Harrison 23 

Mr. Richard Preston's House. 32 
Mr. John Hammond seizes 

records 32 

Mrs. Stone 35 

Mrs. Henry's hauteur 148 

Mr. "Waters' horse Parrott 159 

Mr. Mann's, public dinner at. 218 

Mr. George Mann 221 

M'Parlin, William 255, 261 

Mt. Moriah Congregation 305 

Murders haAing been commit . 54 

Munro, Sarah ..100 

Murder 101 

Murderers hanged 102 



Murdock, Esq.. Mrs 119 

Muster days 130 

Munroe, James, store of 157 

Murders by Indians 160 

Murray, James. 168, 220,229, 261 
Murray, Sarah, acrostic to. ...224 

Muir, John 225, 226, 227, 230 

Muir, Capt 227 

Murray, Henry M...259, 301, 302 

Murdock, Miss Ehza 282 

Municipal Election in Annap.284 

Munroe, Grafton 261, 304 

Munroe, Grafton, Jr 316 

Munroe, James 304 

Musgrave. Geo. W., D. D 304 

Museum, The State 324 

Munroe, C. E 325 

Murrow, Richard 167 

Munroe, William 167 

Myers, rector of St. Anne's... 75 

Myers, Hy. B 159 

"My Lady's Bower" 307 



N 



Nansemond River 19 

Naval Officers of the province. 105 

Kaval Officers' bond 107 

Kancy and Abigial 108 

Native shrewdness 144 

Naval Com. description of A. 145 

Naval Academy 148 

Native of North British 185 

Naturalization of LaFayettte.197 
Kaval Depot at A. agitated... 254 
Nat. Turner's insurrection. . .261 
Naval Academy at Annapolis.264 
IS aval Academy, resolution on264 

Naval Academy opened 266 

In aval Academy, additions to.. 267 

Naval Academy, area of 267 

Naval Academy of advantage 

to Annapolis 268 

Naval Academy, battalion 

cheer 282 

Naval Academy pulsates with 

war news 285 

National Flag on State House 298 

NajKes biscuit 307 

Naval Academy reserves 315 

Naval Academy helps trade. ..319 
"^'arnitive of the voyage to Md 327 

Natives of Maryland 33'2 

Negotiations for a settlement. 17 



Negative voice of his Lordship 27 
News of the Golden Fortune. . 32 
New political condition of Prov 79 

Nefarious plot 83 

Neivill, Samuel 86 

Newspaper, the first in Md... . 94 

iS'egroes ear cropped 95 

New Town 97 

Newspaper, second in Md 98 

News in the Gazette 99 

Newest make from Paris 101 

Negro man's hand cut o3 by 

sentence 102 

Negroes burnt to death 103 

Negro women executed 116 

Negro, Bristol, aged 125 120 

Negro, Daniel, executed for 

murder .... 121 

Negro accidentally killed 121 

News ot'Cornwallis's snrrend..l88 

Nephews of Washmgton 222 

Neth, Lewis 167, 226. 307 

Negro, Ruth 229 

News of Peace celebrated 239 

Neth, Captain 243 

New London 257 

Ney, Marshal of France 258 

Negro fugitives delivered to 

Sheriff 299 



INDEX 



37^ 



2s"egro Soldiers 313 

:Newell, J. T. brakemaii 320 

Newspapers of Annapolis. > . .324 

Neal, Tliomas 167 

Nicholson, Col. (Governor) ... 57 

Nicholson, Col 58 

Nicholson, Gov 60, 78 

Nicholson, Gov. indignant.... 63 
Nicholson, Gov. given a lot. . 64 

Nicholson's cove 64 

Nicholson, Francis, Gov. 67, 78, 

302. 
Nicholson, Gov. selects a site 

of St. Anne's 69 

Nicholson, Gov. active for St. 

Anne's 09 

Nicholson, Beall 71 

"NiuGteen, The Glorious" 244 

Nicholson, Rebecca 266 



Nineteenth of April 384 

Nicholson, Jos. II 311 

Nicholson and HoUahan 318 

Nicholson, Richard 167 

Niven, William 167 

Nicholson, George 168 

Norfolk county 19 

No oath, no land 19 

No answer to Pur. poposals. . . 33 
No precedent for sudden re- 
moval of Capital 60 

Norwood, Mr. Andrew 63 

Norwood, Mr. Samuel 69 

Non-attendance upon church. 71 

Novarre, John 87 

North side of Severn 96, 118 

"Noah's Ark, "injured by fire.313 

Noke. William 167 

Norris, John 167 



Oaths of allegiances 17 

-Oath modified for the Puritans 23 

Oaths usually appointed 88 

Oath unknown to the Laws. . .310 
Obedient to commonwealth... . 28 



Oldest inhabitants 350 

Old Blue Church 303 

One hundred acres to be laid 

off 53 

One of the signers 149 



Observing festival of St. Geo . 136 Opening of Naval Academy . ...366 

Obituary of Nicholas Brewer. 263 Opening of the Civil War 281 

Objects of L. Balto's settlem't 327 Openin 



Offer of A. A. no answer to 

J^ Legislature's proposal 57 

Officers of the province, 

residence of 58 

Offices open in spite stamp act. .151 

Officers of the Hornet 152 

Offer for U. S. Capital 199 

Ogilvie, Patrick. 87 

Oglebv, Patrick 97 

Ogle, Saml. Gov 98, 111, 307 

Ogle, Miss Anne, dies 112 

Ogle, Gov. calls extra session. 113 
Ogle's, Gov. speech toLegis...ll3 
Ogle, Gov. disappointed by 

Legislature 113 

Ogle, Gov. Samuel, dies 117 

Ogle, Samuel, Esq. and lady. 137 

Ogle, Ann, Mrs 354 

Ogle, House, The 307 

0'Hara,W 366 

Old clock, old hall, old Annap.122 
Old gallery torn down 163 



of Bay Ridge 323 

Orders in Annapolis 63 

Organist in St. Anne's, Mr. 

Woodcock 75 

Orme, Dennis, slave of 298 

Oration of S. T. Wallis 324 

Osnabrigs manufactured in A. Ill 

Osborne 147 

Otter, the sloop 178 

Other Ancient Houses 308 

Out-look of the city 109 

Overt act committed by Gov. 

Stone 33 

Overcrowding of the Jewess .268 

Owens, John E 148 

Owner of Rumney and Long. .158 

Owen, Mr. Richa'rd 213 

Owen, Edward ....16,7 

Owens, Saml 167 

Oyster creek 31 

Oyster House 158 

Ovsters, wealth of 275 

Ovster vesstl seized by Gov. ...399 



Part of Annapolis 19 Puritans. 



30 



878 



INDEX 



Parishiouei-s' gallery in St. 

Anne's 75 

Patuxent and Severn 28, 82 

Patuxent River 29, 56, 90 

Palmer's Island 29 

Patuxent county 31 

Packer. Mr *. 34 

Papist taken prisoners 36 

Papistry 46 

Patuxent 38, 111 

Paper and Meddall 55 

Parliamentary commissioners. 56 
Patuxent, place of meeting of 

Assembly 56 

Papers of collectors and Naval 

Officers 66 

Papers of clerk of House of 

Delegates 66 

Parishioners 20 miles from St. 

Anne's - 69 

Parsonage in Annapolis 73 

Paca. William. 74, 121, 161. 165, 

168, 169, 170, 176, 19G, 202, 

205, 220. 
Parks, William, printer. ...94, 95 

Parks, William 97 

Pages of Gazette reflect history 100 

Parish of St. Anne's 108 

Palatines, 200 108 

Patapsco Ill, 191 

Pain, B. tried for blasphemy. 114 
Pain, Bevis, bored through the 

tongue 114 

Parr, Mark, a remarkable roguel 14 

Pannelled walls 128 

Pavements, no 129 

Palatines olfered for sale 139 

Party prejudices waived 140 

Pardons 143 

Pay of members, (note) 143 

Passion week 147 

Page 147 

Parker 147 

Parole of Gov. Eden 154 

Packet of letters seized 154 

Parliament 172 

Packet upset oli Magothy. . .»?24 

Parker, Mr. Isaac 285 

Patrol on South River 281 

Palmetto flag hoisted in A... .284 

Parole, Camp 300 

Parsonage burnt 304 

Pattterson, Rev. J. M 304 

Paca Dwelling, The 307 



Paca, Governor 307" 

Parker, Jonathan 167 

Parker, John 168 

Parrott, Samuel 261 

Peace of the Colony 22 

People of North Patux. petit. 27 

Peaceable and loving way 28- 

People of Patuxent & Severn. 28 

Peter, Jafer 30' 

Peace in the Province 31 

People of Providence 34 

Petition, save lives of St. Mary's 

men 36 

Pedro, Jno. a Ger. executed... 36 
Peaoe, treaty ot with Indians 

in 1666 40 

Perrie, William 43 

People of St. Mary's make 

stern effort 57 

People of St. Mary's beseech 

Gov. Nicholson 57 

People of St. ]\Iary's try to 

keep Capital 58 

People of St. Mary's raise stock 59 

Petition from Ruth Gregg 69 

Permission asked to build a 

chapel 70 

Petition for a gallery, 1728... . 70 
Personal chastisement, Rev. 

Mr. Allen 72 

Pearce, Col 82 

Peacocke 83 

Petition of Cor. of Annapolis. 86 
Petition of Charter of Anna- 
polis acted upon 87 

Perquisites, fees, profits 90 

Perjury 101 

Persons of the Romish Com... 102 
Peggv, schnr. struck by light- 
ning 110 

Pew gives way 110 

Peale, Mr. Charles 125 

Peale, Charles Wilson 126 

Petition of single females of A. 133 

P. P. P. P. i\ 136 

People of Annapolis loyal. . . . 136 
Perry, Mary, sentenced to die. 139 

Peace, celebration of 221 

Performers, dramatic 146 

Pendleton, Edw 155 

Peggy Stewart, burning of... 169, 

170, 174. 
Peace, treaty of, celebrated. ..194 
Peace meetings 233. 



INDEX 



379- 



Peace celebration 2'"!0 

Pennsylvanians, company of ...358 
Peale, Chas. W. born at A... .378 

Peck, Thomas, D. D 304 

Porter, Rear Admiral, D. D..315 
Petty burglaries and arsons... 31 G 

Peaco, Samuel ....361 

Philip, William, branded 114 

Phantom pleasure pursued... 141 

Photograph of Hood 149 

Philip, Capt. John 273 

Philadelphia, U. S. Ship 303 

Philips, Solomon 304, 313 

Piccard, Mr. Nicholas 40 

Piscattoways 54 

Pinkney, Wm. student of K. 

W's School 65 

Pinkney, Wm. native of An. . 65 
Pinkney and Johnson, peers 

of any 65 

Pinkney, Wm....79, 80, 303, 332, 

331, 333. 

Pinnace for the canoe 109 

Pickeraan, Capt 109 

Pillory in Annapolis 131 

Pinkney, Mr. Robert 131 

Pitt, portrait of 163 

Pinkney, Hall 217 

Piracy on Chesapeake 336 

Pinkney, Joathnan of Robt....339 
Pinkney, banqutted in Anna . 330 

Pinkney, Wm. and family 354 

Pinkney, Somerville 363 

Pinkney, Wm. born at Annap.276 

Pikesville, arsenal at 395 

Picket guard captures a slave.398 
Pindle, T.N. enrolling officer. 800 

Pinkney, Joseph 305 

Pinkney flouse. The 308 

Pinkney, Jonathan. 167, 336, 373, 

383. 

Pipier, William 167 

Plantations, line of 18 

Place, ought to take, deputies 44 
Plot that struck at Annap. . . 83 

Pleasure, Queen's known 93 

Plater, George, Esq 95 

Pleasure pursued 141 

Plavs on the board 147 

Plebian 185 

Plater, George 197 

Plater, Gov. George 3-^0 

Plater, Col 345 

Planter's Guards 349 



Porter, Peter 1& 

Popish party begin to divulge 33 
Port made at Town of Proctors 53 
Ports, exportations to be from 53 
Poor accommodations of the 

Ridge 56 

Poem on St. Anne's in Gazette 73 
Poem accomplishes rebuilding 

of St. Anne's 74 

Portraits of Queen Anne and 

Lord Baltimore 80 

Port of Annapolis 87, 94 

Port of Annapolis, members of 96 

Powder-house Hill 06- 

Powders and Chinese stones. ...100 

Pope riding upon his bull 101 

Poney, Thomas, burnt in hand. 116 

Powell, James, hung 117 

Point, Windmill 130 

Powell, Jno. alias Chas. Lucas. 125 

Politics 143 

Populace irritated 1 57 

Potomac River lOO- 

Portraits in Senate Chamber.. 162 

Portrait of Pitt 163- 

Portrait of first Lord Balto....l63 
Portrait in Senate Chamber. ...164 
Portrait of 3rd Lord Balto... .164 
Post, Parliament prohibited. .176 
Political prisoner in Annapolis. 1 89 
Political fued injures St..John'?2l3 

Porter, Capt. U. S. N 211 

Porter, Com 254 

Police for the city 257 

Population of Annapolis. 258, 280' 

323. 

Politics a heroic game ..274 

Porter, J. C. 2nd Lieut 280 

Poet, local on Col. Smith 297 

Poplar on College Campus 368 

Poplar set on fire 309 

Porter, V. A'l, D. D 316 

Poplar on St. John's set on 

fire 321 

Powers of the Cor. of Annap.. 336 

Powers of Port Wardens 839 

Powers of incorporate officers. 339 

Providence 19, 34 

Protector, The 24 

Preston, Richard. 36, 38, 31, 33, 

44. 
Providence sends a petition.. . 26 
Preston, Richard and 60 others 27 
Providence, in church meeting 38 



:680 



IKDEX 



iPreparations for war 31 

Proposals of Puritans to Stone 33 

Price, Ck)l 36 

.Province restored to Lord 

Baltimore 37 

Piescott, Edward, arrested, ac- 
quitted 47, 48 

Providence changed to the 

Town at Proctors 52 

:Preston's house, llicn. assem- 
bly meets at 56 

Provincial Couit removes to 

the Ridge 56 

Provincial Court removes from 

the Ridge 56 

Proprietary promises not to re- 
move Capital from St. 

iM;iy's in his life 56 

Pri'videace desires the cdpifcil 57 
Protestant religion established 

in Maryland 57 

Protestant 57 

Protestant, Leg. peculiarly.... 58 

Proctors, Town at 58 

Province, centre and riches 

part of 62 

■Prolection for colonists 71 

Prote;.'e of the State, St. Anne's 73 
Price of second State House . . 80 
Printed charter of Annapolis.. 80 
Provincial business in the Court 

House 81 

Processes stayed at fairs 90 

Trofits, perquisites, fees 90 

Privileges and laws 93 

Printer, Jonas Green 98, 112 

Pretender's Health, drinking 

of, punished 137 

Preface 5 

Prospect to Annapolis 96 

^Protest against Popery 99 

Procession at Depsford...l01, 102 

Pretender, The lOl 

Prerogative, important of, Govl02 

Proctor's Landing 108 

Printing press 108 

Province famous as centre of 

social pleasures, &c 109 

Pretenders health 110 

Prorogation of Ijegislature... .113 

Prison at Annapolis 114 

Principal families 128 

■Prototype of European social 
life 145 



Proprietary, revenue of fhe....l43 

Proctor's, Town Land at 146 

Presbyterian Church 148 

Prisoner, a royal 155 

Proprietary interest of Md 155 

Prince George street 158 

Protest by citizens of Anna- 
polis on Boston resolutionsl66 
Proposal to burn Peggy Stew. 174 

Private corres. examined 175 

Proclaimed Governor 182 

Procession at Inauguration of 

Governor 182 

Proclamation call'g out Militial83 

Prisoner in Annapolis 189 

Presidents, four future 206 

President Wash.'s visit to A. .318 

Pryfe, Thomas 224 

Prince George Street, wharf... 2S8 

Pratt, Governor 245, 273 

Price, Henry 262 

Proclamation on fees 279 

Proclamation of Thanksgiging 281 

Pratt, Thos. G 282, 307, 311 

Proclamation of Buchanan 283 

Protest of Mayor of Annapolis.296 

Provost Guard 301 

Provost Guard seizes liquor,... 301 
Presbyterian Church in Anna.304 

Provost Marshal 310 

Price's, Smith, fire at 311 

Printing, Gazette fails to obtain313 
Preparatory department St. 

John's College 312 

Prosperity of St. John's Col. .317 
Progenitors of inhabitants ol A324 

Prooertv of City exempt 341 

Prew, William ...167 

Pryse, Thomas 167 

Psalter, Peter 137 

Puritans... 17, 19, 24,32,35, 36, 

37. 

Puritan district 19 

Puritans refuse to take oath 

of fealty., 19 

Puritans compared to snake in 

fable 20 

Puritans charged with desire 

to domineer 20 

Puritans send delegates to 

Legislature. 1651 20,23 

Providence 20 

Puddington, Mr 21 

Puddington, George 21 



INDEX 



381 



Puritans who settled Annap... 

Price, Capt. John 

Puritans petition the Com. . . . 

Puritans charge terms of settle- 
ment and oath of fealty d© 
not agree 

Puritans complain to Council 
of State ». 

Puritans called factious fellows 

Puritans defend their conduct. 

Puritans beg and bemoan 

I*uritans of Providence. . . .31, 

Puritans and Catholics ;. 

Puritans sends mes. to Stone.. 

Puritans grieved at their hum- 
ble message 

Puritans' proposals to Stone.". 

Puritan mes:ergers seized by 
Stone 

Puritans get in re;^-r ot St. 
Mary's men 

Puritans win the battle of the 
Severn 

Puritans lose four in battle ox 
Severn 

Puritans close matter after 
their own way 

Puritans execute 4 St, Mary's 



36 



36 



Puritan Assembly 56' 

Publique Buildings, lots set 

aside for 64 

Public Buildings left solely to 

Province 6-7 

Puritans, meeting-house of... 69' 
Publication of sermon of Mr. 

Coney 69 

Pulled down ^nd State House 81 
Publication, Grazette ceased... 95' 

Public Circle 97 

Public School in Annapolis.... 98- 

Puritans, The 108- 

Puritanical ideas not prevalentl42 
Public meeting about Boston.. 165- 

Pulaski's legion of cavalry 184 

Pungent correspondence 185 

Publicok 185 

Public Dinner to Washington. 193 
Public dinner at Mr. Mann's. 218 

Puritan disappears 374 

Public Buildings. Churches 

and Anr^ient Landmarks.. 302 
Public School Building in A.. 308 
Public Lands and Buildings 

reserved 341 

Public Cemeteries 343 

Pypowdry, Court of 90 



Q 



Quakers and Indians disturb 

the Colony 37 

Quakers, e^rly settlement in 

Maryland 43 

Quakers petitioning to a£irm. 43 

Quakers, acts against repealed 44 

Quaint and sneering reply 61 

Quakers, missionaries i^enx, to. 66 

Quarrel with Daniel Dulany... 73 

Quee:i Anne's bell burned 77 

Quaiiio and curious volumes... 79 

Queen Anne, portrait ol 80 

Queen, defender of the Moh. 87 

Queen's ple.\si:re known 93 

Queen Caroline, birthday of. 95 
Quarrel bet^veen Gov. Bkden 

a^:d Le^rislature 105, 106 



Quiver of the Indian 108 

Quarters, servants' 139 

Queen Anne's garden 139 

Quf bee. taking of, celebration.139 
Queen Sarah and King Abra- 
ham 161 

Quynn, John Allen 176^ 

Quaint and agreeable 301 

Queen Anne 355 

Qualificatiori of memliers of 

corporation 385 

Quynn, Allen.. .71, 177, 187, 198, 
199, 325, 228 

Quynn, Jr., Allen 23^ 

Quynn, Caspar 248 

Quota for drafts 315 



R 



Baleigh, brig, Ill 

Ranks of Colonial society 126 

Races 138,159 



Races in Annapolis 141, 156 

Ravages by small- pox 14S 

Raillery, Annapolis on -lives... 145 



^^2 



INDEX 



Bace course, shipyard and In- 
dians 157 

Kamsey, Col 196 

Ramsay, Benj., Chief Judge... 230 

Randall, John 1C7, 227, 337, 

255, 308 

Rjindall, J. Jr 358 

Ralferty, Dr. Wm 357, 359 

Railroad between Balto. and 

Annapolis 363 

Randall, Alex. ..263, 384, 397, 313 

Ramsay, Capt. Francis M 367 

Railroad built to Naval Acade.386 
Randall, Mrs. Alex., residence308 

Randall, J. Wirt 308, 333 

Randall, John, Alex. R., son of313 

Randall, Daniel 330 

Railroad, A. & B. S. L 333 

Ranken, George 167 

Ranken, George, Sir 168 

Jleconciliation of the Puritans. 81 
Refusal to issue writs in Com- 
monwealth's name 35 

Rebellion against Lord Balto. 38 
Rebels at Patuxent and Severn 33 
Religious Liberty in Maryland 37 

Records of Courts 40, 91 

Rebels to his Proprietary 46 

Representative, I n d i s c reet, 

from A. A. Co 49 

Refuses to concur, Upper 

House 51 

Removal of capital to Annap. 55 
Residence of Lord Baltimore. 55 
Revolution of Coode approved 

by the King 57 

Religion supported by taxation 57 
Residence of officers* of prov. 58 
Removal of Legis. to Ridge... 59 
Removal of Courts to Ridge... 59 
Removal of capital, full house 

regrets 60 

Reputation of province, St. 

Mary's solicitous for 61 

Reply of Legis. St. Mary's... 61 
Removal to Annap., consumat 61 

Records reach Annapolis 61 

Report of Com. to build a 

church in Annapolis 65 

Records of Chancery Court,... 66 
Rector, second, of Ss. Anne's. 69 
Rector, third, of St. Anne's. . 69 
Rector, receives $350 salary 
in .717 69 



Revenues of St. Anne's 69 

Rector preaches outside of St. 

Anne's 69 

Rector All Saints being dead. 65 

Rector of St. Anne's 75 

Retribution had come 75 

Rector, report of, St. Anne's. 77 
Report of rector of, St. Anne's 77 
Rector of King William school IS 
Rector, Governors, &o., of K. 

W's. school 79 

Register of K. W's. school to 

give notice 79 

Records of K. W's. school lost 80 

Records, burning of the 83 

Relic of Maryland history 95 

Residence, house for Governor 98 
Residence, fund for Governors 98 

Records, legislative. 98 

Reading the Bible 101 

Rebellion lOl 

Rejoicing over Louisburg. . . .103 

Reward of £50 offered 112 

Rebels imported and sold 112 

Reynold, Mr. Wm., drowned.113 

Rebels for sale 136 

Records of the club 131,132 

Reverend, a, whipped 137 

Revenge of the proprietary. . . 143 

Repeal of Stamp act 151 

Rejoicing over repeal of Stamp 

act 151 

Recommendation of Congress. 155 

Return of Gov. Eden 157 

Rebels, ship load of 157 

Resolutions about Boston 165 

Resolutions of Md. against 

English oppression 169 

Respect of personal rights... .170 
Representation of Eug.officers' 

cases 189 

Reply of Washington to Annapl93 
Reply of Annap. to Gen. Greenel95 
Replies of La Fayette.. ..196, 197 
Resignation by Washington of 

military commission 300 

Reply of Wash, to council of 

State 303 

Reply of Washing, to Annap 203 
Reply of State to Washington304 
Registry of Alumni of St. 

John's 313 

Reception of Washington. . . .231 
Reid. James 239 



INDEX 



383 



Rea. John 329 

Ti€publican, Maryland.. ..233, 324 
Republican's and Gazette's 

quarrel 236 

Regulars from Fort Severn.. ..243 

Reform Electors 244 

Representation, basis of 245 

Reform of Maryland 246 

Reed, Capt. James 254 

Repository, Regl. & Lit'y 256 

Resolutions of colored people. 262 
Resolutions on Naval Academ.264 
Read, Commodore, Geo. C — 265 

Report of the riot ..271 

Retrospect of two centuries... 274 

Remnant of treason 298 

Revell, James. 301, 302, 311 

Redemptorist Order 304 

Residence of Mrs. A. Randall. 308 

Revell, Martin 311 

Representatives in botharmies314 

Regan, John C 316 

Report on St. John's College. 316 

Hevell, State's Attorney 318 

Rehn, Louis H 320 

Revenues of Annapolis 320 

Record, The ..325 

Review of labor of writing 

History 326 

Returns, election, judges of... 336 

Rescue Hose Co 15 

Real estate, taxes on 340 

Regulation of sale of liquors. 339 
Richard Bennett's plantation. 18 

Ridgely, Henry 19,97 

Ridgely, Col. Henry 19 

Ridgely, Charles. 19, 199,222,319 

Ridgelys, Tomb of 19 

River of Severn 39 

Richardson, Eliz., hanged as 

a witch 49 

Rights of Lower House insists 51 
Hidge, the capital, removed to 56 
Ridge, capital removed from,. 56 
Richest part of the province . 62 

Ridgely, Mrs. Richard 64 

--Ridout, John 71, 74, 308 

Ridgely, Mr. David.. 80, 148, 319 

Richetts, Thomas 85 

Right to erect cities 92 

Ridgely, Mr 97 

Richmond, the ship 109 

Riders, bold 128 

Richard Buckell & Co., exhibl39 



Riot over stamp act in Annapl49 
Rioters pull Hood's house 

down 150 

Ringgold, Thomas 150 

Richardson, Capt. Joseph 151 

Ridgely, Richard... 210, 225, 256, 
319 

Ridgely, Charles,of Wm 222 

Ridgely, Henry,of Annapolis. 223 
Ridgely, Absalom... 226, 227, 303 

Ridgely, Major Chas. S 234 

Riot in Annapolis, 236, 263 

Ridout, Sam'l 235, 308- 

Ridgely, Charles S., Col 240 

Ridout, Horatio 226, 254 - 

Ridout, Addison. 255 - 

Ring $, poliiical 256 

Riots and noise 257 

Ridgely, E.D 258 

Riglit of soldiers to vote 258 

Riot, fears of 269 

Riot, State's cannon used in... 271 

Riot, investigation of 272 

Riley, Elihu S 273, 324 

Richest man in America 275 

Ridout, Dr. John.. ..297, 303, 304- 

Rival for Balto 298 

Ridgely's, David, description 

of Third Gov's, residence. 308 
Ridout, Miss Hester A. Chase. 306 - 

Ridout, Dr. Wm.G 308- 

Ridout, Horace 308 

Ridouts, the 308- 

Right of Elective Franchise.. 310 
Ridgely, Abslaom, merchant. 319 

Ridgely, John 319 

Ridgely, Nicholas 319 

Ringe, student John B 321 

Rinehart, WilUam 324 

Riley, Elihu S,, Jr W4 

Ridgely, Absalom, the, 2nd. ..324 

Ridgely, Wm. S 324 

Ridge, Robert 167 

Richards, Joseph 167 

Ridgely, Greenbury 170 

River, West 170 

Roll-book 18 

Roundheads to be forced to 

submit 34 

Roundheads 34 

Robinett, Allen, keeper of Sev- 
ern Ferry • . 63 

Rooms of the State House to 
befitted up 67 



384 



INDEX 



Room wanted in St. Anne's... 71 
Royal patronage of K. Ws. 

school 77 

RoboLham, Col. Geo 78 

Royalty in bad odor 80 

Rosey, Crowne, in Norfolk 

Towne 84 

Robinson, William 95- 

Robinson's, Peter, school 102 ~ 

Romish, communion, persons. lO'J 

Robert, Mr. William Ill 

Rogue, a remarkable 114 

Ross. John, Esq 115,324 

Rogers, Esq., Wm 115 

Robbery in Annapolis 117 

Roberts, Hugh 126 

Royal prisoner 154 

Roberts, Mr. William. . . .157, 181 

Row-gp.llies or gondolos . , 177 

Roxburg, Major Alex 188 

Rock Hall 194,218 

Rochambean, Count 194 

Robert", Rev. Mr 224 

Ros?, Wm 229, 261 

Rowles, Joseph 229 

S 

Sanders, Mr. James 63, 64 

Saylor, A 8i 

Sale, rebels for, 126 

Sanitary men sure 175, 170 

pjgands, Lewis 226 

Salmon, Simpson r29 

Sands, Joseph "355 

Sands, James 273 

Sand Cord, James 301 

Salvation Army and Barracks. CO j 
Sale oi' Cadet v;icancy offered. 318 

Sampson, Miss 320 

Sale ol liquors in Annapolis. .oSD 

Sands, John 167* 

Sappington, luark Brown 170 

Sands, Thomas ^ 361 

Sanse, Peter 261 

-Scott, Mr. John 44 

-Scott, Dr. Upton 71, ?.m 

Scott, Upton 75 

School, KingWilliam's77, 96,109 

School street a memento 73 

Schools in the counties 97 

Schoob of Anne Arundel 97 

School House 108 

School, Kent county 126 



Ross. Thomas 234 

Robinson, Mrs. M 243- 

Ro:?rr3, Com 254 

Robinson, Rev. Thos. drowneJ272^ 

Robir.soa, J. Wesley 305 

Robinsen, Matthias 305 ' 

Ross, Lieut. Albert 30S 

Root, Col. A. R 313 

Route of Md. settlers 329 

Roads to Annapolis 343 

Ross, Nathaniel 167 

Roberts, Charles 167 

Robinson, Elijah 170, 176 - 

Ruthevs, Samuel 19 

Runaway servants to be retnr 29 
Rules and orders in Annapolis 63 

Rumnej and Long Ill, 157 

Russeil, Wm. H., in Annap.,.299- 

Russell, Joclah 305 

Russian sailor killed 313 

Ruark, Oliver M., schooner. .320 
Rumors of B^ilitmore's patent 
to be taken from him .... 23 
House 81 



Scottisjh patriots 126- 

Scoevola 185 

Scene.i at Annapolis 187 

Schoff, Dr. John David 220 

Schwr&r, George 255 

Schwrar, P 259 

Scott, Lieut. Gen 285 

Schaar, Arthur 307 

Schwrar, P. S 315 

Scenes in Court House of An.. 318 

Seharf, Col. Thos. J 324 

Severn 17, 34, 145, 15J, 183 

Settlement of Annapolis 17 

Severn rdver....l8, 111, 114, 115, 

218. 

Settlement of South River 19 

Settlers at Providence tranquil- 

ized 23 

Sectaries and iJshismatics 24 

Severn, Battle of 33 

Servants gallery in St. Anne's 75 
Second State House, form of.. 80 

Severn, entrance to the 81 

Seymour, Gov. John .81, 93 

Seymour, Gov . . 83 

Seymour, John, Royal Gov. ... 85 



INDEX. 



385 



Seymour, Gov. John, gives 

charter to Annapolis 85 

Severpul persons of qualitie in 
Anne Arundel offer to 

erect public buildings 57 

Severn Ferry instituted 63 

Sermons of Rev. Peregrine 

Coney 69 

Severn, head of 71 

Second State House in Annap. 80 
Second message of Puritans to 

Gov. Stone 33 

Sentry of St. Mary's fires sig- 
nal 36 

Senecas 54 

Several murders committed ... 54 

Seymour, John, Esq 87, 91 

Severn, Xorth side of 96 

Second Newspaper in Md 98 

Sentence to cut off man's handl02 

Seat of Government 108 

Senhouse, John Il2 

Servants ill-treated 112 

Senhouse, Hannah, blamed.... 112 

Sedgley. Capt 116 

Servant, bravery of 117 

Servant of Richard Mackubinl20 

Sexton, the, Sol. Mogg 125 

Servants 126 

Secret chambers 128 

Servpjits' quarters 129 

Servant, duties of 131 

Session, club in 132 

Secretary, speech of Tuesday 

club : 134 

Sentenced so have ear cut of. . 137 

Seminary at Annapolis 153 

Severn, the schooner 158 

Selby, John S., merchant 158 

Severe's blacksmith shop 158 

Senate Chamber, portrait in... 162 
Second bunrt offering to liberty 174 

Senator 185 

Sentry 185 

Seat of Government settled... 200 
Settlement of claims of St. 

John's 213 

Seizure of St. John's 214 

Sellman's, Capt., troop. 240. 243 

Senate 244. 245 

Sellman, John S: . . .245, 248, 249 
Sexton's character 251 

25 



Severn River bridge 357 

Severn Guard 282 

Separate sovereignity for Md.282 
Seabrook, W. L. W.284, 29T. 299 
Seward, Wm. H., letter of, tv) 

Gov. Hicks 289 

Seventh Regt. from NewYork296 
Secession feeling strong in A.. 297 

Secession Youths 297 

Sellman, Richard 300 

Severn River Ferry 300 

"Secesh Democracy" berated. 300 
Second Gubernatorial Mansion303 
Second Methodist Church . . . 804 

Settlers reach Md 330 

Settlement of Md 380 y 

Settlers and the Indians 331 

Session of Corporation :335 

Seleven, Brite 167 

Selby, Joseph /...167 

Severe, Vachel ::61 

Sherley. Gov. of Boston..... ...100 

Ship, Winchelsea. armed 114 

Shrewdness of the Natives. . 144 
Ship Tavern, in South east st.118 

Shipwright Street 157 

Shipyards, race courses, and 

Indian s 157 

Ship load of rebels 157 

Shipyard, First 157 

Ship building declined 158 

Sharpe, Horatio, Gov., arrivesl51> 
Sharpe, Gov., expostulates... .164 

Ship Totness 174 

Shaff, Arthur 226 

Shaw, John 226 

Shaff.. John T .'...22^ 

Shaw, James .255 

Shipley, Wm. A 257 

Shaw, Geo 258 

Shurman, William 272 

Shephard, Basil 261. 304 

bhaffer. Detective 318 

Shakespeare Water cure 320 

Short Line Railroad 320 

Shoem, Maccubbin N. - . ...167 
Should know he was Gov. 

again 33 

Ship Mary and Francis 45 

Ship required to unload at ports 5g 

Shipyards to be reserved 63 

Sharpe, Gov. 71, 72, 150, 151, 160 



886 



INDEX 



Shallup, Evans Jones' 82 

Sheriff of Anne Arundel. ..84, 89 

Shumcr, Mr 84 

Sbeiiif for Annapolis 89 

Sheriff of Anne Arundel co., 

entitled to jurisdiction in 

Annapolis 94 

Shipping of Annapolis..., 95 

Ship with slaves 95 

Sharp messages between Gov. 

and Legislature 100 

Ship William and Anne 103 

Ship captured 104 

Ship ransomed 103 

Ship, the Kichmond 109 

Site of St. Anae's selected by 

Gov. Xic holt on 69 

Sinking fund 71 

Site of King William's school 78 

Situation of Court House 81 

Simpson, William 82, 83 

Simpson. Cooper, Williams, 

Peacocke, and Keyton.... 83 

Site for Market House 98 

Sign, Tavern 129 

Sifting of the Assembly 143 

Site of Tneatre 147 

Sisters of Xotre Dame, house of 157 

Situation of State House 162 

Simpson, Thomas 229 

Simmons, Joseph 250 

Sick prisoners arrive at Annap302 

Simpsdu. Jonathan 168 

Sibell. Henry 168 

Sketch of William Pinkney. .276 
Sketch of Keverdy Johnson.. 276 
Sketch of John D. Goodman. 277 
Sketch 01 Stewart Holland.. .277 
Sketch 01 Chas. Wilson Peale.278 
Sketch of Jas. B. Lockwood. .278 

Sketch of Daniel Dulany 278 

Skingie, Samuel 167 

Slaves gallery in St. Anne's. . 75 

Slaves, ship with 95 

Slaves, catching 103 

Sloop Molly, captured. Ill 

Slade, Capt. 158 

Slanders against Air. Green.. 225 
Slaves captured by a picket 

ilUf-.rd 298 

Slicer. Andrew 304, 201 

Slemaker's. Mr. Jno., houses. 313 
Smith, Uev. Wm 209 



Smith, Joan 17 

Smith, Capt . John 31 

Smith, Mr. Richard 41 

Smith, Robt 78 

Smith, Thomas 78 

Smithers, house of 82 

Small boat well armed S3- 

Smithers, Christopher 87 

Smith, Wm., carpenter 95 

Smith, Edward 97 

Small-pox in Annapolis.. 119, 313 
Small-pox ravages Indians. . . l43 

Small wood, Col. Wm l82 

Smallwood, Major Gen l88 

Suiallwood, Gen 201, 206 

Smith, Rev. Doctor W 209 

Smook, Lieut •4>54 

Smith, John, Jr 262 

Smith, Wm. T 269, 'ilO 

Smith, Col. 13th X. Y 297 

Smith, M. M 305 

Smith's house, Aunf Lucy. . .308 
Smith, John, husband of A. 

L.Smith 308 

Smith, Airs. Lieut. J. T 320 

Smith, Capt 327 

Smith, Archibald 168 

Snowden, Richard 95 

Snowden, Capt -82 

Society of Cincinnatti 195 

South River, 19, 70, 82, 84, 95, 
115, 209, 219 

Sons of Thunder 32 

Sop for Governor's vanity 60 

.Sot-weed factor 91 

South River, storm toward. . .108 

Social pleasures 109 

South River Club 110, 131 

Society Colonial, ranks of 126 

Southern provinces, not puri- 
tanical 142 

Sons of Liberty. 151 

Soldier deserts 157 

Soaper, James P 256 

Soldiers, right of, to vote 258 

Soutli River, patrol on 2bl 

South Carolina 282 

Soldiers vote in Annapolis. . . • 310 

Soldiers, negro dl'i 

Soldiers of A. meet in conflict. 314 

Soldiers, fraternization of 315 

Society, A. A. Co. Historical. 320 
Spa Creek 19, Ji5 



INDEX. 



387 



Space on water side for ware- 
house in A ^^ 

Speculation as to origin of St. 

Anne's 6^ 

Sprv, John 84 

Spaniard, on left 102 

Spring. Col. Edward, speaker . 104 St. Mary s, the venerated capi- 
Spinkfe. Daniel, executed 118 tal. • . -o 



St. Mary's county 39 

St. Mary's 39, 40 

State's Records, loss of 40 

State House destroyed by fire. 40 
St. Mary's, removal of capital 
from &''5 



Speech of Sec. of Tuesday Clubl84 

Spencer 147 

Spri.^g. Richard 200 

Springs. Saul -30 

Sparks. Dr. Edward 250 

Spencer, Col 382 

Speech of Gov. Hicks 28?> 

Spirit of improvement in An. .315 



St. Mary's undisturbed until 
1683 56 

St. Mary's, capital, once more 
settled 56 

St. Mary's has a life tenure 
in the capital 56 

Struggle, a brief 57 

St. Mary's, hope of 58 



Spa Bridge.: 316 St. Mary's immolated. .^... . o8 

Spa, Bridge over the.... 318, 324 St. Mary's, a mere landing 

Spaulding, G. W., baggage- pl^ce.... ,-;v ■■;,• 

^ * » oo „^^ ^^^ Mary s has several disad- 



master 320 

Spirit of Improvement 323 

Sparrow, Thos 167 

Sprigg, Benjamin 168 

Sprigg, Thomas 170 



vantages 58 

St. Mary's Catholic, Legisla- 
ture Protestant 57 

State House at St. Mary's 57 



Stone:'Captain. :;■.■■. ;■.■. 19 Stat« House in Annapolis 57 

c^-.T,. an-^ nrnnUims Priuce St. Mary's petition Gov. Nich- _ 



Stone, Gov., proclaims Prince 
of Wales 24 

Stone made Gov. by com'r 25 

Stone removed under misun- 
derstanding. ■ ;■ 25 

Stone's men execrate the Puri- 
tans 35 

Stone proclaims the Puritans 
rebels 27 

StronsT, Leonard, Mr 28 

Strong. Leonard. . .29, 30, 31, 32 



Mary's petiti 

olson 57 

St. Mary's rejoices at Gov. 

Nicholson elevation 58 

St. Mary's prays for the quiet 

of Gov. Nicholson 58 

St. Mary's asks to claim an- 
cient franchises . 58 

St. Mary's people Catholics... 58 

State House at St. Mary's 58 

St. Mary's, State House, at... 58 



S ring'ent Laws. .'.V. . .' ....' ' 31 State House at Annapolis. 58 

Stone Gov 32 St. Mary's tries tokeepcapital 58 

St Mary's men 'declare they St. Mary's capital for 60 years 59 



will have the government 32 

Stone, Capt. William 33 

Stone's men plunder a house. . 34 
Stone, Gov., in ignorance of 

intentions of Puritans . . 34 
Stone, Gov., arrives at the 

Severn 34 

St. Mary's men defy Puritans. 35 

St. Mary's men killaman 36 

St. Mary's men routed 36 

Stone, Gov., yields on quarter 

given 36 

Stone. Gov., condemed to death 36 
Stone, Gov., wounded 36 



St. Mary's, spring, at 59 

St. Mary's, advantages of 60 

St. Mary's, accessiblentss of... 60 
St. Mary's uncentral position 

for capital 60 

St. ^[ary's solicitous for reputa- 
tion of 61 

St. Mary's, reply of Legis. to. 61 
St. Mary's compared to Pha- 

roah's Kine • • • • 61 

St. Mary's unequally ranks.... 62 
St. Mary 's called ill-improvers 62 
Stir of a new vitality in Annap 68 
State House, first in Aniiap.... 66 



388 



INDEX. 



State House has a tragic history 67 
St. Anne's Parish estab. 1692. G8 
St. Anne's once :Middle Xeek 

Parish 68 

St. Anne's 68 

St. Anne's, selection of its site 69 

St. Anne's finished 69 

St. Anne's built in shape of T. 69 

St. Anne's faces east 69 

St. Anne's. General Assembly 

heedful of 60 

St. Anne's three lots 69 

St. Anne's inconvenient to 

parishioners 69 

St. Anne's too little .... 70 

St. Anne's, room wanted in... 71 

St. Anne's enlarged, 1740 71 

Stuart. William 71 

Stamp officer, in 1765 71 

Strain, Robert 71 

St. Anne's, wardens of, threate 71 

St. .James, curate of 7p 

St. Anne's, protege of State. . 73 
St. Anne's falls into ruin ... 73 
St. Anne's poem on, in Gazette 73 
St. Anne's, Assembly asked to 74 
St. Anne's, trustees of, 1774. 75 
State f;-ives £1.")00 to St. Anne's 75 
St. Anne's.State gives £1500 to 75 

St. Anne's with steeple 75 

Stat-^ pew in St. Anne's 75 

St. Anne's, State pews in 75 

St. Anne's subscribers to 

choose pews in 7."> 

St. Anne's. Gallery's for pa- 
rishioners, slaves, and ser- 
vants 75 

St. Anne's, organist of 75 

St. Anne's, dark day for. . . . 75 
St. Anne's, the Point Look Out 75 
St. Anne's, rector of, Malcolm, 

Keene 75 

St. Ann. 's, cost of. in 1792 ... 75 

St. Anu( 's burned 75 

St. Ann*' 's l)ell tolls its requiem 75 

St. Ann ^'s rebuilt 76 

.St. Am e's, change of spirit. . 77 

St. Anne's in front ranks 77 

St. Ani.e's, report of rector... 77 

St. Anne's Chapel 77 

St. Phi ip's Ciiapel 77 

St. An?. e's ancient communion 
vessels 77 



St. .John's, Library of 79 

State House, second in Annap 8o 
State House, emblem of pov- 
erty 81 

St. Michaels, feast day of . . . 88 

St. Philip's day 90 

St. Jacob's day 90 

St. Michael, tiie Arch angel... 90 
State House, very beautiful... 91 
Stoddard's, .James, survey of A 97 
State House destroyed by fire. 97 

State House Circle. 97 

State Library 99 

Stewart, Dr. Chas 102 

Storm towards South River... 103 

St. Anne's Parish IQS 

State House 108 

Stewart, "Sir. Vincent, killeil...ll5 
Steadman, Mary, murdered. . .116 
St. Anne's. Gov. Ogleinterredll7 
Stewart, Geo., election of, set 

aside 130 

Stewart, Wm 120 

Stocking manufactory 1 20 

State House, bills of credit forl20 

Styles of the time 128 

Strt-ets with no pavements 129 

St. George's festival 136 

Stage in Annapolis 140 

St. Tamina 148 

Stamp act in Annapolis 149 

Stamped paper returned 151 

Stage patronized bv Gov. Edenl5B 

St. Anne's bell....! 158 

St. Tamina society 159 

Stewart, George 159 

State House, the third in An. 161 
State House, dimensions of . . .162 

State Convention 169 

Stewart. :S[r. Anthonv. .171, 172, 

173 
SteuV>en, Major -Gen. Baron.. 185 

Stratagem of Lafayette 187 

State, address of. to Washing. 203 

State, re|)ly of Wasli. to 204 

Steuben, Baron, Washington's 

letter to 205 

St. John's College 208 

Steret, John ...209 

St. John's injured by a politi- 
cal fued 313 

St. John's, Lottery for 213 

St. John's claim, .-settlement of214 



INDEX. 



389 



St. John's, appropriation to. ..314 

St. John's seized 214 

St. John's. Wash, visit to. . . .218 
St. John's College and Wash. 210 

Steven. Vachel 223 

Stone, John Hoskins 

Sterrett, Sam'l. Capt 

Sterrett. John 

St. i^nne's Church stoned 



.220 
,227 
.227 
.235 
235 
.240 



Stuart, Major Alex. . 
State public meeting. 

Steamer Surprise.... 254 Steward, Stephen 170 

vStiles. Geo. & Son 254 Snsquehannock Indian^ 

Stephen, .John 255 

State and U. S.. conflict bet.. 255 
Star Chamber of Annapolis... 2 56 
State ^lanagers. unnamed . . -25G 
Strawberry Hill farm 25(3 



State subscription, member^ 

who 7 

Streets, powers over 33B 

Stewart, Chas 167 

Steuart, David : 167 

Steele, John 167 

Stiff. Wm 167 

Stiff, Thomas .16|J 

Steiger, Jordan 16'' 

Stewart, Anthony 167 

Stringer, Kichard 170, 176 

176 
22 

Susquehanna Indians 28 

Susquehannas desire peace.... 28 
Susquehannock embassadors.. 55 

Submitted to the King 57 

Sudden removal of capital... 60 



State Library 259 Sugar Plum of all the Mayors 



Stewart, Peggy. 260 

States' cannon used in riot. . -271 

State House, fire in 273 

Steele, James B 273 

Star, the Democratic 273 

St. John V College cadets 282 

Stewart, Capt 282 

Stalker, Jno. E 284 



coaches '. ... 62 

Subscribers to choose pews in 

St. Anne's 75 

Subscription to free schools,... 78 
Supscription to the Gazette. . . .99 
Sup})ort of garrison at Cape 

Breton 105 

Sullivan. Daniel, gibbetted....ll6 



Stockett Frank H 207 Sufferers, collection for Bostonl20 

" Sun of England 129 

Susquehanna 161 

Suggestion of Gen. Was^ 162 

Suspension of St. John's sx^- 

propriation V.O 

SuUivan, John 222 

Somerville, Wm 226 

Sutton, Sam'l 248 

Sunday Schools 255 

Sutton, Capt., decided to put 

into A 268 

Sunday work and barbers 314 

Sullivan, C. A 316 

Suicide of Lt. Danenhower. . .321 

Snsquehannahs 332 

Swithson, Thos., donates to K. 

W's. school 79 

Swann. Richard 263, 273 

Swann, Thomas 303 

Swope, J. H 305 

Swann, Mrs. Richard 307 

Swann, R 316 

Sympathy for Boston 168 



Steam Ferry Boat ''Readv". .300 

.Stewart, Dr. Geo. H 308 

St. Mary's Catholic Church.. 304 

St. Martin's Church 305 

Steip, John 305 

Stewart, Anthony, house of. .308 
Stewart, brig Peggy. bowl from309 
Steam fire engine in Annap....311 
St. Anne's Mission Chapel, a 

memorial. 312 

St. John's College 312 

State receives from A.&E.R.R313 
Stockett, Frank H., staff officer31 3 

Steam Ferry boat 315 

St. John's College, report on.. 31 7 
St. John's College, property of317 

Stockett, J. Schaaf \ . . 320 

Stanley, William, killed 320 

Statue of Taney 324 

Statue of De Kalb 324 

State Museum 324 

Storm overtakes settlers 328 

State subscription approved... 3 
Sypolls, Henry 229 



390 



INDEX. 



Tax to build church in Annap. 65 
Taxable per^-ons in St. Anne's 68 

Taylard, Mr. William 69 

Tax bill to raise sinking fund. 71 
Tasker, Col. Ben. 71, 96, 97. 146 

Tasker Thomas 78 

'Taylor. Edward 88 

Taylard 3rr. Clarke. mistrusted 85 

Tax on tobacco 101 

Tax imposed without authoiityl 05 
Tasker. Esq.. B-n. acts as Gov. 11 7 

Tasker, Benj.. jr 118. 159 

Tannery set up by Thos. Hvdell9 

Tavern." Signs '. . .129 

Tamina. St 142 

Tatswell. John 155 

Tar and feathers 178 

Tall .ot Court H ouse 220 

Tate, Robt. W 311 

Tate. James E 311 

Tavlor, Geo.M 3r> 

Taney statue 324 

Taxes on real estate 340 

Terms of purchase of lots 53 

Temporary removals of capital 56 
Tenure vain, for St. Mary's.. 56 

Tench. Hon. Thomas 64 

Tench. Esq, Thomas 84 

T'.'U persons to be common 

councilmen 88 

Temple street 97 

Ten persons struck by light- 
ning 110 

Tea burnt at Annapolis 171 

Temperance in politics 261 

Testimony of Dan. T. Hyde. 269 

Telegraph to Annapolis 281 

Telephone and telegraph in 

Annapolis 324 

Threatening speeches 32 

The Battle of the Severn 33 

Thurston, Thos., before the 

Governor 38 

Thurston, Thos., desires to 

leave Province 38 

Thomas Trueman, impeach- 
ment of 54 

Three cler.,'vmen from Anne 

Arundel' 66 

Three lots I'or St. Anne's 69 



Thorton. William 7i 

Theatre had been introduced.. 75 
Thomas, archbishop of Cantr'y 77 

Thompson, .John 79- 

Thompson, Richard 86 

The first newspaper in Md 94 

The MarylandGazette 94 

Thomas, Robert 97 

The second newspaper in Md.. 98 

The Pretender loi 

The Freemen of Maryland 106- 

Three Governor's messages in 

one day 107 

The Indians 108 

The Puritans 108 

The Gazette 109 

Three comjianies go to Canada llO 

Thornton, William, sheriff in 

The legislature prorogued 113 

Thames. Frigate [^ 116 

Theatre on West street 121 

The First Citizen, letters of... 121 

The sexton, Sol. Mogg 125 

The Maryland Gazette 125 

Thorn ton, Wm., Esq., to frame 

discourse I33 

Theatre in Annapolis 139 

The first American theatre. ...146 
Theatre, the first American.... 146 

Theatre opened 147 

Theatre, site of 147 

Theatre on Gloucester St 148 

The stamp act in Annapolis... 149 

The King's passengers 157 

Thornton, Mrs. Commodore ..323 

Thomas, John 315. 316, 323 

The St. Tamina Society 159 

Third State House in Annap. . 161 

The third State House 161 

Three islands, mouth West 

River 174 

Thousands of French auxillia- 

ries 187 

Thomas, Nicholas 220 

Thompson, Alex 222, 229- 

Theatre. Annap.226, 140, 141, 148 
The Ancient Regime disap- 
pears 228 

Thompson, Richard, Jr 229" 

Thompson, Jane 229- 



INDEX. 



391 



Thomas' Point, British sloop on234 

"The Glorious Nineteen," 244 

Thomas, Geo. A 245,248 

Thomas, Jno. B 248, 250 

^Thompson, W. R 259 

Three rifles leveled on Judge 

Brewer 271 

The Democratic Star 273 

The First Citizen 275 

Thanksgiving, proclamation of 281 

-Thompson, Wm. H 282 

The College Green 302 

The Governor's Folly 302 

The third Gubernatorial Man- 
sion 302 

Third Gubernatorial Mansion. 302 

"The Old Blue Church," 303 

The Ball Boom 305 

The Old City Hall 305 

The City Hotel 305 

The Gazette and State Printing3l2 

-Thompson, Prof. Wm. H 312 

The Gazette explains defeat.. 316 
The Court House of Annapolis 318 

The Chase Mansion dOH 

The Harwood Residence 306 

TheOijle House 307 

-The Paca dwelling 307 

The Iglehart House 307 

The Piukney House 308 

The Liberty Tree 308 

The Dove, (Note) 328 

The Ark, (Note) 328 

The Charter of Annapolis 334 

-Thompson, Richard 167 

Thimnis, John 168 

Thomas, John 176 

Timid deputies lose the gov- 
ernment 57 

Tilghman, Maj., Wm., clerk.. 104 
Times, customs of the, 1765... 124 
Times, dress of the time 1765.124 

Times are dreadful, &c 151 

Tilghman, Mathew.169, i74, 175 

Tilghiuau, Lusby 226 

Tilghman, James 166 

Tillard. Thomas ...176 

Took possession of unoccupied 

lands 18 

Town originally intended 18 

Town laid at Greensbury's... . l8 

Todd, Thomas 18 

Tom I) of theRidgleys 18 



Todd, tomb of 19 

Token to be brought by In- 
dians 30 

Town at Proctors, made a port 52 
To draw up a bill of attainder. 55 

Town at Proctors 57, 58 

Town Land at Proctors. ...62, 14& 
Town at port of Anne Arundel 62 
Town and port at Severn. ... 63 
Topp, Edwd., at Annapolis... 66 

Town clerk of Annapolis 6(> 

To treat with workmen to 

build 69 

Topp, Rev. Mr 69 

Tootell, Richard 71, 170 

Tombstone of Evan Jones 76 

Tombstone of Amos Garrett... 76 
Town of Annapol;5, attempt 

upon 8* 

Town and port of Annapolis . . 87 

Town-common '. ... 94 

Torres, Francis, advertisementlOO 

Tobacco, tax on 100 

Tootell, xMr 103 

Tobacco, taxed without law. ...105 

Tolley's Point 109 

Tom, a negro, executed Hi 

Tobacoo from America 127 

Totness, ship, burned 174 

Toasts at inauguration of Govl83 

Toasts on treaty of peace 194 

Toasts at dinner to Wash205. 218 

Toasts at dinner to Wash 318 

Toasts at Masonic celebration 223 

Tootell, John 229 

Toasts at banquet to William 

Piukney 23i 

Toasts at banquet on downfall ^ 

of Napoleon 236 

Topper, Samuel, arrested 300 

Tongue, Benjamin 301 

Townley, Francis 307 

Town clock in Annapolis 315 

Town not dead 325 

Tonry. William 167 

Towson, Thomas 167 

Tract of 250 acre? -urveyed.... 18 
Trade committee decides for 

Lord Baltimore 3« 

Treaty of peace with Indians 

in 1666 40 

Trade to be done at ports 58 

Troops invest a fort 54 



393 



INDEX. 



Trueman, Thomas, impeach- 
ment of 54 

Trueman, MaJ3r, found 55 

Trueman escapes punishment. 55 
Tradesmen given land in An- 
napolis ... 63 

Tradesmen put outside city 

limits 64 

Tradesmen not to annoy one 

another 64 

Trustees of St. Anne's, 1774.. 75 
Trustees of King William's 

school 78 

Treasurer's Building 81 

Trespass and ejectment 91 

Trade act to advance 96 

Tnidesmen, encouragement of 96 

Transi:ion material 108 

Trying period for Gov. Eden.. 153 

Trade at Annapolis 109 

Troops, Mary hind 182 

Trenton and Princeton io9 

Treaty of peace celebrated 194 

Trenton and Annapolis 200 

Truine, Mathew 2ki9 

Tray, Francis 305 

Treaty of peace under poplar.. 309 



Trade of Annapolis declines... 3 19 
Traces «jf trade in Annapolis.. 320 
Trade revives in Annapolis. . .320 

Treatment of Indians 331 

Tuesday club 131 

Tuesday club, conundrums of. 135 

Tuition at St. John's 210, 211 

Tumblert, Geo 229 

Tuck, Washington G 255 

Turf, the, in Annapolis 258 

Tuck, W. G 259 

Tuck, W. G.,Capt 299 

Tuck, W. H 316 

Tuck, Wm 167 

Two substantial changes of 

capital 56 

Two market days in a week.... 57 
Two fairs a year in Annap, 65, 90 

Two fair days 94 

Two hurt severely HO 

Two military companies at An- 
napolis 170 

Two halves of a lemon 270 

Two centuries, a retrospect of275 

Tyler, John 226 

Tysalel, Kobt 229 

Tyler, Arson 305 



U 



Union pole and Flag raishig...299 
Union Home Guard formed. ..::99 
Union members of Gov. Guards 

secede 299 

Union Ticket 313 

Unsworth, John 167 

Unwilling to trust Mr. Taylard 85 
United States and State oilicers2o5 



Upshur, Commander 266 

Upper House refuses to coucur 51 
Upper House gave a sharp repl 57 
Upper House disclaim auyiute 92 

Upper Marlboro 147 

Urquhart's, Mrs., Spring. .. .225 
Utie, Col. Nathanifi 37 



Van Horn, a congressman 227 

Vausaut, Joshua 284 

Vauville Rangers 282 

Vanguard of sick arrive 299 

Vacancies, how tilled 335 

Varudel, John 167 

Valiette, Eli 167 

Vessels licensed 177 

Vessels, arms, ammunition tak 36 
Vesirymenof St. Anne'sin.. . 68 
Vestrymen of St. Anne's, 1704 69 
Vestry of St. Anne's lays its 
grievances 69 



Vestry of St. Anne's order a. 73 
Verse, Annapolis described on 93 

Verdict of Jury 113 

Verliug 147 

Very quiet Indians I(j0 

Veazey, Gov. Thomas W 249 

Veazey, Gov '.ioO 

Virginia 19 

Vibkiitiou of the clergy Go 

Villianous designs 8$ 

Villiaus break into Council. . . 84 

Vinn, Edward, in pillory 118 

Violence of the people 156 



INDEX. 



Virginia Convention to Md... .155 

View from State House 162 

Vindex 185 

Visitors and Govs, of St. Jno's.209 
Visit of La Fayette to Annap.239 
Vindication of Judge Brewer.272 
Views of Annap. Gazette on 
crises 282, 288 



Visitof A. E. Borie 316 

Volumes, quaint and curious.. 79 

Voyage to Maryland 91, 327 

Volunteers against Indians. ..119 

Vote of Annapolis in 1860 281 

VoUmer, Frederick 305 

Voorhees, Philip R 308 



W 



Warner, James 19 

War could only decide it 32 

Washington, John 47 

Warfiel 1, Richard 68, 97, 98 

Wardens of St. Anne's threat- 
en non-attendents 71 

Walls of St. Anne's alone re- 
mained 76 

Walls of second State House 

good 81 

Waters, Mr. John 82 

W. Bladen, clerk of Council... 87 

Warfield,Mr. Alex 96 

Water, men walking on 101 

Watson, William 103 

Warehouse lost by fire 110 

Walker, Dr. James 114 

Washington, Col. Geo 119 

Wallis. John, chimney sweep. 180 

Wagstaffe, Richard 180 

Wax figures in Annapolis. .. .139 

Washington, George 144, 220 

Wall 147 

W^alker 147 

Wagon manf. of Hutton Bros. 147 

Washington, guest at 152 

Water gives place to land. . . .157 

W^ater and made land 157 

W'ashington resigns military 

commission 163 

Washington, suggestion of.... 163 
Wallace, Mr. Chas.. chairniaul75 
Wallace, Charles.. .101, 170, 176, 
177. 181 

Washington in Annapolis 192 

Washington. Gen 196 

Washington resigns his mili- 
tary com. at Annapolis. . .200 
Washington arrives at Annap. 201 
Washinc:'s. room in City Hotel201 

Walton.^ Col. John *. 201 

Walton. Dr. J. Randolph.201, 818 
Washington 201. 203 



Washington, address to 202 

Washington reply to Council 

of State 202 

Washington, address to An. to203 
Washington, President, visit 

to Annapolis 218 

Washington visit St. John's. ..218 
Washington's reply to Annap. 203 
Washi ig^-on address of State to208 
Washington, reply of, to State204 
Washington's letter to Baron 

Steuben 205 

Washington and his aids 206 

Walker, Col. Benj 206 

Washington's address 206 

Washington. Gen. Mifflin's ad- 
dress to 207 

Washington College 208 

Washington, dinner to.. 218, 219 

Washington, Journey of 219 *^ 

Washington and St. John's 

College 219 

Washington, nephews of 220 

Washington's reception 221 

Washington, mourning for. ...224 

War of 1812 2.38 

Watkins. J. N.237. 258, 259. 260, 

261, 804 
Watkins and Chandler fight... 235 

Watson's, Capt., troops 240 

Warfield's. Capt., troops 240 

Watson, Robert 248 

Warfield, Lancelot 256 

Waters, Ramsay 263 

Warrington, Commodore 266 

Ward, Prof ^66 

Walton, Col. John, testifies. ..269 
Wallace. James L...270, 297, 306 

Walton, Col. John 284 

War excitement in Annap 285 

Watts, Wm 301 

Waugh, Dr. J. W 301 

Waters, Thomas G 304 



894 



INDEX. 



Walton, Col., has notable bowl309 
Waite, Col. C. A.^ U. S. A... 310 
Watkins^ Capt. Thos., Provost 

Marshal 313 

Waterworks, Annapolis 314 

Watkins, T. H.. wounded. . . .316 

Wallis, S. T., oration of 324 

Waterwitch Hook and Ladder 

Co 16 

Wardens of the Port 338 

Water, Martin 168 

Warren, John 168 

Watkins, Thomas 170 

Watkins, Stephen 170 

Warfield, Alex., Dr. Chas. . . .176 

Waters, Thomas G 261 

Warros(;[uoyacke county 19 

Wells. Mr. Richard 31 

Werard, Peter 71 

Welsh epitaph 76 

Wells, Hon. Geo., presents a 

bell 76 

Wells, Flon. George, protests 

against furnace 76 

Wells, Daniel 82 

Welsh, Sylvester 83 

Welsh to Wells ; 83 

Wells to We^sh 88 

Wells, Daniel 83 

Welsh, Capt., discharged 83 

Welsh, John 97 

West, Jr., Stepney, manufac.lll 

^Vealthy Government 145 

Weloli, Benj., will pay no tax. 150 

Weems, John 168 

Welch, Chas. S , 174 

Webster, Noah, visits Annap. .221 

Wells, Wm 229 

'Weems, Rev. Mason L 235 

Welcome address to La Favette239 

Welch, Robt .' 255 

Weems, Mr. John C 259 

Weems, Capt 250 

Wells, Geo. Jr 259, 260, 261 

Wesley Chapel 305 

Welch's, Chas. S.. property... 308 
Wells, Hon. Geo., President 

A. & E. R. R 313 

Wesley Chapel congregation.. 315 

Welling, James C 316 

Wells, Geo 262, 263, 303, 315 

Welb. Elijah 263 

Western Hotel invaded 269 



Wealth of oysters 275 

Wells, John H., 1st Lieut 280 

West River 283- 

West River Guard 282 

Wesley Chapel 305 

Wells, Dr. Geo 316, 321 

Weapons, not lawful to be 

carried 341 

Weeden, Oliver 168 

Weems, John 170, 176- 

Whipped publicly, E, Erberry 41 
Wholesome springs at St. 

Mary's 59 

Workman, Anthony, donates. 78 

Whitfield visits Annapolis HO 

Whalen, Richard 117 

Whipping of a reverend 137 

Whig Club of Baltimore 157 

Wlietcroft, William 177 

Whitting, condemned 22& 

Wheeler, Bennett 225 

Whetcroft, Burton 229, 230 

Wharf at end of Prince 

George's street 228 

Whetcroft, Henry 229 

Whigs were strongest 244 

Whigs 245, 250 

Why Senate rejects nomina- 
tions 250 

White, J. Wesley 304. 316 

Wheeler, John 305 

Wharton trial 318 

White's, Father Andrew, 

Journal 327 

Wharves may be repaired. . . .338 
Witch hanged on shipboard... 49 

Williamson, Rev. Alex 72 

William III, of England 77 

Williams 83 

J Wilson, Major 83 

I Williams, a conspirator 83 

Wilson, Josiah 86, 88 

Wilson, John 100 

William and Anne, ship 103 

Williamson, Thos., manufact'rlU 
Williams, Elisha, drowned... . 112 
Wilson, Joseph, conterfeiter. .11(> 

Wilson, Geo 117 

Winchelsea, ship, armed. .113, 115 

Wild bear 118 

Windmill on Windmill Point. 120 

Will of William Farris 122 

Wilson, Capt. Robert 126 



INDEX. 



30& 



Will of Gen. Washington 148 

Wignell, Mr 148 

Williams, Thos. C. and Co 171 

Williams, Jas., 167, 172, 173, 
225. 226, 229 

Williams, Joseph 172, 173 

Wilkins, William... 167, 177, 181 

Williams, OttoH 196 

Williams, Gen 196 

Wilkerson, William 226 

Williams, Wm 229 

Wisepam, John 229 

Williamson, James 242 

Wilmot, Mr. Chas. F 256 

Williamson, J 358 

Wiggins, Daniel H 259 

Windmill of D. H. Wiggins... 259 

Williams, Amos A 262 

Windmill, a 266 

Wilson, Thos. J., proposes 
Maryland to set up sepa- 
rate sovereignty 282 

Wilson, Thomas, elected re- 
corder 285 

Wilson, Thos. J 300 

Williams, Rev. Robt. H. 304, 320 
Wilson, Col. Thos. J., pay- 
master 318 

Wilson, W. H. F., death of. ..321 

Williams, Joseph 167 

Wilkinson, J 167 

WiUatt, William 167 

Wilmot, Edward 168 

Williams, Edward 261 

Wiggins, Daniel H 261 

Women, able, jury of 44 

Workmen to build St. Anne's 69 

Yarley, [Francis 25, 28 

Young, Mr 84 

Young. Richard 87 

Young, Sam'l 97 

Zielke, Charles 305 



Wooten, Rey. James 69 

Worthington, Thomas 70 

Wolf stenhone, D aniel 71 

Woodcock, Mr. , organist of St 

Anne's 75 

Wootton, James 87 

Woodchuck's Rest 96 

Workman, Anthony, alias 

William 96 

-Wood, Thomas 100 

Worthington, Mr. Thomas 102 

Worm bites in Patapsco Ill 

Women, negro, executed 116 

Woman kills a man 121 

Woodcock, Harry 125 

Woman and The Lovely 

Nancy 158 

Worthington, B. T. B 168 

Wolfe, Gen 253 

Woodford, Henry 256 

Workingmen's meeting in An- 
napolis 284 

Worthington &Co 312 

Woodward, Regnal D 313 

Workingmen's B. & L. Ass'n.325 

Worthington, William 167 

Woolford, John 168 

Worthington, Brice T. B.170, 176 
Wright, Isaac, counterfeiter. 116 

Wren, Sir Christopher 128 

Wright, Solomon 220 

Wright, Robt., Gov 286 

Wright, Johns 315 

Wright, Charles 168 

Wyat, Nicholas 18 

Wyat, Rev. Mr 252 

Wyvill, Marmaduke, 176 

Y 

Young, Col. Sara'l 97 

York hung for horse stealing. 11 3 
Yorktown 187 

Z 
Zouave Corps 399 



ERRATA. 

Page 213, Sec. par., 1st line, read through, for though. 

Page 292, sec. par., 15th line, read Constitution, for "Constella^ 
tion." 

Page 78, Thomas Lasker, should be Thomas Tasker. 

Page 152, "Robt. Eden became Governor of Maryland in 1760," 
ihould be 1769. 

Page 154, second paragraph. 3rd line, read excepted, for accepted. 

Page 224, last paragraph, 1st line, read 1800, for 1880. 

Page 243, in date of card, read 1836, for 1826. 

Page 308, 6th paragraph, 3rd line, read Thomas Jennings, for 
Edmund. 



RD 20.2 



{0^ 



^\\it^ 








^'^^ c ° ' " ■* "^^ O 





•.^^v /% °m^- .^'^-. -^sm 



^^^•-.^^"'^v^M'. - 



•f'^o'^ 



























^"•n^. 



^'^. %. ./ .^^^a:- ^^ A* .''^fifes'- -"^^ ..'^* . 






^v^"^ 
5-^"-. 



>->-. 












^ r 








D03BSBR0S. ^0 ''V *" • ' ^ * 

MAY- 1,' :'k%iM. %/ » A'- %/ 



ST. AUGUSTINE 
^ FLA. 




.S^ 






5^ 



a2« 



0£2 



000 




jsauono^ 



^o^" 



JJV««'^ 




